result 3070 件
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41790 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_025_4_315_331.pdf |
| Author | Tanigawa, Yasuhiko| |
| Abstract | Constructing IMRSs from asset market data has an advantage, that is we need not rely on troublesome consumption data. When we observe a subset of the market, however, there are two problems. First, the constructed IMRSs may not price the other assets. Second, we may also end up insufficient number of factors. These two difficulties lead to mis-pricing of APT. We find an IMRS constructed from only stock market data does not price the Government long-maturity bonds. Using both the stock returns and the one-month Treasury bill returns, this mispricing disappears. We also find that five factors extracted from both the stock returns and the Treasury bill return satisfies the condition for APT implied by the Euler equation. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1994-03-10 |
| Volume | volume25 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 315 |
| End Page | 331 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129738 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41640 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_028_3_087_093.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| |
| Abstract | In this note, an abstract setting for discussing comparative statics in the large is presented to give a necessary and sufficient condition for the first Hicksian law to hold. This condition is gradually tranformed to the one through which we are able to see clearly the power of a theorem due to Gale and Nikaido. This theorem has been overlooked probably because it apparently does not involve the two systems to be compared. Moreover the condition for the theorem to be valid also guarantees the uniqueness of a solution to the equation systems under consideration. Some comments are also given to a recent contribution by T. Shiomura. His method of proof is based upon an advanced homotopy approach for fixed point algorithm. One important consequence of his results is that imperfect stability is enough to establish the first Hicksian law in general equilibrium models. This may, however, be shown using elementary calculus. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-12-05 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 87 |
| End Page | 93 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129843 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41626 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Labour-values of Joint Products in the Analysis of Unequal Exchange ofEmbodied Labour |
| FullText URL | oer_028_2_127_142.pdf |
| Author | Wada, Yutaka| |
| Abstract | According to the standard version ofthe labour theory of value, labourvalue of a product is defined as the social average of the amounts of labour embodied in the homogeneous products on the supposition that the scale of the production is appropriate to the social demand for the products. In case of joint products, the amount of labour directly and indirectly necessary for their production needs to be divided among individual joint products before calculating the average. In the labour division, the composition of demands for heterogeneous joint products must be considered because it will be different from the composition of the products which is fundamentally determined by the technical relations of production. The labour division among joint products, therefore; is understandable through two logical phases. First, without any consideration for the gap between demand and production peculiar to joint products, the amount of labour necessary for production is divided equally among categories of homogeneous joint products. Second, the division of necessary labour is modified by the consideration for the gap. The labour divided into unsold products is divided again among other joint products sold in higher proportions to production because the former are the useless by-products of the latter. The amount of labour commanded by each joint product may be further deviated from the average of its embodied labour after the modification. Labour-values of joint products should include the part of deviations which reflects the reduction of the gap at the markets. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1996-08-28 |
| Volume | volume28 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 127 |
| End Page | 142 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129837 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41604 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Promoting Research Activities and Management Reform in Universities : An Approach from Policy Sciences |
| FullText URL | oer_029_4_001_028.pdf |
| Author | Yamamoto, Kiyoshi| |
| Abstract | Many commentators have insisted without empirical evidence that the heterogeneity of fuculty members promotes the research activities in universities. We have to examine whether or not this assertion would be valid and which element of heterogeneity may contribute to promoting research outputs. This article investigates the relationship between heterogeneity in educational background and research performance, then examines how the Science Research Grant has been allocated to faculties in economics. The result shows that the more heterogeneous faculty members are, the more the research outputs increase. The analysis also indicates that the research performance has been little considered in making decision for adoption while it has made significant effect on the amount of grant for the adopted subject. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-03-15 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 28 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129909 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41600 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_029_3_079_085.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| |
| Abstract | This note is to provide a bridge between traditional local analysis for comparative statics and its global counterpart. Many economists vaguely believe that it is possible to obtain a global result by applying consecutively a series of local results. This belief is not well founded in models where parameters enter in a not-so-simple way. An example is given to show that local analysis is after all local. In the proof of the first main theorem, a consecutive use of a well known local result is employed. Some necessary assumptions are explicitly stated. Then this theorem is applied to establish another main theorem in which a simple repetitive application of local analysis may break down because some required properties cease to hold. This two-stage approach seems to be useful in tackling with other types of equations. As an application of our theorems, a general equilibrium model with Hicksian imperfect stability is taken up. A comparative statics result due to Hicks is extended to the case of global changes. An interesting point to note is that when dealing with global comparative statics, the old system plays no explicit role. Only the new system matters together with the new and old equilibrium values. Understanding this point is important when we come to consider such real situations as involve technical changes in which new processes as well as new commodities turn up. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-12-10 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 79 |
| End Page | 85 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129908 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41584 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Sentiments of Chinese Over-Stayers toward Japan |
| FullText URL | oer_029_1_001_022.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| Fukada, Hiromi| |
| Abstract | As of May 1, 1996, there are more than 8,400 over-stayers from the visa status "college student", and there are also about 19,900 from the visa status "pre--college student". Chinese occupy 77.4% and 83.8% among them respectively. This means that Chinese students have a stronger tendency than those from the other countries to choose illegal stay in Japan after their student visas have expired. In the present study, we would like to clarify the features of Chinese over-stayers who were once students in Japan by making comparisons with the sentiments toward Japan of Chinese ex-students working in Japan, of college students, of vocational school students and of Japanese language school students. This paper reveals the following interesting facts. They have less satisfaction with their life in Japan and have less friendly feelings toward the Japanese society than Chinese workers and college students have. As a result, only 17.4% of them want to stay longer in Japan, while 65.2% wish to live in the U.S.A or other free countries and districts. Their financial conditions can also explain the above result. Their conditions are better than those oflanguage school students, but are worse than those of workers. Smaller income than their expectation might induce them to give up their illegal over-stay in Japan. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1997-06-05 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 22 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129871 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41579 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_030_4_451_459.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| Nishimura, Joji| |
| Abstract | In this note we consider a simple model of a service sector. In this service sector there are two types of shops, each offering distinct services at differential prices with fixed cost possibly being also unequal. When the decrease of customers is experienced by one of these two types, not both, then having less profits, those shops belonging to the damaged type can shift to the other type, thus alleviating losses on the whole. This can also mitigate the effect on tax revenue. The typical sector which the authors have in mind is that of pubs and restaurants where two types are the 'first-rate (more expensive with more services)' and the 'popular' class. Based on this model, we conduct an elementary comparative statics analysis. Most results are natural consequences, which can be inferred without using equations. And yet we supply proofs based upon equations and inequalities. Our main result is that with migration between two groups, the sector may incur less loss against the decrease in customers, especially that in the first-rate class. This means the effect on tax revenue is also milder with shiftability. Our model in this note is quite restrictive because the size of customers is exogenously given and does not respond to price differentials. Moreover in the analysis of comparative statics, the number of shops is fixed with no entry and no bankruptcy. These constraints should be removed in a more general framework. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 451 |
| End Page | 459 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129987 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41575 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | 'City Position of Importance in the Age of Honsyu-Shikoku Three Big Bridges : II |
| FullText URL | oer_030_4_333_388.pdf |
| Author | Nakamura, Ryohei| |
| Abstract | More than ten year ago Seto-Ohashi was constructed, last April Akashi-Kaikyo-Ohashi was completed, and this May Onomichi-Imabari route is going to be provided as the third road connecting Honsyu with Shikoku area. At the end of this century, as a result, Seto-uchi area has three main routes which would improve interregional mobility. Progress of traffic infrastructure could change city's economic position. On one side, some cities may growth by improving interregional accessibility. On the other side, however, some cities may lose their economic status due to so called 'straw effects'. This paper consists of two parts; the former part is focussed on recent regional economic changes and statistical analyses on city position of importance, the latter part is empirical investigation based on the results of questionnaire about city positions of importance. Regional recent changes mean office location and relocation as a firms' regional evaluations. In statistical analyses I propose a new indicator ofcity's relative economic importance. Questionnaire has been conducted for branch offices of major four cities in Seto-uchi area. Through questionnaire several evaluations of individual cities by corporate firms are clarified. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 333 |
| End Page | 388 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129979 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41554 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | City Position of Importance in the Age of Honsyu-Shikoku Three Big Bridges : I |
| FullText URL | oer_030_3_217_246.pdf |
| Author | Nakamura, Ryohei| |
| Abstract | More than ten year ago Seto-Ohashi was constructed, last April Akashi-Kaikyo-Ohashi was completed, and this May Onomichi-Imabari route is going to be provided as the third road connecting Honsyu with Shikoku area. At the end of this century, as a result, Seto-uchi area has three main routes which would improve interregional mobility. Progress of traffic infrastructure could change city's economic position. On one side, some cities may grow by improving interregional accessibility. On the other side, however, some cities may lose their economic status due to so called 'straw effects'. This paper consists of two parts; the former part is focussed on recent regional economic changes and statistical analyses on city position of importance, the latter part is empirical investigation based on the results of questionnaire about city positions of importance. Regional recent changes mean office location and relocation as a firms' regional evaluations. In statistical analyses I propose a new indicator of city's relative economic importance. Questionnaire has been conducted for branch offices of major four cities in Seto-uchi area. Through questionnaire several evaluations of individual cities by corporate firms are clarified. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-03-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 217 |
| End Page | 246 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129957 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41541 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Fluctuations, Risks and Uncertainty in Economics |
| FullText URL | oer_030_2_163_194.pdf |
| Author | Nishigaki, Narunto| |
| Abstract | This note aims at preparing a fundamental framework for our dynamics models taking true uncertainty concept into consideration, and it states the following. First, the rationalities supposed in non-neoclassical economics such as economics of complexity or economics of anomalies are wider sense concepts than that supposed in rational expectation hypothesis.But these schools coincide with each other in the viewpoint of the assumption of stationarity in the economic processes or ergodicity in the stochastic processes. Their main difference just exists between their scopes of stationarity or those of ergodicity. Second, their difference above is not a matter in the face of unpredictable economic shocks, which interrupt stationary states in any sense and should not be in any category of ergodic stochastic processes. Such a shock has a tendency to enlarge uncertainty consciousness in the mental states of the economic units whether another economic shock would come or not in the near future. Increased uncertainty might prevents a person from his rationally expecting, or if we support economics of complexity, we would think that enlarged uncertainty consciousness in human mind might invalidate the several buffers such as inventories, money and credit system, by which economic units deal with some fluctuations in normal ergodic processes. Lastly, however, uncertainty in economics is just a psychological phenomena which we may almost neglect in an ordinary way although it occasionally has serious influences on our economy. Accordingly, we should never regard uncertainty in our models as a universal factor but as a peculiar thing after an economic shock. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1998-09-10 |
| Volume | volume30 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 163 |
| End Page | 194 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000129941 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41504 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Chinese Society Observed through Abbreviations with Numerals - from BANYUETAN in 1999 - |
| FullText URL | oer_031_3_173_194.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| |
| Abstract | Abbreviations involving numerals occupy only 10 to 20% of all abbreviated words. This is why no preceding studies focused on abbreviations with numerals have been made. A series of studies by Oka, Oka [1998a, 1998b, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c, 1999d], already revealed their features. In this study, I will clarify, through abbreviations with numerals, the phase of Chinese society in 1999. When President Lee Teng-hui expressed his opinion on China in his book published in May, 1999 that China should be divided into seven states, Beijing got angry and started to attack his "qi kuai lun" or "sevenstate theory". In July President Lee also made public his provocative theory that the relationships between Taiwan and Mainland are "state-to-state". This again invited rage among the leaders of China, because they believe that. Taiwan is indivisible part of China's territory. Beijing severely criticizes Lee's idea as "liang guo lun" or a "two-state theory". A newly created abbreviation, "san bian" (three at the same time) for example, shows us that corner-cutting and sloppy construction is prevailing all over the country. An increasing number of lay-off workers from state enterprises became a great social problem, and many retraining service centers have been opened, and they offer "yi san yi" (one-three-one) services to help jobless people get employed with new skills. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-12-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 173 |
| End Page | 194 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695984 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41467 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Income Distribution and Tax Reforms in Aging Japan |
| FullText URL | oer_032_2_059_098.pdf |
| Author | Okamoto, Akira| |
| Abstract | This paper examines the effects of changes in the variance of income distribution on both capital accumulation and social welfare in Japan, the society with an aging population. To analyze the problem, we adopt a simulation approach for an extended life-cycle general equilibrium model of overlapping generations with continuous income distribution. The simulation results indicate that the changes in the variance affect economic variables under a progressive tax scheme but they do not under a proportional tax scheme. The results also show that social welfare greatly increases as the variance shrinks. Therefore, the recent shift in Japan, where the taxation system has tended in effect to become flat, may cause a significant damage to social welfare. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-09-10 |
| Volume | volume32 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 59 |
| End Page | 98 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130063 |
| Author | Nishi, Emiko| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1959-11-20 |
| Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume71 |
| Issue | issue12-1 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/41327 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 64_6_407.pdf |
| Author | Ogata, Sho| Horio, Takuya| Sugiura, Yoshiaki| Shimazaki, Hideyuki| Saito, Hiroki| Aiko, Satoshi| Nakanishi, Kuniaki| Kawai, Toshiaki| |
| Abstract | Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous inflammation of unknown etiology, and seems to involve the liver parenchyma in most cases. However, sarcoidosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma is rare. We report here a case in which a hepatocellular carcinoma occurred within the liver, which was probably involved as a result of systemic sarcoidosis. A 57-year-old Japanese man had been followed up for 2 years because of diabetic nephropathy and sarcoidosis. On admission for pneumonia, imaging studies revealed an unexpected hepatic tumor. Histology revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by T-lymphocytic infiltration and marked granulomatous inflammation, which was surrounding some tumor nodules. The background liver parenchyma exhibited a moderate degree of fibrosis with granulomatous inflammation. The patient had no other apparent liver disease such as viral hepatitis, steatohepatitis, or primary biliary cirrhosis. Therefore, in the present case, sarcoidosis may be considered the probable background etiology for hepatocarcinogenesis. |
| Keywords | granuloma hepatocellular carcinoma lymphocytic infiltration sarcoidosis |
| Amo Type | Case Report |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2010-12 |
| Volume | volume64 |
| Issue | issue6 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 407 |
| End Page | 410 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 21173811 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000285664200008 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/41324 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 64_6_385.pdf |
| Author | Miyatake, Nobuyuki| Moriyasu, Hideyuki| Sakano, Noriko| Tada, Shinya| Suzue, Takeshi| Hirao, Tomohiro| |
| Abstract | The link between changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cigarette smoking was evaluated in Japanese male workers with a 5-year follow-up. We examined the data of 456 Japanese male workers, aged 22-70 years, who were taking no medications, and from this group, 286 men (43.5±8.2 years) were followed for 5-years. Habits of cigarette smoking were obtained during interviews by well-trained staff. The influence of cigarette smoking on eGFR was evaluated. In the first analysis, there was no significant difference in eGFR between subjects with and without cigarette smoking. In the second analysis, eGFR was significantly reduced after 5 years in all subjects. Changes in eGFR in subjects with cigarette smoking (－1.90±12.31ml/min/1.73m2) were significantly smaller than those in subjects without cigarette smoking (－4.97±12.05ml/min/1.73m2). At follow-up, we found that eGFR was weakly and negatively correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked (/day). The present study indicated that cigarette smoking may be an important modifiable factor for eGFR in Japanese male workers who are not taking any medications. |
| Keywords | cigarette smoking estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) male worker |
| Amo Type | Original Article |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2010-12 |
| Volume | volume64 |
| Issue | issue6 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 385 |
| End Page | 390 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 21173808 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000285664200005 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/41322 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 64_6_367.pdf |
| Author | Tantular, Indah S.| Matsuoka, Hiroyuki| Kasahara, Yuichi| Pusarawati, Suhintam| Kanbe, Toshio| Tuda, Josef S. B.| Kido, Yasutoshi| Dachlan, Yoes P.| Kawamoto, Fumihiko| |
| Abstract | We conducted a field survey of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenese (G6PD) deficiency in the eastern Indonesian islands, and analyzed G6PD variants molecularly. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in 5 ethnic groups (Manggarai, Bajawa, Nage-Keo, Larantuka, and Palue) on the Flores and Palue Islands was lower than that of another native group, Sikka, or a nonnative group, Riung. Molecular analysis of G6PD variants indicated that 19 cases in Sikka had a frequency distribution of G6PD variants similar to those in our previous studies, while 8 cases in Riung had a different frequency distribution of G6PD variants. On the other hand, from field surveys in another 8 ethnic groups (Timorese, Sumbanese, Savunese, Kendari, Buton, Muna, Minahasa, and Sangirese) on the islands of West Timor, Sumba, Sulawesi, Muna and Bangka, a total of 49 deficient cases were detected. Thirty-nine of these 49 cases had G6PD Vanua Lava (383T＞C) of Melanesian origin. In our previous studies, many cases of G6PD Vanua Lava were found on other eastern Indonesian islands. Taken together, these findings may indicate that G6PD Vanua Lava is the most common variant in eastern Indonesian populations, except for Sikka. |
| Keywords | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency rapid G6PD test eastern Indonesian population molecular analysis G6PD Vanua Lava |
| Amo Type | Original Article |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2010-12 |
| Volume | volume64 |
| Issue | issue6 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 367 |
| End Page | 373 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 21173806 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000285664200003 |
| Author | Fujioka, Yukio| Fukui, Tetsuya| Kobayashi, Toshiyuki| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1959-10-30 |
| Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume71 |
| Issue | issue11-2 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| Author | Tokiya, Tatsuo| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1959-10-30 |
| Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume71 |
| Issue | issue11-2 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| Author | Murashima, Fusao| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1959-10-30 |
| Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume71 |
| Issue | issue11-2 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| Author | Izumi, Masaaki| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1959-09-20 |
| Publication Title | 岡山医学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume71 |
| Issue | issue10-1 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
