Informa UK LimitedActa Medica Okayama0020-739X2026Triangulation in teaching probability: teaching materials for the theoretical foundations of probability in real-world applicationsENYusukeUegataniHiroshima University High SchoolIppoIshibashiFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityAyaSakotaHiroshima University High SchoolThis paper proposes using the concept of triangulation with probabilistic models as a means to enhance theoretical inversion for deepening students’ understanding of the nature of probability in real-world contexts. Triangulation refers to the combined application of multiple methodologies to investigate the same phenomenon, particularly in the social sciences. Theoretical inversion refers to a shift in focus from surprising outcomes to the theoretical foundations of probability. The paper introduces three types of problem-solving tasks designed to enhance one of four types of triangulations: theory triangulation. Theoretical inversion is expected to emerge through engaging in these tasks. The characteristics of the problems are as follows. Problem 1 promotes students to compare different probabilistic models of events under similar procedures. Problem 2 provides students with an opportunity to simplify an experiment by omitting steps that add no new information. Problem 3 enhances students’ ability to recognise how subtle differences in the experimental setup can affect the resulting probability. These tasks are designed to encourage students to view probabilistic reasoning as a form of modelling and to appreciate the importance of assumptions, definitions of elementary events, and clarity in procedural descriptions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026裏表紙・英文目次ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026奥付ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センター原稿執筆要領ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターの活動状況の概要ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026スクールカウンセラーは発達支持的生徒指導へいかに貢献できるか ―プランニングシートの活用を通した支援の拡充に向けた検討―253266ENNoriyukiHARARyoMISAWATazukoAOKI10.18926/CTED/70373 2022年に改訂された「生徒指導提要」では，すべての児童生徒の成長を支援する発達支持的生徒指導の重要性が明確に示されている。しかし，その定着には，教員の多忙化や組織的支援体制の不十分さなど，学校現場における多くの課題が指摘されている。さらに，スクールカウンセラー（SC）による支援も十分に展開されているとは言い難い。そこで本稿では，発達支持的生徒指導におけるSCの支援の拡充可能性を検討するため，現状と課題を整理した。また，プランニングシートを活用した実践事例（原他, 2024）の再分析を通して，SCと学校が教育目標を共有しながら協働的に支援を計画する枠組みの有用性を吟味した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026特別支援教育への哲学的思考導入についての予備的考察 持続・生成変化・回折の考え方に基づく方法的枠組みの試案237251ENYoHAMADAOkayama Prefectural Okayama Seto Special Needs SchoolMiyukiTAKANOHyogo University of Teacher EducationSatoruSATOFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70372 本稿は，現代の特別支援教育の課題から，特別支援教育実践に哲学的思考を導入するための理論的・方法的検討を行うものである。まず，理論基盤として，ベルクソンの「記憶理論」，ドゥルーズ＆ガタリの「生成変化の哲学」，Baradの「回折的方法論」，Blomの「回折的エスノグラフィー」について概説した。そして，理論基盤を基に方法的枠組みとして，「物質－言説的実践」，「持続」，「生成変化」の三つの視点を教育実践を読み解くための相互補完的な分析視点として採用することを提案した。これらの視点は，ポスト質的研究として，出来事を関係的・過程的に捉えることを可能にするものである。今後の課題として，三つのレンズ間の理論的整理，回折的方法論と回折的エスノグラフィーの差異化，および複数の実践エピソードを接続して描くための分析手法の精緻化が挙げられた。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026大学院共通科目『リーダーシップとSDGs』の教育モデル構築と成果分析 理論学習・ピアレビュー・省察活動によるリーダーシップ教育の新展開221235ENMamoruISHIDAFaculty of General Education and Global Studies, Okayama UniversityShinichiOTSUNEGraduate student, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTakuyaNAKAZAWAGraduate student, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70371 岡山大学大学院では、博士課程人材のリーダーシップ育成に向け、共通科目『リーダーシップとSDGs』を設計・実践している。本科目はSDGsに貢献するリーダー育成に主眼を置き、理論学習・ピアレビュー・省察・グループディスカッション等の手法を組み合わせ、学生同士の学び合い・自己成長の促進を目的としている。本稿では、学部・研究科ごとに学習成果を分析し、理論に基づく省察的学びと協働的な批評活動がリーダーシップ理解や成長に有用であることを明らかにした。本研究は、学術的理論と実践的活動を織り交ぜたモデル構築と、その継続的改善の意義を示している。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026知的障害高等特別支援学校における SWPBS 第１層支援 ―キャンペーン方式の導入とその効果―205219ENHideakiTOKIMITSUGraduate School of Education (Professional Degree Course), Okayama UniversityYoshioMIYAZAKIFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityMadokaKOYAMAKurashiki Kotoura Special Needs Seni or High School, Okayama Prefecture10.18926/CTED/70370 本研究は，軽度知的障害のある後期中等教育段階の公立知的障害高等特別支援学校において，SWPBS 第1層支援としてキャンペーン方式の支援を実施し，その効果検証を行った。方法としては，Ｘ学年生徒24名に対して挨拶行動の促進を狙ったキャンペーンを実施し，目標行動の生起数についてABフォローアップデザインを用いて検討した。また，Ｘ学年教員6名に対し，社会的妥当性を評価するアンケートを実施した。その結果，キャンペーンの介入直後に目標行動の生起数および目標行動に従事した生徒の割合の増加が見られ，キャンペーン終了後もベースラインと比較した増加が一定期間確認された。また，一定程度の社会的妥当性も確認できた。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026町づくりを考える実践事例の検討 ―総合的な学習の時間を通じた中学生の意識変化に着目して―191203ENAkemiKAMADAAnan City Anan First Junior High SchoolKazuakiKAJIIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70369 本研究は，中学校総合的な学習の時間における町づくりにおいて，他者との協働や相互作用を通じて町づくりを構想し，実践の結果生じた学習者の変化からその効果を明らかにすることを目的としている。また，対話的な学びで重視される他者との相互作用を，中学校の実践に落とし込み，そのあり方についても検討する。本実践のねらいは，多様な視点から町の将来の姿やあり方を人との関わりについて読み解き，持続可能な町のあり方について自分事に引き寄せて考えることで，町に対する意識の変化を促すことにある。実践の結果，学習者の町に対する見方や考え方の意識変化が引き起こされ，町づくりの持つ地域課題について自分事に引き寄せて思考することができた。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026「生命の尊さ」の自作教材を活用した小学校道徳科授業の実践と課題181190ENShinjiYOSHIKAWATsurajimakita Elementary SchoolTsuguyukiIZUMIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70368 本研究では，内容項目「生命の尊さ」に関する自作教材を開発し，授業を実施することによって，子どもが「生命の尊さ」を自分との関わりで深く考えることができるかについて検証した。成果として，自作教材の活用によって子どもが教材の登場人物に共感し，「生命の尊さ」の道徳的価値を自分との関わりで深く考える様子が確認できた。一方，課題として，自作教材へ込めた思いの強さから，子どもが授業者の意図を組みながら発言する姿が見られ，意図せず子どもの発言を方向付けた可能性が示された。最後に，子ども中心の授業の実現に向けて，実践と省察の往還の必要性について議論した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026立憲主義に対する認識の改善を目指した高等学校公民科の授業開発研究 ―米国公民教育センター開発『我ら合衆国人民』を手がかりにして―167180ENToshinoriKUWABARAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityAyuhaMIYAMOTOGraduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70367 本研究は、憲法理解の基本としての立憲主義に対する認識形成を目標とする、高等学校公民科で実践可能な授業の開発を目指したものである。従来の日本の社会科教育においては、憲法理解は日本国憲法の基本原則である国民主権、基本的人権の尊重、平和主義の理解を基本としていたが、近年、そもそも憲法とは何かを理解させるために、立憲主義の概念が注目されるようになり、教科書にも記述されている。本研究は、そのような立憲主義という概念について生徒に適切に理解させることを目指した授業の提案をしようとするものである。授業計画作成にあたっては、米国の公民教育センターが開発し、長年活用されている『我ら合衆国人民（原題 We the People）』を参照し、その一部を活用し、米国の歴史的背景に基づいて作られた教材を、日本の文脈にそって改変した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026刑法の意義を捉えさせる社会科における法教育実践の方法 ―模擬裁判を取り入れた中学校社会科の授業開発を通して―153165ENAyuhaMIYAMOTOGraduate School of Human ities and So cial Sciences, Okayama UniversityToshinoriKUWABARAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70366 本研究は、刑法の理解に焦点をあて、模擬裁判を取り入れた中学校社会科の授業開発を行なおうとするものである。日本の社会科における法教育は、従来から憲法学習が中心となっており、その他の法律について学ぶ機会は非常に少ない。そのような現状を踏まえて、近年、民法や刑法などを取り上げた法教育の授業開発が行われるようになった。その一方で、裁判員制度導入以降、模擬裁判を取り入れた社会科授業の開発・実践がよく見られるようになっており、刑事事件が社会科授業で取り上げられることも珍しくはなくなった。しかし、そのような授業を担当する教員に、刑法等に関する知識が十分ではなく、模擬裁判の内容と実際の裁判が乖離しているという課題もある。本研究では、従来の模擬裁判を取り入れた授業の特質と課題を検討したうえで、刑法の意義を捉えさせる中学校社会科の授業開発を目指す。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026初任保育教諭の語りに見る園児の在園時間の違いによる実践上の課題139152ENKazuyaHASUIFaculty of Health and Welfare， Kawasaki University of Medical WelfareMikaKATAYAMAFaculty of Education, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70365 本論では，幼保連携型認定こども園の特徴である園児の在園時間の違いに焦点を当て，初任保育教諭への面接調査により実践上の課題と対応について検討した。その結果，保育教諭が８つの課題を認識していることが明らかになった。また，『幼保連携型認定こども園教育・保育要領』に記述されている「遊びの連続性を保障する保育の展開」に関する課題に加えて，記述されていない「多様な在園時間や生活形態を考慮した園児理解」に関する新たな課題が見出された。認定区分による在園時間の違いは園生活における時間的スケジュールや場所，集団の違いを余儀なくされる。そのため，保育教諭が設定するねらいに基づいた園生活で何を共通経験とすべき内容として設定し，何を経験差として活かし，どのような保育を実践するか明確にすべく，これまで認定こども園で積み重ねられてきた好実践例を集積・整理し，指標を明示することが今後の課題である。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026吹奏楽活動の地域展開における市民吹奏楽団の関わりに関する研究 ―市民吹奏楽団は地域展開の担い手になり得るか―123137ENKunihikoMAKINOCenter for Teacher Education and Development、Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70364 吹奏楽活動の地域展開（以下、地域展開）において、指導者や活動場所の不足は喫緊の課題である。本研究は、地域展開が進む中で、市民吹奏楽団が地域の子ども達の吹奏楽活動を支える担い手となり得るかを調査・検討した。岡山県内の市民吹奏楽団20 団体への聞き取り調査とテキストマイニング分析の結果、地域展開への意識には差がみられ、積極的な団体では子ども達の演奏指導や合同での活動を肯定的に捉える傾向が確認された。一方で、指導技術や時間的制約、責任負担への不安が障壁となっている可能性が示唆された。また、市民吹奏楽団が抱える活動場所や財政的な課題に対して公立学校施設の活用がその解決に寄与し得る可能性が示唆された。一方で、公立学校の施設開放については、実際の制度運用において自治体間の格差が存在することが明らかとなった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026日韓の音楽文化交流を通した中学校音楽科におけるグローバル・シティズンシップ教育の構想 ―APCEIUでのインターンシップにおける調査の成果に基づいて―107121ENHikariKONISHIGraduate School of EducationToshinoriKUWABARAFaculty of EducationYumiKONISHIGraduate School of Education10.18926/CTED/70363 本論文は、中学校音楽科において、日本と韓国の音楽文化を取り上げて、互いの文化の違いや共通性を捉えさせたうえで相互理解を促進する、グルーバル・シティズンシップ教育（以下、GCED と表記）プログラムを構想しようとするものである。プログラムの構想の際には、筆者である小西が、韓国のソウルのAPCEIU（アジア太平洋国際理解教育センター）で行なった約一か月間のインターンシップの間の実地調査で把握した、韓国で展開されているGCED の方法を参考にした。開発プログラムでは、日韓両国の打楽器を取り上げて、その比較から互いの文化の違いを捉えさせたうえで、違いを受け入れながら、それぞれの国の音楽文化の根底にある歴史的背景に気づかせたうえで、文化の多様性や両国の文化の固有の価値に対する理解を深めることを目指した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026地域社会とグローバルをつなぐ和楽器音楽次世代育成の実践研究（３） 小中学生の質問紙調査に見る「異文化間能力」育成の可能性91105ENRinkoHAYAKAWAOkayama UniversityYukoBEPPUKurashiki City CollegeMihoYAMAJIPart-time Lecturer at Okayama UniversityYokoHANAKUSAResearch Student at the Joint Graduate School in Science of School Education Hyogo University of Teacher EducationNorikoTAKESHITABiwako-Gakuin UniversityHiromiTAKASUOkayama UniversityKeikoMIYOSHIResearch Student at the Joint Graduate School in Science of School Education Hyogo University of Teacher EducationNaokoSHIMIZUDoctoral Student at the Joint Graduate School in Science of School Education Hyogo University of Teacher EducationChihiroTOSAYamaha CorporationAiNAKAMURA Doctoral Student at the Joint Graduate School in Science of School Education Hyogo University of Teacher EducationAkiHIGUCHIOkayama Prefectural School for the Deaf10.18926/CTED/70362 本研究は，「おかやま国際和楽器学生フェスティバル」の実践における，異文化間能力育成の可能性について，参加した小中学生の質問紙調査結果から検討した。<br>
その結果，１）体験を通して形成された新たな認識により，和楽器音楽文化と自己との関係性を再認識・再構築し，和楽器音楽文化への積極的な関与を示す価値づけ・意味づけが行われ，内在化が促されたこと，２）越境文化としての和楽器音楽文化に対して，開放的・尊重的態度を示していたが，自己の文化的アイデンティティを意識する契機となったこと，３）和楽器音楽の共有を通して生じた共感の上に，相互理解や協働関係が構築されていたこと，４）「文化の共有の可能性についての認識」が形成されるなど，フェスティバルでの経験が，文化観の形成に影響を与える契機となっていたこと，が明らかになった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026ドイツ付近の夏の気候とシューベルトの歌曲《春に》 異質な他者との出会いを促す大学での学際的授業の報告7589ENKuranoshinKATOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityIsaoNAGAOKAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityHarukoKATOFaculty of Education, Gufu Shotoku Gakuen University (Former affiliation)10.18926/CTED/70361 「異質な他者」への出会いを促す授業例の更なる蓄積のため，ドイツ付近の「夏」の気候と季節感に注目した教科横断的な授業を大学で実践した。授業では，ドイツ付近の気候と季節サイクルの中での「夏」の特徴を把握すると共に，シューベルトの歌曲《春に》を鑑賞した。《春に》の3 番の「夏の間じゅう，ずっと」という歌詞で歌われている情景や情感が，ドイツ付近と日本付近を想定した場合にどう違い得るか，に関する受講生の記述を分析した。その結果，日本の夏の高温多湿な環境からは原詩の情感そのものが成立し難いと感じた学生もいるなど，本実践は，自分たちの「当たり前」とは異なる気候や季節感にも目を向ける機会になり得たといえる。一方，日本とはかなり違う気候背景の中でシューベルトが思い描いたであろう情景・心情に授業で深く迫るための，音楽表現自体への踏み込み方についても，今後検討する必要性が示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026中学生を対象としたサッカー試合中の身体活動量に関する研究 ～ポジションと身体・体力特性に着目して～6173ENTakaakiNATSUMEDAGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityMinoruADACHIOkayama University Graduate School of Education10.18926/CTED/70360 中学生34人を対象とし，身体・体力特性とサッカー試合中の身体活動量について，ポジションに着目して比較・検討した．その結果，身体・体力特性についてはポジション間に有意な差は認められなかった．歩数ではポジション間で有意差が認められ，ライトサイドバックが少なく，センターミッドフィルダーが高かった．強度別身体活動量時間の割合ではポジション間で有意差が認められ，ライトサイドバックが低く，センターミッドフィルダーが高かった．以上のことから，本研究の対象中学生ではポジション間で身体・体力特性には有意差が認められないが，サッカー試合中の身体活動量ではポジション間で差が生じることが示唆された．No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026小学生の学校生活における身体活動量と体力に関する研究4559ENJinYASUNOBEGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityKensakuSASAYAMAFaculty of Education, Mie UniversityMinoruADACHIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70359 本研究の目的は，小学校6年生の学校生活における活動場面別の身体活動量を加速度計を用いて客観的に測定し，その体力との関係を検討することである．対象は小学校児童85名(男子41名，女子44名)とし，休み時間，体育授業，学校生活全体における歩数と強度別活動時間を評価した．その結果，男女ともに体力上位群は休み時間において歩数とMVPAが多い傾向が示され，特に男子は中休み，女子は昼休みおよび体育授業で有意差が認められた．各活動場面のMVPA が占める割合は休み時間11.3％，体育授業15.7％であり，諸外国と比較して少なく，国際的推奨値にも届かなかった．本研究は，小学校における身体活動量の基礎データを提示するとともに，学校生活，特に休み時間や体育授業における身体活動機会の充実が必要であることを示唆した．No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026凸レンズの像の左右理解に関する混乱の要因分析 教科書分析と教員アンケートによる探究的な学びへの提案3144ENKunihikoTANIMOTOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYoshihikoINADAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70358 本研究は、中学校理科の凸レンズ学習で生徒が像の向きに抱く混乱に着目した。その要因を、光源・スクリーン・観察場所といった実験条件が十分に意識されてこなかった点にあると考察し、学習指導要領と教科書の変遷分析、および現職教員へのアンケート調査を実施した。その結果、教科書の記述は観察場所を指定する方向へ変化しているものの、現場教員の指導法にはばらつきがあり、生徒の混乱を招く一因となっていることを明らかにした。これらの課題解決のため、観察視点を自然に固定できる3D プリンタ製教材を開発し、教員研修でその有効性を検討した。本教材は生徒の直感的理解を促し、探究的な学びを引き出す上で有効であることが示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026説明的文章の指導における「内省」を促す批判的読み ―高等学校１年生を対象として―1529ENYumiSAISHOGraduate School of Education (Professional Degree Corse), Okayama UniversityMasafumiIKEDAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70357 批判的読みは，現代では欠かせない能力であり，学習指導要領にも明記されている。近年，批判的読みの指導に関する研究がなされているものの，内容的な価値の検討や社会的な文脈のなかで捉えることが希薄だとする指摘や，「反省性」という観点に着目した批判的読みを求める声もある。そこで，本稿では，文章そのものを批判的に読むだけでなく，自身の持っている考えをも批判的に捉える（内省する）ことを促す授業を開発した。その手立てとして，複数の社会認識が存在する二つの教材の読み比べたうえで，対立する立場からの意見交換を行うことや，教材に対する評価の記述，その記述（自己の読み）を学習者自身が評価するといった活動を取り入れた。学習者の記述の分析からは，意識的な内省に至らなかった学習者も見受けられたものの，約６割の学習者の記述には変容が見られ，用いた手立ては効果があったと推測できることを指摘した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026外国人幼児の就学支援における保育士の工夫と実践的課題113ENYiwenCHENThe Joint Graduate School (Ph.D. Program) in Science of School Education, Hyogo University of Teacher, Hyogo University of Teacher EducationKazukiYANAGISAWAGraduate School of Education, Okayama University XinyuRENGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityMunehisaYOSHITOSHIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/CTED/70356 本研究は，外国人幼児が就学期に直面する困難に対応するため，保育士が行っている具体的な保育実践における支援の工夫と課題を明らかにすることを目的とした。外国人幼児の支援経験を有する保育士2 名に半構造化インタビューを行い，SCAT を用いた質的分析により，幼児および保護者への支援内容を整理した。その結果，言語面では視覚的支援ややさしい日本語を活用し，文化面では家庭文化と日本の園文化の調整が行われていた。発達支援においては，非認知的スキルの育成や医療機関との連携の必要性が指摘された。保護者支援では，参加型の関わりや丁寧な説明が実践されていたが，制度情報の提供や行政との連携には課題が残された。これらの結果を踏まえ，今後は保育士の個別的努力に依存しないためにも，多文化背景をもつ家庭への支援を制度的に支える地域連携体制の整備や，情報提供の標準化，日本語教育資源との接続を図る実践的仕組みの構築が求められる。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026表紙・目次ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センターActa Medica Okayama2186-1323162026岡山大学教育推進機構 教師教育開発センター紀要 第16号 全文（一括ダウンロード用）ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama0309-01672026Clinicopathological and transcriptomic profiles of 101 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/high-grade B-cell lymphoma with double-hit MYC and BCL2 or BCL6 and triple hitENMasashiMiyaokaDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityJoaquimCarrerasDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityYara YukieKikutiDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityHarukaIkomaDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityShunsukeNagaseDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityAtsushiItoDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine Tokai University Isehara JapanMakotoOritaDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityHiroshiKawadaDepartment of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityRikaSakaiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer CenterYasuharuSatoDepartment of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health SciencesMidori FilizNishimuraDepartment of Molecular Hematopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health SciencesKunihiroTsukasakiDepartment of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical UniversityShujiMomoseDepartment of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical UniversityYoshihiroKameokaDepartment of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of MedicineMasahiroYoshidaDepartment of Hematology, Osaka City General HospitalAkiraSatouDepartment of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University HospitalSeiichiKatoCenter for Clinical Pathology, Fujita Health University HospitalNaokiOishiDepartment of Pathology, University of YamanashiAkioSaitoDepartment of Hematology, NHO Shibukawa Medical CenterKenSadahiraDivision of Hematology, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki HospitalYoheiMasugiDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityNaoyaNakamuraDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityAims: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/high-grade B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL/HGBCL) with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (double-hit lymphoma with BCL2, DHL-BCL2) is a mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma that also includes concurrent triple hit with BCL6 translocation (TH). DHL with MYC and BCL6 (DH-BCL6) can also occur. The differences among these three DLBCL/HGBCL subtypes have not yet been definitively determined.<br>
Methods and Results: This study characterized the clinicopathological features and transcriptomic profiles of a series of 101 cases of DLBCL/HGBCL that were subclassified according to MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 FISH data, including cell-of-origin (COO)-like, molecular high-grade (MHG)-like and double-hit/dark-zone (DHIT/DZsig)-like signatures. DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL2 was characterized by higher HGBCL morphology, CD10 positivity, GCB Hans's, GCB COO and MHG molecular subtype. DLBCL/HGBCL-TH had higher LDH levels and worse overall survival. DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL6 had higher MUM1 expression, non-GCB Hans', ABC/Unclassified COO, non-MHG and low DHIT/DZ signatures. Transcriptomic analysis showed that DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL2 and DLBCL/HGBCL-TH were close but separated from DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL6. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed different levels of enrichment between the subtypes.<br>
Conclusions: DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL6 differs from the DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL2, and the DLBCL/HGBCL-TH is associated with the worst survival. Analysis of all three genes of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 is recommended in the context of DLBCL/HGBCL diagnosis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama2688-4046632026PPy‐Coated Wire Actuators for the Micromechanostimulation of Cells: Fabrication and Characterizatione202500639ENAmaia B.Ortega‐SantosSensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping UniversitySatoruHayanoDepartment of Orthodontics, Okayama University HospitalEmilio SatoshiHaraAdvanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Dental School, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJose G.MartínezSensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping UniversityHiroshiKamiokaDepartment of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesEdwin W. H.JagerSensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping UniversityCellular mechanotransduction signals play a crucial role in physiological and pathological conditions, including skeletal disorders. Although various systems exist to mechanically stimulate cultured cells, most are constrained by incubator incompatibility, limited physiological relevance, nonuniform stimulation, or complexity. The objective of this article is to develop and validate a compact, incubator-compatible tool capable of delivering localized and physiologically relevant mechanical stimulation to small cell populations. Here, we introduce a polypyrrole-based wire-shaped microactuator designed to induce localized mechanical stress to adjacent cells. These wire-shaped microactuators are biocompatible, easy-to-use, and compact for use within standard in vitro cell culture systems. Using a noncontact optical method, we characterize the actuation of polypyrrole-coated wires in an aqueous NaDBS electrolyte, showing radial expansion of 1.5–8 µm depending on the deposited polypyrrole film thickness, comparable to cellular dimensions. Next, the actuation is confirmed to be robust and stable to use in cell culture media at physiological temperature. To evaluate biological relevance, osteoblastic KUSA-A1 cells are mechanically stimulated inside the incubator and transcriptomic changes are assessed. Mechanical stimulation resulted in upregulation of genes previously associated with mechanotransduction, including Fos and Fosb. Additionally, several uncharacterized long noncoding RNAs are differentially expressed, suggesting potential novel players in the mechanotransduction pathway.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama2410-387X942025Role-Based Efficient Proactive Secret Sharing with User Revocation80ENYixuanHeGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYutaKoderaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYasuyukiNogamiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversitySamsulHudaInterdisciplinary Education and Research Field, Okayama UniversityProactive secret sharing (PSS), an extension of secret-sharing schemes, safeguards sensitive data in dynamic distributed networks by periodically refreshing shares to counter adversarial attacks. In our previous work, we constructed a non-interactive proactive secret scheme by integrating threshold homomorphic encryption (ThHE) while reducing the communication complexity to 𝑂(𝑛). Not only is refreshing shares important but revoking the shares of users who have left the system is also essential in practical dynamic membership scenarios. However, the previous work was insufficient for supporting explicit user revocation. This study strengthens the description of roles for authorized users and proposes a scheme to achieve non-interactive share refresh and dynamic user management. In each epoch, authorized users are classified into three roles: retain, newly join, and rejoin, and they receive a broadcast of the compact ciphertext encoding both the refresh information and the revocation instructions from the trusted center (dealer). Authorized users independently derive new shares through homomorphic computations, whereas revoked users are unable to generate new shares. Hash functions are used to bind revocation parameters to the cryptographic hashes of valid users in order to guarantee integrity during revocation, allowing for effective verification without compromising non-interactivity. Our new scheme not only extends the revocation structure but also preserves the 𝑂(𝑛) communication complexity.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama1424-822025212025Integrated Authentication Server Design for Efficient Kerberos–Blockchain VANET Authentication6651ENMayaRahayuGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityMd. BiplobHossainGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversitySamsulHudaInterdisciplinary Education and Research Field, Okayama UniversityYasuyukiNogamiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityVehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a fundamental component of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS), providing critical road information to users. However, the volatility of VANETs creates significant vulnerabilities from malicious actors. Thus, verifying joining entities is crucial to maintaining the VANET’s communication security. Authentication delays must stay below 100 ms to meet VANET requirements, posing a major challenge for security. Our previous research introduced a Kerberos–Blockchain (KBC) authentication system that contains two main components separately: Authentication Server (AS) and Ticket Granting Server (TGS). However, this KBC architecture required an additional server to accommodate increasing vehicle volumes in urban environments, leading to higher infrastructure costs. This paper presents an integrated authentication server that merges AS and TGS into a Combined Server (CBS) while retaining blockchain security. We evaluate it using OMNeT++ with SUMO for traffic simulation and Ganache for blockchain implementation. Results show that CBS removes the need for an extra server while keeping authentication delays under 100 ms. It also improves throughput by 104% and reduces signaling overhead by 45% compared to KBC. By optimizing authentication without compromising security, the integrated server greatly enhances the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of VANET systems.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.BON VIEW PUBLISHING PTEActa Medica Okayama2810-9503512025A Study on Zeek IDS Effectiveness for Cybersecurity in Agricultural IoT Networks133142ENSamsulHudaInterdisciplinary Education and Research Field, Okayama UniversityMuhammad BisriMusthafaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityS. M.ShamimGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYasuyukiNogamiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityAs agriculture moves toward Agriculture 4.0, which uses Internet of Things (IoT) devices to collect data in real time and monitor things from a distance, these networks are becoming increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks. A common method used to protect against these kinds of threats is the use of intrusion detection systems (IDS). However, the agricultural environment is often changing and has limited resources, which makes cybersecurity challenging. Several available IDS tools are not designed to work properly in places with few resources, intermittent access, and unpredictable network conditions. This paper investigates the performance of Zeek, an open-source IDS, in identifying potential threats in agricultural IoT networks. We performed both offline and real-time experiments: offline analysis used pcap files from the Stratosphere Laboratory dataset, and real-time evaluation involved simulated live attack scenarios, focusing on unauthorized access attempts and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Zeek's performance was assessed based on CPU and memory utilization, as well as quality of service (QoS) metrics. From the experimental results, we found that Zeek was quite effective in protecting agricultural IoT networks against typical threats. Memory usage remained stable around 5% during offline analysis and under 20% during active attacks. However, CPU usage was more volatile, peaking at 120% during DDoS events. In terms of QoS, the system maintained a good throughput (1,375 kbits/s) with minimal packet loss (0.000186%). Among the attack types that we tested, brute force attacks, which represent attempts at unauthorized access, had the strongest effect on network performance, increasing delay to 2.159 ms and jitter to 0.793 ms. It seems clear that a heavier traffic load during such attacks can interfere with QoS. On the basis of our observation, we recommend practical deployment strategies for agricultural IoT systems that take these limitations into consideration, aiming to keep networks both secure and efficient under pressure.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育学部国語研究会Acta Medica Okayama2189-5414402026枡野浩一『石川くん』に学ぶ韻文の書き換え ―文法と語彙の選択がもたらす表現の対照性―(37)(47)ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育学部国語研究会Acta Medica Okayama2189-5414402026訓読漢詩の音読について ―音読台本のすすめ―(1)(12)ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japan Society of Mechanical EngineersActa Medica Okayama1880-55582012025Numerical analysis validating the standard k-epsilon model for the kinetic energy of turbulence subjected to weak but long-lasting wind tunnel blockage accelerationJFST0004ENAkiraONOGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHirokiSUZUKIGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityToshinoriKOUCHIGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKentoTANAKAGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of weak but prolonged mean flow accelerations, such as those observed in wind tunnel blockage acceleration, on free-stream turbulence. Specifically, this research aims to validate a model previously developed based on the k-epsilon model. To test this model, the study focuses on scenarios where the turbulence under acceleration is steady and isotropic, since the model suggests that this type of acceleration has no effect on the turbulent kinetic energy. To examine this suggestion, the turbulence within a periodic box was analyzed using large-eddy simulation (LES) based on the conventional Smagorinsky model framework. The numerical analysis is based on a method that conserves velocity fluctuation intensities. The results show that while high rate of acceleration deviates turbulent kinetic energy, low rate acceleration has hardly any effect on turbulent kinetic energy, enstrophy, pressure fluctuation, relative pressure fluctuation intensity, and higher-order statistics of a velocity fluctuation. These results validate the accuracy of the model proposed in the previous studies. These results were obtained by focusing on differences in Reynolds numbers and the spatial scale of the forcing.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学科Acta Medica Okayama1340-741432120262018年7月5日〜7日の西日本豪雨における広域降水特性3344ENKuranoshinKATOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityKengoMATSUMOTOOkayama Gakugeikan High SchoolKazuoOTANITV Setouchi Broadcasting Co., LTD.10.18926/ESR/70297 Large-scale rainfall characteristics at the heavy rainfall event around the western Japan for 5–7 July 2018 were analyzed with use of the 10-mimute precipitation data at the surface meteorological observation stations of the Japan Meteorological Agency, and so on. In this case, the area with 3 days total precipitation of near or more than 300 mm was distributed widely from northern Kyushu to Shiga and Fukui Prefectures. As in the many heavy rainfall events around Kyushu District in the mature stage of the Baiu season, contribution of the intense rainfall with more than 4 mm/10-minute (24 mm/h) attained about one third of the areal mean total precipitation. However, it is noted that the "not so intense rain" with less than 2 mm/10-minute (12 mm/h) also contributed to about one third of the huge total precipitation in the wide area. In short, this case could be characterized by the mixture of the western Japan type heavy rainfall event and the eastern Japan type one.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学理学部地球科学科Acta Medica Okayama1340-7414321202610分間降水量から大雨の特徴の多様性を捉える大学での授業の試み（防災気象リテラシー育成へ向けて）2131ENKuranoshinKATOFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/ESR/70296 In the disaster prevention education on the heavy rainfall around Japan, it is also important to promote the meteorological literacy on the seasonal and regional differences of their rainfall characteristics such as the convective rain or stratiform rain, together with their total amount of precipitation and their occurrence frequency. As the first step toward the above purpose, the present study made a lesson practice for the university students by utilizing the 10-minute precipitation data for the four heavy rainfall events, in which the types of the heavy rainfall (although all the cases examined in the lesson are relating to the deep convective clouds) are rather different from each other, such as the differences of the rainfall intensity at the peak time, short-period variation of the rainfall intensity and the persistency of the rainfall including the "not so intense rainfall". The reports by the students seem to perceive the different features among these events briefly, but the students' attention to how long the intense rainfall with short-period variation or "not so intense rainfall" lasted was not so sufficient.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学考古学研究室Acta Medica Okayama2026岡山市向場・黒住丘陵の遺跡測量調査概要報告EN10.18926/70272No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama2666-6065672026Alcohol consumption, smoking, and the implications of their cessations for field carcinogenesis in the esophagus: a 10-year prospective cohort study101798ENChikatoshiKatadaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineTetsujiYokoyamaDepartment of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public HealthTomonoriYanoDepartment of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital EastYasuakiFurueDepartment of Endoscopy, Saitama Cancer CenterHaruhisaSuzukiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of MedicineKenjiIshidoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of MedicineKeikoYamamotoDivision of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University HospitalHiroyoshiNakanishiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central HospitalTomoyukiKoikeDivision of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineMasashiTamaokiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineNoboruKawataDivision of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer CenterMotohiroHiraoDepartment of Surgery, NHO Osaka National HospitalYoshiroKawaharaDepartment of Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTakashiOgataDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer CenterAtsushiKatagiriDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa Medical University HospitalTakenoriYamanouchiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Kumamoto Regional Medical CenterHirofumiKiyokawaDepartment of Gastroenterology, St. Marianna University School of MedicineHirofumiKawakuboMakiKonnoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Tochigi Cancer CenterAkiraYokoyamaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineShinyaOhashiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineTaiOmoriDepartment of Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki HospitalTadakazuShimodaDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer CenterAtsushiOchiaiExploratory Oncology Research and Clinicai Trial Center, National Cancer CenterHidekiIshikawaDepartment of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineAkiraYokoyamaClinical Research Unit, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction CenterManabuMutoDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineBackground Alcohol and tobacco are established carcinogens, which promote field carcinogenesis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of alcohol and tobacco cessations, and background mucosal status, on risk for metachronous ESCC (mESCC) after endoscopic resection (ER).<br>
Methods This was a multicentre prospective cohort study of patients with intramucosal ESCC treated by ER. All participants received structured education on cessation, and underwent regular endoscopic surveillance. Patients were stratified by Lugol-voiding lesion (LVL) grade (A: none, B: 1–9, C: ≥10). The impacts of alcohol and smoking cessation on field carcinogenesis were assessed.<br>
Findings Among 331 enrolled patients, the median follow-up was 120 months (range: 1.3–176.9). The cumulative incidences of mESCC were 10.4%, 27.2%, and 61.8% in grades A, B, and C, respectively. An increment of 1 unit (22 g ethanol) of alcohol consumption and higher LVL grade independently increased the risk for mESCC. Alcohol or smoking cessation reduced this risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.88; HR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.78, respectively), and combined cessation had the greatest impact (HR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.65). Complete cessation, rather than partial reduction, was necessary to achieve meaningful risk reduction.<br>
Interpretation Alcohol and tobacco exposure, and a large number of LVL, are major determinants of mESCC. Complete cessation markedly reduces risk, underscoring the importance of behavioural interventions for secondary prevention of field carcinogenesis after ER.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.JMIR Publications Inc.Acta Medica Okayama2369-3762122026Prescription Support Practice for Pharmacy Students: Pre-Post Educational Intervention Studye79545ENFukaAizawaClinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University HospitalKentaYagiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTsukasaHigashionnaDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalHirofumiHamanoDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalShimonTakahashiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityYoshitoZamamiDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University HospitalKazuakiShinomiyaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Care and Clinical Pharmacy, Tokushima Bunri UniversityTakahiroNiimuraClinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University HospitalMitsuhiroGodaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityKeiKawadaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityKeisukeIshizawaClinical Research Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University HospitalBackground: In the field of team-based care, pharmacists are vital for optimizing medication therapy. However, many medical professionals lack the opportunity to learn how to propose prescription changes with precision.<br>
Objective: This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by developing and assessing a new educational program for pharmacy students focused on prescription support and interprofessional collaboration.<br>
Methods: We recruited 191 fifth-year pharmaceutical students during the 2022‐2024 academic years. The program featured a 7-day intensive curriculum that included learning how to assist with prescriptions, analyzing clinical data, and engaging in role-playing exercises. A web-based questionnaire and a paper test were used to evaluate students’ awareness and knowledge both before and after the program. Statistical analyses were performed to verify the significance of changes; we utilized the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the ordinal data derived from the specific behavioral objectives and 2-tailed paired t tests for the interval data from the knowledge tests. The magnitude of change was quantified using r for Wilcoxon tests and Cohen dz for 2-tailed t tests, with 95% CI calculated to ensure the stability and reliability of the observed results.<br>
Results: Analysis of the primary outcome specific behavioral objectives revealed statistically significant effects across all items (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; P<.001). Effect sizes (r=0.505‐0.835) ranged from moderate to large, with particularly large effects observed in identifying contents issue (r=0.835, 95% CI 0.126-0.330; P<.001). Knowledge test scores showed significant improvement in the following 3 subjects: pharmacology (r=−0.504, 95% CI –0.215 to 0.127; P<.001), organic chemistry (r=0.254, 95% CI –0.148 to –0.193; P=.004), and communication (r=0.221, 95% CI –0.151 to –0.190; P=.01). No significant changes were observed in pathology or pharmacokinetics.<br>
Conclusions: This program provides strong evidence that practical, hands-on learning with hospital pharmacists helps improve pharmacy students’ professional skills and optimize pharmaceutical therapies in interprofessional care. By teaching pharmacists to effectively propose prescription changes, the program equips them to become integral members of interprofessional care, ultimately leading to optimized pharmaceutical care for patients.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama0145-305X1652025Local immune response induced by intra-fin antigen injection in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a useful model for immunological studies105344ENTsukasaRyuGraduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Kyushu UniversityMizukiYoshinoGraduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Biology, Kyushu UniversityWilliam Ka FaiTseGraduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Kyushu UniversitySatoshiAnsaiUshimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama UniversityTaisenIguchiGraduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City UniversityAnuKumarCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO EnvironmentTomonoriSomamotoGraduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Kyushu UniversityMikiNakaoGraduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Kyushu UniversityYukikoOginoCenter for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu UniversityTeleost fishes play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of immune system evolution because they retain the ancient characteristics of vertebrate immunity, encompassing both innate and adaptive immune systems. Among these, innate immunity plays a critical role in fish as the first line of defense, coordinating rapid responses to pathogen infections. However, the lack of fish-specific immunological methodologies has limited progress in elucidating fish immune mechanisms. To better understand how the innate immune response develops and resolves in fish, detailed observation and integrative analysis of leukocytes at multiple time points is necessary. In the present study, an intra-fin injection method for observing local immune responses in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was tested and optimized to analyze the progression of zymosan-induced innate immune responses. Zymosan-injected medaka showed a rapid immune response characterized by leukocyte recruitment and phagocytosis. Using TG(FmpxP:mCherry) transgenic medaka with mCherry fluorescence driven by myeloperoxidase (mpx) promoter, granulocyte chemotaxis towards the site of zymosan entry was successfully visualized. The rapid increase in tumor necrosis factor α (tnfa), interleukin-1β (il1b), interleukin-6 (il6), and CXC motif chemokine ligand 8 (cxcl8) expressions in zymosan-injected anal fins provided a molecular basis for the visualized tissue-specific cellular response. Our study underscores the dynamic orchestration of immune components during the innate immune response in Japanese medaka and highlights their potential as a promising model for immunological research.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama2041-48891612025TRPV2 in muscle satellite cells is crucial for skeletal muscle remodelling888ENYanzhuChenDepartment of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKimiakiKatanosakaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu UniversityMakotoShibuyaDepartment of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYubingDongDepartment of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityLidanZhangLaboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of OsakaMotoiKanagawaDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of MedicineSo-ichiroFukadaLaboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of OsakaKeijiNaruseDepartment of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYukiKatanosakaDepartment of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversitySkeletal muscle remodelling relies on muscle stem cells (MuSCs) for regeneration after injury and hypertrophy in response to mechanical loading. However, the mechanisms that trigger MuSC activation and proliferation remain unclear. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ion channels respond to insulin-like growth factor-1 and mechanical stimuli to regulate the biological characteristics of various cells. Using a temporally inducible MuSC-specific conditional knockout (cKO) mouse, we show that TRPV2 regulates MuSC function and is essential for muscle remodelling. In cultured myofibre, MuSCs express TRPV2 and exhibit Ca2+ responses to the TRPV2 agonists 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and probenecid, which are abolished upon TRPV2 deletion. TRPV2-deficient MuSCs exhibit reduced paired box 7 (Pax7) expression and impaired proliferation, suggesting TRPV2 is a factor that regulates the early stage of MuSC function. Myotube formation in MuSCs was enhanced by overexpression of TRPV2 and suppressed by TRPV2 deficiency, suggesting that TRPV2 is a factor that promotes myogenesis. Muscle-administered cardiotoxin promoted muscle regeneration and resulted in the appearance of numerous Pax7-positive MuSCs between myofibres. MuSC-specific TRPV2 cKO mice exhibit substantially impaired muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-induced injury, drastically reducing Pax7-positive MuSCs between myofibres. In floxed mice, mechanical loading via synergist ablation induces hypertrophy and greatly increases the number of myonuclei per myofibre. In contrast, MuSC-specific TRPV2 cKO mice show no changes in myofibre thickness or nuclear number, either at baseline or after mechanical loading. Mechanical loading of floxed mice increased TRPV2+/Pax7+ double-positive MuSCs, but MuSC-specific TRPV2 cKO mice showed no change. Additionally, MuSCs exhibit Ca2+ responses to hypo-osmotic stimuli, which are suppressed by TRPV2 inhibitors and TRPV2 deletion, suggesting that MuSCs exhibit TRPV2-dependent mechanical responses. These results establish TRPV2 as a critical regulator of MuSC-mediated muscle remodelling, an important finding that may lead to therapeutic strategies for muscle repair and adaptation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama0385-56002026Overexpression of Escherichia coli yaiX Confers Multidrug Resistance and Enhances Virulence in the Silkworm Infection ModelENKinukaHonguGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKazuyaIshikawaGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTomokiKosakiGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityShin‐IchiMiyoshiResearch Center for Intestinal Health Science, Okayama UniversityKazuyukiFurutaGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityChikaraKaitoGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityThe emergence of bacteria with both antimicrobial resistance and high virulence has become a global health concern, underscoring the urgent need to elucidate the molecular basis underlying these traits. Here, we employed the silkworm (Bombyx mori) infection model, which is suitable for high-throughput screening, together with an Escherichia coli library containing plasmid clones of all genes from strain W3110, to identify genes whose overexpression enhances virulence. We found that overexpression of the uncharacterized protein YaiX promoted bacterial proliferation in silkworms and increased host lethality. Compared with the empty-vector control, the YaiX-overexpressing strain exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents with diverse mechanisms of action, including β-lactams, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, cationic surfactants, and hydrogen peroxide. Sequence analysis revealed that amino acids 18–52 of YaiX contain a transferase hexapeptide domain predicted to form a left-handed parallel β-helix. Overexpression of YaiX mutants lacking regions outside this domain conferred ampicillin resistance, whereas deletion of the hexapeptide domain abolished this phenotype. RNA sequencing and GO enrichment analyses further indicated that YaiX overexpression altered the expression of genes encoding RNA-binding proteins and porins. These findings suggest that YaiX overexpression, through its hexapeptide domain, modulates gene expression and contributes to both multidrug resistance and enhanced virulence in E. coli.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026裏表紙・英文目次ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026奥付ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026概念型カリキュラムに基づく平和教育単元の開発と実践 ― 声をきく，つくる，とどける ―197213ENYuichiMIYAMOTOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYudaiMakabeTeacher at an International SchoolShunSATOEduca & Quest Inc.TomochikaOSHIROGraduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityMikaMATSUYAMAKyodo Public Relations Co., Ltd.10.18926/bgeou/70208 本稿は,生徒たちが自己や社会にひかれた境界線への理解を深め(境界線の「上に立つ」),境界線を「別様に引き直す」可能性を追究するというコンセプトで作られたカリキュラム開発プロジェクトのうち，平和教育カリキュラムの開発と実践の成果をまとめたものである。他者存在との共生と協調に関わる概念を，「声」というメタファーに集約させて6つ選定した。生徒たちが,世界に引かれた境界線をどのように理解し,どのように自らの生活の中の境界線を捉えなおそうとしたかについて分析した。カリキュラム構成上の意義と課題に関して，学習した概念の生活認識への転用の困難が明らかとなり,カリキュラムの中に概念の省察と吟味を重点的に行う活動を入れることの重要性が明らかとなった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026青年の肯定的自己理解を促す強み介入の実践報告 ― 発達支持的教育相談によるアプローチを通して ―187196ENTsuguyukiIZUMIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70207 本研究は，発達支持的教育相談として実施した強み認識授業が，青年の自己の強み選択の難易度に及ぼす影響を探索的に検討したものである。研究１では中国地方の公立中学校423名を対象にオンラインで，研究２では専門学校学生86名，大学生93名を対象に対面で，強み認識授業を実施し，授業後に，自己の強み選択の難易度を測定した。その結果，すべての群の強み選択の難易度の評価は，平野(2019)と比較して「容易である」との回答傾向を示した(Mdn = ７)。また，３群の強み選択の難易度の分布に統計的な有意差は認められなかった(p = .222)。この知見は，本授業が対象者の発達段階や実施形式(オンライン・対面)に関わらず，普遍的に強み特定を支援する機能を持つ可能性を示唆する。最後に，この知見をもとに，学校現場での教育相談の新たな展開を提言した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026高校特別支援教育コーディネーターにおける小児がん患児支援に関する教育施策への理解と役割意識177185ENYiwenCHENThe Joint Graduate School (Ph.D. Program) in Science of School Education Hyogo University of Teacher EducationMunehisaYOSHITOSHIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70206 本研究の目的は，小児がんを経験した高校生に対する特別支援教育コーディネーターの支援意識を明らかにすることである。自治体の研修講座に参加した59名を対象に質問紙調査を実施し，23名から回答を得た。量的データは単純集計，自由記述は質的記述的分析により分析した。結果として，小児がん患児に関連する新たな教育施策，特に同時双方向型授業に関する認知度が低く，制度が十分に周知されていない実態が明らかになった。医療関係者との連携については，高い役割意識が示された一方で，病院訪問はあまり重視されていなかった。また，学級通信や教材準備などは必ずしも特別支援教育コーディネーターの役割とは認識されていなかった。自由記述からは，ICT を活用した支援への積極的な姿勢が示されたものの，中学校との連携における情報共有や業務負担に関する課題がみられた。今後，連携に関するガイドラインの整備や情報共有の強化が求められることを指摘した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026デジタルメディア・デジタルデバイスの自律的な使用に向けて（１） ― 自己制御能力とインターネット依存傾向に関する研究の概観から ―169175ENMotokoMIYAKEFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70205 デジタルメディア・デジタルデバイスの使用において，使用開始年齢の低年齢化・長時間利用の実態が指摘され，低年齢の子どもについても依存等の問題が注目されつつある。本報告では，子ども自身に，デジタルメディア・デジタルデバイスと適切に付き合う力を育てることの必要性を重視する立場から，インターネット依存傾向の抑制要因の１つに挙げられる自己制御能力に着目し，両者の関連についての本邦における研究を概観する。そして，子どもの自己制御の発達過程，自己制御の発達における促進要因・抑制要因を整理した上で，インターネット依存の予防のために子どもの自己制御の発達の観点から得られる示唆について検討した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026「創造性が社会と出会う美術教育」による教員の学びに関する基礎研究Ⅱ ― 市井の他者との対話がもたらす教員の意味変容に関する考察 ―157167ENAiMATSUURAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYusukeSENOOOkayama Prefectural Tamashima High SchoolHitoshiKIMURAShiga University Faculty of Education Elementary SchoolSoichiroTAKEDAOkayama University Junior High SchoolChandeSONOsaka Kyoiku University Tennoji Junior High SchoolTetsuoKIYOTA,Faculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70204 本研究は，清田哲男の理論枠組を基盤として，教員が日常生活で出会う市井の他者との対話を通じて創造性や授業観を変容させるプロセスを明確化したものである。市井プロジェクトの質的分析により，教員は他者の生き方や姿勢から新たな価値を受け取り（市井からの享受過程），その経験を契機に教育観を再編し（教育観変容過程），さらに授業構想に具体的変化を生じさせること（授業内容関与過程）が確認された。とりわけ，制度的研修では得にくい偶発的対話や生活知の受容が，教員の創造性を喚起し，日常に根ざした学びとして機能する点が成果である。本研究は，教員自身が学ぶ創造性という新たな研究領域の基盤を形成し，美術教育における創造性育成の新たな可能性を提示した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026音楽表現への理解を深める保育研修プログラムの検討 ― 音や音楽を広くとらえる視点を育む ―147155ENHiromiTAKASUFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70203 保育現場では音楽活動の重要性が指摘される一方，多くの保育者が音楽に対する苦手意識を持つ。本研究では，音楽を専門技能に限定せず，日常の音や身体遊びも含めて捉える視点を提示し，音楽表現への理解を深める研修プログラムを検討した。講義，即興性を取り入れた遊び歌，わらべうたを用いた身体表現の三要素から成る研修を現職保育者36名に実施した。研修前後の自己評価は全項目で上昇し，特に身近な音の活用や伝承的音楽の実践可能性で大きな改善が見られた。保育経験別の分析では，初任・中堅・熟練の全てで有意な向上が確認され，熟練保育者で最も伸び幅が大きかった。今後は自由記述の質的分析や継続的な研修体系の構築，子どもへの効果の検討が課題である。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026地域と人々を繋ぐ音楽活動 ― 地域活力の回復を目指すコンサートの開催 ―131145ENShinsukeOKAMOTOFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70202 本研究は，人口減少に伴って小中学校の統廃合が進む岡山県玉野市において，地域活力の回復を図る機会を作り，そのような機会を地域住民自ら作り出す機運を高めることを目的としている。本研究では，東児中学校区を対象に，校歌を再構成した作品の発表と，地域住民と協働で企画，運営を行うコンサートの開催という二つの取組を2023～24年度にかけて実践し，住民同士の繋がりを強め，住民らが地域への関心を深めていくことを図った。両取組は，地域住民に好意的に受け入れられた結果となり，今後の取組の展開へ繋がる成果が得られた。2025年現在，両取組を実践した地域において，地域活性化を図る芸術活動団体が新たに結成され，地域活力の回復を目指す動きが住民の中で見られはじめていることから，本地域の今後の動向が注目される。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026インドの小・中学校理科における気候変動に関する内容の取り扱い ― NCERT 発行の教科書に注目して ―119130ENKenKAWAIOkayama University Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences Science Doctoral CourseHirokiFUJIIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70201 本研究は，インドの国家教育政策2020および国家カリキュラム・フレームワーク2023に基づいて作成された NCERT 発行の学校教科書（第3～8 学年）を対象に，理科的内容を扱う教科の気候変動に関する内容の取り扱いの現状を分析した。分析では UNESCO による SDGs のための教育と Kagawa & Selby の「理解・緩和・適応」の考え方をもとに観点を設け，記述を抽出・分類した。その結果，初等教育段階の「The World Around Us」では生活世界に根ざした環境配慮の態度と行動の基礎形成が重視され，前期中等教育段階の「Science」では科学的な因果関係や気候変動対策の国際的枠組みが導入されており段階的深化が確認された。一方で，概念導入の遅れ，因果連鎖の不統一，行動変容に至る仕組みの弱さ，学際性の不足や語彙や概念の習得のスパイラルな学習の不足が明らかになった。現行教科書は，体系的かつ実効的な気候変動教育には未だ不十分であり，今後の改善が求められることを指摘した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026腎機能の理解を促すための教材開発と中学校理科における授業実践111117ENMotonoriANDOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityRisaIKEDASeishin Junior High School/Seishin Girls’ High SchoolFukutoTANAKASeishin Junior High School/Seishin Girls’ High School10.18926/bgeou/70200 本研究では腎臓におけるろ過後，ろ液の成分がどのような物質で構成されているのか，その後の腎臓での再吸収過程を含めて，中学生の腎機能の理解を促す教材開発を試みた。まず，市販の果汁を含む飲料水をメンブレンフィルターでろ過し，ろ液が透明になるのは不溶性物質が除去されるためであること，また，ろ液の甘さから水溶性の糖分はろ過されることを確認した。開発した腎臓糸球体モデルは，腎小体に見立てた蓋に孔を開けたプラスチック容器，赤血球や血液中に存在する様々な物質を模した色や大きさの異なるビーズ，から構成される。生徒は，この教材を用いた授業実践を経て，血球以外の水溶性成分は要不要に関わらず一旦腎小体でろ過されてしまうこと，生体に必要なブドウ糖は尿細管において能動的に再吸収されることを理解し，腎臓のろ過と再吸収に関する新しい考え方と関連する概念を獲得することができた，と考えられた。本研究で開発した教材を用いることにより，生徒の腎臓の役割についての理解を深化させること，同時に自身の健康への関心を高めさせること，について有効であることが分かった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026中山間地域に住む高齢女性の子どもとの同居意向の変化とその要因 ― 岡山県の山村を対象とした分析 ―101110ENMasaoNOBEFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70199 筆者は1997‒98年と2016‒17年に、岡山県の中山間地域にある同一の山村で65歳以上80歳未満の女性を対象に調査を実施した。本稿では、そのデータを用いて、①子ども（夫婦）との同居の有無、②将来における子ども（夫婦）との同居希望、③将来希望する居住場所、が約20年間でどのように変化したのかを明らかにする。データの分析から、次のことを明らかにした。子ども（夫婦）と同居していなかったり、将来にわたって子ども（夫婦）との同居を望まなかったりする高齢女性が増えていた。とくに、別居する子どもが岡山県内に居住している場合、同居を望まない傾向が顕著であった。また、子どもとの同居を希望する高齢女性であっても、高梁市の現住所を離れることには抵抗感を示していた。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026制作者と造形物の対話を捉える視点の研究 ― バフチンに基づく質的な考察のための文献の検討 ―93100ENShuyaOHIRAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70198 本研究では，制作者が造形行為の過程で実践する造形物との対話に着目し，造形行為において制作者に経験される学びを捉え質的に考察するための視点を，バフチン(Михаил Михайлович Бахти́н)の対話の概念に立ち検討した。まず，対話の過程でつくられる自己と他者の「相互作用，相互関係」について検討し，対話の過程において個々の「世界」が確立されると共に，確立された個々の「世界」が自己と他者の間で共有されることを検討した。次に，造形行為の過程で，制作者が素材を変化させていくにつれて，その造形物ないし作品のもつ形や色が，想像の世界，モチーフ，何らかの規則性などを纏っていく，制作者と造形物ないし作品との対話が実践されることを検討した。研究の成果として，造形物との対話の過程で制作者に経験される学びを捉え質的に考察するための視点である芸術的行為を提示した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026Utilizing a Preferred Character as a Stimulus Prompt to Teach Table-Wiping Skills to a Student With Autism Spectrum Disorder7991ENYoshimasaMatsushitaThe Joint Graduate School in Science of School Education (Doctor’s Course), Hyogo University of Teacher EducationYoshihisaOhtakeFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70197 This study examined the effectiveness of a preferred character as a stimulus prompt in teaching table-wiping skills to a student with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder who had pervasive support needs. A multiple-treatments design was utilized to determine if the projected character prompt strategy was the most effective, followed by the character puppet prompt and the marker prompt. Results indicated that the marker prompt strategy and the projected character strategy were equally effective in helping the student to acquire table-wiping skills and more effective than the character puppet prompt strategy. However, the projected character prompt strategy elicited the most positive expressions and the fewest refusal behaviors. In contrast, the marker prompt strategy induced the fewest positive express ions and the most refusa l behaviors.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026Character Education の動向と児童の特性を生かした教育的介入の可能性について ― Character Education と Character Strengths Education を区別して ―6377ENMingluLIThe Joint Graduate School in Science of School Education, Hyogo University of Teacher EducationTazukoAOKIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70196 児童の幸福や心理的 well-being を高める研究の1つが，よい character の育成を目指す教育研究である。Lavy（2020）は，これには2つの流れがあるとする。１つが character education，もう１つは character strengths education である。本稿では，まずこの2つの特徴について解説して世界の流れを示し，次にポジティブ心理学に基づく character strengths education の限界点を指摘した。具体的には，その原典となるVIA-IS（Peterson & Seligman, 2004）について，東アジアにおける強みと well-being の関連研究がほとんど成されていないこと，加えて児童期の教育的介入の成果がほとんど見られないことを指摘した。これらの検討を通して，児童期の認知特性や発達段階に応じた，児童の負荷の少ない身体活動量，習慣形成の視点で character の育成を目指す教育的介入の可能性について議論した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026チームにおける目標設定が部活動適応感に及ぼす影響 ― 個人目標と集団目標の整合性に着目して ―4761ENRyoMISAWAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityEriMORITAAccounting Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70195 本研究では，大学部活動のチームにおける目標設定が部活動適応感に及ぼす影響について，個人目標と集団目標の整合性に着目して検討した。大学生187 名を対象に質問紙調査を実施し，個人目標・集団目標の4 要素（困難度，具体性，関与度，フィードバック），目標の整合性，そして部活動適応感を測定した。重回帰分析の結果，目標の整合性は，「活動への傾倒」と「組織・成員への満足」に正の効果を示した。また，集団目標の関与度も適応感を高める要因であった。さらに，整合性は目標要素の効果を調整していた。整合性が高い場合には個人目標への関与度が「活動への傾倒」を促進し，低い場合には集団目標のフィードバックが補完的に機能していた。これらの知見から，目標の整合性が，個人目標と集団目標の葛藤を緩和し，部活動における心理的適応を支える重要な要因であることが示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026自己変容を通してみたマインドワンダリングの創造性について ― 自己嫌悪場面での４つの内言に着目した検討 ―3145ENTazukoAOKIFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityMakotoHAGIWARAa public employeeKazuhiroYASUNAGAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70194 マインドワンダリング(以下MW)は心が自己内の複数の領域をさまようことで, 新たな気づきや発想
が生まれる土壌になるとされる。本稿では，この創造性を検討するため，水間(2003)を参考に，自己嫌悪
場面で生起する4 つの反応についての研究モデルを用いてこの創造性を検討した。その際，MW とその
他の類似の内省を区別するため，自己嫌悪場面で生起する内言として自己注目(省察・反芻), 自己への没
入(MW・空想)の4 つを想定した。またその内言が自己の成長にとって意味のある内言か否かを判断する
指標として本来感を用いた。分析の結果, 本来感高群において, MW による集中力の欠如が人の思考を
多領域にさまよわせ, 内的な個性の創造と内的な個人の成長を促すことが示された。また低群において
省察は自分らしさを求め変容を目指す意識が促進されることが示された。他方, 反芻と空想はいずれの
反応様式にも関わっていないことがわかった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-2423191202620 世紀初頭のイギリス教員から見たヘルバルト学派 ―『ヘルバルト教授法にかんする授業ノート』の分析 ―1730ENYoshitsuguHIRATAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70193 本論は，ジャーマン・インパクトを視座として，19-20 世紀にかけて教員養成改革がいかに展開されてきたのかを解明する研究の一部をなすものである。ここでは20 世紀初頭のイギリス教員がどのようにヘルバルト学派の教育思想を受容したのかを明らかにすることを目的とし，『ヘルバルト教授法にかんする授業ノート』の分析を行った。その結果，以下の共通点と相違点が明らかとなった。授業冒頭において目的を明らかにし，授業で学ばれる内容へと子どもの意識を集中させ，新しい知識を教授するという流れは，ヘルバルト学派の五段階教授法と共通していた。だが，第四および第五段階については大胆な変更が施されていた。20 世紀初頭のイギリス教員がヘルバルト学派の教育思想を正確に受容するよりも選択的に受容した可能性があることを解明した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026教職員研修の高度化に果たす大学の役割と課題 ― NITS 岡山大学センターの活動を通して ―116ENAtsushiTAKASEFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityAkikoTSURUMIOkayama University KindergartenChiyoKUROSUMIOkayama University KindergartenTetsuoKIYOTAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYoshihikoINADAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityAiMATSUURAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityKoujiMIYAMOTOFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityMutsumiMATSUEDAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityAikoTSUSHIMAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYoshioMIYAZAKIFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityToshiyaTAKEMOTOOkayama University School for Special Needs EducationYokoSAWATANIOkayama University School for Special Needs EducationKazuakiKAJIIFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityMakikoKANAGAWAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/70192 本論文では，専門職としての教職員の学びを保障する研修のあり方を検討し，とくに大学が果たす役割と課題について考察する。教職員の学びは教育委員会での研修，勤務校園での研修，教職大学院での学修，研究団体での研修などにおいて展開される。大学が開発・実施する研修はこれらとどう関連し，どのような特色をもつか。独立行政法人教職員支援機構（以下，NITS）岡山大学センターの活動を通して検討する。そして，大学は教職員の学びのニーズに応える側にあるだけでなく，教職員の学びを再構成し，自律的協働的な学びを支援・促進していく側としての役割を果たすものであることを考察する。また，大学おけるアウトカム重視の研修開発の必要性を指摘し，今後の取組の課題として示す。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231912026表紙・目次ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular TherapyActa Medica Okayama1882-40721912025The Qualification Examination for Specialists and Instructors in the Japanese Society of Neuroendovascular Therapy: History and Current Statussr.2024-0099ENShinichiYoshimuraDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical UniversityKenjiSugiuDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineMasaruHirohataDepartment of Neurosurgery, Kurume Medical UniversityYukikoEnomotoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of MedicineHirotoshiImamuraDepartment of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterWataroTsurutaDepartment of Endovascular Neurosurgery, Toranomon HospitalToshiyukiFujinakaDepartment of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National HospitalHitoshiHasegawaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityToshioHigashiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka University Chikushi HospitalTakashiIzumiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University of Graduate School of MedicineHiroKiyosueDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Kumamoto University Faculty of Life SciencesYasushiMatsumotoDivision of Development and Discovery of Interventional Therapy, Tohoku University HospitalHidenoriOishiOishi Neurosurgery Clinic, and Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of MedicineTetsuSatowDepartment of Neurosurgery/Stroke Center, Kindai University HospitalMichihiroTanakaDepartment of Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Surgery, Kameda Neurocenter, Kameda Medical CenterTomoyukiTsumotoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Showa University Fujigaoka HospitalHiroshiYamagamiDivision of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Institute of Medicine, University of TsukubaAkiraIshiiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of MedicineYujiMatsumaruDepartment of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of TsukubaShigeruMiyachiDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical UniveristyNeuroendovascular therapy is a key treatment for cerebrovascular disorders, driven by advancements in devices and techniques. The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy (JSNET) established a certification system in 1997 to ensure operator competence and minimize complications, with the first examination in 2002. JSNET offers 2 main certifications: specialist and instructor. Specialists perform basic procedures, while instructors lead in practice, education, and research. In 2020, the mechanical thrombectomy practitioner qualification was added to promote mechanical thrombectomy. Applicants must have a JSNET membership, relevant certifications, training, and documented experience. The certification process includes rigorous written and practical examinations that now employ non-fluoroscopic models. Certification renewal every 5 years requires conference participation and a continuing education program. Public awareness and integration into stroke center designations have grown. Over 2200 specialists, including more than 500 instructors, have been certified, significantly advancing neuroendovascular therapy in Japan. JSNET aims to continue improving certification and education to maintain high standards.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japan Society of Mechanical EngineersActa Medica Okayama2187-97451252025Examining OpenFOAM-based LES analysis in terms of inviscid energy conservation and viscous turbulence decay25-00095ENHirokiSUZUKIGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKentoTANAKAGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityToshinoriKOUCHIGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityThe present study examines an OpenFOAM-based LES analysis from the viewpoints of inviscid energy conservation and viscous turbulence decay. The Smagorinsky model is employed as the sub-grid scale (SGS) model, and a two-dimensional periodic analytical solution and a three-dimensional periodic Taylor-Green vortex (TGV) are employed to represent inviscid flows. The analytical relationship for the kinetic energy K, dK/dt = 0, with t as the dimensionless time, is utilized to validate the OpenFOAM results. For the viscous flow case, the TGV flow in a three-dimensional periodic cubic domain is adopted, and its turbulence kinetic energy distribution is compared with that obtained by a spectral method to examine the analysis. The OpenFOAM-based analysis exhibits energy conservation error in flows that should ideally conserve energy. For the two-dimensional flow, this error decreases with increasing grid resolution N. However, in the three-dimensional flow, the error does not improve even with higher N. In the three-dimensional TGV flow, the turbulence kinetic energy predicted by OpenFOAM exhibits a strong agreement with that from the spectral method when a standard constant value of the Smagorinsky model is employed and the mesh is sufficiently refined. Conversely, for a condition of relatively coarse mesh, the decay characteristics of turbulent kinetic energy deviate from those of the spectral method, and a higher constant value of the Smagorinsky model than the default value becomes necessary to reproduce comparable results. These results suggests that even in LES simulations where highly accurate conservation laws are not satisfied, adjusting the model constants so that the predicted values match experimental or numerical reference data can improve the apparent reliability of the turbulent kinetic energy in the decaying turbulence.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.The Carbon Society of JapanActa Medica Okayama2436-5831432025Synthesis and applications of porous carbonaceous materials with inherited molecular structural features from the precursor molecules179187ENKokiChidaInstitute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku UniversityTakeharuYoshiInstitute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku UniversityYutaNishinaResearch Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama UniversityKazuhideKamiyaResearch Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, The University of OsakaRyotaSakamotoDepartment of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversityFumitoTaniInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu UniversityTomokiOgoshiDepartment of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto UniversityHirotomoNishiharaInstitute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku UniversityThe carbonization of organic crystalline materials, such as metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, has emerged as a promising approach for producing functional porous carbonaceous materials. However, both the chemically defined long-term ordered structures and the local chemical structures derived from these precursor materials are generally lost, resulting in amorphous carbons. As a result, controlling the molecular-level structure of nanoporous carbons remains a significant challenge. We report a new bottom-up synthesis approach for porous carbons with a molecular-level design, involving the carbonization of well-designed precursor molecules by thermal polymerization. Among the resulting carbons, ordered carbonaceous frameworks, which contain a high-density of regularly aligned single-atomic metal species, have been identified as promising platforms for single-atom catalysts. This approach also enables the synthesis of various three-dimensional porous carbons that reflect the structural features of their precursor molecules. Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of porous carbons derived from molecular precursors is summarized, highlighting their potential for the development of functional materials.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama2752-6542512025Chloroplast heat shock protein cpHsc70-1 interacts with thylakoid membrane remodeling protein VIPP1 C-terminal tail and controls VIPP1 oligomer assemblypgaf393ENDiLiInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversitySarah WanjiruGachieInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityShin-ichiroOzawaInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityMartinScholzInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of MünsterMichaelHipplerInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityWataruSakamotoInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityOxygenic photosynthetic organisms depend on the thylakoid membranes (TMs) for light-driven energy conversion. Recent studies on TM homeostasis (thylakostasis) have highlighted the essential role of the TM remodeling protein vesicle-inducing protein in plastid 1 (VIPP1). As a member of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport-III (ESCRT-III)/phage shock protein A (PspA)/VIPP1 superfamily, VIPP1 forms large ring- and filament-like homo-oligomeric structures that exhibit a membrane remodeling activity. The oligomerization status was proposed to be modulated by the intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail (Vc), whereas its functional role remained unclear. Notably, this Vc region is conserved not only in photosynthetic VIPP1 but also in the PspA proteins of extremophilic species, implicating its role in membrane stress responses. To investigate the role of the Vc region in VIPP1 assembly, we performed coimmunoprecipitation assays in Arabidopsis chloroplasts and identified chloroplast-localized HSP70 proteins (cpHsc70) as major interactors. Among the two isoforms, cpHsc70-1 was found to be specifically required for modulating VIPP1 oligomeric assembly and dynamics in response to heat stress. Genetic analyses revealed that cpHsc70-1 facilitates the disassembly of VIPP1 oligomers, similarly to Vps4 ATPase in ESCRT-III; loss of either the Vc region or cpHsc70-1-impaired VIPP1 disassembly, resulting in more static oligomeric structures. Furthermore, cpHsc70-1 exhibited a broader role in chloroplast proteostasis, as the cphsc70-1 mutant showed impaired accumulation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion proteins. Together, our findings uncover a crucial crosstalk between proteostasis and thylakostasis in chloroplasts, coordinated by cpHsc70-1 and VIPP1 in response to membrane stress.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama1546-00962412026TeMPRA: advancing continuing professional development in pediatric rheumatology in JapanENHiroyukiWakiguchiDivision of General Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of MedicineKunioHashimotoDepartment of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesMasatoYashiroDepartment of Pediatrics, Okayama University HospitalKenichiNishimuraDepartment of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineTakasukeEbatoDepartment of Pediatrics, Kitasato UniversityKeijiAkamineDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical CenterYojiUejimaDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Saitama Children’s Medical CenterTomomiSatoClinical Education Center for Physicians, Shiga University of Medical ScienceYuichiYamasakiDepartment of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University HospitalJunkoYasumuraDepartment of Pediatrics, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital Organization Futabanosato Prefectural HospitalFumikoOkazakiDepartment of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineToshitakaKizawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health Care Organization Sapporo Hokushin HospitalRyuheiYasuokaDepartment of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineTomoakiIshikawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Medical UniversityTakeshiYamamotoDepartment of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineYujiFujitaDepartment of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical UniversityNaohiroItohDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of FukuiAsamiTakasakiDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of ToyamaNodokaSakuraiDepartment of Pediatrics, NTT East Medical Center SapporoKazuoSuzukiSuzuki Kids ClinicTasukuTamaiDivision of General Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Oita University Faculty of MedicineNaokiHiranoDepartment of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita UniversityNamiOkamotoDepartment of Pediatrics, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyMasakiShimizuDepartment of Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoBackground In the context of the global shortage of pediatric rheumatologists, mid-career specialists who can play key roles in regional education, research, and clinical practice have become increasingly important. In Japan, the Team of Mid-career Pediatric Rheumatologists Alliance (TeMPRA) was founded in 2014 to support continuing professional development (CPD) and foster collaboration among mid-career pediatric rheumatologists. The aim of this study was to characterize the current status and future perspectives of the TeMPRA members.<br>
Methods In 2024, a cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted among all 37 active members of the TeMPRA across Japan. Data were collected on career trajectories, educational roles, research activities, clinical practices, and international engagement. Categorical variables were compared using appropriate statistical tests, with a significance level of 0.05.<br>
Results Responses were obtained from 35 members (response rate: 95%). Most respondents (71%) were affiliated with university hospitals, and 60% had > 10 years of experience in pediatric rheumatology. Compared with those working in community hospitals, respondents affiliated with university hospitals were significantly more likely to be involved in research activities (50% vs. 0%, P = 0.0261) and global professional contributions (88% vs. 0%, P < 0.0001). Overall, 54% of respondents were engaged in teaching students or early-career pediatric rheumatologists, while 43% were involved in clinical or basic research, most commonly focusing on juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Collectively, respondents were responsible for the care of 1,677 children with pediatric rheumatic diseases. While all respondents reported willingness to contribute to pediatric rheumatology at the regional level, 94% and 71% reported willingness to contribute at the national and global levels, respectively.<br>
Conclusions This nationwide survey highlights the substantial educational roles, research activities, and clinical practices of mid-career pediatric rheumatologists in Japan and suggests that the TeMPRA framework can serve as a valuable model for supporting CPD and workforce sustainability. Similar alliance-based approaches may be applicable in other countries facing comparable challenges in pediatric rheumatology.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Informa UK LimitedActa Medica Okayama1350-46222026Towards place-responsive climate change education: Mongolian primary teachers’ pedagogical judgement across urban and rural contextsENShinetsetsegGerelkhuuGraduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Okayama UniversityKhalifatullohFiel’ardhGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityHirokiFujiiGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityBatchuluunYembuuGeography Department, Mongolian National University of EducationUuriintuyaDembereldorjLifelong Learning and Distance Education Department, Mongolian National University of EducationClimate change education (CCE) in primary schools is increasingly recognised as essential, yet how teachers interpret and enact CCE across diverse local contexts remains underexplored. This study examines how Mongolian primary school teachers working with students aged 6–11 in urban and rural contexts interpret and teach climate change, with particular attention to the role of place. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 20 teachers across contrasting contexts, the study explores how environmental, cultural, and institutional conditions shape teachers’ pedagogical interpretations and classroom practices. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, informed by conceptual frameworks that position place as an active mediator of teaching and learning. Findings show that rural teachers frequently integrated traditional ecological knowledge and lived environmental experience to connect global climate processes with locally observable ecological change, emphasising livelihood impacts and intergenerational ecological memory. Urban teachers, by contrast, framed climate change through anthropogenic pressures such as air pollution, waste, and infrastructure constraints, foregrounding feasible individual actions within everyday school contexts. Across both settings, teachers exercised place-responsive pedagogical judgement by selectively adapting climate content to local realities while navigating curriculum constraints and workload pressures. The study contributes a place-responsive account of teachers’ pedagogical judgement in CCE, demonstrating how place functions not only as context but as a condition shaping pedagogical feasibility.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama1435-245141012025Robotic distal pancreatectomy using two-surgeon technique (TAKUMI-4): a technical note and initial outcomes171ENKoseiTakagiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomokazuFujiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesKazuyaYasuiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesToshiyoshiFujiwaraDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesPurpose With the increasing use of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy, the use of robotic distal pancreatectomy (RDP) is also increasing worldwide. Standardized surgical protocols are essential for safe implementation of RDP. In this study, we present our surgical protocol and initial outcomes of RDP using “two-surgeon technique”.<br>
Methods Our standard RDP protocol included a two-surgeon technique for cooperation, rationality, and education. Short-term outcomes of RDP were also investigated. This retrospective study included 77 consecutive patients who underwent RDP at our institution between April 2021 and January 2025.<br>
Results The median operative time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay were 214 min (interquartile range [IQR], 176–253), 10 mL (IQR, 0–50), and 9 days (IQR, 8–10), respectively. A textbook outcome was achieved in 84.4% of patients. Moreover, superior outcomes of RDP (n = 77) compared with those of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (n = 62) were confirmed in this study.<br>
Conclusion Using the two-surgeon technique, we successfully standardized and introduced the RDP program. The two-surgeon technique can contribute to the safe introduction of RDP and expansion of the program.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.IOP PublishingActa Medica Okayama1742-6588302712025LES analysis to investigate a random-phase forcing scheme for steadying anisotropic turbulence fields012009ENKokiMinamiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHirokiSuzukiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityToshinoriKouchiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKentoTanakaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of phase randomization on forcing mechanisms that stabilize localized turbulence. A trigonometric forcing based on vector potential is combined with uniform random numbers to create a spatially homogeneous forcing field. The analysis is performed using large-eddy simulation (LES) with the Smagorinsky model as the subgrid scale model. The results demonstrate that steady flows are generated regardless of the presence of phase randomization, successfully forming isotropic turbulence. In contrast, for anisotropic turbulent fields, the addition of phase randomization reduces the degree of anisotropy, indicating a smoothing effect on the anisotropy of the flow.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.IOP PublishingActa Medica Okayama1742-6588302712025Fundamental examination of coherent structure model prediction using vortex cores in a two-dimensional Taylor’s analytical solution012008ENXuanyouGongGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHirokiSuzukiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityToshinoriKouchiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKentoTanakaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityThis study focuses on the possibility that flow around vortex tubes in turbulence may resemble laminar flow, and aims to describe the characteristics of turbulent fields using analytical solutions to the governing equations. In the two-dimensional analytical Taylor solution, the velocity and pressure fields are expressed by trigonometric functions, and a structure in which counter-rotating vortices are arranged in a grid pattern is demonstrated. This solution is used to verify the accuracy of numerical analyses and is expected to contribute to a simple yet unambiguous description of turbulent fields based on vortex structures. Predictions of sub-grid scale components and validation of a coherent structure model using invariants of the velocity gradient tensor are also performed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026裏表紙・英文目次ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026奥付ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026Teaching and Learning：Japanese and International Student Collaboration in the Classroom209226ENAlexisPUSINAJunkoOTOSHI10.18926/70122This practical report introduces three intercultural collaborative trial classes designed to integrate Japanese and international students in first-year EFL classes. Using a CLIL-informed approach, the classes promoted intercultural understanding through culturally grounded activities and small-group communication tasks. Reflection surveys from both Japanese and international participants revealed overall positive experiences, with international students expressing strong enjoyment and Japanese students highlighting both linguistic gains and communication challenges. Analysis indicates that interaction across diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds fostered intercultural awareness while motivating Japanese learners to further develop their speaking skills. The findings support the value of collaborative, content-based activities for enhancing intercultural understanding.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026世界観光倫理憲章を踏まえたアクセシブルアウトドアツーリズムの検討 ―世界自然遺産地域でのアウトドア型車椅子を用いた実践を通じて―195208ENKosukeIKETANIGeneral Education and Global Studies Field, Okayama UniversityShinHARADAGeneral Education and Global Studies Field, Okayama UniversityKeitaKUSUNOKIInstitute of Student Support, Bukkyo University10.18926/70121アクセシブルアウトドアツーリズムを進めていくためには，「保全・保護」と「開発」の両立が非常に重要な観点となる。そこで本実践では，一人でも多くの人がアウトドア活動に参加できることを目指し，世界自然遺産地域においてアウトドア型車椅子を用いたツアーが実現できるかどうかを検討することとした。「誰ひとり取り残さない観光」とは，世界観光倫理憲章でも標榜された目標であるが，このことを実現するためには，今回検討を行ったような一つ一つの実践を積み重ねることによって，少しずつであってもアクセシブルアウトドアツーリズムの可能範囲を広げていくことが，最も確実な取り組みなのではないかと考えている。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026ピア・AI・教員の三者協働フィードバックによるライティング授業の再設計 ―AI利用の実践報告－174194ENMarikoUzukaInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life10.18926/70120本稿は、アカデミック・ライティング授業におけるピア・AI・教員のそれぞれの役割と利用順序（自分→ピア→AI→（省察）→教員）を組み込んだ三者協働モデルを設計し、2024～2025年度に実践した内容を報告する。授業後の学生アンケートでは、AIの即時性・精緻化が評価される一方、依存や有効性の限界に関する懸念も表明された。成績分布においては、AI導入後に下位層が縮小し、学習成果の底上げが示唆された。また、AI誤用や濫用を防ぐには、教室内で建設的な利用法の具体的な指導（例：例文より診断的フィードバックを重視、AI提案の採否理由のメタ記述）が効果的であった。これらの結果から、AIの利点を活かしつつ、学生の判断を中心に据えるライティング授業設計の有効性と課題を提示する。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026大学における中国語多読の試み155173ENTomomiISHIIInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama University10.18926/70119 This study examines the implementation of the instruction for extensive reading in Chinese among 19 learners who completed one year of beginner-level Chinese studies comprising two 100-minute sessions per week. Regarding survey methods, a questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and open-ended responses was utilized. The findings revealed that learners recognized extensive reading as an effective strategy for improving their reading comprehension and vocabulary. However, some challenges exist, including the lack of suitable books for extensive reading practices and difficulties in sustaining extensive reading habits.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026「知の探研」× 多文化共修 ―オンライン授業再構築の試み―145154ENYumikoYAMAMOTOFaculty of General and Global Studies (GDP), Okayama UniversityKha ManhNGUYENDiscovery Program for Global Learners, Okayama University10.18926/70118岡山大学では2025年4月入学生から新カリキュラムがスタートした。学士課程改革の一環として導入されたのが全学共通・課題探究科目「知の探研」である。本稿では，新入生対象科目である「知の探研」を，海外生を含むグローバル・ディスカバリー・プログラム生向けに英語で “Inquiries of Knowledge” として開講した初年度の取り組みを報告する。とりわけオンデマンド型オンライン授業を, 本学が推進する多文化共修の視点で再構築するにあたり，教材を単に英訳するのではなく, オンライン環境においても協働学習を実現する工夫や，言語的・文化的配慮の統合が不可欠であることを明らかにする。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026学部別インタビューによる学習者ナラティブとオリエンテーション実践 ―大学入学時における外国語学習動機づけ促進の試み―129144ENAzumiYOSHIDAInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama UniversityMasakoTERANISHIInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama University10.18926/70117岡山大学では新学習指導要領実施に合わせ、「学習者中心の学び」の実現を目指すTarget2025と呼ばれる方針のもと英語カリキュラムの改革を進めてきた。この改革では、英語系教員と各部局とが密に連携しながら、学士課程全体を通した英語学習を全学的に展開していくことに焦点を当てている。その取り組みの一環として、各部局から推薦を受けたロールモデルとの学部別インタビューを実施し、英語学習についての詳細を聴き取った。また、新入生への激励のメッセージ動画を作成し、英語授業オリエンテーションで上映した。本稿では、インタビューで得られたナラティブやオリエンテーション実施の経緯、また、オリエンテーション後に実施したアンケート結果について報告する。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026From The Odyssey to The Zahir：The Evolution of Penelopeia Across Time and Tradition120128ENSaidaKHALMIRZAEVAFaculty of General Education and Global Studies, Okayama University10.18926/70116The story of a man who leaves home and strives to return has become one of the most enduring narrative patterns in world literature and folklore. Across centuries and cultures, it has been retold in myths, epics, folktales, and modern fiction—the story of the homecoming hero who, after long absence and peril, finds his way back to the place and the person he once called his own. This study explores the persistence and transformation of this universal motif through a comparative reading of Homer’s The Odyssey and Paulo Coelho’s The Zahir. It examines the evolving image of the waiting wife—from Homer’s Penelopeia, emblem of chastity and endurance, to Coelho’s Esther, a modern woman of independence and choice. Despite differences in setting, voice, and moral vision, both works embody the same human longing: to return, to be recognized, and to rediscover love that endures time and change. Beneath their differences lies the same truth—the heart to which every journey, whether physical or spiritual, must ultimately return.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026Developing a Short-form Scale to Assess Learner Beliefs Regarding English Learning Strategies100119ENHiroshiMORITANIInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama UniversityAlexisPUSINAInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama University10.18926/70115Questionnaire surveys are a prevalent method in applied linguistics for investigating complex constructs, such as learner beliefs. However, their complex nature often creates overly lengthy instruments, making them impractical for classroom use or for obtaining timely educational insights. This study aimed to develop a simplified, yet robust version of an existing learner belief scale to address these challenges. The authors carefully selected 24 belief-specific items from an initial pool of 78 items from a previous study for use in an online survey, which was completed by 246 participants. The data were subject to exploratory factor analysis. This process resulted in a concise 12-item scale, could offer a more practical tool for language educators.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026発達障害を有する高校生の保護者による障害学生支援の認知度9199ENShinHARADAGeneral Education and Global Studies Field, Okayama UniversityKosukeIketaniGeneral Education and Global Studies Field, Okayama UniversityMegumiMATSUIGeneral Education and Global Studies Field, Okayama UniversityNaotoMOCHIZUKIHealth and Counseling Center, The University of Osaka10.18926/70114 本研究では，発達障害を有する高校生の保護者が，「大学等における障害学生支援や学生相談をどの程度知っているか」，「大学等における障害学生支援や学生相談の情報をどのように入手したか」，「大学等における障害学生支援や学生相談の情報収集をする上で，大学等にどのような情報発信を期待するか」について調査を行った。その結果，まだ保護者に対し，十分に大学の学生支援の情報が行き届いていないこと，学生支援に関する情報発信を行う説明会や相談会を行うことが保護者から期待されていること，発達障害を有する高校生の高大移行を促進するために，高校の先生方に対する情報発信も精力的に行ったり，高大連携の取り組みをより行う必要があること等が見出された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026近代韓国の読本教科書『初等小学』の底本に関する再考7490ENAnkooLEEInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama University10.18926/70113 本稿では、近代韓国の読本教科書『初等小学』（1906）の編纂において参照されたと思われる日本の明治期読本教科書について比較・考察を行った。まず、文部省編纂の検定『尋常小学読本』（1887）と第1期国定『尋常小学読本』（1903）、さらに金港堂出版の『尋常国語読本』（1900）及び『高等国語読本』（1900）との関連性について、先行研究の議論を再検討した。そのうえで、新たに金港堂の『新体読本 尋常小学用』（1894）と普及舎の『尋常小学新読本』（1893）の2種を底本として確認することができた。『初等小学』において最も多く参照された明治期読本教科書は金港堂の『尋常国語読本』（1900）であり、『初等小学』は、金港堂と文部省の比較的新しい尋常小学用読本教科書を優先的に参照したと思われる。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026留学生受け入れにおける教員の判断基準 ―多くの留学生を受け入れている教員の視点から―5773ENTakaoINAMORIFaculty of General and Global Studies, Okayama University10.18926/70112 少子化は国内大学の定員充足率に深刻な影響を与えることから、留学生の受入増に期待が寄せられている。しかし、大学院教育において留学生受入に前向きな教員と、消極的な教員が見受けられる。本研究では、より多くの留学生を受け入れている教員が、どのような判断基準で受け入れを決定しているのかを、半構造化インタビューを通じて明らかにすることを試みた。その結果、判断基準に関しては、教員により表現は異なるが「人物」と「能力」を確認していることが分かった。また、受け入れを前向きに考える教員は、留学・在外研究員経験や、初めて受け入れた留学生指導を通じて良い経験をしたこと等が、留学生に対するプラスの印象をつくり、積極的な受け入れにつながっていることが明らかになった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026自閉スペクトラム症特性と精神的健康の関連：自己理解による媒介効果の検討4156ENHirokiNISHIMURAInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama UniversityAkihiroUCHIDAOkayama Psychiatric Medical Center10.18926/70111 本研究は、自閉スペクトラム症特性と精神的健康の関連において、自己理解がどのような役割を果たすかを明らかにすることを目的とした。日本の成人604名のデータを利用した二次分析の結果、自閉スペクトラム症特性の高さと精神的健康の悪化との間には関連が認められた。この関連は、自己理解の肯定的側面によって部分的に媒介されることが示された。特にこの自己理解の保護的な効果は、男性よりも女性においてより強い可能性が示唆された。一方で、自己理解の否定的側面は媒介効果を示さなかった。これらの結果から、自閉スペクトラム症特性を持つ人々への支援において、肯定的な自己理解を促進することが重要であり、性差を考慮したアプローチの必要性が示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026オンラインによるボランティア日本語教室における参加者間のインターアクションの分析 ―地域型日本語教育の実現に向けて―3140ENMiwaSUESHIGEInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama University10.18926/70110 本研究では，地域型日本語教育のモデル構築に向け，地域型の特徴を有する教室内での支援者および参加者の発話や教授行動の傾向を明らかにすべく，外国語相互作用分析システムを用い，オンラインによるボランティア教室におけるインターアクションの分析を行った。分析の結果，（1）支援者の平均発話数が学習者より多いこと，（2）支援者の発話における間接的行動の割合が直接的行動よりもやや高いことが示された。「おしゃべり型の教育」では，学習者が伝えたいことを言語化していくプロセスの中で，間接的行動の下位分類の「質問」「学習者の意図の利用」「学習者の回答の繰り返し」等を支援者が積極的に使用し支援していることが分かった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026心理臨床家同士のグループ体験における反省的実践1230ENRyosukeKOBASHIInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama UniversityMasashiTANAKATokai UniversityRinMURASEGraduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University10.18926/70109 心理臨床家にとって反省的実践は重要であり，多様な形態のグループに参加をすることによって反省的実践を行っている。本研究では，全般的な心理臨床家同士のグループにおける体験（研究1）および継続的なグループにおける体験（研究2）を探索することを目的として，数名の心理臨床家による話し合いをKJ法を援用して分析した。その結果，心理臨床家同士のグループ体験における反省的実践には，【グループ体験が内省につながるかどうか】などの4つ側面が重要であることが示された。また，継続的なグループにおける体験では，《本来の人としての感覚や欲求》や《自分を不自由にしている要因》などの【会における気づき】が得られることが反省的実践として有意義であることが明らかになった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026セクシュアリティのゆらぎと発達障害のADHDとの関連111ENMegumiMATSUIInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama University10.18926/70108 セクシュアリティのゆらぎと発達障害のADHDとの関連を明らかにするため，WEBによる縦断調査を行った。18歳以上の成人を対象とし，第1回目の調査は11,018人，1年後の第2回目の調査では5,474人から回答を得た。性自認，性的指向，性表現の様々なセクシュアリティについて，2回の調査での該当・非該当で4群に分け，ADHD得点について1要因の被験者間分散分析を行った。「デミロマンティック」「デミセクシュアル」以外で群の主効果が有意であり，「異性愛」「ゲイ」を除くセクシュアリティで，2回とも「非該当」群よりも「該当→非該当」群のADHD得点が有意に高かった。これによりセクシュアリティのゆらぎとADHDとの関連が示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama0003-98617792026Comparison of bioavailability of quercetin and its structural analogs in mice110775ENNozomiMaedaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityAtsushiHashimotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityRyoseiMoritaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityShintaroMunemasaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiMurataGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshimasaNakamuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityToshiyukiNakamuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityFlavonoids are thought to provide beneficial effects on health. However, there are still uncertainties regarding their bioavailability. In this study, we investigated the bioavailability of 6 flavonoids, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, fisetin, and luteolin, by oral administration to mice. Analysis of plasma concentrations of free flavonoids after deconjugation by LC-MS/MS revealed that all flavonoids were rapidly absorbed after administration. Among 6 flavonoids, kaempferol and fisetin showed high absorbed amounts in blood plasma. With the LogP value of the two flavonoids as the maximum value, the amount absorbed decreased for both lower and higher LogP values. The results of the tissue distribution of galangin, kaempferol, and quercetin suggested that the order of fastest movement from the stomach to the small intestine was kaempferol > quercetin > galangin. In addition, the amount of kaempferol and quercetin distributed in the liver was greater than that of galangin. These results suggest that the bioavailability of flavonoids varies with the slight structural differences, possibly due to differences in their rapid accessibility to the small intestine that is the primary site of absorption and metabolism within the body.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学教育推進機構Acta Medica Okayama1881-595232026表紙・目次ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama2050-3911202622026Feedback-Controlled Beam Pattern Measurement Method Using a Power-Variable Calibration Source for Cosmic Microwave Background Telescopes023F01ENHaruakiHiroseDepartment of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National UniversityMasayaHasegawaInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)DaisukeKanekoInternational Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (WPI-QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)TaketoNagasakiAccelerator Laboratory (ACCL), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)RyotaTakakuGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTijmende HaanInstitute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)SatoruTakakuraDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of TokyoTakuroFujinoInternational Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (WPI-QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)We demonstrate a novel beam pattern measurement method for the side lobe characterization of cosmic microwave background telescopes. The method employs a power-variable artificial microwave source under feedback control from the detector under test on the telescope. It enables us to extend the dynamic range of the beam pattern measurement without introducing nonlinearity effects from the detector. We conducted a laboratory-based proof-of-concept experiment, measuring the H-plane beam pattern of a horn antenna coupled to a diode detector at 81 GHz. We gained an additional dynamic range of 60.3 dB attributed to the feedback control. In addition, we verified the measurement by comparing it with other reference measurements obtained using conventional methods. The method is also applicable to general optical measurements requiring a high dynamic range to detect subtle nonidealities in the characteristics of optical devices.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama2079-929214242025An AI-Driven System for Learning MQTT Communication Protocols with Python Programming4967ENZihaoZhuDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityNobuoFunabikiDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityHtoo HtooSandi KyawDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityI Nyoman DarmaKotamaDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityAnak Agung SuryaPradhanaDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityAlfiandi AuliaRahmadaniDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityNopriantoDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityWith rapid developments of wireless communication and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, an increasing number of devices and sensors are interconnected, generating massive amounts of data in real time. Among the underlying protocols, Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) has become a widely adopted lightweight publish–subscribe standard due to its simplicity, minimal overhead, and scalability. Then, understanding such protocols is essential for students and engineers engaging in IoT application system designs. However, teaching and learning MQTT remains challenging for them. Its asynchronous architecture, hierarchical topic structure, and constituting concepts such as retained messages, Quality of Service (QoS) levels, and wildcard subscriptions are often difficult for beginners. Moreover, traditional learning resources emphasize theory and provide limited hands-on guidance, leading to a steep learning curve. To address these challenges, we propose an AI-assisted, exercise-based learning platform for MQTT. This platform provides interactive exercises with intelligent feedback to bridge the gap between theory and practice. To lower the barrier for learners, all code examples for executing MQTT communication are implemented in Python for readability, and Docker is used to ensure portable deployments of the MQTT broker and AI assistant. For evaluations, we conducted a usability study using two groups. The first group, who has no prior experience, focused on fundamental concepts with AI-guided exercises. The second group, who has relevant background, engaged in advanced projects to apply and reinforce their knowledge. The results show that the proposed platform supports learners at different levels, reduces frustrations, and improves both engagement and efficiency.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X8012026Kinesiophobia Is Associated with Disability, Poor Quality of Life, Psychological Morbidity, and Surgery Dissatisfaction in Patients with Lumbar Microdiscetomy: A Cross-Sectional Controlled Study3946ENNihalTezelDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Health Sciences UniversityAslı GençayCanDepartment of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt UniversityOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/70071The study aimed to determine the prevalence of kinesiophobia in patients who had undergone lumbar microdiscectomy and to examine its associations with pain intensity, disability, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with surgery. Forty-eight patients with microdiscectomy and 48 healthy controls were enrolled. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Roland-Morris Disability Index (RMDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D, respectively), and Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to both groups. The scores of TSK, RMDI, HADS-A, and HADS-D were significantly higher and SF-36 scores were significantly lower in the microdiscectomy than the control group (p<0.001 for all). In the microdiscectomy group, median (min-max) RMDI, HADS-A, and HADS-D scores were 19 (4-34), 10 (0-18), and 9 (0-18), respectively, in kinesiophobic patients, and were significantly higher than 6 (2-20), 3 (0-11), 2.5 (0-11) in non-kinesiophobic patients (all p<0.001). The median (min-max) SF-36 PCS, SF-36 MCS, and VAS scores for surgery satisfaction were 36.5 (8.7-75), 52.1 (11-95), 5, 5 (0-10), respectively, in kinesiophobic patients and were significantly lower than 71 (28-95), 85.5 (9-93), 8.5 (3-10) in non-kinesiophobic patients (all p<0.05). TSK scores were significantly correlated with RMDI, HADS-A, HADS-D, SF-36, and surgery satisfaction scores (all p<0.05). Kinesiophobic patients with lumbar microdiscectomy therefore showed greater disability and psychological morbidity, poorer quality of life, and lower satisfaction with surgery.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama0022-34922026A retrospective cohort study comparing periodontal regeneration using fibroblast growth factor‐2 versus autologous bone graftENToshikiMatsumotoDepartment of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityShinNakamuraDepartment of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYukiIto‐ShinodaDepartment of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityMaiSakamotoDepartment of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTakayukiIshiiDepartment of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYasukiNonomuraDepartment of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHidetakaIdeguchiDepartment of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKeisukeOkuboDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalKazuTakeuchi‐HatanakaDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalKazuhiroOmoriDepartment of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTadashiYamamotoThe Center for Graduate Medical Education (Dental Division), Okayama University HospitalShogoTakashibaDepartment of Pathophysiology–Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityBackground: Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a novel agent utilized in periodontal regeneration therapy. However, its clinical efficacy compared with autologous bone graft (ABG), a long-established treatment, remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of FGF-2 and ABG and to assess the impact of patient background factors on outcomes when using FGF-2.<br>
Methods: We collected the subjects from January 2013 to September 2023. Clinical outcomes included the vertical bone defect improvement rate (VBDIR) and the probing pocket depth improvement (PPDI). Clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, and hypertension. Additionally, a multilevel linear analysis was performed to assess factors influencing outcomes in FGF-2.<br>
Results: A total of 180 sites from 141 patients (FGF-2: 150 sites; ABG: 30 sites) were evaluated. Both VBDIR and PPDI significantly improved postoperatively in both groups. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between FGF-2 and ABG. In FGF-2, smoking history was positively associated, while the preoperative bone defect angle (BDA) was negatively associated with clinical outcomes.<br>
Conclusions: FGF-2 might exhibit clinical outcomes comparable to those of ABG, suggesting it is a clinically viable alternative for vertical bone defects. When using FGF-2, patient-specific factors such as smoking history and preoperative BDA should be considered carefully.<br>
The name in the trial registry: A survey of clinical practice and evaluation of treatment outcomes of periodontal regenerative therapy using REGROTH at Okayama University HospitalNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama2059-36351112026Osimertinib inhibits the MYLK4-mediated phosphorylation of CDKAL1 to suppress stemness and chemoresistance in rhabdomyosarcoma26ENTakutoItanoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesRongshengHuangDepartment of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesToshifumiOzakiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesEijiNakataDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAtsushiFujimuraDepartment of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama1687-8728202612026Experimental Analysis of Automatic Discrimination Performance Between Simulated Bruxism and Non‐Bruxism Under Conscious Conditions Using Electromyography and Machine Learning7874254ENHajimeMinakuchiDepartment of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMitsuhiroNagasakiDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of TokyoLộc HoàngĐìnhDepartment of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHarunaMikiDepartment of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKoOmoriDepartment of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTazukoNishimuraDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of TokyoTakuoKubokiDepartment of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNobuakiMinematsuDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of TokyoPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of machine learning to automatically classify electromyography (EMG) data into bruxism simulated movement with tooth contact (BMwTC), bruxism simulated movement without tooth contact (BMwoTC), and non-bruxism movement (non-BM).<br>
Methods: Twelve eligible healthy participants (female/male: 2/10, mean age: 35.3 ± 8.4 years) were asked to perform the simulated movements (all the tasks were performed five times for 5 s each with a 30-s rest interval). The electrodes were placed on the masseter, infrahyoid, inframandibular, and chin muscles. A sound sensor was placed adjacent to the masseter. The EMG and sound data were sampled at 1 and 44.1 kHz, respectively. Single- and multi-stream hidden Markov models (HMMs) were used to automatically discriminate the tested behavior from the others using a hamming window with 100 ms and shift length of 50 ms. The leave-one-out method was used for training and testing the model, with data from 11 participants used for training and one for testing. Each participant was evaluated, and the final performance was measured by averaging the results of 12 classification trials. The validity of the discrimination was assessed by calculating the harmony mean values using six EMG signals and the sound data.<br>
Results: The masseter EMG demonstrated significantly higher discrimination accuracy in the single-stream model (p < 0.05, One-way ANOVA, Tukey HDS). The multi-stream model also demonstrated higher accuracy; however, no significant difference was observed. Notably, the accuracy of BMwoTC was less than 0.5.<br>
Conclusion: The machine-learning-based discriminative system accurately discriminates BMwTC from non-BM using masseter EMG.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.BMJActa Medica Okayama2044-605515122025Effectiveness of education programme to increase competency of health cadres in Indonesia: a cluster non-randomised controlled triale095428ENDewieSulistyoriniGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityK A T M EhsanulHuqGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityAbdulfatai OlamilekanBabaitaGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversitySadia AAiveyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityGaoHuiyingGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityKanaKazawaFaculty of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityYasukoFukushimaGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityMayumiKakoGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityMichikoMoriyamaGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityObjectives Health cadres, who assist midwives in supporting pregnant women in community settings, need to enhance their competencies in identifying risk factors and referring high-risk pregnant women to midwives for further care. Since the capabilities of these health cadres are influenced by maternal complications, an educational programme was implemented to strengthen their skills. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the competency of health cadres by providing a researcher-developed educational programme.<br>
Design An open-label, cluster non-randomised controlled trial.<br>
Setting and participants Health cadres with at least 1 year of work experience were recruited at six public health centres (PHCs) in Banjarnegara Regency, Indonesia.<br>
Interventions Six PHCs were selected and allocated into intervention group (IG=3 PHCs) and control group (CG=3 PHCs) groups. A total of 133 female health cadres were enrolled across the selected PHCs. At each PHC, a systematic random sampling method was used to select the participants. The researchers and health professionals provided a 3-week period of theoretical and scenario-based simulations to the IG, while the CG received no education.<br>
Outcome measures Researcher-developed questionnaires and checklists were used to assess the knowledge, skills (health assessment, communication, attitude) and confidence. The primary endpoint was competency, a total score of knowledge and skills. The outcome domains were compared between the two groups, and a linear mixed-effect model was used to account for cluster-level variation.<br>
Results A total of 130 (97.7%) completed the study (IG:64, CG:66). The competency score showed significant improvement at endline (CG=49.5 and IG=52.5; p=0.002). The median scores for health assessment skills (CG=12 vs IG=14; p<0.001) and communication skills (CG=7 vs IG=8; p<0.001) were increased in the IG compared with the CG. Mixed-effect model indicated that groups (β (95% CI) 2.49 (0.57 to 4.41), p=0.012), baseline knowledge (β(95% CI) 0.73 (0.54 to 0.92), p<0.001) and midline health assessment skills (β (95% CI) 0.54 (0.25 to 0.82), p<0.001) were significant positive predictors, while age was negatively associated with competency (β (95% CI) −0.20 (−0.30 to −0.10), p<0.001)).<br>
Conclusion Education effectively increased the competency of health cadres. A well-structured education programme is necessary for health cadres to improve and maintain their competencies in monitoring high-risk pregnant women.<br>
Trial registration number NCT06134518.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama2211-12474512026Immunopeptidomics combined with full-length transcriptomics uncovers diverse neoantigens116781ENTakamasaIshinoDepartment of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomofumiWatanabeDepartment of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSerinaTokitaDivision of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata UniversityYoukiUedaDepartment of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKatsushigeKawaseDivision of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteYukaTakanoDepartment of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYin MinThuDepartment of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYutaSuzukiDepartment of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of TokyoChieOwaDepartment of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of TokyoTakashiInozumeDepartment of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineWenhaoZhouDepartment of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJojiNagasakiDepartment of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVitalyKochinDepartment of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineToshihideUenoDivision of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research InstituteShinyaKojimaDivision of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research InstituteAkikoHonobe-TabuchiDepartment of Dermatology, University of YamanashiTatsuyoshiKawamuraDepartment of Dermatology, University of YamanashiTakehiroOhnumaDepartment of Dermatology, Kumamoto Kenhoku HospitalTakamitsuMatsuzawaDepartment of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineYuKawaharaDepartment of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineKazuoYamashitaKOTAI Biotechnologies, IncJasonLinDivision of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteJunKosekiDivision of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineHiroyoshiNishikawaDepartment of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineMotooArakiDepartment of Urology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNaoyaKatoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityTeppeiShimamuraDivision of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineShinichiMorishitaDepartment of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of TokyoYutakaSuzukiDepartment of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of TokyoHiroyukiManoDivision of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research InstituteToshihikoTorigoeTakayukiKanasekiDivision of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata UniversityMasahitoKawazuDivision of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteYosukeTogashiDepartment of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNeoantigens are crucial for antitumor immunity and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy by triggering strong immune responses. However, conventional methods for identifying neoantigens, such as whole-exon sequencing and short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), appear to be insufficient, and the tumor mutational burden cannot sufficiently predict ICI efficacy. In this study, we employed a proteogenomic approach using long-read RNA-seq with Pacific Biosciences Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing technology to analyze full-length transcripts in combination with the human leukocyte antigen ligandome. As a result, many neoantigen candidates were identified, which were unregistered in a comprehensive database, including those from non-coding regions. Additionally, we validated the responses of specific T cell receptors (TCRs) to these candidates and identified several pairs of TCRs and neoantigens. These findings highlight the presence of more diverse neoantigens than expected that cannot be identified by conventional methods.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama2328-89571312025Impact of Candida Care Bundle Compliance on the Prognosis of Patients With Candidemia: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study With Propensity Score Matching Analysis (2016–2023)ofaf790ENHidemasaAkazawaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University HospitalShinnosukeFukushimaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University HospitalToshieHiguchiDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Okayama Red Cross HospitalTomokoMiyoshiCenter for Medical Education and Internationalization, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineYasuhiroNakanoDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKojiIioMicrobiology Division, Clinical Laboratory, Okayama University HospitalYukinobuAkamatsuDepartment of General Medicine, Tottori Municipal HospitalYutoHarukiDepartment of Pharmacy, Tsuyama Chuo HospitalYoshitakaIwamotoDepartment of General Medicine, NHO Okayama Medical CenterShuichiTanakaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShunFujisatoDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama Rousai HospitalSoichiroAkoDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHideharuHagiyaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University HospitalBackground. Candidemia is a life-threatening infection with high mortality, and appropriate management is essential to improve patient outcomes. The Candida Care Bundle aims to standardize hospital management for patients with candidemia and reduce mortality.<br>
Methods. This retrospective multicenter cohort study included candidemia cases from 9 hospitals in Japan between 2016 and 2023. Compliance to the Candida Care Bundle was evaluated based on 5 elements: central venous catheter removal within 24 hours, appropriate antifungal therapy, ophthalmologic examination, follow-up blood cultures, and antifungal treatment for ≥2 weeks after clearance. Patients were categorized into high (4–5 items) and low (0–3 items) compliance groups. The primary and secondary outcomes were defined as 30-day survival and the development of endophthalmitis, with propensity score matching used to adjust for potential confounders.<br>
Results. Among 230 patients, 160 (69.5%) were classified into the high compliance group, which exhibited significantly lower 30-day mortality than the low compliance group (8.8% vs 57.1%, P < .01). Even after matching, the high compliance group remained independently associated with improved survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .08–.30). C. albicans (HR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.01–3.52) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (HR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.35–5.12) were associated with the fatal outcome. Endophthalmitis involved 23.6% of the patients, being associated with C. albicans (odds ratio [OR]: 8.18; 4.46–19.30) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (OR: 2.69; 1.08–6.70).<br>
Conclusions. Strict compliance to the Candida Care Bundle significantly improves survival, underscoring its importance in candidemia management.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama0029-6473202612026Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Pain Management Among Nurses in University-Affiliated Hospitals in Western Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study9991157ENMengyaoXiGraduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University,YukiKajiwaraFaculty of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityTakakoHiramatsuDepartment of Nursing, Kawasaki Medical School HospitalMichikoMorimotoFaculty of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityBackground: Pain is a major global concern. Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward pain management are critical determinants of pain care quality and patient outcomes, making them essential for effective clinical practice.<br>
Objective: This study aimed to assess nurses’ pain management knowledge and attitudes using the Japanese version of the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (J-KASRP), applied for the first time in Japan, and to examine how background factors affect these aspects.<br>
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1589 nurses in three university-affiliated hospitals in Western Japan. Data were collected using a questionnaire capturing sociodemographic information and the J-KASRP. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and effect size were used to analyze J-KASRP scores and subdomains. Tukey’s honestly significant difference test was applied for post hoc comparisons across clinical experience patterns.<br>
Results: Of 1001 respondents, 856 valid responses (85.5%) were analyzed. The mean age was 30.1 years (SD = 8.3), and the mean total correct response rate for the J-KASRP was 59.8%; only 1.3% scored ≥ 80%. Cancer-related pain had the lowest J-KASRP subdomain score (42.5%, SD = 20.3%). Higher total J-KASRP scores were found for those with a higher level of education, prior clinical pain education, and recent opioid administration experience (all p < 0.001, effect size > 0.2). In an exploratory pattern analysis, regardless of education level, respondents with both education and opioid administering experience had the highest total and pharmacology subdomains’ scores. No significant differences in cancer-related pain subdomain were observed across patterns of clinical experiences.<br>
Conclusions: This first application of the J-KASRP in Japan revealed that nurses’ pain management knowledge and attitudes need to be strengthened, especially for cancer-related pain and opioid pharmacology. The study findings highlight the importance of pain management strengthening education and training to enhance nurses’ evidence-based knowledge and clinical competence.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.American Chemical Society (ACS)Acta Medica Okayama2694-2445562025Electronic Structure of the S1 State Manganese Cluster in Photosystem II Investigated Using Q-Band Selective Hole-Burning660671ENShinyaKosakiDepartment of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityNaohikoNakamuraDepartment of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityYoshikiNakajimaResearch Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Advanced Research Field, and Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityJian-RenShenResearch Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Advanced Research Field, and Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHiroyukiMinoDepartment of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya UniversityThe electronic structure of the S1 state of photosystem II (PSII) was investigated using selective hole burning of Q-band pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance. The free induction decay and spin–echo signals of the tyrosine radical YD• in the plant PSII oscillated because of the magnetic dipole–dipole interaction with the S1 state Mn cluster. The initial period was 410 ns (2.44 MHz) and was assigned to the S = 1 spin state. Based on the oscillation analysis, both Mn1 and Mn4 and both Mn2 and Mn3 were assigned as Mn(III) and Mn(IV), respectively, which is consistent with the quantum chemical calculations. The 410 ns period was accounted for in the simplified model using the isotropic spin density distribution ratio [1.6:–1.1:–1.1:1.6] for Mn1–4 ions. This oscillation was identical with that observed in the presence of methanol. The oscillation decreased in PsbP/Q- and PsbO/P/Q-depleted PSII. In Thermosynechococcus vulcanus, two periods, 390 ns (2.56 MHz) and 630 ns (1.59 MHz), were detected, indicating that the cyanobacterial S1 state includes two isomers, S = 1 and S ≥ 2 spins. The S ≥ 2 spin was not detected in PsbO/U/V-depleted PSII without polyethylene glycol. The S ≥ 2 state was consistent with the reported quantum chemical calculation using S = 3. A simplified model accounted for the S = 1 state as the spin density distribution [1.8:–1.3:–1.3:1.8] and for the S ≥ 2 state as the isotropic spin density distribution [−0.5:0.5:0.5:0.5] for Mn1–4 ions. In combination with quantum chemical calculations, the most probable protonated structure is W1 = H2O, W2 = H2O, O4 = O2–, and O5 = O2– for the S1 state. These results demonstrate that the selective hole burning method is a powerful tool to complement X-ray studies to determine the valence and protonation structure of manganese clusters, not only in the S1 state but also in higher S-states and general metal clusters, which would provide important insights into the water oxidation mechanism.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama0301-486X19062025Prognostic Value of Serum (1→3)-β-D-Glucan Levels in Patients with Candidemia Stratified by Compliance with Candida Bundle: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study (2016–2023)90ENHidemasaAkazawaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShinnosukeFukushimaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University HospitalToshieHiguchiDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Okayama Red Cross HospitalTomokoMiyoshiCenter for Medical Education and Internationalization, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineYasuhiroNakanoDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKojiIioMicrobiology Division, Clinical Laboratory, Okayama University HospitalYukinobuAkamatsuDepartment of General Medicine, Tottori Municipal HospitalYutoHarukiDepartment of Pharmacy, Tsuyama Chuo HospitalYoshitakaIwamotoDepartment of General Medicine, NHO Okayama Medical CenterShuichiTanakaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShunFujisatoDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama Rousai HospitalSoichiroAkoDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHideharuHagiyaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University HospitalBackground Candidemia is a severe systemic infection with a high mortality risk. While β-D-glucan (BDG) serves as a diagnostic biomarker, its prognostic value in candidemia, particularly in association with Candida bundle compliance, remains unclear.<br>
Methods In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we evaluated 96 patients with candidemia across nine Japanese hospitals between 2016 and 2023. Candida bundle compliance was assessed using five key components: central venous catheter removal within 24 h of diagnosis, appropriate initial antifungal therapy, ophthalmologic examination, follow-up blood cultures until clearance, and antifungal therapy for at least two weeks post-clearance. Analyses stratified patients by serum BDG status (positive/negative) and compliance with the Candida bundle (high: 4–5 points; low: 0–3 points). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and the secondary outcome was defined as endophthalmitis incidence.<br>
Results Of 96 eligible patients with candidemia, 70 (72.9%) were BDG-positive and 26 (27.1%) were BDG-negative. The overall 30-day mortality was 17.7%. Among BDG-positive patients, 15 (21.4%) died, while 2 (7.7%) died in BDG-negative cohorts (p = 0.09). Serum BDG positivity demonstrated a statistically significant association with decreased survival rates in the low bundle adherence group (p = 0.02), whereas this correlation was not observed among patients in the high-compliance cohort (p = 0.66). Endophthalmitis occurred in 25.0% of patients, without significant correlation to serum BDG status. C. albicans was associated with a significantly higher incidence of endophthalmitis compared with non-albicans species (45.7% vs. 8.9%).<br>
Conclusions Serum BDG positivity potentially correlates with worse survival in candidemia, particularly in patients with low bundle compliance. This emphasizes the importance of adherence to standardized Candida management protocols for optimizing patient outcomes.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Public Library of Science (PLoS)Acta Medica Okayama1932-62032092025Impact of COVID-19 on the awareness and interest in infectious disease specialization among Japanese medical studentse0329451ENNarutoKamadaFaculty of Medicine, Wakayama Medical UniversityHideharuHagiyaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Okayama University HospitalSatoshiKutsunaDepartment of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka UniversityBackground<br>
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the critical deficiency of infectious disease (ID) specialists, a subspecialty that remains underrepresented among Japanese medical students.<br>
Methods<br>
This nationwide cross-sectional survey was administered between April and August 2024 via an online questionnaire distributed to medical students throughout Japan. The survey assessed awareness of and interest in ID specialization, categorizing students by academic year: lower (first- and second-year students), middle (third- and fourth-year students), and upper grades (fifth- and sixth-year students).<br>
Results<br>
Of 502 respondents, data for 492 medical students were eligible, of whom 69.7% demonstrated awareness of ID specialists, with recognition rates increasing proportionally with academic progression. Regarding career aspirations, 9.8% of respondents expressed interest in pursuing ID specialization, with the highest proportion observed among upper-grade students (19.4%). Male students (14.8%) expressed greater interest in ID specialization than female students (5.2%). The pandemic positively influenced 5.5% of students to consider ID specialization as a future career, whereas only 0.6% reported a negative impact.<br>
Conclusions<br>
These findings underscore the necessity of enhanced educational initiatives to promote ID specialization among medical students, addressing current shortages and future infectious disease preparedness.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.American Society for MicrobiologyActa Medica Okayama0066-480469122025Genomic portrayal of emerging carbapenem-resistant El Tor variant Vibrio cholerae O1e00740-25ENSreejaShawICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsAgila KumariPragasamV. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Indian Council of Medical ResearchGoutamChowdhuryICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsProsenjitSamantaICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsDeboleenaRoyICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsDebjaniGhoshICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsThandavarayanRamamurthyICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsJignaKariaMedical College BarodaGovindNinamaMedical College BarodaShin-ichiMiyoshiOkayama UniversityYukihiroAkedaNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesHemantaKoleyICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsAsish KumarMukhopadhyayICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsThe escalating prevalence of carbapenem-resistant (CR) enteric pathogens elicits significant challenges to public health management and effective antimicrobial therapy. While carbapenem resistance is rare in Vibrio cholerae O1 (VC), the recent emergence of CR strains reveals a concerning shift in their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) landscape. This study aims to characterize the resistance mechanisms in newly identified El Tor CRVC isolated from cholera patients in Gujarat, India during 2019. Fifty VC isolates were screened for major virulence-associated genes along with the determination of their antibiotic resistance profiles using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and MIC assays. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of CR. All the isolates exhibited hypervirulent Haitian alleles of major virulence genes and AMR profiles of typical multidrug resistance (MDR). Strikingly, 12% (6/50) of them were resistant to carbapenems and other antibiotics. Molecular analysis revealed that these CR isolates were clonally related and harbored a 142 kbp IncA/C type conjugative mega-plasmid with several AMR encoding genes, including blaNDM-1, that can be easily transferred to other bacterial species and confer donor AMR patterns. The plasmid’s competence for horizontal gene transfer presents a significant risk of dissemination to other enteric pathogens and thereby may complicate the treatment. This finding emphasizes the urgent need for enhanced genomic surveillance and robust antimicrobial stewardship programs aimed at curbing the spread of CRVC strains and mitigating their impact on cholera treatment and containment strategies.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025第19回日本臨床検査学教育学会学術大会149149ENSatoshiHirohataDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155813732025遺伝性腫瘍に関する大学生の知識と意識調査126131ENReimiSogawaDepartment of Clinical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Kagawa University HospitalTakahitoWadaDepartment of Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineAkiraHirasawaDepartment of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKensukeKumamotoDepartment of Clinical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Kagawa University HospitalIoriOhmoriSpecial Needs Education, Faculty of Education, Okayama University Genomic information plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, as well as in the management of asymptomatic individuals. This study assessed the knowledge and understanding of genetics and hereditary cancer among college students who received cancer education in Japan. The study subjects were students from fields such as education, medicine, law, and economics who participated during the period from February to December 2023. The students attended in-person lectures on genomic medicine, and they were then asked to complete an anonymous survey via Google Forms. Over 90％ of the participants reported understanding the content of the lectures, and >80％ indicated that they found the lecture's content understandable at a junior high school level. Over 60％ felt that the appropriate time to begin such education would be in late elementary or junior high school. These results indicate a high level of acceptance of hereditary cancer education among young people. However, challenges remain in their understanding of the roles of genetic factors in cancer development and the mechanisms by which inheritance and phenotype are manifested. The relevant educational programs need to be further refined and strengthened.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.American Chemical Society (ACS)Acta Medica Okayama0006-296064202025Characterization of Autonomous and Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Activities of CaMKK Isoforms In Vitro and in Mouse Tissues43094317ENSatomiOhtsukaApplied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityYerunChenApplied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityMasakiMagariApplied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityTeruhikoIshikawaDepartment of Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityHiroyukiSakagamiDepartment of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of MedicineFutoshiSuizuClinical Examination Department, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health SciencesHiroshiTokumitsuApplied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityCa2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) phosphorylates and activates downstream kinases, including CaMKI, CaMKIV, PKB, and AMPK, regulating various cellular functions such as neuronal morphogenesis, metabolic control, and pathophysiological pathways, such as cancer progression. CaMKKα/1 is tightly regulated by an autoinhibitory mechanism. CaMKKβ/2 activity is highly Ca2+/CaM-independent (autonomous activity) in vitro and Ca2+/CaM-dependent in cultured cells. Whether these two activity states of CaMKKβ/2 exist in vivo and the detailed regulatory mechanisms for the transition of both activity states remain unclear due to the difficulty in distinguishing the two activity states. In this study, we detected Ca2+-dependent and autonomous CaMKK activity in HeLa cells and successfully separated both activity states of CaMKKβ/2 in mouse brain and testis extracts using a recently developed CaMKK inhibitor (TIM-063)-coupled sepharose, which binds to the catalytic domain in the active state but not in the autoinhibited state. Furthermore, lambda protein phosphatase treatment converted the Ca2+/CaM-dependent form to the autonomous form of CaMKKβ/2, which was not affected by Ala mutation of Ser128, Ser132, and Ser136. The two activity forms of CaMKKβ/2 had equivalent Ca2+/CaM-binding ability. The findings demonstrate the presence of autonomous and Ca2+/CaM-dependent forms of CaMKKβ/2 independently in mouse tissues and cultured cells. The transition of these states of CaMKKβ/2 may be dynamically regulated by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of serine residues in the N-terminal regulatory domain.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama0897-38063822025Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors222225ENJoeIwanagaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of MedicineHee‐JinKimDivision in Anatomy & Development Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of DentistryKeiichiAkitaDepartment of Clinical Anatomy, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)Bari M.LoganUKRalph T.HutchingsUKNicolásOttoneDepartment of Integral Adult Dentistry, Center for Research in Dental Sciences (CICO), Dental School, Universidad de La FronteraYoichiNonakaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tokai University School of MedicineMahindraAnandDepartment of Anatomy, Rama Medical College & Research CentreDannyBurnsDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George's UniversityVishramSinghDepartment of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationMariaPeris‐CeldaDepartment of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo ClinicFranciscoMartinez‐SorianoDepartment of Anatomy, University of ValenciaNihalApaydinDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara UniversityAmgadHannaDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of WisconsinNobutakaYoshiokaDepartment of Neuroplastic and Reconstructive Surgery Social Medical Corporation Kotobukikai Tominaga HospitalJuanFernandez‐MirandaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of MedicineMi‐SunHurDepartment of Anatomy, Daegu Catholic University School of MedicineMohammadali M.ShojaDepartment of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University (NSU) FarhoodSaremiDepartment of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center FranciscoReinaMedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience Research Group, University of GironaYokoTabiraDivision of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of MedicineAnnaCarreraMedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience Research Group, University of GironaJonathan D.SprattUniversity Hospital of North DurhamS. YenHoCardiac Morphology, Royal Brompton & Harefield HospitalsShumpeiMoriUniversity of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Cardiovascular and Interventional Programs, UCLA Health System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA NoritakaKomuneDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityKoichiWatanabeDivision of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of MedicineAlbertoPrats‐GalinoLaboratory of Surgical NeuroAnatomy (LSNA), director of the Body Donation and Dissection Rooms Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health of Science, University of BarcelonaJoseDe AndrésSurgery Specialties Department, University of ValenciaMiguel AngelReinaCEU‐San‐Pablo University School of MedicinePeter H.AbrahamsWarwick Medical SchoolRobert H.AndersonBiosciences Institute, Newcastle UniversitySoichiroIbaragiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityMariosLoukasDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George's UniversityR. ShaneTubbsDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of MedicineNowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose. Cadaveric photos and drawings made from dissections of cadavers have been used in anatomy textbooks and atlases for hundreds of years. They are invaluable for anatomy students and clinical/surgical practitioners. The IFAA guidelines should not restrict the use of those older books; to do so would infringe the rights of those seeking knowledge from these resources. As the images in such textbooks and atlases are anonymized and are used for teaching and research, and the donors and their families are informed about this before the donation, we believe no additional consent is needed. It is impossible to separate educational from “commercial” usage entirely in any situation, e.g., publications from publishers and the use of cadavers in medical schools. Therefore, our best efforts to avoid unethical use of cadaveric images by following traditional consent processes are still needed so that more people will reap the benefits from them. As senior textbook/atlas authors/editors from over 10 countries, we believe that using cadaveric images in anatomy textbooks is appropriate, and no additional consent should be necessary. Such usage falls within the good faith of professionals using these invaluable gifts.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama1347-69478962025PNGase activity and free N-glycans in phloem fluid prepared from Nerium oleander (oleander tree)872875ENFukiOtaguroGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYoshinobuKimuraGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityMegumiMaedaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityFree N-glycans (FNGs) occur ubiquitously in growing plants. Recently, it was reported that these FNGs interact with auxin. In this study, we investigated whether PNGase activity responsible for producing the FNGs occurs in the extracellular fluid, where auxin is present during its polar transfer. Here, we report the occurrences of PNGase activity and FNGs in the phloem fluid.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama0169-555X4932026Coast uplifted by nearby shore-parallel active submarine faults during the 2024 Mw 7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake110069ENHideakiGotoHiroshima UniversityTomoruYamanakaNatural History Museum and Institute ChibaTomohiroMakitaHiroshima UniversityYoshiyaIwasaUniversity of Teacher Education FukuokaTakuroOguraHyogo University of Teacher EducationKyokoKagoharaYamaguchi UniversityYasuhiroKumaharaHiroshima UniversityYasuhiroSuzukiNagoya UniversityNobuhisaMattaOkayama UniversityTatsutoAokiKanazawa UniversityWataruMoriHiroshima UniversityKentaHaranishiHiroshima UniversityTakashiNakataHiroshima UniversityAn Mw 7.5 earthquake occurred at 16:10 JST on January 1, 2024 at a depth of 16 km on the Noto Peninsula, central Japan. This earthquake was the second-largest intraplate earthquake recorded in Japan during 120 years of seismic observation, and it caused approximately 100 km of coastal seafloor emergence along the peninsula's northern coast. Herein, we mapped the emergence of this coastal seafloor and measured the uplift along the coast. The movement of the coastline led to the emergence of approximately 4.4 km2 of seafloor, which is continuous and probably the longest in the world. We determined the uplift distribution along the coast using the white remains of a reddish seaweed called Corallina pilulifera. Its upper limit exhibited a distinct horizontal line, effectively representing the uplift amount throughout the peninsula. Two large, uplifted regions were identified, around Cape Saruyama (5.21 m) in the west and Cape Kurasaki (2.70 m) in the north. Although active offshore submarine faults have been extensively researched, the fault traces remain poorly defined because they are primarily interpreted from seismic reflection profiles. We identified the distribution of active submarine faults using anaglyph-type stereoscopic images, confirming the subsurface deformation structure seen through the seismic reflection profiles. The main fault trace is primarily straight and contiguous with the nearby north coast. The uplift amount is greater near the active fault traces on the north side and diminishes sharply with increasing distance from these faults, indicating a southward tilt of surface uplift related to the active submarine faults.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama0169-555X4682025Surface exposure ages of middle–late Pleistocene marine and fluvial terraces along the northern and southern Sanriku coasts, Northeast Japan109497ENSachiWakasaInstitute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki UniversityTatsuyaIshiyamaEarthquake Research Institute, University of TokyoDaisukeHirouchiFaculty of Education, Shinshu UniversityNobuhisaMattaFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityNatsukoFujitaTono Geoscience center, Japan Atomic Energy AgencyTomooEchigoKankyo Chisitsu, Co.To estimate long-term rates of coastal uplift along the northern Pacific coast of Northeast Japan, we determined the surface exposure ages of marine and fluvial terraces based on terrestrial in situ cosmogenic radionuclide dating of exposed bedrock surfaces. Based on reinterpretation of marine and fluvial terraces, we collected samples from the northern and southern Sanriku coast. The surface exposure ages from 10Be concentrations in quartz calculated from the measured 10Be/9Be ratios commonly suggest MIS 5 and MIS 7 for the marine and fluvial terraces and averaged coastal uplift rates of ca. 0.25 ± 0.15 and 0.4 mm/yr along the northern and southern Sanriku coast at intermediate timescales. The results may demonstrate different styles of crustal strain accommodation in the northern Northeast Japan arc above the subducting Pacific plate.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama0010-94521942026Increasing visual uncertainty modulates multisensory decision-making5062ENXiangfuYangGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityWeipingYangDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei UniversityYinghuaYuGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityYoshimichiEjimaGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityJiajiaYangGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityThe brain integrates and transforms information from multiple senses to make optimal decisions, a process that is critical for navigating complex environments with perceptual uncertainty. Despite a growing consensus that individuals adapt flexibly to uncertain sensory input, whether increasing visual uncertainty influences the decision process itself or other, non-decision sensory processes during multisensory decision-making are unclear. Here, an audiovisual categorization task was used to examine the responses of human participants (N = 30) to visual and audiovisual stimuli under low-, medium-, and high-uncertainty conditions. Modeling the behavioral data using a drift‒diffusion model indicated that increased visual uncertainty in the audiovisual context decreased the evidence accumulation rate but had no effect on non-decision processes. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed and expanded upon these results: increased visual uncertainty in the audiovisual context reduced the amplitude during the late decision-making stage (300–380 msec) but had no effect on the amplitude during the early sensory encoding stage (140–220 msec). More importantly, electroencephalography analyses revealed that audiovisual integration in the early sensory encoding stage occurred robustly across all visual uncertainty conditions, whereas audiovisual integration in the late stage occurred only under medium and high visual uncertainty conditions. This study demonstrated that increased visual uncertainty modulates the decision process itself rather than early sensory encoding during multisensory decision-making. Moreover, multisensory integration strategies dynamically adapt to increasing visual uncertainty by engaging different mechanisms to maintain effective decision-making.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Okayama University Medical SchoolActa Medica Okayama0386-300X7962025Perioperative Team Management Was Beneficially Associated with Prolonged Postoperative Hospital Stays after Long Lower-Abdominal Surgeries445449ENJunyaMatsumiDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalOriginal Article10.18926/AMO/69847Our hospital began a PERIO program (perioperative patient management by a multi-disciplinary team from multiple departments) in 2016 to improve patient outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical effects of the PERIO program regarding the postoperative hospital stay (PHS) in the patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent long lower-abdominal surgery at our hospital during the period April 2019 to March 2023. We excluded the cases of patients whose general anesthesia use was < 8 h, those for whom another surgery was performed simultaneously at another site, and emergency surgeries. The outcome was prolonged PHS, defined as exceeding the scheduled number of days specified in the patient’s clinical pathway. Among the 480 patients, prolonged PHS was observed for 270 patients (56.3%). In a multivariate logistic regression using advanced age, sex, high-risk general state, surgery requiring colon resection, serious adverse events (SAEs), and PERIO use, the following were associated with prolonged PHS: advance age (odds ratio [OR] 4.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.68-8.99, p=0.01), surgery requiring colon resection (OR 4.91, 95%CI: 2.68-8.99, p<0.001), SAE (OR 18.7, 95%CI: 7.22-48.2, p<0.001), and PERIO (OR 0.25, 95%CI: 0.13-0.47, p<0.001). The use of the PERIO program was thus beneficially associated with PHS after long lower-abdominal surgery.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama2076-342515112025Sensory Modality-Dependent Interplay Between Updating and Inhibition Under Increased Working Memory Load: An ERP Study1178ENYuxiLuoGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityAoGuoDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal UniversityJinglongWuFaculty of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyJiajiaYangGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityBackground/Objectives: Working memory (WM) performance relies on the coordination of updating and inhibition functions within the central executive system. However, their interaction under varying cognitive loads, particularly across sensory modalities, remains unclear. Methods: This study examined how sensory modality modulates flanker interference under increasing WM loads. Twenty-two participants performed a visual n-back task at three load levels (1-, 2-, and 3-back) while ignoring visual (within-modality) or auditory (cross-modality) flankers. Results: Behaviorally, increased WM load (2- and 3-back) led to reduced accuracy (AC) and prolonged reaction times (RTs) in both conditions. In addition, flanker interference was observed under the 2-back condition in both the visual within-modality (VM) and audiovisual cross-modality (AVM) tasks. However, performance impairment emerged at a lower load (2-back) in the VM condition, whereas in the AVM condition, it only emerged at the highest load (3-back). Significant performance impairment in the AVM condition occurred at higher WM loads, suggesting that greater WM load is required to trigger interference. Event-related potential (ERP) results showed that N200 amplitudes increased significantly for incongruent flankers under the highest WM load (3-back) in the visual within-modality condition, reflecting greater inhibitory demands. In the cross-modality condition, enhanced N200 was not observed across all loads and even reversed at low load (1-back). Moreover, the results also showed that P300 amplitude increased with load in the within-modality condition but decreased in the cross-modality condition. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the interaction between updating and inhibition is shaped by both WM load and sensory modality, further supporting a sensory modality-specific resource allocation mechanism. The cross-modality configurations may enable more efficient distribution of cognitive resources under high load, reducing interference between concurrent executive demands.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama2189-79482642025Video review by utilizing asynchronous video communication platform375378ENYukiOtsukaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesEikoMitsudaKato & Namiki-dori HospitalYukichikaYamamotoDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAtsushiKatoDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesManoSoshiBonBon, IncMasayaHiguchiHarvard Medical SchoolMikakoObikaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesFumioOtsukaDepartment of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTadayukiHashimotoDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBackground: Video review is widely recognized as an effective method for teaching communication; however, it can increase educators' workload and learners' stress.<br>
Methods: We utilized Tsucom, an online platform developed by BonBon, Inc., which enables asynchronous video communication instead of traditional styles. An 11-min and 42-s consultation video from a fifth-year resident was uploaded, and 10 physicians provided 30 text-based feedback.<br>
Results: In this pilot survey, the utility and ease of use were rated 4.4 and 4.1 out of 5, respectively.<br>
Conclusions: While asynchronous online video reviews provided flexibility and greater participation, challenges remain, and further trials and evaluations were deemed necessary.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama2042-88122025122025Endoscopic surgery for distal femoral physeal bar resection with computed tomography-assisted navigation: a case reportrjaf972ENYasutakaMasadaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomonoriTetsunagaDepartment of Musculoskeletal Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKazukiYamadaDepartment of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTomohiroInoueDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesRyuichiroOkudaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTetsuyaYamamotoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShinMatsumotoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomokoTetsunagaDepartment of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYusukeYokoyamaDepartment of Advanced Rehabilitation Medicine for the Musculoskeletal System, Okayama UniversityYukiOkazakiCenter for Education in Medicine and Health Sciences, Okayama UniversityToshifumiOzakiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityThe formation of physeal bars, or bony bridges, following growth plate injuries can cause complications such as angular deformities or discrepancies in leg length. The management strategies for these depend on factors such as the bar’s location, extent, and residual growth potential. Herein, we describe the case of a 14-year-old male with a valgus knee deformity caused by a distal femoral physeal bar. The patient underwent endoscopic resection of the bar, assisted by computed tomography-based navigation and intraoperative O-arm imaging. This minimally invasive technique facilitated safe and accurate removal of the lesion with less risk of complications such as cortical perforation or injury to adjacent neurovascular structures compared to traditional approaches. The patient experienced favorable postoperative outcomes, including restored knee range of motion and full symptom resolution. This approach demonstrates the clinical value of integrating endoscopy with advanced navigation systems during the surgical treatment of physeal bars.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama0883-29271872025Nitrogen distribution and nitrogen isotope fractionation in synthetic 2:1 phyllosilicates under hydrothermal conditions at 200 °C and saturated vapor pressure106403ENJaegukJoGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityToshiroYamanakaGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYoukoMiyoshiResearch Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)MasayaSuzukiResearch Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)YoshihiroKuwaharaDepartment of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu UniversityIsaoKadotaGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHitoshiChibaGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityBum HanLeeCritical Minerals Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM)This study investigates nitrogen distribution and isotope fractionation within synthetic 2:1 phyllosilicates, simulating submarine hydrothermal environments at 200 °C and saturated vapor pressure. XRD and EDS results revealed the potential coexistence of multiple cations in the interlayer of synthetic 2:1 phyllosilicate, concurrently suggesting cation substitution in the tetrahedral and/or octahedral sheets. Meanwhile, the iron-enriched 25-5 sample exhibited restricted interlayer expansibility. NH4+ absorptions were identified in the NH4-stretching (3200–2800 cm−1) and NH4-bending (1450–1400 cm−1) regions, with wavenumber shifts indicating the influence of interlayer water removal. At pH 10.56, over 95% of nitrogen was released into the gas phase, while at pH 8.88, nitrogen proportions in the liquid and gas phases were comparable (average 48–49%). Experiments with iron at pH ∼8.80 showed that the nitrogen proportion in the gas phase (average 28%) was more than twofold lower than that in the liquid phase (average 68%). Equilibrium isotope fractionation factors indicated discernible preference for heavier nitrogen isotopes in the solid phase (αsolid-liquid = 1.009–1.021 and αsolid-gas = 1.011–1.027). The αliquid-gas range for sample 25–2 was 1.001–1.008, while that for the iron-enriched composite 25–5 was 0.997–1.010. Our experimental studies have confirmed that, in the absence of exchange interactions with external substances possessing different nitrogen isotope ratios, nitrogen isotope fractionation between ammonium and ammonia, controlled by variations in temperature and pH during mineralization, plays a crucial role in the variation of nitrogen isotope ratios. Additionally, we confirmed that metal-amines influence nitrogen isotope fractionation by modulating ammonia gas emission. These findings enhance our understanding of nitrogen cycling across the gas, liquid, and solid phases in submarine hydrothermal systems.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)Acta Medica Okayama1463-926227182025Deoxygenative dual CO2 conversions: methylenation and switchable N-formylation/N-methylation of tryptamines53595365ENKazutoTakaishiDivision of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHajimeMorishitaDivision of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKosukeIwakiDivision of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTadashiEmaDivision of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityThe unprecedented one-pot synthesis of N-formyl/N-methyltryptolines from tryptamines was achieved via phenylsilane-assisted deoxygenative dual CO2 conversions. Two CO2 molecules acted as different synthons and were converted into methylene and N-formyl/N-methyl groups. The CO2 reduction step was catalyzed by a pentanuclear zinc complex at atmospheric pressure under solvent-free conditions. The N-formyl/N-methyl products could be switched by changing the amount of phenylsilane, and the amounts of in situ generated bis(silyl)acetals and silyl formates were key to the chemoselectivity. Methylenation, N-formylation, and N-methylation proceeded via the Pictet–Spengler reaction, amine–acid condensation, and the Eschweiler–Clarke reaction, respectively. The CO2 reduction with phenylsilane could also be applied to the one-pot three-step synthesis of spiro[oxindole-pyrrolidine]s.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.American Chemical Society (ACS)Acta Medica Okayama2574-09622025Enhanced Charge-Transfer Kinetics Enabled by ZrO2–Based Dielectric Layers in Lithium-Ion BatteriesENTakashiTeranishiGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYusukeHigakiGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTomonoriImamuraGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityMotokiHoribeDepartment of Advanced Ceramics, Nagoya Institute of TechnologyShinyaKondoDepartment of Energy Engineering, Nagoya UniversityChinatsuSasaokaR&D Laboratory, Nippon Denko Co., Ltd.HikaruHirabaruR&D Laboratory, Nippon Denko Co., Ltd.ShingoKatayamaR&D Laboratory, Nippon Denko Co., Ltd.MasanobuNakayamaDepartment of Advanced Ceramics, Nagoya Institute of TechnologyAkiraKishimotoGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityThe development of high-rate capability lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) requires suppression of charge-transfer resistance (RCT) at electrode–electrolyte interfaces. Here, zirconia-based dielectric oxides (MZ; M = Y, Gd, Sm, Er, etc.) were introduced onto LiCoO2 (LCO) surfaces as electronically and ionically insulating modifiers to accelerate interfacial ion transport. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that Y2O3 modified ZrO2 (YZ) decoration reduced RCT from 75.8 Ω in reference LCO to 38.3 Ω, accompanied by a 2.3-fold improvement in capacity retention at 20C. Density functional theory molecular dynamics (DFT–MD) simulations showed that solvated Li ions coordinate with surface oxygen atoms in discharging, and that adsorption energies are governed by local charge distributions determined by stabilizing cations. Optimal adsorption activity, and thus the lowest RCT, occurred when the surface charge corrugation was balanced. These findings provide design principles for dielectric interface engineering to enhance rate capability of LIBs.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama1340-28383262025MedakaBase as a unified genomic resource platform for medaka fish biologydsaf030ENKenjiMorikamiMolecular Life History Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and SystemsYasuhiroTanizawaGenome Informatics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and SystemsMasaruYaguraMolecular Life History Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and SystemsMikaSakamotoGenome Informatics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and SystemsShokoKawamotoDepartment of Genetics, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies)YasukazuNakamuraGenome Informatics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and SystemsKatsushiYamaguchiTrans-Omics Facility, National Institute for Basic BiologyShujiShigenobuTrans-Omics Facility, National Institute for Basic BiologyKiyoshiNaruseLaboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural SciencesSatoshiAnsaiUshimado Marine Institute, Okayama UniversityShigehiroKurakuMolecular Life History Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and SystemsMedaka, a group of small, mostly freshwater fishes in the teleost order Beloniformes, includes the rice fish Oryzias latipes, a useful model organism studied in diverse biological fields. Chromosome-scale genome sequences of the Hd-rR strain of this species were obtained in 2007, and its improved version has facilitated various genome-wide studies. However, despite its widespread utility, omics data for O. latipes are dispersed across various public databases and lack a unified platform. To address this, the medaka section of the National Bioresource Project (NBRP) of Japan established a genome informatics team in 2022 tasked with providing various in silico solutions for bench biologists. This initiative led to the launch of MedakaBase (https://medakabase.nbrp.jp), a web server that enables gene-oriented analysis including exhaustive sequence similarity searches. MedakaBase also provides on-demand browsing of diverse genome-wide datasets, including tissue-specific transcriptomes and intraspecific genomic variations, integrated with gene models from different sources. Additionally, the platform offers gene models optimized for single-cell transcriptome analysis, which often requires coverage of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of transcripts. Currently, MedakaBase provides genome-wide data for seven Oryzias species, including original data for O. mekongensis and O. luzonensis produced by the NBRP team. This article outlines technical details behind the data provided by MedakaBase.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama2352-4855902025Species-specific sensitivity of marine phytoplankton to selected herbicides and antibiotics104413ENShizukaOharaGraduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima UniversityToshimitsuOndukaHatsukaichi Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education AgencyShokoUekiInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityShotaroNaruseGraduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima UniversityKazuhikoKoikeGraduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima UniversityThe toxicity of two herbicides (diuron and bromacil) and three antibiotics (clarithromycin, azithromycin, and clindamycin) was evaluated for on four marine phytoplankton species: two diatoms, Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros lorenzianus, a dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum shikokuense, and a raphidophyte, Heterosigma akashiwo. The 50 % effective concentrations (EC50-μ) for growth of the herbicides (approximately 2.3–24.3 μg L−1) were lower than those of the antibiotics, indicating their higher toxicity. The EC50-μ of diuron was close to its reported environmental concentrations. The EC50-μ values for the antibiotics substantially differed by species, ranging from 19.5 to > 1000 μg L−1, with diatoms showing higher sensitivity than flagellates. Herbicides inhibited the photosynthetic yield (φII) of all tested species at concentrations similar to or lower than those affecting growth, while antibiotics affected φII at higher concentrations. Under high-light conditions, photosynthesis in S. costatum was substantially inhibited by all chemicals except clindamycin, suggesting enhanced chemical toxicity under intense light. Overall, these findings indicate that these herbicides and antibiotics can alter phytoplankton abundance and composition in coastal areas and that environmental factors, such as increased solar radiation, can potentially enhance their toxicity.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama2078-248916102025A Comparative Study of Authoring Performances Between In-Situ Mobile and Desktop Tools for Outdoor Location-Based Augmented Reality908ENKomang CandraBrataDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityNobuoFunabikiDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityHtoo HtooSandi KyawDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityPrismahardi AjiRiyantokoDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityNopriantoDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityMustikaMentariDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityIn recent years, Location-Based Augmented Reality (LAR) systems have been increasingly implemented in various applications for tourism, navigation, education, and entertainment. Unfortunately, the LAR content creation using conventional desktop-based authoring tools has become a bottleneck, as it requires time-consuming and skilled work. Previously, we proposed an in-situ mobile authoring tool as an efficient solution to this problem by offering direct authoring interactions in real-world environments using a smartphone. Currently, the evaluation through the comparison between the proposal and conventional ones is not sufficient to show superiority, particularly in terms of interaction, authoring performance, and cognitive workload, where our tool uses 6DoF device movement for spatial input, while desktop ones rely on mouse-pointing. In this paper, we present a comparative study of authoring performances between the tools across three authoring phases: (1) Point of Interest (POI) location acquisition, (2) AR object creation, and (3) AR object registration. For the conventional tool, we adopt Unity and ARCore SDK. As a real-world application, we target the LAR content creation for pedestrian landmark annotation across campus environments at Okayama University, Japan, and Brawijaya University, Indonesia, and identify task-level bottlenecks in both tools. In our experiments, we asked 20 participants aged 22 to 35 with different LAR development experiences to complete equivalent authoring tasks in an outdoor campus environment, creating various LAR contents. We measured task completion time, phase-wise contribution, and cognitive workload using NASA-TLX. The results show that our tool made faster creations with 60% lower cognitive loads, where the desktop tool required higher mental efforts with manual data input and object verifications.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama2730-6151512025Proliferation of a bloom-forming phytoplankton via uptake of polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria under phosphate-limiting conditionsycaf192ENSeiyaFukuyamaInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityFumikoUsamiInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityRyuichiHirotaGraduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima UniversityAyanoSatohGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University ShizukaOharaGraduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima UniversityKenKondoResearch Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries , Osaka PrefectureYukiGomibuchiDepartment of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of TechnologyTakuoYasunagaDepartment of Physics and Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of TechnologyToshimitsuOndukaHatsukaichi Branch, Fisheries Technology Institute , Fisheries Research and Education AgencyAkioKurodaGraduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima UniversityKazuhikoKoikeGraduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima UniversityShokoUekiInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityHarmful algal blooms negatively impact the ecosystem and fisheries in affected areas. Eutrophication is a major factor contributing to bloom occurrence, and phosphorus is particularly important in limiting the growth of bloom-forming algae. Although algae efficiently utilize orthophosphate (Pi) as a phosphorous source over other molecular forms, Pi is often limited in the marine environment. While uptake and utilization of soluble inorganic and organic phosphorous by bloom-forming algae has been extensively studied, the details of geochemical and biological phosphorous cycling remain to be elucidated. Here, we report for the first time that the bloom-forming alga Heterosigma akashiwo can phagocytose bacteria and grow under phosphate-depleted conditions. The addition of Vibrio comitans to Pi-depleted H. akashiwo enabled the alga propagate to high cell densities, whereas other bacterial strains had only a minor effect. Importantly, V. comitans accumulates polyphosphate—a linear polymer of Pi—at high levels. The extent of algal proliferation induced by the addition of Vibrio species and polyphosphate-accumulating Escherichia coli correlated strongly with their polyphosphate content, indicating that bacterial polyphosphate served as an alternative PO43− source for H. akashiwo. The direct uptake of polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria through algal phagocytosis may represent a novel biological phosphorous-cycling pathway in marine ecosystems. The role of polyphosphate-accumulating marine bacteria as a hidden phosphorous source required for bloom formation warrants further investigation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama1349-00796812026Dynamin 2 is involved in osteoblast migration by regulating the organization of F-actin100720ENTakumiMoriyaDepartment of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityA.SurongDepartment of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNanamiTatsumiDepartment of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHiroshiYamadaDepartment of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityFumikoTakemotoDepartment of Orthodontics, Okayama University HospitalHiroshiKamiokaDepartment of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHirohikoOkamuraDepartment of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityMikaIkegameDepartment of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityObjectives: Dynamin, a GTPase that regulates membrane dynamics, has recently been implicated in actin cytoskeletal remodeling. This study aimed to elucidate the role of dynamin in osteoblast migration by examining the effects of dynamin inhibition on the localization and organization of F-actin and dynamin 2 in MC3T3-E1 cells.<br>
Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with dynamin inhibitors (Dyngo 4a and Dynole 34-2), and cell migration was assessed using a wound-healing assay. Fluorescent staining was performed to analyze the intracellular localization of F-actin and dynamin 2.<br>
Results: Dynamin inhibition significantly reduced the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells. Fluorescence analysis revealed a marked decrease in the accumulation and colocalization of F-actin and dynamin 2 at the protrusion edge. Additionally, dynamin inhibition suppressed the formation of lamellipodia and stress fibers while promoting the appearance of abnormal F-actin clusters in the cytoplasm.<br>
Conclusions: These findings suggest that dynamin plays an essential role in osteoblast migration by regulating actin cytoskeletal remodeling, particularly through the formation of lamellipodia and stress fibers.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama1433-73982025A rare case of supratentorial ependymosarcoma harboring ZFTA::RELA fusionENYujiMatsumotoDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineYasukiSurugaDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineKaishiSatomiDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin UniversityYoheiInoueDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineYasuhikoHattoriDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineJojiIshidaDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineKazuhikoKurozumiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University HospitalSumihitoNobusawaDepartment of Human Pathology, Gunma University School of MedicineJunkoHiratoDepartment of Pathology, Public Tomioka General HospitalTakehiroTanakaDepartment of Pathology, Okayama University HospitalHiroyukiYanaiDepartment of Pathology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineKanaWashioDepartment of Pediatrics, Okayama University HospitalKoichiIchimuraDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin UniversityTomotsuguIchikawaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central HospitalYoshihiroOtaniDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineShotaTanakaDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineEpendymosarcoma is an exceedingly rare variant of ependymoma characterized by a mixture of ependymomatous and sarcomatous components. We report a case of supratentorial ependymosarcoma harboring a ZFTA::RELA fusion in a 10-year-old girl. Histologically, the tumor comprised an ependymomatous component resembling clear cell ependymoma and a sarcomatous component. ZFTA::RELA fusion was confirmed in both components. Genome-wide methylation profiling classified both components as supratentorial ependymoma, ZFTA fusion–positive by the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) CNS tumor classifier v12b8. However, their copy number alteration profiles were distinct. The ependymomatous component exhibited a gain of chromosome 1q and a loss of chromosomes 1p, 9, and 19q, while the sarcomatous component showed a loss of chromosome 14. These findings suggest that both components may have differentiated from a common precursor despite their distinct morphologies. The patient underwent gross total resection followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and remains recurrence-free eight years post-treatment. Further investigation of additional cases is warranted to better understand the pathogenesis of this rare tumor.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025裏表紙・英文目次ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025奥付ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025令和６年度岡山御津高等学校「キャリア実習」における家庭科授業の実践と検討157169ENFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityChikaHASEGAWAOkayama Mitsu Senior High School10.18926/bgeou/69619 本実践研究は，「高等学校の教育課程」の「エ 学校特設科目及び学校設定教科」の中で，岡山県立岡山御津高等学校が独自に設定している教科「総合」の中の一科目「キャリア実習」に焦点を当て，令和６年度に実施した地域協働系列２年次の「キャリア実習」における家庭科授業を分析・評価し，令和７年度に地域協働系列３年次生が履修する「キャリア実習」の在り方を検討すると共に，本校の家庭科の学びについて考えるための示唆を得ることを目的とした。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025特別支援学校に通う中学2年生の学校生活での身体活動量の特徴149155ENMinoruADACHIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69618 In this study, data from a survey completed before the spread of COVID-19 were used to measure the amount of physical activity in school among eighth graders attending special-needs schools and compared with the WHO Guidelines for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. The subjects were 16 eighth graders in public special-needs schools. In addition to height and weight, the physical activity survey during school life was measured using a uniaxial accelerometer (Kenz Lifecorder GS 4-second version: LC). 7534 ± 2275 steps/day for boys, 6411 ± 1614 steps/day for girls, and middle and high intensity activity time (MVPA) was 19.3 ± 10.3 minutes/day for boys and 16.7 ± 8.3 minutes/day for girls. These results suggest that eighth graders attending special needs schools are well below the WHO Guidelines for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior standard of 60 minutes/day for children and adolescents with disabilities (5-17 years old ) for both boys and girls.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025岡山大学教育学部教育実践力向上カリキュラムにおける初等家庭科内容基礎の実践 ― 2024 年度実践結果と教科内容構成力の継続的育成の検討 ―139148ENYokoSHINOHARAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityMiyukiHISANARI,Faculty of Education, Okayama UniversityChiharuMORIFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityKyoungwonLEEFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69617 岡山大学教育学部において教育実践力向上カリキュラムが始動し2 年目となる2024 年度「初等家庭科内容基礎」の実践について，学生のアンケート結果から新しいカリキュラムにおける授業評価と教科内容構成力育成の課題を検討した．授業の到達目標に係る学生の自己評価は高く，教科内容構成要素との関係から，教科内容構成力のプロセス①に係る基礎的な力は獲得できていた．授業に意欲的に取り組んだグループは授業全体の満足度が高かった．授業後は家庭科の教育内容を指導者の視点から認識できている学生が多く見られ，指導法で学ぶ家庭科の授業つくりに繋がる学修となっていることが分かった．No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025創造性・STEAM 教育を基にした Creative Educator 育成プログラムに関する基礎研究Ⅱ ― CE コンピテンシーの整理を通した教育実践ロールモデル構築に向けて ―127137ENAiMATSUURAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYoshiakiTUTUMIKushiro Compulsory Education School, Hokkaido University of Education Late CourseChandeSONOsaka Kyoiku University Tennoji Junior High SchoolHitoshiKIMURAShiga University Faculty of Education Elementary SchoolTetsuoKIYOTAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYoshihikoINADAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69616 創造性とSTEAM 教育を基盤としたCreative Educator（ CE）育成プログラムに関する研究では，CE を「身体的な感受や経験を通して創造性教育を担う教員」と定義し，その育成に必要なコンピテンシーを「身体的思考」「空間的思考」「批判的対話」「創造的な態度」とした。そこで本論では，授業における創造性育成の要素として四つ挙げ，創造性に関する先行研究を整理した。その結果，創造性の研究において四つの要素を以下の通り捉えられることを確認した。①身体を通した予期せぬ刺激「想定外」は，身体化された認知や素材との相互作用から生じる新しい思考を促す。②他者との関係性を意識した「場づくり」は，対話や協働を通して創造性を育む。③空間的思考に基づく「可視化」は，視覚情報の統合や変換により創造的イメージを支える。④「チャレンジ」は，自律的意思決定や創造的自信を高め，潜在的創造力の発揮を促す。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025声楽の発声指導における共鳴に関する研究 ― 教員養成学部学生を対象とした質問紙調査を踏まえて ―109125ENMasakoMUSHIAKIFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69615 本稿では，歌唱における発声について，共鳴の視点から，発声を習得する上での問題点や共鳴に対する課題について検討した。合唱指揮者や指導者等の発声における共鳴の捉え方では，共鳴は，頭蓋骨のすべての共鳴腔，音高と声区，声量，顎の開き，蝶形骨等の骨との密接な関係があり，音色形成との複雑な関連性があることを確認した。次に小中学校の学習指導要領や音楽教科書の発声記述について概観した結果，小中学校を通して，段階的に共鳴について，イメージと生理学的面から児童生徒に学習させていることが示された。教員養成学部に在籍する学生に対する発声の質問紙による実態調査では，共鳴は難しい領域という共通認識があり，特に，発声の自己評価が低めのグループにその傾向が強くみられた。生理学的な理解，イメージ的な表現，実際に生成される声，これら相互の関係を解明する必要がある。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025中山間地域における人口移動の動向 ― 岡山県苫田郡鏡野町の事例 ―95108ENMasaoNOBEFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69614 本稿の目的は，2006 年以降の岡山県鏡野町の人口動態を明らかにすることである。分析によって，次の4 点を明らかにした。(1) 鏡野町の人口は2006 年以降一貫して減少しているが，近年はその減少幅が拡大している。2006 年以降は自然減が続き，2010 年代後半からは社会減も拡大した。両効果が働いたために，2010 年代後半から人口減少が加速した。(2) 2006 年以降，鏡野町の人口移動はおおむね安定した傾向が見られた。そして，その人口移動は，津山圏との間における集中的かつ均衡した人口移動，近畿地方・岡山圏・関東地方への転出超過，真庭圏・阿新圏からの小規模な転入超過と特徴づけることができる。(3) 2010 年代後半から，鏡野町は岡山圏への転出超過が顕著となり，近畿地方および関東地方への転出もそれに続いた。その結果，鏡野町は社会減が大きくなった。農林業・製造業・商業の停滞や都市部との賃金格差が若年層の流出を促進し，社会減の拡大に繋がった。(4) 人口移動の中心は一貫して20 歳代と30 歳代であった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025小学校政治学習における模擬市長選挙プログラムの開発 ―「 政策カード」を活用した公約づくりと模擬選挙の提案 ―8594ENToshinoriKUWABARAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityKeisukeIWASAKIFaculty of Education, Kagoshima UniversityMasatoKAWAZOEMinamisatsuma Kinpo Gakuen10.18926/bgeou/69613 本稿は、小学校の政治学習における主権者教育の一例として、「政策カード」を活用した立候補型の模擬市長選挙プログラムを開発し、その実践を通した教育的意義や課題について明らかにするものである。はじめに、小学校政治学習における模擬選挙の実践例を概観し、立候補型の模擬選挙である長瀬（2021）の実践に注目した。その上で、児童の政策立案の質を高めるための工夫として「政策カード」を用いたエリシテーションを取り入れるプログラムを開発し、小学校6 年生の政治単元で実践した。実践結果から、本プログラムは、児童が政策を立案する側に立って自治体の将来を考えることができるという点や、多様な声を反映させるという政治の難しさを体験的に理解できるという点で意義があったが、政策立案活動の真正性や投票規準の明確化に関して、教師の指導やプログラム自体の改善を進める必要があることが明らかになった。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025制作者と造形物の対話を捉える「記号学」に基づいた視点の研究 ― ソシュールと丸山圭三郎の理論に基づく質的な考察のための文献の検討 ―7383ENShuyaOHIRAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69612 本研究では，制作者が造形行為の過程で実践する造形物との対話に着目し，造形行為において制作者に経験される学びを捉え質的に考察するための視点を， 丸山が解説するソシュール(Ferdinand de Saussure)の「記号学」と，「記号学」に基づいた丸山の理論に立ち検討した。まず，「記号学」の基礎概念の1 つとして，「表現」を示す「シニフィアン」と，その「表現」に結び付いた「意味」を示す「シニフィエ」から成る「記号」の構造を文献により検討した。次に，丸山の理論の中で，「無意識から噴出」される力としての「欲動」と，その「欲動」を捉える「深層」の「言葉」の能力である「パトス」，及び「表層」の「言葉」の能力である「ロゴス」の関係を文献により検討した。「記号」の構造と丸山の理論に基づき，制作者が造形行為の過程で実践する造形物との対話を捉える視点を研究成果として提示した。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025聴覚障害児の社会性と情緒の発達に関する現状と課題 ― これまでの教育実践と文献をもとに ―6371ENChitoseOKADAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69611 聴覚障害児を取り巻く状況は大きく変化してきているが，依然として諸課題の克服がなされているとは言い難い。その一つが「社会性と情緒の発達」である。「きこえない」がために，言語発達が遅れ，コミュニケーション障害をもたらし，さらに心理的問題等を生じるという深刻な二次的，三次的障害を引き起こす恐れがある。教師や保護者は，聴児が苦も無く行う「偶発学習」を意図的，計画的に促す必要がある。また，保護者は，早期からコミュニケーションの困難さを克服する努力を開始し，子どもの心に寄り添いながら，「言語的過保護」の状態を避けつつ様々な情報を丁寧に伝えていく必要がある。教師は，これらを常に意識しながら聴覚障害児と保護者双方の支援にあたり，多様な方法から実態に合うコミュニケーション方法を選択して指導に取り組み，社会性や情緒，さらに生きる力を育む必要がある。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025安全を脅かすチームワークの崩壊とその関連要因の探索 ― 高信頼性チームの機能に着目して ―4761ENRyoMISAWAFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityNaokoHASEGAWAFaculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Bunkyo University10.18926/bgeou/69610 本研究は，産業現場の安全を脅かす潜在的なリスクとしてチームワークの崩壊兆候に着目し，その特徴と高信頼性チーム（HRT）の機能，および組織環境要因との関連を実証的に検討した。安全活動への参加経験を持つ就業者357 名から得られたWeb 調査の回答を分析した。チームワークの崩壊兆候は「協調の失敗」と「修正の失敗」の2 因子に整理され，いずれもHRT 機能の発揮と負の関連を示した。また組織環境要因の安全風土やSafety Organizing は崩壊兆候の抑制に，学習のボトルネック認知はその増加に寄与していた。さらに，HRT 機能は個別よりも複合的に発揮されることで，チームの協働作業の円滑化・安定化に資する可能性が示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025３つの自己表現の比較を通してみたアサーティブな自己表現の特徴 ― 教育的介入を目指した４つの変数の比較を通して ―3345ENTazukoAOKIFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityYoshinoTSURUOkayama Municipal Fukuda Elementary SchoolKazuhiroYASUNAGAFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69609 グローバル化，多様性が拡大する社会では，適切に自己を表現する方法の獲得が重要になるのではなかろうか。本研究では，このアサーティブな自己表現の獲得を促す教育的介入を目指して，3 つのタイプの自己表現（攻撃的な自己表現，非主張的な自己表現，アサーティブな自己表現）を比較して，アサーティブな自己表現の特徴を明らかにすることを目指す。先行研究を参考に，これらの自己表現を区別する指標として，評価への敏感さ，被受容感，視点取得，自尊感情を取り上げた。180 人の大学生を対象に調査を行い，分析を行った結果，アサーティブな自己表現には視点取得と自尊感情が関係していることが示された。他方で被主張的な自己表現は，評価への敏感さと被受容感との関係が見られた。攻撃的な自己表現は，視点取得との負の関係が見られた。これらの結果から，教育現場で児童生徒が適切に自己表現できるように促すためには，子供の存在を認め，自尊感情を高めること，他者の視点を配慮する意識を育てること，そして，周囲の評価を気にし過ぎないように促すことが重要である可能性が示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025帝政ロシアの総合大学における教員養成の法制 ― 1804 年帝国大学令の制定と中等学校教員の目的養成 ―1331ENAtsushiTAKASEFaculty of Education, Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69608 1804 年に公布された帝国大学令は，各教育管区の諸学校を管理・指導する総合大学にギムナジア等の中等学校教員を目的養成する附属教育大学の設置を定めていた。モスクワ帝国大学，カザン帝国大学及びハリコフ帝国大学に設置された附属教育大学は，高等教育機関を卒業した学士を対象に3 年間の教員養成教育を提供する機関であり，修了後に3 年間以上のギムナジアの上級教員を勤めた者については，定数外の助教授として総合大学に任官できる場合があるとされた。これに対して，サンクトペテルブルク教育管区では，ギムナジア等を卒業した者を対象とする教育大学が帝国大学に先行して設けられ，その後，独立した高等教育レベルの教員養成機関である中央教育大学に改編された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025教職員研修の評価と改善に関する予備的考察 ― NITS 岡山大学センターの学校事務職員研修の事例から ―111ENKazuakiKAJIIFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityMakikoKANAGAWAFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityAtsushiTAKASEFaculty of Education，Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69607 教職員研修を研修転移という問題関心から検討し，学習内容の現場実践を促す研修に向けた評価と改善について予備的考察を行う。NITS 岡山大学センターで実施する学校事務職員研修を事例に検討を試みるものである。事例では，受講者は研修に対する反応として，高い満足度や関連度，有用度，自己効力感を示していた。その反応と学習の転移として，現場での行動の変化が重要となる。管理職へのアンケートから，受講者における現場での研修内容の具体的活用は，部分的にとどまるが，実践例が認められた。そして，研修が受講者の行動変化や現場での成果創出を促すものとなるため，教職員と管理職による協働探究的関係の形成が重要となることを展望的に論じる。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231902025表紙・目次ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama2045-23221512025Hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by phenolic uremic toxins in CKD and DKD patients5762ENYoshiyasuTonguTohoku University School of MedicineTomokoKasaharaDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineYasutoshiAkiyamaLaboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTakehiroSuzukiDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineHsin-JungHoDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineYotaroMatsumotoLaboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesRyotaKujiraiLaboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKoichiKikuchiDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineKojiNataDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical UniversityMakotoKanzakiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku UniversityKenshinSuzukiTohoku University School of MedicineShunWatanabeDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineChiharuKawabeDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineYuiMiyataDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineShunItaiDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineTakafumiToyoharaDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineChitoseSuzukiDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineTetsuhiroTanakaDivision of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineJunWadaDepartment of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshihisaTomiokaLaboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTakaakiAbeDepartment of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicinePatients with end-stage renal disease have lower fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, with significantly higher insulin levels. For a long time, it has been believed that this higher insulin level in renal failure is due to decreased insulin clearance caused by reduced renal function. However, here we reported that accumulation of the gut microbiota-derived uremic toxin, phenyl sulfate (PS) in the renal failure, increased insulin secretion from the pancreas by enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Other endogenous sulfides compounds which accumulated as in the renal failure also increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from β-cell. With RNA-seq analyses and gene knock down, we demonstrated that insulin secretion evoked by PS was mediated by Ddah2. In addition, we also found that PS increased insulin resistance through lncRNA expression and Erk phosphorylation in the adipocytes. To confirm the relationship between PS and glucose metabolism in human, we recruited 2 clinical cohort studies (DKD and CKD) including 462 patients, and found that there was a weak negative correlation between PS and HbA1c. Because these trials did not measure fasting insulin level, we alternatively used the urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) as an indicator of insulin resistance. We found that PS may induce insulin resistance in patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. These data suggest that the accumulation of uremic toxins modulates glucose metabolism and induced insulin resistance in CKD and DKD patients. Considering HbA1c as a reflection of chronic hyperglycemia and UCPCR as a reflection of chronic hyperinsulinemia, our findings indicate that PS is negatively associated with hyperglycemia independent of CKD, and positively associated with hyperinsulinemia in DKD patients.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama1328-80676712025Pediatric stroke risk and neurotrauma from roller coasters in amusement parkse70221ENTomokiMorikawaDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTakafumiObaraDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTsuyoshiNojimaDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKoheiTokiokaDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityAtsunoriNakaoDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKoheiTsukaharaDepartment of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityAlthough rare, neurotrauma has been documented as a potential risk of high-speed, high-acceleration amusement park rides such as roller coasters. These attractions generate rapid acceleration, deceleration, sharp turns, and significant gravitational forces, which may stress the central nervous system and cerebrovascular structures. This review analyzed pediatric stroke cases (children 15 years old or younger) linked to roller-coaster rides reported in PubMed and summarized the key mechanisms and clinical features associated with such neurotrauma. Documented complications include internal and vertebral carotid artery dissections, with or without stroke, subdural hemorrhage, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and post-traumatic migraines. The aim of this review is to alert healthcare providers to the possibility of stroke induced by roller-coaster rides, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and management to prevent adverse outcomes. Key considerations include the recognition of risk factors, public education on potential risks, and strategies for preventing complications in at-risk populations. Although intracranial hemorrhage from roller-coaster rides is rare, individuals with predisposing conditions, such as prior head trauma or vascular abnormalities, should be evaluated carefully when presenting with neurological symptoms after such activities.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama2688-6146652025Late‐Onset Invasive Aspergillosis With Pituitary Involvement and Dysfunction Following CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T‐Cell Therapye70138ENDaisukeIkedaDepartment of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesTomohiroNawadaThe Center for Graduate Medical Education, Okayama University HospitalTakumiKondoDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalTakayukiShinoharaDepartment of Fungal Infection, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTomohiroNaganoDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalSayaKubotaDepartment of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesRyuichiroHiyamaDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalMasayaUenoDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalHirokiKobayashiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalKeisukeSeikeDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalHideakiFujiwaraDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalNoboruAsadaDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalDaisukeEnnishiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalKeikoFujiiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalNobuharuFujiiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalMasanoriMakitaDepartment of Hematology, Chugoku Central HospitalYoshinobuMaedaDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University HospitalIntroduction: Invasive fungal infection (IFI) after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is less common than bacterial and viral infections, but can be fatal once it develops. As most cases occur within 30 days after CAR T-cell infusion, late-onset IFI—particularly mould infection—appears to be under-recognised.<br>
Discussion: We report an illustrative case of pituitary aspergillosis developing as late as one year after CD19 CAR T-cell therapy, highlighting a persistent risk in certain patients with delayed immune reconstitution.<br>
Conclusion: This case underscores the need for continued vigilance and individualised antifungal strategies to prevent IFI beyond the early post-infusion period.<br>
Trial Registration: The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama1464-672226112025Comparative Genomic Analysis Identifies FleQ and GcbB as Virulence-Associated Factors in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci Strainse70168ENMuhammad TaufiqHidayatGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKeiYoshiokaFaculty of Agriculture, Okayama UniversityTakafumiNishimuraGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityShutaAsaiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversitySachikoMasudaCenter for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN-TRIPKenShirasuCenter for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN-TRIPNanamiSakataGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityMikihiroYamamotoGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYoshiteruNoutoshiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKazuhiroToyodaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYukiIchinoseGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHidenoriMatsuiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityPseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) is an important plant pathogen, which causes wildfire disease in Nicotiana species. However, the genetic basis underlying strain-level differences in virulence remains largely unresolved. To address this, we performed a comparative genomic analysis between a highly virulent strain Pta6605 and a less virulent strain Pta7375. Despite high overall genome similarity, we identified key single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including premature stop-codon mutations in seven open reading frames in Pta7375. Notably, point mutations in two regulatory genes, such as fleQ, which encodes a transcription factor essential for flagellar biogenesis and biofilm formation, and gcbB, which encodes a GGDEF domain-containing diguanylate cyclase responsible for cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) synthesis, were implicated in virulence disparity. Functional analyses using deletion and locus replacement mutants in the Pta6605 background revealed that the disruption of fleQ markedly reduced motility, flagellin production, c-di-GMP accumulation, biofilm formation and virulence level mirroring the Pta7375 phenotype. The gcbB replacement mutant showed reduced disease symptom development, although c-di-GMP levels remained comparable to the Pta6605 wild type. Locus replacement between strains confirmed that a point mutation in fleQ was the primary driver of reduced motility and flagellin expression in Pta7375. These findings indicate that the reduced virulence of Pta7375 is associated with impaired regulation of flagella-related genes and disruption of the FleQ-mediated c-di-GMP signalling, underscoring the value of comparative genomics in disentangling the complex regulatory networks that govern virulence in plant pathogens.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama2051-59601312025Rotenone targets midbrain astrocytes to produce glial dysfunction-mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration234ENIkukoMiyazakiDepartment of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNamiIsookaDepartment of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesRyoKikuokaDepartment of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesFuminoriImafukuDepartment of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKaoriMasaiDepartment of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesKanaTomimotoDepartment of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMasakiyoSakaguchiDepartment of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesChiharuSogawaDepartment of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of TechnologyNorioSogawaDepartment of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshihisaKitamuraDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu UniversityMasatoAsanumaDepartment of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesExposure to pesticides, such as rotenone or paraquat, is an environmental factor that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rotenone induces PD-like pathology and is therefore used to develop parkinsonian animal models. Dopaminergic neurotoxicity caused by rotenone has been attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation; however, the mechanisms underlying selective dopaminergic neurodegeneration by rotenone remain unclear. To resolve this, we focused on glial diversity and examined whether the brain region-specific glial response to rotenone could determine the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons using primary cultured neurons, astrocytes and microglia from the midbrain and striatum of rat embryos and rotenone-injected PD model mice. Direct neuronal treatment with low-dose rotenone failed to damage dopaminergic neurons. Conversely, rotenone exposure in the presence of midbrain astrocyte and microglia or conditioned media from rotenone-treated midbrain glial cultures containing astrocytes and microglia produced dopaminergic neurotoxicity, but striatal glia did not. Surprisingly, conditioned media from rotenone-treated midbrain astrocytes or microglia monocultures did not affect neuronal survival. We also demonstrated that rotenone targeted midbrain astrocytes prior to microglia to induce dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Rotenone-treated astrocytes produced secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) extracellularly, which induced microglial proliferation, increase in IL-1β and TNF-α, and NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation in microglia, resulting in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In addition, rotenone exposure caused the secretion of NFAT-related inflammatory cytokines and a reduction in the level of an antioxidant metallothionein (MT)-1 from midbrain glia. Furthermore, we observed microglial proliferation and a decrease in the number of MT-positive astrocytes in the substantia nigra, but not the striatum, of low-dose rotenone-injected PD model mice. Our data highlight that rotenone targets midbrain astrocytes, leading to SPARC secretion, which promotes the neurotoxic conversion of microglia and leads to glial dysfunction-mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama2666-6677232025AHA’s Life’s Essential-8 cardiovascular health metrics and progression of coronary artery calcification in Japanese men101081ENRajibMondalDepartment of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceAyaKadotaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceYuichiroYanoDepartment of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo UniversitySayakaKadowakiDepartment of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical ScienceSayukiToriiDepartment of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceKeikoKondoDepartment of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceAkikoHaradaDepartment of Medical Statistics, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceMegumiKawashimaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceItsukoMiyazawaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical ScienceHiroyoshiSegawaNCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceTakashiHisamatsuDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshiyukiWatanabeDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical ScienceYoshihisaNakagawaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical ScienceAkiraFujiyoshiDepartment of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Okayama Medical UniversityKatsuyukiMiuraDepartment of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceBackground and aims: The American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential-8 (LE8) cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics is considered a comprehensive framework for optimal cardiovascular wellbeing. However, its relationship with the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, like coronary artery calcification (CAC), is not clarified. We investigated the associations of LE8 CVH metrics with the prevalence and progression of CAC in Japanese men.<br>
Methods: We analyzed data from 760 asymptomatic men participating in the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis. We assessed baseline (2006–2008) LE8 CVH (low, 0–49 points; moderate, 50–79 points; high, 80–100 points) using its eight components (diet, physical activity assessed by step count, smoking, sleep, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure). We quantified CAC at baseline and follow-up of 5 years employing Agatston’s method and defined its baseline prevalence (CAC >0) and progression (employing Berry’s criteria). Modified Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate risk ratio (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI), adjusted for age and family history of cardiovascular disease.<br>
Results: Participants (mean [SD] age, 63.8 [9.4] years) had 63.2 % and 44.9 % prevalence of CAC at baseline and CAC progression at follow-up, respectively. Individuals with moderate and low CVH at baseline had a higher risk of prevalent CAC (RR [95 % CI], 1.42 [1.18–1.71] and 2.07 [1.67–2.57], respectively) at baseline, compared to those with high CVH. Those with moderate and low CVH at baseline had a higher risk of CAC progression (RR [95 % CI], 1.52 [1.17–1.97] and 1.99 [1.42–2.81], respectively), compared to high CVH individuals.<br>
Conclusions: A lower LE8 CVH is significantly associated with a higher risk of prevalence and progression of CAC in general Japanese men.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Public Library of Science (PLoS)Acta Medica Okayama1932-620320102025Relationship between obesity indices and cognitive function in Japanese men: A cross-sectional studye0332595ENSatoshiMatsunoDepartment of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical ScienceYujiOzekiDepartment of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical ScienceSayakaKadowakiNCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceSayukiToriiNCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceKeikoKondoNCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceNaokoMiyagawaDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of MedicineAzusaShimaDepartment of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical ScienceMizukiOhashiNCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceItsukoMiyazawaDepartment of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical ScienceHiroyoshiSegawaNCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceTakashiHisamatsuDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesAyaKadotaNCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceKatsuyukiMiuraNCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceWe aimed to investigate the associations among various obesity indices, including visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and cognitive function in community-dwelling Japanese men. This population-based cross-sectional study used data of 853 men who participated in the follow-up examinations of the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis. Among them, we analyzed data of 776 men who completed the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and had abdominal VAT and SAT areas measured using computed tomography. The VAT-to-SAT ratio (VSR) was calculated; participants were categorized into VSR quartiles. Using analysis of covariance, we computed crude and adjusted means of the CASI total and domain scores across VSR quartiles, adjusting for potential confounders. No significant differences were observed in total CASI scores among body mass index, VAT, or SAT quartiles. However, in the multivariable-adjusted model, participants in the lowest VSR quartile (Q1) had significantly lower CASI total scores than those in the third quartile (Q3) (Q1: 89.5, Q3: 90.9). Low VSR was independently associated with lower cognitive function in a community-based sample of middle-aged and older Japanese men. In summary, VSR may be associated with cognitive function in Japanese men, highlighting the importance of fat distribution in cognitive health and highlighting VSR as a useful indicator.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.International Institute of Anticancer ResearchActa Medica Okayama1109-65352262025C1orf50 Accelerates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and the Cell Cycle of Hepatocellular Carcinoma836849ENATSUSHITANAKADepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterYUSUKEOTANIDepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterMASAKIMAEKAWADepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterANNAROGACHEVSKAYADepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterTIRSOPEÑADepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterVANESSA D.CHINUMass Chan Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical CenterSHINICHITOYOOKADepartment of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesMICHAEL H.ROEHRLDepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterATSUSHIFUJIMURADepartment of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesBackground/Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous liver cancer with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis in advanced stages. To identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, we investigated the role of chromosome 1 open reading frame 50 (C1orf50), a gene with a previously uncharacterized function in HCC.<br>
Materials and Methods: We performed a comprehensive transcriptome data analysis of the human hepatocellular carcinoma project from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and subsequently validated the oncogenic roles of C1orf50 using HCC cell lines.<br>
Results: Using transcriptomic and clinical data from TCGA, we stratified 355 primary HCC samples based on C1orf50 expression levels. Patients with high C1orf50 expression exhibited significantly shorter overall survival, suggesting its association with aggressive tumor behavior. Differential expression and enrichment analyses revealed that C1orf50-high tumors were enriched in oncogenic pathways, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle activation, and stemness-related properties. Transcriptional regulatory network analysis detected 456 significantly dysregulated regulons, including ZEB1/2 and E2F2, key drivers of EMT and cell cycle, in the C1orf50-high group. In addition, we observed increased YAP1/TAZ signaling, further linking C1orf50 to stemness and therapeutic resistance. Functional data from CRISPR-based dependency screening suggested that several transcription factors up-regulated in the C1orf50-high state, such as ZBTB11 and CTCE, are essential for the survival of HCC cells. These findings indicate potential therapeutic vulnerabilities and support the rationale for targeting C1orf50-associated pathways.<br>
Conclusion: C1orf50 is a novel biomarker of poor prognosis in HCC and a key regulator of oncogenic features such as EMT, cell cycle progression, and stemness. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting C1orf50-related networks in aggressive subtypes of liver cancer.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama1086-93792025The effect of pressure on dihedral angle between liquid Fe‐S and orthopyroxene: Implication for percolative core formation in planetesimals and planetary embryosENTakumiMiuraDepartment of Earth and Space Science, Osaka UniversityHidenoriTerasakiDepartment of Earth Sciences, Okayama UniversityHyuTakakiDepartment of Earth Sciences, Okayama UniversityKotaroKobayashiDepartment of Earth Sciences, Okayama UniversityGeoffrey DavidBromileySchool of Geosciences, The University of EdinburghTakashiYoshinoInstitute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityDuring precursor stages of planet formation, many planetesimals and planetary embryos are considered to have differentiated, forming an iron-alloy core and silicate mantle. Percolation of liquid iron-alloy in solid silicates is one of the major possible differentiation processes in these small bodies. Based on the dihedral angles between Fe-S melts and olivine, a criterion for determining whether melt can percolate through a solid, it has been reported that Fe-S melt can percolate through olivine matrices below 3 GPa in an oxidized environment. However, the dihedral angle between Fe-S melts and orthopyroxene (opx), the second most abundant mineral in the mantles of small bodies, has not yet been determined. In this study, high-pressure and high-temperature experiments were conducted under the conditions of planetesimal and planetary embryo interiors, 0.5–5.0 GPa, to determine the effect of pressure on the dihedral angle between Fe-S melts and opx. Dihedral angles tend to increase with pressure, although the pressure dependence is markedly reduced above 4 GPa. The dihedral angle is below the percolation threshold of 60° at pressures below 1.0–1.5 GPa, indicating that percolative core formation is possible in opx-rich interiors of bodies where internal pressures are lower than 1.0–1.5 GPa. The oxygen content of Fe-S melt decreases with increasing pressure. High oxygen contents in Fe-S melt reduce interfacial tension between Fe-S melt and opx, resulting in reduced dihedral angles at low pressure. Combined with previous results for dihedral angle variation of the olivine/Fe-S system, percolative core formation possibly occurs throughout bodies up to a radius of 1340 km for an olivine-dominated mantle, and up to 770 km for an opx-dominated mantle, in the case of S-rich cores segregating under relatively oxidizing conditions. For mantles of small bodies in which abundant olivine and opx coexist, the mineral with the largest volume fraction and/or smallest grain size will allow formation of interconnected mineral channels, and, therefore, the wetting property of this mineral determines the wettability of the melt, that is, controls core formation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)Acta Medica Okayama2376-78391152025Vanishing White Matter Disease With EIF2B2 c.254T >A Variante200293ENToshiyukiKakumotoDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTakashiMatsukawaDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoRyoTokimuraDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoYokoTsuboyamaDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoYasufumiHayashiDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoAkihikoMitsutakeDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoAtsushiIwataDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoMeiko HashimotoMaedaDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoJunShimizuDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoWataruGonoiDepartment of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoHiroyukiIshiuraDepartment of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJunMitsuiDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoShojiTsujiDepartment of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTatsushiTodaDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoObjectives<br>
Typical MRI findings of vanishing white matter disease (VWM) include diffuse white matter lesions with cystic degeneration. However, mild cases may lack these typical features, posing diagnostic challenges.<br>
Methods<br>
We describe 2 of 3 individuals carrying the homozygous c.254T >A variant in EIF2B2 identified at our hospital, excluding 1 previously reported case.1 Genetic analyses were performed using whole-genome sequence or whole-exome sequence analysis, and detected variants were confirmed by direct nucleotide sequence analysis. Brain MRI findings and clinical features were reviewed for the 2 individuals along with other cases in the literature with the same variant.<br>
Results<br>
A 69-year-old woman presented with recurrent transient dizziness and secondary amenorrhea. MRI of the brain revealed small T2-hyperintense lesions confined to the subcortical white matter with hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted images and mildly elevated apparent diffusion coefficient values. A 28-year-old woman presented with transient dizziness and secondary amenorrhea. MRI of the brain showed mild T2-hyperintense lesions in the cerebral white matter with frontal predominance.<br>
Discussion<br>
This report highlights the clinically mild cases of VWM with subtle abnormalities on brain MRI who had the homozygous c.254T >A in EIF2B2, further expanding the clinical spectrum of VWM and underscoring the importance of genetic assessments in the diagnosis of individuals with mild clinical and MRI findings.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.American Physical Society (APS)Acta Medica Okayama0031-9007135102025Terahertz Field Control of Electronic-Ferroelectric Anisotropy at Room Temperature in LuFe2O4106504ENHirotakeItohTohoku UniversityRyuseiMinakamiTohoku UniversityHongwuYuInstitute of Science TokyoRyoheiTsuruokaTohoku UniversityTatsuyaAmanoTohoku UniversityYoheiKawakamiTohoku UniversityShin-yaKoshiharaInstitute of Science TokyoKosukeFujiwaraOkayama UniversityNaoshiIkedaOkayama UniversityYoichiOkimotoInstitute of Science TokyoShinichiroIwaiTohoku UniversityElectronic ferroelectrics, with polarization 𝑷 induced by strongly correlated charges, are expected to show ultrafast, huge, and flexible responses required in future optoelectronics. Although the challenges for ultrafast manipulation of such a polarization are ongoing, the expected advantages have been unclear. In this Letter, we demonstrate an unprecedentedly large increase by a factor of 2.7 in optical second harmonic generation at room temperature in the prototypical electronic ferroelectrics, the rare-earth ferrite LuFe2O4, by applying a terahertz field of 260 kV/cm. The transient anisotropy indicates that the direction of macroscopic polarization can be controlled three dimensionally on subpicosecond timescales, offering additional degrees of freedom in controlling polarization. Although the polarization response is in phase concerning the terahertz field, its sensitivity increased with delay, indicating that cooperative interactions among microscopic domains play an important role in the unprecedented response.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Physical Society of JapanActa Medica Okayama0031-901594112025Magnetically Enhanced Thermoelectric Effect Driven by Martensitic Transformation in the Weak Itinerant Ferromagnet Co2NbSn113801ENTakumiKiharaResearch Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama UniversityXiaoXuDepartment of Materials Science, Tohoku UniversityYukiOgiGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata UniversityYoshiyaAdachiGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata UniversityTufanRoyCenter for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (CSIS), Core Research Cluster (CRC), Tohoku UniversityRyujiMatsuuraFaculty of Engineering, Tohoku Gakuin UniversityTakeshiKanomataResearch Institute for Engineering and Technology, Tohoku Gakuin UniversityWe investigated the magnetic and thermoelectric properties of the full Heusler alloy Co2NbSn, which exhibits a martensitic transformation at 240 K. Magnetization measurements reveal weak itinerant ferromagnetism in the martensitic phase, which is well described by Takahashi’s spin fluctuation theory. The characteristic spin fluctuation parameters were estimated to be T0 = 1.0 × 103 K and TA = 7.2 × 103 K. Seebeck coefficient measurements under magnetic fields up to 9 T show complex temperature and field dependence, which we decomposed into electron diffusion, spin fluctuation drag, and magnon drag components. A significant magnon-drag contribution was identified in both austenite and martensitic phases. Remarkably, this contribution is strongly enhanced in the martensitic phase compared to the austenite phase, despite a smaller magnetic moment. These findings provide evidence for robust low-energy spin excitations and highlight the potential of martensitic transformation in enhancing the thermoelectric performance of itinerant ferromagnetic alloys.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japan Society on Water EnvironmentActa Medica Okayama1348-21652352025Biochar-amended Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells for Water Quality Improvement in Intensive and Extensive Pond Drainages in Central Vietnam234249ENUyen Tu NguyenGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityMorihiroMaedaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHiroakiSomuraGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityNozomiNakaharaDepartment of Comprehensive Technical Solutions, Okayama UniversityGamamada Liyanage Erandi PriyangikaPereraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityChiyuNakanoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityHuu TienLeDepartment of Education, Science and Technology Quang Tri Branch, Hue UniversityYutaNishinaResearch Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama UniversityThe use of nutrient-rich feed in shrimp farming in Central Vietnam has led to high nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents in the pond sediment. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of biochar-sediment microbial fuel cells (BC-SMFCs) in suppressing P and N release from two types of sediment in intensive (Int) and extensive (Ext) pond drainages in Central Vietnam. Single chamber SMFCs were set up and operated under open or closed-circuit (no SMFC or SMFC) conditions. Coconut shell biochar (BC) was amended to sediments at 1%. For Int-sediment, total phosphorus (TP) release was reduced by no BC-SMFCs through co-precipitation with Fe. On the other hand, BC-SMFCs did not suppress TP release because P was released from BC and organic matter decomposition was enhanced in the sediment. Application of BC enhanced organic N mineralization in the sediment. Nitrification and denitrification occurred in the overlying water, reducing mineral N concentrations. For Ext-sediment, BC addition and SMFC conditions did not affect TP and total nitrogen (TN) release because of low initial organic matter content, and less reductive condition. Our study suggested that the effect of SMFCs was masked by BC which released more P from Int-sediment to the water.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japanese Society of Microbial EcologyActa Medica Okayama1342-63114032025Role of Formate Chemoreceptor in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 in Tobacco InfectionME25019ENPhuoc Quy ThangNguyenThe Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYutaWatanabeThe Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityHidenoriMatsuiThe Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityNanamiSakataThe Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYoshiteruNoutoshiThe Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKazuhiroToyodaThe Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYukiIchinoseThe Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityChemotaxis is essential for infection by plant pathogenic bacteria. The causal agent of tobacco wildfire disease, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pta6605), is known to cause severe leaf disease and is highly motile. The requirement of chemotaxis for infection has been demonstrated through the inoculation of mutant strains lacking chemotaxis sensory component proteins. Pta6605 possesses 54 genes that encode chemoreceptors (known as methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, MCPs). Chemoreceptors are classified into several groups based on the type and localization of ligand-binding domains (LBD). Cache LBD-type chemoreceptors have been reported to recognize formate in several bacterial species. In the present study, we identified Cache_3 Cache_2 LBD-type Mcp26 encoded by Pta6605_RS00335 as a chemoreceptor for formate using a quantitative capillary assay, and named it McpF. Although the deletion mutant of mcpF (ΔmcpF) retained attraction to 1% yeast extract, its chemotactic response to formate was markedly reduced. Swimming and swarming motilities were also impaired in the mutant. To investigate the effects of McpF on bacterial virulence, we conducted inoculations on tobacco plants using several methods. The ΔmcpF mutant exhibited weaker virulence in flood and spray assays than wild-type and complemented strains, highlighting not only the involvement of McpF in formate recognition, but also its critical role in leaf entry during the early stages of infection.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama2078-24891672025A Fundamental Statistics Self-Learning Method with Python Programming for Data Science Implementations607ENPrismahardi AjiRiyantokoDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityNobuoFunabikiDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityKomang CandraBrataDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityMustikaMentariDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityAviolla TerzaDamalianaDepartment of Data Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa TimurDwi ArmanPrasetyaDepartment of Data Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa TimurThe increasing demand for data-driven decision making to maintain the innovations and competitiveness of organizations highlights the need for data science educations across academia and industry. At its core is a solid understanding of statistics, which is necessary for conducting a thorough analysis of data and deriving valuable insights. Unfortunately, conventional statistics learning often lacks practice in real-world applications using computer programs, causing a separation between conceptual knowledge of statistics equations and their hands-on skills. Integrating statistics learning into Python programming can convey an effective solution for this problem, where it has become essential in data science implementations, with extensive and versatile libraries. In this paper, we present a self-learning method for fundamental statistics through Python programming for data science studies. Unlike conventional approaches, our method integrates three types of interactive problems—element fill-in-blank problem (EFP), grammar-concept understanding problem (GUP), and value trace problem (VTP)—in the Programming Learning Assistant System (PLAS). This combination allows students to write code, understand concepts, and trace the output value while obtaining instant feedback so that they can improve retention, knowledge, and practical skills in learning statistics using Python programming. For evaluations, we generated 22 instances using source codes for fundamental statistics topics, and assigned them to 40 first-year undergraduate students at UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Statistics analytical methods were utilized to analyze the student learning performances. The results show that a significant correlation (𝜌<0.05) exists between the students who solved our proposal and those who did not. The results confirm that it can effectively assist students in learning fundamental statistics self-learning using Python programming for data science implementations.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama2079-929214112025An Automatic Code Generation Tool Using Generative Artificial Intelligence for Element Fill-in-the-Blank Problems in a Java Programming Learning Assistant System2261ENZihaoZhuDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityNobuoFunabikiDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityMustikaMentariDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversitySoe ThandarAungDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityWen-ChungKaoDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal UniversityYi-FangLeeDepartment of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal UniversityPresently, Java is a fundamental object-oriented programming language that can be mastered by any student in information technology or computer science. To assist both teachers and students, we developed the Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS). It offers several types of practice problems with different levels and learning goals for step-by-step self-study, where any answer is automatically marked in the system. One challenge for teachers that is addressed with JPLAS is the generation of proper exercise problems that meet learning requirements. We implemented programs for generating new problems from given source codes, as collecting and evaluating suitable codes remains time-consuming. In this paper, we present an automatic code generation tool using generative AI to solve this challenge. Prompt engineering is used to help generate an appropriate source code, and the quality is controlled by optimizing the prompt based on the outputs. For applications in JPLAS, we implement a web application system to automatically generate an element fill-in-the-blank problem (EFP) in JPLAS. For evaluation, we select the element fill-in-the-blank problem (EFP) as the target type in JPLAS and generate several instances using this tool. The results confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama1999-59031782025A Verilog Programming Learning Assistant System Focused on Basic Verilog with a Guided Learning Method333ENPin-ChiehHsiehDepartment of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of TechnologyTzu-LunFangDepartment of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of TechnologyShaoboJinDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityYuyanWangDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityNobuoFunabikiDepartment of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama UniversityYu-ChengFanDepartment of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of TechnologyWith continuous advancements in semiconductor technology, mastering efficient designs of high-quality and advanced chips has become an important part of science and technology education. Chip performances will determine the futures of various aspects of societies. However, novice students often encounter difficulties in learning digital chip designs using Verilog programming, a common hardware design language. An efficient self-study system for supporting them that can offer various exercise problems, such that any answer is marked automatically, is in strong demand. In this paper, we design and implement a web-based Verilog programming learning assistant system (VPLAS), based on our previous works on software programming. Using a heuristic and guided learning method, VPLAS leads students to learn the basic circuit syntax step by step, until they acquire high-quality digital integrated circuit design abilities through self-study. For evaluation, we assign the proposal to 50 undergraduate students at the National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan, who are taking the introductory chip-design course, and confirm that their learning outcomes using VPLAS together are far better than those obtained when following a traditional method. In our final statistics, students achieved an average initial accuracy rate of over 70% on their first attempts at answering questions after learning through our website’s tutorials. With the help of the system’s instant automated grading and rapid feedback, their average accuracy rate eventually exceeded 99%. This clearly demonstrates thaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Frontiers Media SAActa Medica Okayama2624-936772025Muscle morphological adaptations to resistance training and sports participation in children and adolescents: a scoping review1646835ENShotaEnomotoInstitute for Promotion of Education and Campus Life, Okayama UniversityNobuakiTottoriGraduate School of Education, Hyogo University of Teacher EducationIntroduction: This scoping review aimed to systematically map the existing literature on the effects of resistance training (RT) and sports participation on muscle morphology in children and adolescents.<br>
Methods: Herein, a literature search was conducted using three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were as follows: articles that were written in English, which used chronic RT or a combination of RT with other training methods, or investigated the effects of sports participation, and reported muscle morphology as an outcome.<br>
Results: This scoping review included 29 studies: 17 cross-sectional studies, 3 prospective observational studies, and 9 interventional studies. The following distribution was obtained after categorizing the included studies according to participant age: aged 6–11 years, 12 articles; aged 12–14 years, 10 articles; and aged 15–17 years, 10 articles. The designs of interventional studies included eight quasi-experimental parallel-group trials and a quasi-experimental crossover trial. However, none of the included interventional studies followed the CONSORT guidelines for conducting randomized controlled trials. Across the included studies, 14 different sports were analyzed for their effects on muscle morphology. Four studies combined players from various sports. In the included studies, 47 different muscles or muscle groups were examined. Our results identified unexplored muscles because our included studies did not examine the volume of lower leg muscles.<br>
Conclusion: Future research directions in this field, including experimental design and targeted muscles, are warranted.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama2045-23221512025Periodontitis associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection is a risk factor for infertility through uterine hypertrophy34964ENChiakiKamei-NagataDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKazuhiroOmoriDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHidefumiSakoDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalKyosukeSakaidaDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalMasa-akiNakayamaDepartment of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityToshiakiOharaDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHirokiMandaiDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical ScienceMoyukaKubota-TakamoriDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityFumikoKiyamaDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTakayukiIshiiDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKimitoHiraiDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityAtsushiIkedaDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalKazuTakeuchi-HatanakaDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalYukiShinoda-ItoDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityMasakoTai-TokuzenDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalAiSakamotoCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Miyake ClinicMachikoKiyokawaCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Miyake ClinicTomomiYamanishiCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Miyake ClinicTakashiOdaCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Miyake ClinicMasayukiTakigawaMiyake Hello Dental Clinic, Pediatric Dentistry and OrthodonticsTadashiYamamotoThe Center for Graduate Medical Education (Dental Division), Okayama University HospitalTakahitoMiyakeCenter for Reproductive Medicine, Miyake ClinicShogoTakashibaDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityPeriodontitis has recently been recognized as a potential risk factor for infertility due to its adverse effect on conception, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated serum IgG antibody titers against periodontopathogenic bacteria in women with unexplained infertility and investigated how periodontal inflammation affects pregnancy and uterine function using a ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). IgG antibody titers against seven periodontopathogenic bacteria strains were measured by ELISA in 76 spontaneously pregnant women and 70 women undergoing infertility treatment. In the in vivo study, periodontitis mice were bred four weeks after periodontitis induction. Birth numbers, newborn weights, and gestation periods were assessed. To evaluate periodontal inflammation, alveolar bone, serum, and uterus was collected before mating. Uterine tissue was evaluated through histological and immunohistochemical staining. Women receiving infertility treatment were significantly older and had higher IgG titers against three Pg strains. Periodontitis mice had fewer births, lower newborn weights, and increased uterine cross-sectional areas. Additionally, elevated estrogen receptor α and progesterone receptor expression levels were observed in endometrial and stromal tissues. These results suggest that periodontitis may cause uterine hypertrophy and hormone receptor changes, potentially impairing pregnancy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama1943-39218762025Implicit effect of visual long-term memory for nonverbal objects on recognition judgment18411851ENTomoeMasuokaFaculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima College of NursingMegumiNishiyamaDepartment of Criminal Psychology, University of Human EnvironmentsYunaTsurusakiFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityTakafumiTerasawaFaculty of Education, Okayama UniversityThis study uses an indirect recognition procedure to examine whether prior exposure to nonverbal visual objects affects recognition judgments in later, unrelated recognition tests. We also examined the effect of matching operations between study and test on recognition judgments. The experiment consisted of two sessions. The first session was an incidental learning task: Each object was presented twice, and participants were asked to count the number of corners of the presented object. In the second session after 3 weeks, participants performed the same task as in the first session and then performed an unexpected recognition test. In this test, participants were asked to identify whether the presented object had appeared in the second session. To unify the operation between study and test, some participants were required to count the number of corners of the presented object before the recognition judgment. The results revealed that recognition performance for the objects that appeared in the first session was significantly different from that of objects that had not appeared, even when participants were not asked to recall the episode of the first session when performing the recognition test. Although the results of the effect of the matching operation suggested a negative effect on recognition, the results were unclear. This finding indicates that representations for nonverbal objects are preserved for at least 3 weeks. This also highlights the need to consider the implicit effect of a brief prior experience on recognition judgments.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama2045-23221512025Continuous glucose monitoring reveals periodontitis-induced glucose variability, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice34768ENMoyukaKubota-TakamoriDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKazuhiroOmoriDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityChiakiKamei-NagataDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalFumikoKiyamaDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityTakayukiIshiiDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityMasaakiNakayamaDepartment of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKazuyoshiGotohDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Health SciencesKimitoHiraiDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalYukiShinoda-ItoDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityKeisukeOkuboDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalShinNakamuraDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityAtsushiIkedaDepartment of Periodontics and Endodontics, Division of Dentistry, Okayama University HospitalTsugumichiSaitoDepartment of Health & Sports Sciences, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei UniversityJunWadaDepartment of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityShogoTakashibaDepartment of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityDiabetes mellitus (DM) management has advanced from self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which better prevents complications. However, the influence of periodontitis—a common DM complication—on glucose variability is unclear. This study examined glucose variability in mice with periodontitis using CGM. Periodontitis was induced in 9-week-old male C57BL/6J mice via silk ligatures around the upper second molars. Glucose levels were monitored over 14 days with CGM, validated by SMBG. On day 14, samples were collected to assess alveolar bone resorption and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), insulin, and amyloid A. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted to evaluate insulin resistance. Gut microbiota diversity was also analyzed. By day 10, mice with periodontitis exhibited higher mean glucose levels and time above range than controls. On day 14, serum insulin and amyloid A levels significantly increased, while TNF-α remained unchanged. GTT and ITT indicated insulin resistance. Microbiota analysis showed reduced alpha- and altered beta-diversity, with decreased Coprococcus spp. and increased Prevotella spp., linking dysbiosis to insulin resistance. Periodontitis disrupts glucose regulation by promoting insulin resistance and gut microbiota imbalance, leading to significant glucose variability.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama0957-45223612024Optical bandgap tuning in SnO2–MoS2 nanocomposites: manipulating the mass of SnO2 and MoS2 using sonochemical solution mixing6ENChinkhaiOngSchool of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaWeng NamLeeHeriot-Watt Global College, Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaYee SengTanSunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway UniversityPatrikOhbergSchool of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityYasuhikoHayashiFaculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTakeshiNishikawaFaculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYuenkiatYapHeriot-Watt Global College, Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaThis study investigates controlled optical bandgap tuning through precise adjustment of the SnO2 and MoS2 mass in nanocomposites. A sonochemical solution mixing method, coupled with bath sonication, is employed for the preparation of SnO2–MoS2 nanocomposite. This approach allows for comprehensive characterization using UV–Vis FTIR, XRD, EDX, Raman spectroscopies, and FESEM, providing insights into morphology, chemical, and optical properties. Increasing the SnO2 mass leads to a linear decrease in the optical bandgap energy, from 3.0 to 1.7 eV. Similarly, increasing the MoS2 mass also results in a decrease in the optical bandgap energy, with a limitation of around 2.01 eV. This work demonstrates superior control over optical bandgap by manipulating the SnO2 mass compared to MoS2, highlighting the complexities introduced by MoS2 2D nanosheets during sonication. These findings hold significant value for optoelectronic applications, emphasizing enhanced control of optical bandgap through systematic mass manipulation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Informa UK LimitedActa Medica Okayama0003-27195822024Influence of Dilution Upon the Ultraviolet-Visible Peak Absorbance and Optical Bandgap Estimation of Tin(IV) Oxide and Tin(IV) Oxide-Molybdenum(IV) Sulfide Solutions196212ENChin KhaiOngSchool of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaWeng NamLeeHeriot-Watt Global College, Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaMohammadKhalidSunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway UniversityMuhammad Amirul AizatMohd AbdahSunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway UniversityPatrikOhbergInstitute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityLing HongLimHeriot-Watt Global College, Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaYasuhikoHayashiGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityTakeshiNishikawaGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityYuenkiatYapHeriot-Watt Global College, Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaThe study investigated the constraints associated with the dilution technique in determining the optical bandgap of nanoparticle dispersion and modified nanocomposites, utilizing ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectra and Tauc plot analysis. A case study involving SnO2 dispersion and SnO2-MoS2 nanocomposite solutions, prepared through the direct solution mixing method, was conducted to assess the implications of dilution upon the absorbance spectra and bandgap estimation. The results emphasize the considerable impact of the dilution technique on the measured optical bandgap, demonstrating that higher dilution factors lead to shift in bandgap values. Furthermore, the study highlights that dilution can induce variations in the average nanoparticle sizes due to agglomeration, thereby influencing bandgap estimation. In the context of nanocomposites, the interaction between SnO2 nanoparticles and exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets diminishes with increasing dilution, leading to the estimated optical bandgap being primarily attributable to SnO2 nanoparticles alone. These observations underscore the necessity for caution when employing the dilution technique for bandgap estimation in nanoparticles dispersion and nanocomposites, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama2577-44411332025Adaptive strategies and community engagement for sustainable conservation and tourism in Komodo National Park, Indonesia335349ENImelda Masni JuniatySianiparDepartment of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Kristen IndonesiaChun-HungLeeCenter for Environmental Solution (CVISION), Universitas PertaminaDoo-ChulKimFaculty of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityI Wayan KokoSuryawanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure Planning, Universitas PertaminaThe sustainability of Komodo protection efforts is closely linked to tourism development. To achieve this, it is important to have a deep understanding of local community behaviors and adaptation strategies. This study focuses on the complex relationships between sociodemographic factors, attitudes towards forest conservation, participation in adaptive management programs, and willingness of local communities in the Komodo district to engage in sustainable tourism practices. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we analyze the connections that either support or hinder the conservation of Komodo habitats while promoting responsible tourism growth. The results show that sociodemographic characteristics have a significant impact on conservation attitudes, leading to increased participation in adaptive programs that are crucial for sustainable tourism. Additionally, the willingness to adapt is a key factor that influences the level of community involvement in sustainable tourism initiatives. This study emphasizes the importance of developing behavioral and adaptive forest protection programs that cater to both Komodo conservation and the sustainable growth of tourism. Policy recommendations focus on community-centered conservation strategies, education on sustainable practices, and the implementation of adaptive management to ensure the long-term viability of Komodo habitats. Overall, this research provides a nuanced understanding of conservation behavior in regions with rich biodiversity. It highlights the pivotal role of community engagement and adaptive strategies in achieving sustainable tourism and conservation goals.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama2072-664317182025Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 Alters the Gut Microbiota and Mitigates Pulmonary Hypertension in a Rat Model2927ENZhixinZhaoInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityGaopengLiDepartment of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityKiyomiOhmichiDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University HospitalXiaodongLiDepartment of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityFeiyanZhaoInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityKaoriIshikawaDepartment of General Medicine, Kagawa University HospitalRyouIshikawaDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University HospitalKazufumiNakamuraCenter for Advanced Heart Failure, Okayama University HospitalNaoyaYokotaDepartment of General Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityZhihongSunInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityLin HaiKuraharaDepartment of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityBackground: Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Colostrum-derived Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 (Probio-M9) has shown protective effects against inflammation and remodeling. We investigated whether Probio-M9 supplementation could improve the pathology of PH. Methods: The monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH model rats are created followed by Probio-M9 treatment. Microbiota and pathological analyses were performed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Probio-M9. Results: Probio-M9 significantly suppressed cardiovascular remodeling and reduced mortality in rats. Analysis of the fecal microbiota revealed that Probio-M9 significantly altered the gut microbiota of MCT model rats. Specifically, Alistipes sp009774895 and Duncaniella muris populations increased, whereas Limosilactobacillus reuteri_D, Ligilactobacillus apodeme and Monoglobus sp900542675 decreased compared to those in the MCT group. Focusing on the expression of GPNMB in macrophages and the localization of CD44, we found that the number of these cells increased in the MCT group but significantly decreased with Probio-M9 treatment. In lung tissue from PH patients, more GPNMB-positive macrophages were found than non-PH lungs, and an increase in CD44-positive cells was confirmed in the vicinity of GPNMB. Conclusions: Probio-M9 had a significant impact on the intestinal microbiota and GPNMB/CD44 positive cells in the lungs of PH rats.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama2041-17231612025Persistent homology elucidates hierarchical structures responsible for mechanical properties in covalent amorphous solids8226ENEmiMinamitaniSANKEN, The University of OsakaTakenobuNakamuraDepartment of Materials and Chemistry Materials DX Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)IppeiObayashiCenter for Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Data Science, Okayama UniversityHideyukiMizunoGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoUnderstanding how atomic-level structures govern the mechanical properties of amorphous materials remains a fundamental challenge in solid-state physics. Under mechanical loading, amorphous materials exhibit simple affine and spatially inhomogeneous nonaffine displacements that contribute to the elastic modulus through the Born (affine) and nonaffine terms, respectively. The differences between soft local structures characterized by small Born terms or large nonaffine displacements have yet to be elucidated. This challenge is particularly complex in covalent amorphous materials such as silicon, where the medium-range order (MRO) plays a crucial role in the network structure. To address these issues, we combined molecular dynamics simulations with persistent homology analysis. Our results reveal that local structures with small Born terms are governed by short-range characteristics, whereas those with large nonaffine displacements exhibit hierarchical structures in which short-range disorder is embedded within the MRO. These hierarchical structures are also strongly correlated with low-energy localized vibrational excitations. Our findings demonstrate that the mechanical responses and dynamic properties of covalent amorphous materials are intrinsically linked to the MRO, providing a framework for understanding and tailoring their properties.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Universitas Negeri JakartaActa Medica Okayama2614-39841822025Data inventory, processing, and reporting on plant blindness among high school students in three schools in West Java2232ENPuan Helwa RezhaSorayaBiology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan IndonesiaRiniSolihatBiology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan IndonesiaYayanSanjayaBiology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan IndonesiaTaroHaradaGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityPlant blindness is a problem related to a person's inability to realize, recognize, and know the benefits and roles of plants. After some research, there was a shift in the term, from Plant Blindness to Plant Awareness Disparity. This study aims to find out the prevalence of Plant Blindness in three high schools in West Java. The method used in this study is descriptive Cross sectional. The results of this study revealed that there were differences in the level of plant awareness in the three schools studied. One of the schools in the city of Bandung showed the highest plant awareness rate. In addition, it was also found that students who had a high level of plant awareness had a high perception of plant awareness. As a follow-up, further research can be carried out to collect more data so that it becomes a whole population. In addition, researchers can then use additional instruments so that more things can be revealed about plant blindness.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama1936-52091932025Oregon Wolfe barley genetic stocks – Research and teaching tools for next generation scientistse70004ENMargaret R.KrauseDepartment of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State UniversityJuan DavidArbelaezDepartment of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignÅsmundAsdalNordic Genetic Resource CentreRamziBelkodjaCIHEAM-ZaragozaNancyBouryDepartment of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State UniversityVictoria C.BlakeDepartment of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State UniversityPatrick J.BrownDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of California-DavisAnaCasasDepartamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental Aula Dei–CSICLuisCistuéDepartamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental Aula Dei–CSICAlbaFarré‐MartínezAGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Universidad de LleidaScottFiskDepartment of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State UniversityGregory S.FuerstU.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State UniversityEstelaGiménezDepartment of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de MadridCarlaGuijarro‐RealDepartment of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de MadridKatyGuthrieDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of MinnesotaMargaretHalsteadAardevo North AmericaLauraHelgersonDepartment of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State UniversityHiroshiHisanoInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityErnestoIgartuaDepartamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental Aula Dei–CSICMortenLillemoDepartment of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life SciencesMarinaMartínez‐GarcíaDepartment of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMarionaMartínez‐SubiràAGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Universidad de LleidaSusanMcCouchPlant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell UniversityLaurieMcGheeColfax-Mingo Community High SchoolTravisNickolsDepartment of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State UniversityNickPetersDepartment of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State UniversityRaymondPorterHaupert Institute for Agricultural Studies, Huntington UniversityIgnacioRomagosaAGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Universidad de LleidaAnja KarineRuudDepartment of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life SciencesKazuhiroSatoInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversitySilvioSalviDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of BolognaGiuseppeSangiorgiDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of BolognaRebekkaSchüllerDepartment of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignTaner Z.SenCrop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceJosé MiguelSorianoAGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Universidad de LleidaRobert M.StuparDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of MinnesotaTo‐ChiaTingAgronomy Department, Purdue UniversityKellyViningDepartment of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State UniversityMariavon KorffInstitute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfAgathaWallaInstitute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDiane R.WangAgronomy Department, Purdue UniversityRobbieWaughDivision of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeRoger P.WiseDepartment of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State UniversityRobertWolfeAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaEricYaoCrop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServicePatrick M.HayesDepartment of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State UniversityThe Oregon Wolfe Barley (OWB) mapping population (Reg. no. MP-4, NSL 554937 MAP) is a resource for genetics research and instruction. The OWBs are a set of doubled haploid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines developed at Oregon State University from the F1 of a cross between Dr. Robert Wolfe's dominant and recessive marker stocks. Exhibiting a high level of genetic and phenotypic diversity, the OWBs are used throughout the world as a research tool for barley genetics. To date, these endeavors have led to 56 peer-reviewed publications, as well as three reports in the Barley Genetics Newsletter. At the same time, the OWBs are widely used as an instructor resource at the K–12, undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels. They are currently used at universities and/or institutes in German, Italy, Norway, Spain, and the United States and are currently being developed further for educational use in other countries. Genotype and phenotype data, lesson plans, and seed availability information are available herein and online.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama2399-3669712024Post-spinel-type AB2O4 high-pressure phases in geochemistry and materials science189ENMasakiAkaogiDepartment of Chemistry, Gakushuin UniversityTakayukiIshiiInstitute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityKazunariYamauraResearch Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials SciencePost-spinel-type AB2O4 compounds are stable at higher pressures than spinel phases. These compounds have garnered much interest in geo- and materials science for their geochemical importance as well as potential application as high ionic conductors and materials with strongly correlated electrons. Here, large-volume high-pressure syntheses, structural features and properties of post-spinels are reviewed. Prospects are discussed for future searches for post-spinel-type phases by applying advanced large-volume high-pressure technology.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.American Chemical Society (ACS)Acta Medica Okayama2694-24962025RNA Delivery Using a Graphene Oxide-Polyethylenimine Hybrid Inhibiting Myotube DifferentiationENKojiMatsuuraCNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISISGiacomoReinaCNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISISZhengfengGaoCNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISISYutaNishinaResearch Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama UniversityAlbertoBiancoCNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISISGraphene oxide (GO) conjugated with short polyethylenimine (PEI) chains (GO-PEI) has been designed as a candidate nanocarrier for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery to mammalian cells based on the efficient interaction between the positively charged GO-based platform and the negatively charged siRNA. The function and efficiency of siRNA delivery using GO-PEI were compared to those using the positive control Lipofectamine RNAiMax by analyzing the differentiation to myotubes, and myogenin gene and protein expression in C2C12 cells. RNAiMax transfection induced cellularization and reduction of both myogenin gene and protein expression, suggesting that the differentiation of C2C12 cells was triggered by gene silencing. While GO-PEI also promoted cellularization, the myogenin gene expression remained comparable to scrambled controls, whereas the protein levels were higher than those observed with RNAiMax. Mechanistically, we attributed the reduced gene silencing efficiency of GO-PEI to a poor endosomal escape, despite strong siRNA complexation. This limitation was likely due to a low buffering capacity of GO-PEI, as a significant fraction of nitrogen atoms were already protonated, reducing the availability of free amines necessary for endosomal disruption. An appropriate chemical modification to enhance siRNA release from the endosomes is therefore essential for advancing the development of GO-based platforms as versatile and efficient nanocarriers in gene therapy applications.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.IOP PublishingActa Medica Okayama2399-6528862024Inert structural transition in 4H and 6H SiC at high pressure and temperature: a Raman spectroscopy study065001ENShuhouMaitaniDepartment of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji UniversityRyosukeSinmyoDepartment of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji UniversityTakayukiIshiiInstitute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityKenjiYozaBruker JapanWe conducted Raman spectroscopy measurements of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC up to 69 GPa and 1023 K to assess the stability and bonding of SiC at high pressure and temperature. Both optic and acoustic modes were observed at wide pressure and temperature ranges. The temperature shifts of the Raman frequencies were fitted by the equation with the Bose–Einstein distribution function, and we found that the shifts were almost insensitive to the pressure. The mode Grüneisen coefficients weakly depend on the pressure and temperature, suggesting the sluggish transition of the crystal structure, unlike the previous experiments showing the transition or decomposition of SiC at high pressure and temperature conditions. Inert transitions are confirmed by Raman measurements and annealing experiments using multiple high-pressure apparatuses. The crystallinity may be a hidden critical parameter in the experiments to determine the stable polytypes of SiC under high pressure and temperature.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama2590-1974272025Development of a technique to identify μm-sized organic matter in asteroidal material: An approach using machine learning100277ENRahulKumarThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityKatsuraKobayashiThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityChristianPotiszilThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityTakKunihiroThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityAsteroidal materials contain organic matter (OM), which records a number of extraterrestrial environments and thus provides a record of Solar System processes. OM contain essential compounds for the origin of life. To understand the origin and evolution of OM, systematic identification and detailed observation using in-situ techniques is required. While both nm- and μm-sized OM were studied previously, only a small portion of a given sample surface was investigated in each study. Here, a novel workflow was developed and applied to identify and classify μm-sized OM on mm-sized asteroidal materials. The workflow involved image processing and machine learning, enabling a comprehensive and non-biased way of identifying, classifying, and measuring the properties of OM. We found that identifying OM is more accurate by classification with machine learning than by clustering. On the approach of classification with machine learning, five algorithms were tested. The random forest algorithm was selected as it scored the highest in 4 out of 5 accuracy parameters during evaluation. The workflow gave modal OM abundances that were consistent with those identified manually, demonstrating that the workflow can accurately identify 1-15 μm-sized OM. The size distribution of OM was modeled using the power-law distribution, giving slope α values that were consistent with fragmentation processes. The shape of the OM was quantified using circularity and solidity, giving a positive correlation and indicating these properties are closely related. Overall, the workflow enabled identification of many OM quickly and accurately and the obtainment of chemical and petrographic information. Such information can help the selection of OM for further in-situ techniques, and elucidate the origin and evolution of OM preserved in asteroidal materials.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier B.V.Acta Medica Okayama0304-41651869122025The F54L mutation of Thioredoxin shows protein instability and increased fluctuations of the catalytic center130860ENTakumiBabaLife Science Research Infrastructure Group, Advanced Photon Technology Division, RIKEN SPring-8 CenterGoUenoLife Science Research Infrastructure Group, Advanced Photon Technology Division, RIKEN SPring-8 CenterChikaOheLife Science Research Infrastructure Group, Advanced Photon Technology Division, RIKEN SPring-8 CenterShukuSajiStructural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research InstituteSachikoYamamotoStructural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research InstituteMasakiYamamotoLife Science Research Infrastructure Group, Advanced Photon Technology Division, RIKEN SPring-8 CenterHiroshiNakagawaMaterials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy AgencyNobuoOkazakiNeutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS)MamoruOuchidaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityIoriKawasaki-OhmoriSection of Developmental Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Education, Okayama UniversityKoheiTakeshitaLife Science Research Infrastructure Group, Advanced Photon Technology Division, RIKEN SPring-8 CenterThioredoxin is a ubiquitous redox protein that acts as an electron donor via its conserved dithiol motif (C32GPC35), catalyzing dithiol–disulfide exchange to regulate the redox state of target proteins. It supports antioxidant defense via peroxiredoxins, facilitates DNA synthesis by donating electrons to ribonucleotide reductase, and regulates redox-sensitive signaling pathways, including those controlling transcription and apoptosis. Neuronal degeneration and chronic kidney disease have been observed in Txn-F54L mutant rats; however, the details of why the Txn mutation causes these phenomena remain unknown. The present study aimed to elucidate the functional and structural changes caused by the F54L mutation. The Thioredoxin-F54L showed less insulin-reducing activity and more thermosensitivity to denaturation in the body temperature range compared to the wild type. The crystal structure revealed that F54 forms hydrophobic interactions with the surrounding hydrophobic amino acids. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation predicts increased fluctuations around the F54L mutation and a tendency for the distance between residues C32 and C35 at the catalytic center to be widened. The increased distance between residues C32 and C35 of the catalytic center may affect the reducing activity of the enzyme on the substrate. The finding that Thioredoxin-F54L is prone to denaturation at normal body temperature may reduce the normally functioning Thioredoxin. These molecular characteristics of Thioredoxin-F54L may be related to brain and kidney disease development in the Txn-F54L rats.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Elsevier BVActa Medica Okayama0016-70374002025Lithium- and oxygen-isotope compositions of a Si-rich nebular reservoir determined from chondrule constituents in the Sahara 97103 EH3 chondrite5171ENToriiDouglas-SongThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityTsutomuOtaThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityMasahiroYamanakaThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityHiroshiKitagawaThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityRyojiTanakaThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityChristianPotiszilThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityTakKunihiroThe Pheasant Memorial Laboratory Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama UniversityHere we report the in situ ion-microprobe analyses of the Li- and O-isotope compositions of enstatite, FeO-rich pyroxene, olivine, glass, and cristobalite grains from six chondrule-related objects from the Sahara 97103 EH3 chondrite. The O-isotope composition of the enstatite grains scattered around the intersection between the terrestrial fractionation and primitive chondrule minerals lines. Whereas, that of olivine varied along the primitive chondrule minerals line. Based on the mineralogy, we found cristobalite formed as a result of Si saturation, instead of the reduction of FeO-rich silicates, consistent with Si-enrichment of whole rock enstatite chondrites. Based on the mineralogy and O-isotope compositions, we infer that olivines in some chondrules are relict grains. In chondrules that contained olivine, no abundant niningerite [(Mg,Fe,Mn)S] was observed. Thus, enstatite formation can be explained by the interaction of an olivine precursor with additional SiO2 (Mg2SiO4 + SiO2 → Mg2Si2O6), instead of sulfidation (Mg2SiO4 + S → 1/2 Mg2Si2O6 + MgS + 1/2 O2). Using the equation Mg2SiO4 + SiO2 → Mg2Si2O6 and the O-isotope compositions of enstatite and olivine, the O-isotope composition of the additional SiO2 was estimated. Based on the O-isotope composition, we infer that there could be a Si-rich gas with an elevated Δ17O value similar to, or greater than the second trend line (Δ17O = 0.9 ‰) suggested by Weisberg et al. (2021), during chondrule formation. The variation in the Li-isotope compositions of enstatite and olivine grains from EH3 chondrules is smaller than that for the same phases from CV3 chondrules. The variation in the Li-isotope compositions of the enstatite and olivine grains from EH3 chondrules is also smaller than that of their O-isotope compositions. During the recycling of enstatite-chondrite chondrules, both Li- and O-isotope compositions were homogenized. Although enstatite is the major carrier of Li in EH3 chondrules, the Li-isotope composition (δ7Li) of enstatite is lower than that of whole rock EH3 chondrites, suggesting the existence of a phase with higher δ7Li. Meanwhile, the Li-isotope composition and concentration (δ7Li, [Li]) of enstatite is higher than that of olivine. The Li-isotope composition of the Si-rich gas was estimated to be δ7Li = 1 ‰, using a similar mass-balance calculation as applied for the O-isotope composition. The Li-isotope composition of the Si-rich gas from the enstatite-chondrite-chondrule forming-region, is consistent with that of whole rock EH3 chondrites, and differs significantly from that of the Si-rich gas from the carbonaceous-chondrite-chondrule forming-region (δ7Li = −11 ‰) determined by a previous study. We speculate that the Si-rich gas in the carbonaceous-chondrite-chondrule forming-region maintained the Li-isotope heterogeneity inherited from light lithium synthesized by galactic cosmic-ray spallation in the interstellar medium.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama0032-088919812025The thylakoid membrane remodeling protein VIPP1 forms bundled oligomers in tobacco chloroplastskiaf137ENSarah WGachieInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityAlexandreMuhireInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityDiLiInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityAkihiroKawamotoInstitute for Protein Research, Osaka UniversityNorikoTakeda-KamiyaMass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYumiGotoMass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceMayukoSatoMass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceKiminoriToyookaMass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceRyoYoshimuraInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityTsuneakiTakamiInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityLingangZhangSchool of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University/Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop BiotechnologyGenjiKurisuInstitute for Protein Research, Osaka UniversityToruTerachiFaculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo UniversityWataruSakamotoInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityThe thylakoid membrane (TM) serves as the scaffold for oxygen-evolving photosynthesis, hosting the protein complexes responsible for the light reactions and ATP synthesis. Vesicle inducing protein in plastid 1 (VIPP1), a key protein in TM remodeling, has been recognized as essential for TM homeostasis. In vitro studies of cyanobacterial VIPP1 demonstrated its ability to form large homo-oligomers (2 MDa) manifesting as ring-like or filament-like assemblies associated with membranes. Similarly, VIPP1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii assembles into rods that encapsulate liposomes or into stacked spiral structures. However, the nature of VIPP1 assemblies in chloroplasts, particularly in Arabidopsis, remains uncharacterized. Here, we expressed Arabidopsis thaliana VIPP1 fused to GFP (AtVIPP1-GFP) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) chloroplasts and performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A purified AtVIPP1-GFP fraction was enriched with long filamentous tubule-like structures. Detailed TEM observations of chloroplasts in fixed resin-embedded tissues identified VIPP1 assemblies in situ that appeared to colocalize with GFP fluorescence. Electron tomography demonstrated that the AtVIPP1 oligomers consisted of bundled filaments near membranes, some of which appeared connected to the TM or inner chloroplast envelope at their contact sites. The observed bundles were never detected in wild-type Arabidopsis but were observed in Arabidopsis vipp1 mutants expressing AtVIPP1-GFP. Taken together, we propose that the bundled filaments are the dominant AtVIPP1 oligomers that represent its static state in vivo.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama0032-07812025Thylakostasis: key factors in thylakoid membrane organization with emphasis on biogenesis and remodeling proteins in vascular plantspcaf098ENWataruSakamotoInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityThe thylakoid membrane (TM), a defining feature for almost all oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms, serves as the structural foundation for light-driven energy conversion. In vascular plants, the TM evolved into a complex architecture composed of single-layered stroma thylakoids and stacked grana thylakoids, enabling the spatial organization of two photosystems (PSII and PSI) to optimize light capture and energy transfer. In addition, two membrane regions, one connecting these two compartments (grana margin) and the other corresponding to the curvature domain in grana, function in dissipating excess energy, balancing electron transfer, and maintaining functional PSII. Recent advances in electron microscopy imaging and proteome analysis of membrane subcompartments have provided new insights into the structure and dynamic adaptations of the TM in response to diverse environmental conditions. To describe the mechanisms that govern TM architecture, dynamics, and integrity, I am introducing the concept of “thylakostasis” (thylakoid homeostasis). Here, I provide an overview of the molecular components and processes central to thylakostasis, including the biosynthesis of lipids, chlorophyll, and proteins. I focus particularly on the membrane remodeling proteins whose functions have been elucidated recently, such as VIPP1, a member of the evolutionarily conserved PspA/ESCRT-III superfamily; FZL, a dynamin-like GTPase; and CURT1, a curvature-inducing protein unique to photosynthetic organisms. Together, these factors orchestrate TM biogenesis, remodeling, and adaptive flexibility that is essential for photosynthetic efficiency.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama1751-73621812024Cyanorhodopsin-II represents a yellow-absorbing proton-pumping rhodopsin clade within cyanobacteriawrae175ENMasumiHasegawa-TakanoAtmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of TokyoToshiakiHosakaLaboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchKeiichiKojimaFaculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYosukeNishimuraAtmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of TokyoMarieKuriharaGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityYuNakajimaAtmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of TokyoYoshikoIshizuka-KatsuraLaboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchTomomiKimura-SomeyaLaboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchMikakoShirouzuLaboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchYukiSudoFaculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversitySusumuYoshizawaAtmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of TokyoMicrobial rhodopsins are prevalent in many cyanobacterial groups as a light-energy-harvesting system in addition to the photosynthetic system. It has been suggested that this dual system allows efficient capture of sunlight energy using complementary ranges of absorption wavelengths. However, the diversity of cyanobacterial rhodopsins, particularly in accumulated metagenomic data, remains underexplored. Here, we used a metagenomic mining approach, which led to the identification of a novel rhodopsin clade unique to cyanobacteria, cyanorhodopsin-II (CyR-II). CyR-IIs function as light-driven outward H+ pumps. CyR-IIs, together with previously identified cyanorhodopsins (CyRs) and cyanobacterial halorhodopsins (CyHRs), constitute cyanobacterial ion-pumping rhodopsins (CyipRs), a phylogenetically distinct family of rhodopsins. The CyR-II clade is further divided into two subclades, YCyR-II and GCyR-II, based on their specific absorption wavelength. YCyR-II absorbed yellow light (λmax = 570 nm), whereas GCyR-II absorbed green light (λmax = 550 nm). X-ray crystallography and mutational analysis revealed that the difference in absorption wavelengths is attributable to slight changes in the side chain structure near the retinal chromophore. The evolutionary trajectory of cyanobacterial rhodopsins suggests that the function and light-absorbing range of these rhodopsins have been adapted to a wide range of habitats with variable light and environmental conditions. Collectively, these findings shed light on the importance of rhodopsins in the evolution and environmental adaptation of cyanobacteria.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama1071-26902025S100A8/A9-MCAM signaling promotes gastric cancer cell progression via ERK-c-Jun activationENYouyiChenDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineXuYangDepartment of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineRieKinoshitaDepartment of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesNahokoTomonobuDepartment of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesBoPanThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineFangpingWuSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityXuZhangDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineKazumiSagayamaFaculties of Educational and Research Management Field, Okayama UniversityBeiSunDepartment of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityMasakiyoSakaguchiDepartment of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesS100 protein family members S100A8 and S100A9 function primarily as a heterodimer complex (S100A8/A9) in vivo. This complex has been implicated in various cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Recent studies suggest that these proteins play significant roles in tumor progression, inflammation, and metastasis. However, the exact mechanisms by which S100A8/A9 contributes to GC pathogenesis remain unclear. This study investigates the role of S100A8/A9 and its receptor in GC. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on GC tissue samples to assess the expression of the S100A8/A9 receptor melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM). In vitro transwell migration and invasion assays were used to evaluate the motility and invasiveness of GC cells. Cell proliferation was assessed using a growth assay, and Western blotting (WB) was employed to examine downstream signaling pathways, including ERK and the transcription factor c-Jun, in response to S100A8/A9–MCAM interaction. S100A8/A9 stimulation enhanced both proliferation and migration through MCAM binding in GC cell lines. These cellular events were accompanied by ERK activation and c-Jun induction. Downregulation of MCAM suppressed both ERK phosphorylation and c-Jun expression, highlighting the importance of the S100A8/A9‒MCAM‒ERK‒c-Jun axis in promoting GC progression. These findings indicate that S100A8/A9 contributes to GC progression via MCAM, which activates the ERK‒c-Jun pathway. The S100A8/A9‒signaling axis may represent a novel therapeutic target in GC.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama1422-006726172025Augmentation of the Benzyl Isothiocyanate-Induced Antiproliferation by NBDHEX in the HCT-116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line8145ENRuitongSunGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityAinaYanoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityAyanoSatohGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityShintaroMunemasaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiMurataGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityToshiyukiNakamuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshimasaNakamuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityIncreased drug metabolism and elimination are prominent mechanisms mediating multidrug resistance (MDR) to not only chemotherapy drugs but also anti-cancer natural products, such as benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC). To evaluate the possibility of combined utilization of a certain compound to overcome this resistance, we focused on glutathione S-transferase (GST)-dependent metabolism of BITC. The pharmacological treatment of a pi-class GST-selective inhibitor, 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio)hexanol (NBDHEX), significantly increased BITC-induced toxicity in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells. However, NBDHEX unexpectedly increased the level of the BITC–glutathione (GSH) conjugate as well as BITC-modified proteins, suggesting that NBDHEX might increase BITC-modified protein accumulation by inhibiting BITC–GSH excretion instead of inhibiting GST. Furthermore, NBDHEX significantly potentiated BITC-induced apoptosis with the enhanced activation of apoptosis-related pathways, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase and caspase-3 pathways. These results suggested that combination treatment with NBDHEX may be an effective way to overcome MDR with drug efflux and thus induce the biological activity of BITC at lower doses.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)Acta Medica Okayama2169-3536132025Optimized Ensemble Deep Learning for Real-Time Intrusion Detection on Resource-Constrained Raspberry Pi Devices113544113556ENMuhammad BisriMusthafaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversitySamsulHudaInterdisciplinary Education and Research Field, Okayama UniversityTuy TanNguyenSchool of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona UniversityYutaKoderaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYasuyukiNogamiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityThe rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has increased security risks, making it essential to have effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) for real-time threat detection. Deep learning techniques offer promising solutions for such detection due to their superior complex pattern recognition and anomaly detection capabilities in large datasets. This paper proposes an optimized ensemble-based IDS designed specifically for efficient deployment on edge hardware. However, deploying such computationally intensive models on resource-limited edge devices remains a significant challenge due to model size and computational overhead on devices with limited processing capabilities. Building upon our previously developed stacked Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model integrated with ANOVA feature selection, we optimize it by integrating dual-stage model compression: pruning and quantization to create a lightweight model suitable for real-time inference on Raspberry Pi devices. To evaluate the system under realistic conditions, we combined with a Kafka-based testbed to simulate dynamic IoT environments with variable traffic loads, delays, and multiple simultaneous attack sources. This enables the assessment of detection performance under varying traffic volumes, latency, and overlapping attack scenarios. The proposed system maintains high detection performance with accuracy of 97.3% across all test scenarios, while efficiently leveraging multi-core processing with peak CPU usage reaching 111.8%. These results demonstrate the system’s practical viability for real-time IoT security at the edge.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)Acta Medica Okayama2169-3536132025Security in Post-Quantum Era: A Comprehensive Survey on Lattice-Based Algorithms8900389024ENHienNguyenSchool of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona UniversitySamsulHudaInterdisciplinary Education and Research Field, Okayama UniversityYasuyukiNogamiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTuy TanNguyenSchool of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona UniversityLattice-based post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has attracted significant attention as a promising solution to the security challenges posed by quantum computing. Unlike traditional cryptographic algorithms, lattice-based schemes are expected to remain secure even in the presence of quantum attacks, making them essential for securing future data. Despite their strong theoretical foundations, lattice-based schemes face several practical challenges, particularly in optimizing performance and scalability for real-world applications. This survey provides a novel taxonomy that categorizes lattice-based PQC designs, with an emphasis on computational paradigms and security considerations. We systematically evaluate lattice-based PQC implementations across both software platforms, including central processing units and graphics processing units, as well as hardware platforms like field-programmable gate arrays and application-specific integrated circuits, highlighting their strengths and limitations. In addition, we explore the practical applications of lattice-based cryptography in fields such as secure communication, critical infrastructure, privacy-preserving data analytics, artificial intelligence, and trust and authentication systems. By offering a comprehensive overview of the current state of lattice-based PQC, this survey aims to provide valuable insights into the ongoing advancements and future research directions in the field as we transition to a post-quantum era.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPI AGActa Medica Okayama2073-440914172025Discovery and Functional Characterization of Novel Aquaporins in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): Implications for Ion Transport and Salinity Tolerance1305ENNewton ChandraPaulInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityShahinImranInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityAnriMitsumotoInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityIzumi C.MoriInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityMakiKatsuharaInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityAquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water and solutes. Among AQPs, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) play a critical role in maintaining water balance between the internal and external cell environments. This study focuses on the tomato due to its economic importance and cultivation under moderate salinity conditions in Japan. A swelling assay using X. laevis oocyte confirmed that all five examined tomato SlPIP2 isoforms showed water transport activity. Among them, two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) experiments showed that only SlPIP2;1, SlPIP2;4, and SlPIP2;8 transport Na+ and K+, with no transport activity for Cs+, Rb+, Li+, or Cl−. CaCl2 (1.8 mM) reduced ionic currents by approximately 45% compared to 30 µM free-Ca2+. These isoforms function as very low-affinity Na+ and K+ transporters. Expression analysis showed that SlPIP2;4 and SlPIP2;8 had low, stable expression, while SlPIP2;1 was strongly upregulated in roots NaCl treatment (200 mM, 17days), suggesting distinct physiological roles for these ion-conducting AQPs (icAQPs). These data hypothesized that tomato icAQPs play a critical role in ion homeostasis, particularly under salinity stress. In conclusion, the first icAQPs have been identified in the dicotyledonous crop. These icAQPs are essential for plant resilience under salt stress.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama2045-23221512025Lactose fermenting enteroinvasive Escherichia coli from diarrhoeal cases confers enhanced virulence24040ENDebjaniGhoshDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)ProlayHalderDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)ProsenjitSamantaDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)GoutamChowdhuryCollaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsSreejaShawDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)PujaBoseDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)DeboleenaRoyDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)NiveditaRoyDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)KeiKitaharaCollaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsThandavarayanRamamurthyDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)HemantaKoleyDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)Shin-ichiMiyoshiGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityShantaDuttaDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)Asish KumarMukhopadhyayDivision of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections (ICMR-NIRBI)Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), known for causing bacillary dysentery akin to Shigella species, comprises both lactose-fermenting (LF) and non-lactose-fermenting (NLF) isolates. While NLF-EIEC is a well-established pathogen associated with acute dysentery and harbours classical Shigella-like virulence factors, the role of LF-EIEC in human disease remains underexplored. In this study, we sought to characterize LF-EIEC clinical isolates and assessed their pathogenic potential in comparison to NLF-EIEC. Among 13,682 diarrhoeal stool specimens, six LF and nine NLF-EIEC were isolated, predominantly belonging to serogroups O28ac, O125, O136, and O152. Unlike other E. coli, all the EIEC isolates were non-motile. Both the types of EIEC had multiple plasmids harbouring several virulence encoding genes (ipaBCD, ial, virF, sig, sepA and ipaH). Resistance to recent generation antibiotics were mostly confined to NLF-EIEC but some of the LF-EIEC were resistant only to ceftriaxone. Higher invasion ability and significant increase in the expression of virulence encoding genes by the LF-EIEC (p < 0.05) were noted during infection to Int407 cell-line. Additionally, LF-EIEC exhibited extensive colonization of the mouse intestine and expressed severe keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs. Together, our findings highlight LF-EIEC as an emerging pathogenic variant warranting heightened surveillance and comprehensive investigation to better understand its epidemiological and clinical significance.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Fuji Technology Press Ltd.Acta Medica Okayama1883-80302042025High-Definition Topographic Archiving and Educational Applications in Regions Affected by the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake401409ENTakuroOguraGraduate School of Education, Hyogo University of Teacher EducationHiroyukiYamauchiArt Research Center, Ritsumeikan UniversityTatsutoAokiFaculty of Regional Development Studies, Kanazawa UniversityNobuhisaMattaGraduate School of Education, Okayama UniversityKotaroIizukaCenter for Spatial Information Science, The University of TokyoYoshiyaIwasaFaculty of Education, University of Teacher Education FukuokaTakayukiTakahashiInternational Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversityKiyomiHayashiFaculty of Regional Development Studies, Kanazawa UniversityTsuyoshiHattanjiInstitute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTakashiOguchiCenter for Spatial Information Science, The University of TokyoThe 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake (Mw 7.5) caused extensive damage in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, and surrounding areas, with considerable coastal uplift and tsunami flooding. Past 100 years’ records show no earthquake above Mw 7.0 in the Noto Peninsula, so for everyone alive today, this event is truly without precedent. Therefore, we aimed to support disaster prevention education by developing teaching materials using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on digitally archived topographic changes. High-definition topographic data collected from multiple UAV surveys were processed into digital and analog formats, including 3D models, spherical panorama images, and 3D printings. These materials were designed to provide detailed and intuitive representations of post-disaster landforms and were used as educational tools in schools. The learning materials were introduced during a workshop for disaster-affected teachers, featuring hands-on activities to help participants familiarize themselves with the materials, and explore their integration into geography and science classes. Feedback from participants indicated that these tools were highly effective in enhancing classroom learning. The results of this study are expected to contribute to preserving disaster records while enhancing disaster awareness in educational settings and local communities.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.WileyActa Medica Okayama0020-75946042025When Confidence in Institutions Backfires: Power‐Distance Orientation Moderates the Relationship Between Institutional Trust and Civic Honesty Across Eight Countriese70059ENSilvanaD'OttoneSchool of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileGiovanni A.TravaglinoInstitute for the Study of Power, Crime and Society, Department of Law and Criminology, Royal Holloway University of LondonPascalBurgmerSchool of Psychology, University of SouthamptonIsabellaGiammussoDepartment of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of PalermoHirotakaImadaInstitute for the Study of Power, Crime and Society, Department of Law and Criminology, Royal Holloway University of LondonYanhuiMaoInstitute of Applied Psychology, Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityAlbertoMirisolaDepartment of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of PalermoChankiMoonInstitute for the Study of Power, Crime and Society, Department of Law and Criminology, Royal Holloway University of LondonKengoNawataFaculty of Humanities, Fukuoka UniversityMikiOzekiFaculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Okayama UniversityConfidence in institutions is a key predictor of civic honesty, yet evidence shows that this relationship varies across contexts and individuals. This study examined whether power-distance orientation (PDO)—the extent to which individuals accept hierarchical power relations—moderates this association. High-PDO individuals tend to view institutional authorities as entitled to privilege, inclined to engage in patronage relationships and potentially corrupt. We hypothesised that for individuals high in PDO, confidence in institutions could backfire and be linked to the rejection of civic honesty. Using data from 2088 participants across eight countries, we found support for this hypothesis. Specifically, the positive link between institutional confidence and civic honesty was reversed among those who strongly endorse PDO. These findings suggest that individual-level variation in the link between confidence in institutions and civic honesty partly reflects broader beliefs about authorities. We discuss implications of this interaction and outline directions for future research.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.International Institute of Anticancer ResearchActa Medica Okayama0250-70054532025Angiogenin-induced Osteoclastogenesis Mediates Bone Destruction in Oral Squamous Carcinoma10251033ENKASUMIAOKIDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNANAYOSHITANIDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityNAITOKURIODepartment of Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityNORIEYOSHIOKADepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityJUMPEITERAMACHIDepartment of Oral Function and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityMIKAIKEGAMEDepartment of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityHIROHIKOOKAMURADepartment of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversitySOICHIROIBARAGIDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityBackground/Aim: Bone destruction caused by oral cancer severely impacts patient quality of life. This study aimed to clarify the role of angiogenin (ANG) in osteoclastogenesis and oral cancer-induced bone destruction.<br>
Materials and Methods: Recombinant ANG was used to assess its effects on osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity in bone marrow cultures. ANG-knockdown oral squamous carcinoma HSC-2 cells (ANG-RNAi) were transplanted into intramedullary cavities of femurs. Bone destruction was radiologically analyzed, while angiogenesis and osteoclast induction in the surrounding area of the transplanted lesion were histologically examined.<br>
Results: Recombinant ANG promoted osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity. Transplantation of ANG-RNAi cells significantly reduced tumor growth and bone destruction properties compared to transplantation of control cells. Histological analysis revealed lower angiogenesis and fewer osteoclast induction in the ANG-RNAi cells-transplanted group.<br>
Conclusion: ANG mediates oral cancer-induced bone destruction by promoting osteoclast formation and resorption. These findings suggest that ANG could be a potential therapeutic target for suppressing tumor growth, angiogenesis, and bone destruction in oral cancer therapy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.S. Karger AGActa Medica Okayama1015-97702025Asymptomatic intracranial vascular lesions and cognitive function in a general population of Japanese men: Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis (SESSA)ENTakahiroItoDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical ScienceAkiraFujiyoshiDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical ScienceTakayoshiOhkuboDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of MedicineAkihikoShiinoMolecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceSatoshiShitaraDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical ScienceNaokoMiyagawaDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of MedicineSayukiToriiDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical ScienceTakashiHisamatsuDepartment of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHiroyoshiSegawaDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical ScienceKeikoKondoDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical ScienceAyaKadotaDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical ScienceIkuoTooyamaMolecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical ScienceYoshiyukiWatanabeDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical ScienceKazumichiYoshidaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical ScienceKazuhikoNozakiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical ScienceKatsuyukiMiuraDepartment of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical ScienceThe SESSA Research GroupIntroduction: Intracranial subclinical vessel diseases are considered important indicators of cognitive impairment. However, a comprehensive assessment of various types of vessel disease, particularly in Asian populations, is lacking. We aimed to compare multiple types of intracranial vessel disease in association with cognitive function among a community-based Japanese male population. Methods: The Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis (SESSA) randomly recruited and examined a community-based cohort of Japanese men from Shiga, Japan. We analyzed those who underwent the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) assessment and cranial magnetic resonance imaging/angiogram (MRI/MRA) in 2010–2015. Using MRI/MRA, we assessed lacunar infarction, microbleeds, periventricular hyperintensity (PVH), deep subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH), and intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS). We divided these subclinical cerebrovascular diseases (SCDs) into three categories according to severity. Using linear regression, we calculated the CASI score according to the grade of each vessel disease, adjusted for age and years of education. Results: In the adjusted models, CASI scores were significantly associated with both PVH and DSWMH. Specifically, multivariable-adjusted CASI scores declined across increasing severity categories of DSWMH (91.7, 91.2, and 90.4; p for trend = 0.011) and PVH (91.5, 90.4, and 89.7; p for trend = 0.006). Other SCDs did not show significant associations. In stratified analyses based on the presence or absence of each SCD, both DSWMH and PVH demonstrated significant inverse trends with CASI scores in the absence of lacunar infarcts and microbleeds and in the presence of ICAS. Additionally, among participants with PVH (+), ≥moderate ICAS was significantly associated with lower CASI scores. Conclusion: PVH and DSWMH showed significant dose-response relationships with cognitive function among community-based Japanese men. These findings suggest that white matter lesions may be an important indicator of early cognitive impairment, and severe ICAS may also play a role in those with PVH.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Oxford University Press (OUP)Acta Medica Okayama1439-75952025Recommendations for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with oligoarthritis or polyarthritis from the 2024 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis including juvenile idiopathic arthritis with oligoarthritis or polyarthritis – secondary publicationroaf042ENTakakoMiyamaeDepartment of Pediatric Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University HospitalNamiOkamotoDepartment of Pediatrics, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyYuzaburoInoueDepartment of General Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityTomohiroKubotaDepartment of Pediatrics, Kagoshima Prefectural Satsunan HospitalTakasukeEbatoDepartment of Pediatrics, Kitasato UniversityHitoshiIrabuDepartment of Pediatrics and Development Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityHidetoKamedaDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho UniversityYukoKanekoDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineHiroshiKuboDepartment of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKanakoMitsunagaDepartment of Allergy and Rheumatology, Chiba Children's HospitalMasaakiMoriDepartment of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityAyakoNakajimaCenter for Rheumatic Diseases, Mie University HospitalKenichiNishimuraDepartment of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineNaoakiOhkuboIizuka HospitalTomomiSatoClinical Education Center For Physicians, Shiga University of Medical ScienceYukoSugitaDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySatoshiTakanashiDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTakayukiTanakaDepartment of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Otsu HospitalHiroakiUmebayashiDepartment of Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Miyagi Children’s HospitalMasatoYashiroDepartment of Pediatrics, Okayama University HospitalShingoYamanishiDepartment of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical SchoolMieFusamaHealth Sciences Department of Nursing, Kansai University of International StudiesShintaroHirataDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University HospitalMitsumasaKishimotoDepartment of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kyorin University School of MedicineMasatakaKohnoInflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineMasayoKojimaGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City UniversityToshihisaKojimaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical CenterAkioMorinobuDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityTakahikoSugiharaDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of MedicineEiichiTanakaDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityNobuyukiYajimaDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of MedicineRyoYanaiDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of MedicineYutakaKawahitoInflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineMasayoshiHarigaiDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityObjectives: To conduct systematic reviews (SRs) and develop clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for managing juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with oligoarthritis or polyarthritis.<br>
Methods: The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology was employed to carry out SRs and formulate the CPGs. An expert panel, including patients, paediatric and nonpaediatric rheumatologists, guideline specialists, and patient representatives, used the Delphi method to discuss and agree on the recommendations.<br>
Results: Six clinical questions (CQs) on the efficacy and safety of medical treatments were evaluated. These included CQ1 on methotrexate (MTX), CQ2 on non-MTX conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, CQ3 on glucocorticoids, CQ4 on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, CQ5 on interleukin-6 inhibitors, and CQ6 on Janus kinase inhibitors. Two randomized controlled trials were identified for CQ1, three for CQ2, two for CQ3, eight for CQ4, two for CQ5, and two for CQ6. Based on these evaluations, three strong and three conditional recommendations were established. The CPGs have been endorsed by the Japan College of Rheumatology and the Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan.<br>
Conclusions: The SRs provided the necessary evidence to develop the CPGs, which are intended to guide not only paediatric but also nonpaediatric rheumatologists, caregivers, patients, and their families in treatment decision-making.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Izmir Akademi DernegiActa Medica Okayama2792-0232522025Metaverse Support Groups for LGBTQ+ Youth: An Observational Study on Safety, Self-Expression, and Early Intervention156167ENJoeHaseiOkayama UniversityYosukeMatsumotoDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHirokiKawaiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYukoOkahisaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesManabuTakakiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesToshifumiOzakiScience of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceu-tical Sciences, Okayama UniversityThis study explored whether metaverse-based support groups could address social isolation and suicide risks among LGBTQ+ youths by providing enhanced anonymity, avatar-based self-expression, and improved accessibility. Over one year, 53 individuals aged 14–23 participated in regular online sessions facilitated via the "cluster" metaverse platform by a non-profit LGBTQ+ organization. Each 90-minute session included voice and text-based interactions within a specially designed single-floor virtual space featuring conversation areas and a designated "safe area" for emotional regulation. Post-session questionnaires (5-point Likert scales) captured demographics, avatar preferences, self-confidence, and perceived safety, self-expression, and accessibility; responses were analyzed with Pearson's chi-squared test and Mann–Whitney U tests (α=0.05). Results indicated that 79.2% of participants selected avatars aligned with their gender identity, reporting high satisfaction (mean = 4.10/5) and minimal discomfort (mean = 1.79/5). Social confidence was significantly higher in the metaverse compared with real-world settings (p<0.001), particularly among those with lower real-world confidence, who exhibited an average gain of 2.08 points. Approximately half of all first-time participants were aged 16 years or younger, which suggested the platform’s value for early intervention. Additionally, the metaverse environment was rated significantly higher in safety/privacy (3.94/5), self-expression (4.02/5), and accessibility (4.21/5) compared with the real-world baseline, and 73.6% reported they felt more accepted virtually. However, some participants who had high confidence offline experienced mild adaptation challenges (mean decrease of 0.58 points), which highlighted that metaverse-based support may be more effective as a complement to in-person services rather than a replacement. Overall, these findings demonstrate that metaverse-based support groups can reduce psychological barriers for LGBTQ+ youth by facilitating safe and affirming virtual environments. The metaverse may help alleviate emotional distress and prevent further severe outcomes, such as suicidal ideation by providing early intervention, especially for adolescents unable to access conventional in-person services. Further research should examine its integration with existing clinical, community, and educational resources to ensure comprehensive, long-term support.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japan Surgical SocietyActa Medica Okayama2198-77931112025Obese Patient with Gastric Diverticulum Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Guided by Preoperative Endoscopic Measurement: A Case Report and Literature Reviewcr.25-0141ENKensukeHirosunaCenter for Graduate Medical Education, Okayama University HospitalHajimeKashimaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesRyoheiShojiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesYukiMatsumiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesYoshihikoKakiuchiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesSatoruKikuchiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesShinjiKurodaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesFuminoriTeraishiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesShunsukeKagawaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesToshiyoshiFujiwaraDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesINTRODUCTION: Gastric diverticulum is a rare condition, often asymptomatic and incidentally detected. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a widely performed bariatric procedure, but a gastric diverticulum complicates surgical planning. In this case, careful preoperative assessment allowed safe execution of LSG despite the diverticulum’s proximity to the esophagogastric junction.<br>
CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old woman (BMI: 46.8 kg/m2) with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance was referred for bariatric surgery after unsuccessful weight loss with conservative management. Preoperative endoscopy revealed an 18 × 14 mm gastric diverticulum on the posterior wall of the gastric fundus, 40 mm from the esophagogastric junction. LSG was performed using a surgical stapler, ensuring complete diverticulum resection while preserving gastric tube integrity. The surgery was uneventful, with minimal blood loss and a duration of 2 hours and 52 minutes. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on day 9. Her BMI decreased to 39.3 kg/m2 at the 1-year follow-up, with improved metabolic parameters.<br>
CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of thorough preoperative evaluation when performing LSG in patients with gastric diverticulum. Accurate endoscopic measurement of the diverticulum’s location aids in determining the optimal resection line, ensuring surgical safety and efficacy. Surgeons should remain vigilant when encountering such anatomical variations to optimize outcomes in bariatric surgery.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Springer Science and Business Media LLCActa Medica Okayama1435-245141012024An effective surgical educational system in the era of robotic surgery: “Double-Surgeon Technique” in robotic gastrectomy for minimally invasive surgery20ENYoshihikoKakiuchiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShinjiKurodaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesYusukeYoshidaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesNobuhikoKanayaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesHajimeKashimaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesSatoruKikuchiDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesShunsukeKagawaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesToshiyoshiFujiwaraDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesPurpose Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major malignancy. Robotic gastrectomy (RG) has gained popularity due to various advantages. Despite those advantages, many hospitals lack the necessary equipment for RG and are still performing laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) due to its established minimal invasiveness and safety.<br>
Methods This study assessed the effectiveness of the “Double-Surgeon Technique” (DST) for improving surgical education and proficiency with LG. The DST involves both a console-side surgeon and a patient-side surgeon working actively in RG, enhancing the skill acquisition needed for LG and potentially reducing surgical time. Assessment of this method was performed by surgical time, and cases were divided into three groups: first half (Phase 1: P1) and second half (P2) before the introduction of DST, and after the introduction of DST (P3).<br>
Results Two surgical trainees were trained using the DST. The learning curve in both reached a plateau in P2, but descended again in P3. For one trainee, surgical time for P3 was significantly reduced compared to P1 (p = 0.001) and P2 (p = 0.0027) despite the intervals between laparoscopic distal gastrectomy as the main surgeon in P3 being significantly longer than in P2 (p = 0.0094). Other surgical results in both trainees did not differ significantly. Further, no difference in induction phase results of RG were evident between surgeons and trainees with or without DST experience.<br>
Conclusion Surgical education using the DST could be effective in the current context of the need for RG and LG.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231892025裏表紙・英文目次ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231892025奥付ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231892025高校通級実践校における教育支援体制の整備過程と実践課題 ─オートエスノグラフィーによる学校事例の検討─123132ENFutoshiMORIWadayama School for students with special needsMunehisaYOSHITOSHIOkayama University10.18926/bgeou/69243 本研究の目的は，通級による指導の運用に伴う教育支援体制の整備過程に焦点をあて，必要とされた取組とその対応策を学校事例に基づいて明らかにすることである。第一に必要とされた取組は，①個別の教育支援計画を活用可能にする体制，②合理的配慮の運用手続き，③特別支援教育委員会を活用する体制，④支援の必要な生徒の進路決定過程，⑤支援の引継ぎのための体制であった。第二に教育支援体制の整備を進めるにあたり，各部署への対応策として５点が効果的だということが示された。通級による指導を円滑に運用するには，教育支援体制の整備を進めること，その際に既存の体制を活用したり，各部署の取組に組み込んだり，各部署の業務との違いを明確化したり，場合によっては校内組織を混乱させないように教育支援体制を修正したりするなど，既存の各部署の体制への対応策を検討することの重要性が示唆された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231892025岡山大学教育学部家政教育講座における教育実践力向上にむけた新カリキュラム初等家庭科指導法基礎および内容基礎の実践と評価 ―2024 年度指導法基礎受講学生を対象としたアンケート調査の分析を通して―111122ENChiharuMORIFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityMiyukiHISANARIFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityKyoung WonLEEFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityYokoSHINOHARAFaculty of Education，Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69242 これまで，岡山大学教育学部家政教育講座では，家庭科教員養成のコア・カリキュラムを設定し，家庭科のねらい・原理を達成できる実践的指導力の育成を行ってきた。本稿では，新カリキュラム1 年次開講科目である「初等家庭科内容基礎」と「初等家庭科指導法基礎」の二つの授業の実践について，その成果と課題を整理し，今後に向けての示唆を得ることを目的とした。学生のアンケート調査結果より，指導法基礎は，シラバスに記載した授業概要や到達目標に示した内容の理解を促すことができたと考えられた。また，本授業の成果は，内容基礎の学修成果と併せて，小学校家庭科の意義，中学校以降の学習との繋がりに対する理解を深めることができたと推察された。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231892025創造性・STEAM 教育を基にしたCreative Educator 育成プログラムに関する基礎研究 ―感創研究所での取り組みを通した仮説の生成―101110ENAiMATSUURAFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityYoshihikoINADAFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityTetsuoKIYOTAFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityYoshiakiTUTUMIKushiro School of Voluntary Education, Hokkaido University of Education Late CourseChandeSONOsaka University of Education Tennoji Junior High School10.18926/bgeou/69241 本論の目的は，校種や専門教科を限定せず，授業の「おもしろさ」を多角的に検討しあう教員研修(以降，「おもしろい」研修会と表記)を通して，創造性の育成を目指す授業の要素に関する仮説を導き出すことである。なお，ここで述べる「おもしろい」とは，これまでの経験やそれに伴う新しい視点，視座が加わることでシェマを同化・調整できる状況をさす。そこで，本論では筆者らが属する岡山大学大学院教育学研究科附属国際創造性・STEAM 教育開発センター(以下，CRE-Lab.と表記)のこれまでの研究と，「おもしろい」研修会に参加した教員へのアンケート結果に基づき，創造性の育成を目指す授業の要素となるキーワードを選定した。その結果，創造性の育成を目指す授業の要素として「想定外」，「場づくり」，「可視化」と，「チャレンジ」が必要であるという仮説を立てた。今後の調査研究では，四つの要素の仮説としての妥当性を検討していく。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231892025論争問題学習における「当事者性」を保障する授業設計 ―地理歴史科「歴史総合」小単元「紛争鉱物から考える私たちの社会」の開発を事例として―87100ENToshinoriKUWABARAFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityMichikoKAMITADepartment of Primary Education, Faculty of Education, Okayama University of Science10.18926/bgeou/69240 社会問題についての熟議や意思決定，合意形成には当事者性が必要である。当事者性がなければ，皆が納得する答え，すなわち公共善を構築することはできない。しかし，当事者性を強調することがかえって生徒の「思考停止」を導くという批判もあり，当事者性を保障する以前に、当事者性そのものの概念を再考する必要がある。
そこで，本研究では，「思考停止」に至らない当事者性とはどのようなものか，先行研究をもとに再定義を行う。その定義を踏まえて、学習者に「当事者性」を保障する授業構成のあり方を考察し，地理歴史科「歴史総合」の小単元「紛争鉱物から考えるグローバル社会」の開発を行う。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231892025大学院生が自らの造形行為を省察する事例研究 ─保育者としての学びをつくるオートエスノグラフィー─7585ENShuyaOHIRAFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversitySayakaSEGIRIOkayama University Graduate School of Education Master's CourseKyogoKURIHARAMenoto childcare centerMihoAOEOkayama University Graduate School of Education Master's CourseAkikoTSURUMIOkayama University Kindergarten10.18926/bgeou/69239 本研究では，造形行為と，その造形行為の記録を振り返ることによって「自己省察」する学びの過程をオートエスノグラフィーとし，保育者を目指す大学院生である第3 筆者，及び現職の保育者の大学院生である第2 筆者と第4 筆者にもたらしたオートエスノグラフィーの学びの作用を検討した。第1 筆者，第2 筆者，第3 筆者，第4 筆者が協働した造形行為では，個々の造形物が自ずと繋がり合い1 つになっていく過程がビデオ記録された。また，造形行為の過程で見たり，感じたり，気付いたりしたことと，ビデオ記録を振り返ることで見たり，感じたり，気付いたりしたことの差異を学びとして第2 筆者，第3 筆者，第4 筆者が「自己省察」した。この「自己省察」は，保育者にとっての新たな視点を導き出す契機となり,保育における省察の在り方とも深く共通する点で，保育者養成にて経験する意義がある。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231892025二分脊椎症の病態理解に基づく教育現場での支援6774ENIoriOHMORI (KAWASAKI)Faculty of Education，Okayama UniversityMitsukoYAMANAKAOkayama prefectural Okayama east special needs school10.18926/bgeou/69238 二分脊椎症のある子どもは、症状の個人差が大きく、肢体不自由特別支援学校だけでなく普通学級にも多く在籍している。本研究の目的は，二分脊椎症の病態に基づき、教育現場での支援の在り方について、先行研究の知見をまとめ、教育上の課題をあきらかにすることである。<br>
二分脊椎症には、下肢の運動障害と感覚障害、排泄障害に加え、水頭症をはじめとした様々な合併症があることから、運動面、生活面、認知面において適切な支援を要する。さらに、思春期以降になると、脊髄係留による疼痛の出現や、歩行能力の低下に注意する必要がある。神経因性膀胱による排尿障害を合併する場合は、清潔間欠導尿を行う。学校生活を楽しいと肯定的に捉えていた子どもたちのほとんどは、清潔間欠導尿を介助無しあるいは一部の介助のみで排尿することができていた。このことから、担任は、身体的、認知的な支援と配慮に加え、多職種と密な連携を取りながら清潔間欠自己導尿を目指した自立活動の指導を進めることと、良好な友人関係を築くための支援を行うことが重要と思われた。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学大学院教育学研究科Acta Medica Okayama1883-24231892025性暴力を根絶するための性教育を問う5766ENIoriOHMORI (KAWASAKI)Faculty of Education，Okayama UniversityAyanoKOMATSUFaculty of Education，Okayama UniversityChihiroTAKADAFaculty of Education，Okayama University10.18926/bgeou/69237 性暴力は、被害者の心身の健康状態に長年にわたって重大な悪影響を及ぼすことが知られている。本研究の目的は、日本における性暴力の実態を文献・資料によって調査し、性暴力を根絶するために求められる性教育を提議することである。内閣府が実施したアンケート調査によると、言葉による性暴力被害は17.8％ 、同意のない性交等の被害は4.1％と報告されていた。被害を受けた場所は学校（ 22.5%）が最多であり、加害者との関係は、「通っていた（いる）学校・大学の関係者（教職員、先輩、同級生、クラブ活動の指導者など）」（ 36.0%）が最も多く、被害者の半数以上は誰にも相談していなかった。これらのデータは、学校においてこそ、性暴力を根絶するための性教育を実施すべきであることを物語っている。しかしながら、学習指導要領に「性的同意」に関する指導は含まれておらず、教科書の記述も極めて限定的であった。性暴力のない社会を実現するためには、幼少期から絵本等を用いた教育やロールプレイを通じた実践的学習が望まれる。No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.