result 19466 件
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41702 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Current Issues on the Reform of the Government Subsidy Systems - with a Special Emphasis on the Agricultural Subsidies - |
| FullText URL | oer_026_1_029_055.pdf |
| Author | Sakamoto, Chuji| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1994-06-24 |
| Volume | volume26 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 29 |
| End Page | 55 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129750 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41700 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Recent Studies on Adam Smith and the Problem of Birth of Political Economy: A Review on Prof. Niimura's The Shaping of Political Economy: Adam Smith and the Natural Jurisprudence Tradition |
| FullText URL | oer_027_4_227_252.pdf |
| Author | Tanaka, Shoji| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-03-11 |
| Volume | volume27 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 227 |
| End Page | 252 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129811 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41688 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Comparing the Three Credit Squeezes after the Shift to the Floating Exchange Rate System - A Rough Sketch - |
| FullText URL | oer_027_3_137_148.pdf |
| Author | Ichinose, Atsushi| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1995-12-12 |
| Volume | volume27 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 137 |
| End Page | 148 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002709386 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41682 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Document Information Chronological Record Prepared by Mr. Seo, Formerly a Director of the Manchuria Iron and Steel Company, Anshan |
| FullText URL | oer_027_2_209_232.pdf |
| Author | Matsumoto, Toshiro| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1995-09-05 |
| Volume | volume27 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 209 |
| End Page | 232 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002709380 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41677 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | An Impression of Public Libraries in the U. S. A. |
| FullText URL | oer_027_2_105_124.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1995-09-05 |
| Volume | volume27 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 105 |
| End Page | 124 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002709375 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41671 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On the Librarians of University Libraries in U. S. A |
| FullText URL | oer_027_1_155_178.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1995-06-25 |
| Volume | volume27 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 155 |
| End Page | 178 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129800 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41666 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Comparative Study of Domestic Division of Labour by Family Types |
| FullText URL | oer_027_1_025_052.pdf |
| Author | Wakisaka, Akira| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1995-06-25 |
| Volume | volume27 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 25 |
| End Page | 52 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129795 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41662 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Framework for Evaluation of GAIA Corporation |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_383_393.pdf |
| Author | Satoh, Michimasa| |
| Abstract | The characteristics of the ethical investment is to take consideration not only the traditional profit factor but also the ethical factor in corporate evaluations. The purpose of this paper is to accommodate such a investment policy in the user - oriented accounting framework. In order to do this, the concept of "GAIA corporation" is introduced. GAIA means "this planet". So "GAIA corporation" is an ideal corporation which is perfectly symbiotic with ecological environment. Two approaches can be identified in the ethical investment. First is a selective approach, which uses some filter to eliminate "non GAIA corporation" from the portfolio. Second is the synthetic approach, in which so called "risitsu bunseki (quality of earnings analysis)" can be integrated. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 383 |
| End Page | 393 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129866 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41661 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_365_381.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| Namba, Yasuhiko| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 365 |
| End Page | 381 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129865 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41660 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Butchers Union and Japanese Butchers of Seattle in 1921 |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_349_363.pdf |
| Author | Kurokawa, Katsutoshi| |
| Abstract | The relationship between the labor unions and Japanese Americans in Seattle improved much after the Seattle General Strike of 1919. Few unions, however, admitted Japanese workers as the regular members even in Seattle. One of the notable exception is the Local No.81 of the Butchers Union. It decided to organize the meat and fish shops managed by Japanese at the meeting of March 15, 1921 and asked the cooperation of Japanese Association of North America. The year 1921 is the critical year for the Japanese in Seattle. Anti-Japanese organizations were very active and many bills which would regulate economic activities of Japanese were introduced to the State legislature and the city council. Japanese Association, therefore, feared to lose the friendship of labor unions and persuaded the Japanese meat and fish shops to accept the proposal of th Local No.81. Soon Japanese shops were organized. Japanese butchers organized the Branch No.2 of the Local No81 and even began to send a delegate to the Central Labor Council of Seattle which was the center of the labor movement in Seattle in those days. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 349 |
| End Page | 363 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129864 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41659 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On the Co-operative Movement in Postwar Japan - A Comparison with the Case in U.K - |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_331_347.pdf |
| Author | Shimono, Katsumi| |
| Abstract | Total number of the Co-operative societies in U.K. increased rapidly till the early years of 1890's and its maximum was 1455 in 1903. But the total number of individual members of the Co-operative societies increased steadily and many Co-operative societies grew up larger and larger, especially in the urban areas in the first half of 20th century. Since 1960 or so, the Movement has been in the declining stage. The market share of retail turnover, the number of Co-operative shops, and the Co-operative membership have been decreasing. This decline of the Co-operative Movement has mainly been pushed aside not by the independent shopkeepers but by the expansion of multiples. The Co-operative Movement in Japan became popular after World War 11 and grew up rapidly during the period from 1960's to 1980's. Growth of Co-operative Movement after 1960 can be obserbed in the increase of members of local Co-operative societies. Number of local Co-operative societies increased slowly in the 1960's and rapidly from 1973 to 1977. Membership has been increasing continuously since 1960 except in 1979. Main purpose of these societies is to supply food to members, and the societies increased in number till 1977. And the share of food and joint buying in retail sales of local Co-operative societies expanded after 1960 until 1990. Total turnover increased until 1993, but then it reached a sort of plateau. Monthly purchase per member of the retail Co-operative societies has been decreasing after 1991, and the turnover of their retail sales also stopped increasing after 1993. Total number of individual members of societies is still increasing because of members of the consumers Co-operative societies. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 331 |
| End Page | 347 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129863 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41658 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Determinants of Investment by Public Corporations |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_317_330.pdf |
| Author | Sasaki, Nario| |
| Abstract | We can find many books and articles discussing about public investments or fiscal policy, especially at a time when there are recessions as the Japanese Economy in 1990's. But it seems to be that there have been fewer studies about how the scale of public investments were determined or what was the determinants of them. This paper is devoted to investigating the elements which have determined investments of public sectors, supposing an simple but important assumption; civil servants try to maximize their own utilities which usually are surpluses after required expenditures are paid. Subject to this assumption an investment model of public corporations is made and compared with Model maximizing social welfare. Finally, some interpretations and problems of this analysis are presented. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 317 |
| End Page | 330 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129862 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41657 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Stein Type Confidence Interval of the Disturbance Variance in a Linear Regression Model |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_293_316.pdf |
| Author | Nagata, Yasushi| |
| Abstract | In this paper the interval estimation of the disturbance variance in a linear regression model is discussed from several view points. Firstly, a brief summary ofthe Stein type point estimation theory and the Stein type interval estimation theory is given. Then, the relationship between the improvement on the point estimation and the improvement on the interval estimation is discussed. It is shown that substituting the Stein type estimator for the usual estimator in the confidence interval leads to the improvement on the interval estimation. Secondly, the Neyman accuracy of the Stein type confidence interval is considered. The Neyman accuracy is a measure related to the unbiasedness of a confidence interval. It is shown that the Stein type confidence interval is not unbiased. Thirdly, the Wolfowitz accuracy of the Stein type confidence interval is considered. The Wolfowitz accuracy is related to the closeness of the endpoints to. the true parameter. The sufficient condition for the Stein type confidence interval to improve on the usual confidence interval is derived. Finally, the Stein type confidence interval is discussed under the multivariate Student-t distribution. It is shown that so far as the coverage probability and the multivariate Student-t distributions are concerned, the Stein type confidence interval is not robust against nonnormality, but that the superiority over the usual confidence interval still holds against nonnormality. Furthermore, for the case when it is known that error terms have a multivariate Student-t distribution, a Stein type confidence interval which improves on the usual confidence interval is presented. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 293 |
| End Page | 316 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129861 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41656 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Four Types of Demonstration of the Necessity of Money |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_275_292.pdf |
| Author | Wada, Yutaka| |
| Abstract | In this paper, Marxian attempts to demonstrate the necessity of money in market economy are classified into the four types of theory as follows : (1) one which focuses on money as the measure of value and does not use the concept of labour-value in the demonstration (2) one which focuses on money as the means of circulation and uses the concept of labour-value in the demonstration (3) one which focuses on money as the means of circulation and does not use the concept of labour-value in the demonstration (4) one which focuses on money as the measure of value and uses the concept of labour-value in the demonstration. The author thinks that the second type of theory should be adopted for two reasons. First, the concept of labour-value makes it possible to find out what set of social relations among individual labours makes money necessary as a means of social reproduction. Second, money as the measure of value can be meaningful only in an economy where money as the means of circulation is necessitated by indirect exchanges of commodities. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 275 |
| End Page | 292 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129860 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41654 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_221_247.pdf |
| Author | Rauck, Michael| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 221 |
| End Page | 247 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129858 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41651 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Theory and Historical View of Industrial Policy - Microscopic Instruction in Time of War - |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_151_170.pdf |
| Author | Takemura, Syosuke| |
| Abstract | My role in this paper is to research into the theory and history of Japanese industral policy in time of war. Although the actual industrial policies are very complicated and diversified, the theoretical framework in the background is considerably simple. First two main economic tools, that is, the production possibility frontier and budget constrained are adequately used in this research, including the policy - decision line. Next the various realities of industrial policies are described in detail from the Japan - China War to the Pacific War. At the last section one more important diagram appears on the stage. That explains a model including relations of the number of resource allocative sectors and three kinds of cost, namely, production cost, internal governance cost and exclusion cost. I can find that the suggestions from this modelling study are unexpectedly interesting. I can observe two intertemporal equilibrium points by shifting twin functions determining the number of the above mentioned sectors and total of three kinds of cost. The important conclusion is that we can decrease both of the number of sectors and total cost by employing nicely the principles of market, not the principle of planning. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 151 |
| End Page | 170 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129855 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41650 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On the Initial Stage of Systemic Transformation into a Market Economy : The Case of Azerbaijan |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_129_149.pdf |
| Author | Genka, Tomonori| |
| Abstract | Azerbaijan, oil-rich country along the shore of the Caspian Sea and one ofthe fifteen republics ofthe former Soviet Union, has been paid little attention from the Japanese academic world of economic researches. After the collapse ofthe Soviet Union, Azerbaijan had been suffering from the war with Armenia on Nagorno-Karabakh, the conflict in Chechenya of Russia, domestic political unstability, high rapid inflation and the sharp decrease of production. The close of the boundary by Russia deepend further the economic crisis. It was the most urgent need for Azerbaijan to launch the establishment of the new state regime, a macro-economic satabilization and economic structural reforms. But it was almost impossible for Azerbaijan because of the war with Armenia. After six year war, in 1995, Azerbaijan launched a macro-economic satabilization and it's result is impressive in the suppression of inflation. But structural economic reforms have been stagnating in privatization, agriculture and enterprise restructuring, and production decrease has been continuing. In 1996, the structural economic reform program has started. Now, Azerbaijan is standing on the initial stage of the systemic transformation into a market economy. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 129 |
| End Page | 149 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129854 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41649 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Credit Squeeze of 1973 after the Oil Crisis |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_103_127.pdf |
| Author | Ichinose, Atsushi| |
| Abstract | Following another paper of mine* devoted to the analysis of the credit sqeeze in 1973 before the Oil Crisis, this paper deals with the developement of the sqeeze after the Oil Crisis. The main purpose is to compare the analysis of this paper with that of The Hundred Years of the Bank of Japan, vol. 6 (1986). Main concluding remarks are as follows. 1 The recession after the Oil Crisis is mainly due to both the shrinkage of real-term consumption as the natural result of rapid inflation and the decline of willingness to invest. The latter, the decline of investment, is due to the anxiety about the high-cost of oil and the difficulty to secure it. The Hundred Years does not mention the above. 2 The Hundred Years discusses only little about the effect of the reversed exchange control policy upon the improvement of overall balance of payments, whereas this paper attaches great importance to the mixed effect of reversed exchange control since Nov. 1973 and the raising of the Bank Rate by 2% in Dec. 1973. 3 As to the reason why the 9% Bank Rate had been maintained until April 1975, this paper infers, with a few indirect evidences, that it was necessary for the Bank, particularly, to retain, for some time, short- term foreign capital in the hands of foreign exchange banks to tide over the foreign currency reserves crisis since the fourth quarter of 1973. With regards to this question, The Hundred Years stresses only the significance of maintaining 9% to bring rapid inflation to a close. It does not mention the relation between the keeping of 9% and the international movement of money capital. *Atsushi Ichinose, The Credit Squeeze of 1973 before the Oil Crisis, Shikoku Gakuin Shakaikagaku Nenshi (Journal of Social Science), No 6,1996 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 103 |
| End Page | 127 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129853 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41648 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | International Mal-adjustments and Japan's Protracted Lower Growth in 1990 s |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_079_102.pdf |
| Author | Tatebe, Kazuhiro| |
| Abstract | After temporally large decreasing in the early '90 s, current account imbalances abruptly had increased again above a hundred billion US dollars (yearly base) from 1993 to 1995 both in Japan (surpluses) and the United States (deficits). There have been some controversies over the cases of those imbalances among academic circles and some economists in economic think-tanks. One of the controversies is about a theoretical macro-balance. Those concerning long-term equilibrium approach emphasise structural factors on domestic gap between saving and investment balance of both the United States and Japan. On the contrary, those concerning short-term balance approach claim that external imbalances have been affected by short-term fluctuating factors, especially by the differential of both countries' economic growth. In line with the latter approach, this paper introduces a new concept of 'international mal-adjustments' on explaining about the problem of such external imbalances. From the viewpoint of a realistic approach, intractable large-scale current account imbalances (more than two percentages of GDP) of both Japan and the United States in recent years had been complained and claimed to be corrected by some important policy changes of both countries under the leadership of Clinton' administration since its inauguration in 1993. International mal-adjustments has been bringing big monetary and economic problems, in particular to Japanese economy. This paper depicts such problems as yen's super appreciation and Japan's protracted zero or one percent economic growth in recent years. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 79 |
| End Page | 102 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129852 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41647 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On Multiperiod Policy Implementation Model |
| FullText URL | oer_028_4_059_078.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Toshimi| |
| Abstract | It is intended here to investigate the basic structures and functions of the so-called "reputation" regime of macroeconomic policy-making by making use of a simple macro-model as composed of aggregate Lucas-type supply and ordinary demand functions in a familiar static framework of two targets and one policy instrument. The regime is conceived as one of many possible compromises between commitment and discretion, possible in a multi-period setting of the intrinsically static model, and the private sector's way of rational expectations is shown to be decisive in what reputation regime is concretely effected as a substitute for unrealistic commitment. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-03-10 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 59 |
| End Page | 78 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129851 |
