参入阻止モデルの１つの変遷

The limit pricing model by Bain, Sylos−Labini and　Modigliani is a famous theory on entry deterrence. A　single incumbent firm or a coordinated cartel competes against a single potential entrant. The limit pricing　model assumes that the incumbent firm can continue to produce at its pre−entry output level regardless of the　potential entrant’s actions. However, it has been pointed out that the limit pricing model is unrealistic and only　an empty threat. That is, it is possible to judge the　success of the incumbent firm’s strategic behavior only if the　decisions that the incumbent firm made prior to entry cause changes in the post−entry competing environment.　Irreversible behavior, such as the installation of　machinery and equipment, can be said to be the essence of competition among firms. The possibility of firms using excess capacity to deter entry has been studied by many economists. This paper surveys theories of entry　deterrence.