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I. Nematodes of fishes 1. Rhabdochona amago Yamaguti, 1935 II. Nematodes of frogs 2. Cosmocerca japonica Yamaguti, 1938 3. Cosmocercoides pulcher Wilkie, 1930 4. Oswaldocruzia bialata (Molin, 1860) 5. Rhabdias montana n. sp. III. Nematodes of mammals 6. Protospirura muris (Gmelin, 1890) 7. Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866 8. Longistriata wolgaensis Schulz, 1926 IV. Acanthocephala of frogs 9. Acanthocephalus lucidus van Cleave, 1925

Anoplocephalidae Kholodk., 1902 1. Oochoristica celebesensis n. sp. Dilepididae Fuhrmann, 1907 2. Ophiovalipora micracantha n. sp. Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911 3. Acanthotaenia shipleyi von Linstow, 1903

Lecithodendriidae Odhner, 1910 1. Phaneropsolus simiae n. sp. Heterophyidae Odhner, 1914 2. Galactosomum canis n. sp. Paramphistomidae Fischoeder, 1901 3. Explanatum explanatum (Creplin, 1857) 4. Paramphistomum cervi (Schrank, 1790) 5. Calicophoron cauliorchis (Stiles et Goldberger, 1900) 6. Ceylonocotyle εcoliocoelium (Fischoeder, 1901) 7. Fischoederius elongatus (Poirier, 1883) Fasciolidae Railliet, 1895 8. Fasciola hepatica Linne, 1758

Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1879 1. Acanthocephalus bufonis (Shipley, 1903) Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923 2. Rhadinorhynchus celebesensis n. sp. 3. Filisoma indicum van Cleave, 1928 Quadrigyridae van Cleave, 1920 4. Pallisentis gaboes (MacCallum, 1918) van Cleave. 1928 Gigantorhynchidae Hamann, 1892 5. Empodius sp. Neoechinorhynchidae Hamann, 1892 6. Neoechinorhynchus longilemniscus n. sp.

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and hypotensive effects of 7 peptide fractions (Frs) of royal jelly protein hydrolysate (RJPH) were studied in comparison with those of RJPH alone. Fr 4 and Fr 5 were the highest in ACE inhibitory activity and yield, respectively. Molecular weights (MWs) of RJPH and Fr 1-Fr 7 were distributed from 100 to 5,000 and those of Fr 1-Fr 7 increased in order from Fr 1 to Fr 7. RJPH, Fr 3 and Fr 4 at doses of 10, 30 and 100mg/kg i.v. and Fr 5 and Fr 6 at doses of 30 and 100mg/kg i.v. caused transiently significant hypotensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Fr 3, Fr 4, Fr 5 and Fr 6 at a dose of 1,000mg/kg also caused significant hypotensive effects 3h, 4-5h, 7-8h and 8h after oral administration in SHR, respectively. RJPH caused a long-lasting hypotensive effect in proportion to the magnitude of the MWs of RJPH fractions. The hypotensive pattern of RJPH was similar to the combined pattern of Fr 3-Fr 6. From these results, it can be concluded that the long-lasting hypotensive effect of oral administration of RJPH is dependent on the MWs of its ACE inhibitory peptides and the time required to digest them.

This study evaluated the effects of chronic hypoxia from birth on the resistance of rat hearts to global ischemia, with special emphasis on the duration of hypoxia. Male Wistar rats were housed from birth for 4 weeks or 8 weeks either in a hypoxic environment (FiO20.12) or in ambient air (8 animals for each group). Isolated rat hearts were perfused for 40 min with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer, subjected to 20 min global no-flow ischemia at 37, and then underwent 40 min of reperfusion. A non-elastic balloon was inserted into the left ventricle and inflated until the pre-ischemic LVEDP rose to 8mmHg. Cardiac function was measured before and after ischemia. The post-ischemic percent recovery of LVDP in hypoxic hearts was worse than in normoxic hearts (4 weeks:55+/-7 vs. 96+/-3%, p0.01;8 weeks:40+/-5 vs. 92+/-4%, p0.01), and was worst in the 8-week-hypoxic hearts. Similarly, the percent recovery of dP/dt in the hypoxic hearts was lower than in the normoxic hearts (4 weeks:51+/-5 vs. 96+/-7%, p0.01;8 weeks:31+/-6 vs. 92+/-7%, p0.01), and was lowest in the 8-week-hypoxic hearts. In conclusion, cyanotic myocardium revealed an age-dependent vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion injury in a chronic hypoxic rat model.

The annual number of suicides in Japan increased sharply in 1998, and since that time it has consistently exceeded 30,000 per year. In this study, we analyze a database of personal and background characteristics of 824 cases (605 men, 219 women) who completed suicide in Okayama Prefecture in 2002 and 2003. The data were obtained with cooperation from the police. Using the methodologies in a previous European study as a model, we classified the suicide methods into 8 categories. To examine the generational and regional differences in the choice of methods, we stratified the sample into 4 age groups (<-24, 2544, 4564, and >-65) and 2 regional groups (Okayama/Kurashiki vs. other areas). Our results on gender differences in 7 of the suicide methods were mostly similar to the European data. However, our data showed a remarkably higher proportionate male-to-female mortality ratio for poisoning by other substances (ICD-10, X65-X69 codes) (1.83, 1.15-2.92). In terms of generational differences in the choice of suicide methods, the Mantel-Haenszel test of homogeneity was significant for most of the categories in our study, suggesting an impact of age on how people commit suicide. There were no remarkable regional differences in our sample. An epidemic curve for suicides via carbon monoxide poisoning using charcoal briquets revealed a trend of time clustering not observed in the other 6 means. The database constructed and used in this study contains richer information than conventional death statistics and is expected to provide helpful knowledge and insights for future epidemiological studies.

(1) Das intravenos injizierte Kongorot wurde in normalem Zu-stand durch die Nieren im Harn sparlich oder gar nicht ausgeschieden. (a) Durch die Phlorhidzingabe kam der Farbstoff im Harn vor. Diese Erscheinung hangt mit der Tatsache zusammen, daB das Phlorhidzin auf die Permeabilitat der Niere steigernd wirkt. (b) Bei Muskelanstrengung wird der Farbstoff in geringen Mengen im Harn ausgeschieden. Dies beruht auf dem erhohten Filtrationsdruck in der Niere infolge der Blutdrucksteigerung. (c) Diuretika haben keinen EinfluB darauf. (2) Die normale Froschhaut laBt das Kongorot von innen nach auBen oder in umgekehrter Richtung nicht durchpassieren. (a) Durch Phlorhidzinapplikation wird der Farbstoffdurchtritt in beiden Richtungen moglich. (b) Durch die Wirkung von Phlorhidzin nahm der elektrische Ruhestrom der Froschhaut allmahlich ab. (3) Hinsichtlich der Erregbarkeit des Nervmuskelpraparates des Frosches ubt das Phlorhidzin auf den Schwellenwert eine erniedrigende Wirkung aus.

Die oben erwahnten Ergebnisse lassen sich dahin zusammenfassen, daB das Hynobius aus Okayama-Ken bei einem 8 mm langen Embryo etwa vor dem 1 . Kiemengang, fast an ihn angrenzend, beiderseitig symmetrisch je eine Verdickung des Epithels zum Vorschein bringt. Diese Verdickung besteht wie die anderen Abschnitte der Oberhaut aus zweischichtigem Epithel, aber die Zellen des Epithels sind sehr verdickt. Dies ist die erste Anlage der Balancier stangen. Mit der Entwicklung des Organismus verlangert sich diese Verdickung ventrokaudalwarts, nimmt eine rundlich kanalartige Stabchenform an, welche mit den Zellen der zwei Schichten bedeckt ist und in ihr Kanallumen Mesenchymzellen und BlutgefaBe in kleiner Anzahl einschlieBt. Bei einem Embryo von 12mm Lange wird sodann innerhalb des Kanallumens unmittelbar unter den Innenschichtzellen eine strukturlose, stark lichtbrechende Basalmembran gebildet, bei einem Embryo von 18mm Lange entspringen aus dem ventralen Rand des Palatoquadratums und des M. depressor mandibularis eine kleine Menge Mesenchymzellen, die den Anschein haben, als ob sie die Wurzel der Stange abschnuren wollten. Bei einem Embryo von 19mm Lange ist die rechtsseitige Stange noch unbeschadigt vorhanden, wahrend die linksseitige fast ganzlich verloren gegangen ist und eine kleine Vorwolbung der am Basalteil befindlichen Oberhaut als Uberrest zuruckgelassen hat. An dieser Vorwolbung findet man, daB der mit der Innenschicht der Oberhaut kombinierte Abschnitt eine erhebliche Zellwucherung erfahrt und infolge von Anhaufung der Zellen sich zu einer Kugel gestaltet, die mit einer Schicht der AuBenschichtzellen bedeckt ist. Die Innenschichtzellen dieses Abschnittes scheinen also durch ihre betrachtliche Wucherung den Basalteil der Balancierstangen zu verschlieBen.

Bei intrakutaner Injektion von lebenden Staphylokokken in Meerschweinchen traten Abszesse auf, welche eine erhebliche Tendenz zur Heilung zeigten indem sich 4 bis 8 Tage nach der Injektion das Fibrin reichlich im Innern der Abszesse ausschied. In diesen zur Heilung stark geneigten Abszessen wiesen die nichtzelligen Substanzen des Exsudates bereits im Fruhstadium den ziemlich hohen pHi-Wert von 5,5 auf. Der Wert steigerte sich weiter noch und erreichte schliesslich am 8. Tage nach der Injektion den hochsten Wert von 5,9.

1. Kurzlich konnte ich bei einem 16 jahrigen Madchen einen Tumor an der Vorderflache der rechten Brustwand beobachten. Bei der operativen Entfernung und histologischen Untersuchung stellte es sich heraus, daB es sich um einen nichtspezifischen entzundlichen Granulationstumor des groBen Brustmuskels handelte, ein immerhin recht seltenes Vorkommen. 2. Beschreibung der klinischen uud pathologischanatomischen Befunde sowie Besprechung derselben.

Es laBt sich bestatigen, daB die intravenose Injektion der Quecksilberpraparate Novasurol, Igrosin, Luehinon und Nelkegan einen ausgesprochenen Reizzustand des fibrohistiozytaren Systems bedingen kann. Die Fibrozyten wandeln sich dabei uber Fibrohistiozyten bis zu Histiozyten um. Die Histiozyten konnten am 4. Tage nach der einmaligen Injektion noch reichlich im Subkutangewebe vorgefunden. Erst gegen den 8. Tag kehrte das Zellbild zur Norm zuruck.

1. Intravenose Injektion der Akridinfarbstoffe ruft ziemlich starke Veranderungen im fibrohistiozytaren System hervor. Nach der Injektion wird das System 12 Stunden in Reizzustand versetzt und in 24 Stunden beginnt die Histiozytenbildung, um in 48 Stunden ihren Hohepunkt zu erreichen. Danach beginnen die Histiozyten sich wieder auszubreiten. Am 8. Tage befindet sich das Bindegewebe noch in gereiztem Zustand, allerdings leichten Grades. 2. Die Aktivierung des fibrohistiozytaren Systems beginnt erst gegen die Zeit des Hohepunktes der Farbstoffausscheidung in den Harn. Die lebhafte Histiozytenbildung kommt viel spater nach dem Entfarben des Harnes zum Vorschein. 3. Die Leukozyten und Monozyten, welche bei lokaler Reizung des Bindegewebes gewohnlich stark an Zahl zunehmen, vermehrten sich in unserem Versuch kaum, wodurch die Reizung durch die intravenose Injektion charakteriert werden kann.

Die oben erwahnten 4 Falle sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt. Die Kranken alle mannlich, wahrend das Lebensalter verschieden, Hereditat hat keinen Anteil. Aus dieser Tabelle folgt leicht, daB sich diese 4 Falle klinisch auf 2 Typen verteilen lassen konnen : beim einen ist der Verlauf subakut, Symptom heftiger, schlieBlich kommt es infolge von Atemlahmung zum Tod, beim anderen chronisch milder, zum Stillstand geneigt, gelegentlich zeigt sich ein Heilungsvorgang. Die ersten 2 Sterbefalle waren durch den subakuten Verlauf, die radikularen Schmerzen, die Landrysche Paralyse und keine Liquorveranderung gekennzeichnet, die ubrigen 2 dagegen durch den chronischen Verlauf, das motorische oder sensible Symptom, welches sich vorzugsweise am distalen Teil eines Beines zeigt, und die gelegentliche " dissociation albumino-cytologique " des Liquors. Obwohl bei diesen 4 Fallen besonders auf die Guillain-Barresche Form stark geachtet worden war, konnte kein solcher Fall gefunden werden. Guillain-Barre (1910) grenzten erstmals das Krankheitsbild der Polyradikuloneuritiden, als spezielles klinisches Syndrom, ab, wo sie auch in hetvorragender Weise die "dissociation albumino-cytologique " des Liquors und ihren guten Verlauf betonten. Kurz darauf wurden von anderen Autoren einige derartige Falle mitgeteilt, Marguilis (1927) sah dies als eine primare neurotrope Schadigung an. anatomisch als. Polyradikuloneuritiden bzw. Myeloradikuloneuritiden, atiologisch hochstwahrscheinlich als Viruserkrankung. Die Untersuchungen in der Folgezeit lenkten die Aufmerksamkeit in die Richtung der spinalen Ganglien. In einem Falle von akuter Ataxie, von Polyneulitis mit Beteiligung der Hirnnerven von Landry-scher Paralyse, oder von subakuter Pseudotabes wurde die Hauptlokalisation des Prozesses in den spinalen Ganglien geseheh. Allgemein hat sich darum heute wohl die Auffassung durchgesetzt, daB es sich um ein einheitliches Krankheitsbild handeln musse, da der klinische Verlauf kaum einen anderen SchluB zulasse. An Hand meiner Beobachtungen glaube ich mich von diesen Erwagun gen ausschlieBen zu mussen. Meines Erachtens besteht zwischen beiden Formen lediglich der Unterschied, daB im einen Fall der ProzeB vor Erreichung der lebenswichtigen Zentren stehen bleibt, im anderen sie ergreift. Die " dissociation albumino-cytologique " des Liquors, wie sie Guillain-Barre als typisch beschrieben haben, wurde nur in einem einzigen (Fall 3) von den insgesamt 4 Fallen wahrgenommen.

Trimebutine at low concentrations (6 X 10(-9)-1.4 X 10(-8) M) slightly enhanced the twitch response of isolated guinea pig ileum induced by transmural stimulation. At high concentrations (2 X 10(-8)-2 X 10(-7) M), however, it inhibited the twitch response in a dose dependent manner. This inhibitory effect of trimebutine was reversed by naloxone (8.1 X 10(-9) M). These results suggest that trimebutine has an opiate-like action on the myenteric plexus.

The extra-anatomical bypass formation and the exclusion of thoracic aortic aneurysms by the "paired clamp method" applied to the thoracic aorta of mongrel dogs, and the development of hind leg paralysis was studied experimentally in relation to the ratio between the mean excluded cavity pressure and the mean aortic pressure ratio (EA-ratio). The relationship between thrombus formation in the excluded cavity and the EA-ratio was also studied. Animals were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 underwent the cross-clamping of the descending thoracic aorta for 8 min; Group 2 underwent exclusion of the entire thoracic aorta under permanent bypass; Group 3 underwent ligation of 2/3 of the proximal intercostal arteries which branched from the excluded thoracic aorta; and Group 4 underwent division of the excluded thoracic aorta into 3 parts by ligation. No animals in group 1 developed paralysis. When EA-ratios were higher than 0.48, animals in groups 2 and 3 were not paralyzed, whereas all but 1 animals with EA-ratios lower than or equal to 0.48 were paralyzed. There was statistically significant difference between the EA-ratio of the non-paralyzed animals and that of the paralyzed animals in groups 2 and 3. Four out of 5 animals in group 4 were paralyzed. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the EA-ratio in these 4 paralyzed animals and that in the non-paralyzed animals in groups 2 and 3. When the EA-ratio was lower than or equal to 0.59, all but 1 excluded cavities of groups 2 and 3 animals were fully thrombosed 7 or 8 days after the operation. None of these animals showed the aggravation of the paralysis during the observation period and, conversely, the paralysis of almost all animals was ameliorated. These results suggested that the EA-ratio is useful in predicting the development of paralysis and thrombus formation in the excluded cavity after the operation of thoracic aortic aneurysms by the "paired clamp method".

In this paper we describe a patient with polycythemia vera (PV), who presented with hypercalcemia due to a parathyroid adenoma. In November 1999, the patient was admitted to our hospital with meteorism and constipation. Her physical examination revealed plethora and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory data revealed hyperparathyroidism in addition to PV: Rbc 8 x 10(6)/mm3, Hct 63.7%, serum calcium 13.4 mg/dl, serum phosphorus 1.2 mg/dl, albumin 4.25 mg/dl, and alkaline phophatase activity 433 U/l. Intact Parathyroid Hormone level (iPTH) was 376 pg/ml (n.v.12-72 pg/ml). Twenty-four hour urinary calcium excretion was higher than normal (900 mg). A parathyroid adenoma was detected with Tc-99m sesta-MIBI scanning under the left lobe of the thyroid gland and an ultrasonographic examination of the neck also supported the diagnosis. The patient was recommended for surgery. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Postoperatively, iPTH dropped to 53.4 pg/ml at the 15 th minute and to 33.5 pg/ml at the first hour. The calcium level was 7.5 mg/dl one hour after the operation. Five days later, Hct was 40.8%. This case represents a rare association between PV and primary hyperparathyroidism, and may provide evidence for a causal link between PTH and polycythemia vera in our patient. In conclusion, this case indicates that the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia and polycythemia vera should also include the possibility of a parathyroid tumor in addition to malignancy.

1) Cerebellar convulsion was identical with the cerebral cortical epileptic convulsion and the number of cases in which the march of spasm was observed were quite the same as that of cases in which convulsion occurred at the same time on the whole body. 2) No convulsion occurred by stimulation of the vermis cerebellaris and also convulsions occurred very rarely by that of the cerebellar nuclei. 3) In cases having the march of spasm caused by stimulation of the lobus lunatus anterior, spasm began in the fore limb, while by stimulation of the lobus lunatus inferior and lobus semilunaris spasm started mainly in the hind limb on the side of stimulation. 4) In the case of stimulation of cerebellum, the pathway of the impulse to the opposite side was considered to be the communication between both cerebellar hemispheres and both thalami and thus the march of spasm spread from one side of the body to the other side. 5) No march of cerebellar epileptic convulsion occurred without the cerebral motor cortex. 6) After the removal of both sides of the cerebral motor cortex no march occurred, but the general convulsion occurred. 7) No convulsion occurred by stimulation of the cerebellar hemisphere after the removal of both thalami or both nuclei lenticulares. 8) The march of convulsion occurs by close cooperation of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. It seems that for the impulse of the convulsion the extrapyramidal tract plays an important role, while for the start of the convulsion, that is, march of spasm pyramidal tract plays the main role.

1. The descending fi bers from the areas 8 and 6 aβ reaching the lateral and ventral nuclei of the homolateral thalamus are recognized. They are considered to be the conduction pathways of the adversive movements caused by the stimulations on the areas 8 and 6 aβ. 2. The descending fibers from the areas 5, 7, 19 and 22 reaching the head and the tail of the homolateral caudate nucleus are revealed. These fibers are considered to be the conduction pathways of the adversive movement caused by the stimulation on these areas. Moreover, the descending fibers from the areas 7, 19 and 22 reaching the homolateral superior colliculus are recognized. These fibers are also considered to participate in the adversive movement. 3. The fibers from the lateral and ventral nuclei of the thalamus reaching the homolateral superior colliculus, Cajal's interstitial nucleus and reticular formation of the mesencephalon are observed. These fibers are considered to be the conduction pathways of the adversive movement from the thalamus. 4. The caudate nucleus and the lenticular nucleus are connected closely by the numerous fiber bundles crossing the internal capsule. 5. The fibers from the lenticular nucleus which participate in the adversive movements descend through the lenticular fasciculus, Forel's field, the comb-fibers in the cerebral peduncle, substantia nigra and medial lemniscus, and then reach the stratum lemnisci et profundum of the homolateral superior colliculus, Cajal's interstitial nucleus, Darkschewitsch's nucleus, Westphal-Edinger's nucleus, oculomotor nucleus and trochlear nucleus. 6. The tectobulbar tracts from the superior colliculus joined with the both oculomotors, contralateral trochlear, abducens, facial and accessory nuclei, thus they are considered to take part in the adversive movement. 7. The ascending fibers from the dentate nucleus pass through the homolateral brachium conjunctivum and reach the contralateral trochlear and oculomotor nuclei, superior colliculus and the lateral and ventral nuclei of the contralateral thalamus. These ascending fibers are considered to be the conduction pathways of the adversive movement from the cerebellum.

The effects of thimerosal, a sulfhydryl oxidizing agent on nitrergic, endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations were investigated to examine the possibility that the nitrergic neurotransmitter and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) could be S-nitrosothiol or free nitric oxide (NO) in the isolated mouse corpus cavernosum. Thimerosal (5 x 10(-6)-2 x 10(-5) M) inhibited or almost abolished electrical field stimulation--(EFS, 30V, 0.5 ms, 15 sec, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz), acetylcholine--(ACh, 5 x 10(-8)-1.25 x 10(-6) M), glyceryl trinitrate--(GTN, 3 x 10(-7)-3 x 10(-6) M), and S-nitrosoglutathione--(GSNO, 5 x 10(-6)-1.25 x 10(-4) M) induced relaxations. Thiomerosal inhibition seems to be specific to L-arginine NO pathways since it had no effect on acidified sodium nitrite--(10(-4)-5 x 10(-4) M), photoactivated sodium nitrite--(2 x 10(-4) M), isoprenaline--(10(-6) M), or papaverine--(10(-4) M) elicited relaxations. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of thimerosal on the nitrergic, ACh- or GTN-induced relaxations were partly reversed by sulfhydryl-containing compounds, L-cysteine (10(-3) M), dithiothreitol (10(-3) M), or glutathione (10(-3) M). However L-methionine (10(-3) M), which contains a methyl group on the sulphur atom, failed to restore the thimerosal inhibition. Thimerosal did not change the contraction produced by 10(-4) M NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. These findings indicate that the nitrergic neurotransmitter as well as EDRF may not be free NO but NO-transferring molecules, probably S-nitrosothiols, in the mouse corpus cavernosum.