RNA was synthesized with isolated rat liver nuclei. Fingerprint analysis of in vitro synthesized 5S RNA, which was slightly larger than mature 5S RNA on gel, showed that it contained all the sequence of mature 5S RNA and an additional sequence of about 8 nucleotides at its 3'-terminal site. The same molecule was also demonstrated in vivo by a pulse-chase experiment, suggesting that 5S RNA is synthesized in vivo as the larger precursor such as demonstrated in the in vitro system.