result 24389 件
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/49295 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | “ 神（Shen）” in the Zhu Xi Philosophy |
| FullText URL | bhe_008_123_142.pdf |
| Author | Sun, Luyi| |
| Abstract | 本稿では、朱子鬼神論の、「在天の鬼神」と「在人の鬼神」及び「祭祀の鬼神」という三 つの内容について考察し検討を加えて、朱子のいう鬼神・神とは何かを探究する。 「在天の鬼神」では、鬼神に、自然現象と気の作用・働きとの二つの意味を与えつつ気の 作用・働きとする方向に収斂している。神も気の作用・働きであるが、鬼神は可視的な痕 跡を残すのに対して、神は痕跡を残さない。神は、生気・生意とされているが、物を生ず る過程または無くす過程のその両過程のどちらにおいても作用するものだから、気の聚と 散の両運動を支える力と推察される。 「在人の鬼神」では、鬼神は魂魄と言い換えられている。魂魄は、ある特定の事象を指し ていう語よりもむしろ二項対立または相対する事項を示す概念である。魂は、呼吸する気、 身体の動き、「思慮・計画」などの心の働き、などの諸義を併せ持つのであるが、これに対 して、魄には、躯体血肉、耳や目などの器官の働き、「記憶・弁別」などの心の働き、など の諸義が与えられている。魄は、体内に内在する身体活動の源としての力、つまり生命力 をも意味する。魂魄、神、精神は同義の概念とされている。 「祭祀の鬼神」では、鬼神は主に天地山川の神霊や先祖の霊魂などを指して言うものであ るが、祭祀論においては、特に人が死んで散じた気つまり散じた魂魄を指して言うもので ある。祭祀は、子孫が、祭りを行い、誠敬を尽くして、先祖の既に散じた気、つまり散じ た魂と魄を招き寄せて結合させる行為である。この魂魄は、神であって気の作用・働きで あるが、また「気の精英」と称される凝固しても形質を形成しない極めて清らかな気でもある。 |
| Keywords | 鬼神 神 魂魄 精神 造化 生気 気の精英 気 理 形而上 |
| Publication Title | 大学教育研究紀要 |
| Published Date | 2012-12-31 |
| Volume | volume8 |
| Start Page | 123 |
| End Page | 142 |
| ISSN | 1881-5952 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232352 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/49294 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | An Evaluation Way for Assessing Speaking and Writing Abilities With Commonly Based Evaluation Items |
| FullText URL | bhe_008_103_122.pdf |
| Author | Sakai, Mineo| |
| Abstract | This paper shows the reflections, based on Relevance Theory and consumers’ point of view, on two important elements such as Evaluation Items and Criteria for Grading Levels, to evaluate especially international students’ speaking and writing proficiencies among Japanese language learners. Concerning the speaking, grounding on Relevance Theory and consumers’ point of view,（1）we found out Evaluation Items to assess the speaking proficiency, and（2）we showed Criteria for Grading Levels based on these Evaluation Items. Concerning the writing, grounding on Evaluation Items of speaking（, 3） we picked up Evaluation Items of writing, and（4）we proposed Criteria for Grading Levels of writing through Evaluation Items of writing. Consequently, this work could let us propose commonly based Evaluation Items of speaking and writing more coherently and comprehensively generalized way. |
| Keywords | プレースメント・テスト 話す・書く 関連性理論 評価項目 レベル判定基準 |
| Publication Title | 大学教育研究紀要 |
| Published Date | 2012-12-31 |
| Volume | volume8 |
| Start Page | 103 |
| End Page | 122 |
| ISSN | 1881-5952 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232351 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/49293 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Student Exchange Program with University of Shanghai for Science and Technology - Present and Future |
| FullText URL | bhe_008_081_102.pdf |
| Author | Kaji, Toshiyuki| Sakai, Mineo| |
| Abstract | 岡山大学と上海理工大学との交流の一環として、相互に研修生を派遣する語学文化研修 プログラムが始まって二年になろうとしている。独自に築きあげた日本語教授法を中心に 本プログラムを紹介し、今後の展望についても論ずる。 |
| Keywords | 交流プロジェクト 日本語能力 コースデザイン プロジェクトワーク 短期語学文化研修 |
| Publication Title | 大学教育研究紀要 |
| Published Date | 2012-12-31 |
| Volume | volume8 |
| Start Page | 81 |
| End Page | 102 |
| ISSN | 1881-5952 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232350 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/49292 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Another thought on “No worst, there is none” |
| FullText URL | bhe_008_073_080.pdf |
| Author | Ogino, Masaru| |
| Abstract | 本論では、19世紀イギリス詩人のジェラード・マンリー・ホプキンズの晩年の作品“No worst, there is none”の表現方法について分析する。ホプキンズは、20歳の頃イギリス国教 会からカトリックに改宗し、さらにイエズス会に入会した。カトリックとして神への深い 信仰を持っていたホプキンズは、晩年苦悩に満ちた人生を迎えることになる。本論では、そ の苦悩がこの詩の中でどのように表現されているかを分析する。シェークスピアの『リア 王』からの影響、「心の中の山」という心象風景、音声やリズムを工夫した表現などに特に 注意を払いながら、この詩の特徴を捉えてゆく。最後に、この詩の中の「私」とは誰のこ とか、について考察する。 |
| Keywords | ジェラード・マンリー・ホプキンズ ブライト・ソネッツ ダーク・ソネッツ イエズス会 ウィリアム・シェークスピア |
| Publication Title | 大学教育研究紀要 |
| Published Date | 2012-12-31 |
| Volume | volume8 |
| Start Page | 73 |
| End Page | 80 |
| ISSN | 1881-5952 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232349 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/49291 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | What Do Learners Expect to Study in Intermediate-level Japanese Language Class?: A Survey in a Higher Education Institution |
| FullText URL | bhe_008_061_072.pdf |
| Author | Uchimaru, Yukako| |
| Abstract | 本稿は，アンケート調査を通じて高等教育機関で学ぶ学習者の中級レベルに対する学習 ニーズを明らかにすることを目的とする。アンケート調査結果は４点にまとめられる。（１） 教科書の説明および内容：初級に比べ評価が低くなる。母語による解説が望まれている。 （２）学習項目：アカデミックな日本語，日常生活での日本語の両方に対するニーズがある。 会話学習への要望が最も多く，次いで文法・文型，語彙が同数だった。（３）教え方に対 する要望：①既習表現と比較しながら説明する。②文型・表現は共通する意味・用法でま とめて効率的に教える。③文型・語彙の硬さ・柔らかさの区別を示す。（４）教室活動に 対する要望：短い会話練習，作文，ゲーム要素を取り入れた練習も増やす。 |
| Keywords | 中級プログラム 学習ニーズ 学習項目 教え方 教室活動 |
| Publication Title | 大学教育研究紀要 |
| Published Date | 2012-12-31 |
| Volume | volume8 |
| Start Page | 61 |
| End Page | 72 |
| ISSN | 1881-5952 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232348 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/49290 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Notes sur les problèmes de traduction et d’interprétation d’«Hérodiade/Scène»（2） |
| FullText URL | bhe_008_039_060.pdf |
| Author | Ueda, Kazuhiro| |
| Abstract | マラルメの詩「エロディアード／舞台」について、2010年刊行の日本語版『マラルメ全 集』で新訳が出たのを機に、日本、欧米を問わずその数多い翻訳を調査したところ、それ ら翻訳のあいだに原詩の解釈をめぐって若干の見のがせない相違点があることが判明した。 本稿ではまず問題の所在をあきらかにしたうえで、上記相違点を検討し、あらためて筆者 自身の解釈を提示する。 |
| Keywords | マラルメ エロディアード 「舞台」 『マラルメ全集』 翻訳と解釈 |
| Publication Title | 大学教育研究紀要 |
| Published Date | 2012-12-31 |
| Volume | volume8 |
| Start Page | 39 |
| End Page | 60 |
| ISSN | 1881-5952 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232347 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/49288 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Problems Related to EPOK Students from Partner Universities: From the Records of an International Student Advisor’s Office |
| FullText URL | bhe_008_011_028.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| |
| Abstract | The EPOK （English Program Okayama） exchange program officially started in April, 1999 after a one-year trial. By the end of the 2011 academic year Okayama University had accepted 199 students in total from partner universities. Since October, 1999, the author has been keeping records of EPOK students’ problems brought into the International Student Advisor’s Office by EPOK coordinators. In this paper, 57 cases of problems will be introduced and examined as the author believes that there is a need for the university to clarify the problems encountered by EPOK students over the past twelve years in order to promote globalization. |
| Publication Title | 大学教育研究紀要 |
| Published Date | 2012-12-31 |
| Volume | volume8 |
| Start Page | 11 |
| End Page | 28 |
| ISSN | 1881-5952 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232345 |
| Author | 岡山大学国際センター| 岡山大学教育開発センター| 岡山大学言語教育センター| 岡山大学キャリア開発センター| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 2012-12-31 |
| Publication Title | 大学教育研究紀要 |
| Volume | volume8 |
| Content Type | Others |
| Author | 大原農業研究所種藝部| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1927-12-10 |
| Publication Title | 農学研究 |
| Volume | volume11 |
| Content Type | Departmental Bulletin Paper |
| Author | 近藤 萬太郞| 藤本 隅太| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1927-04-23 |
| Publication Title | 農学研究 |
| Volume | volume10 |
| Content Type | Departmental Bulletin Paper |
| Title Alternative | Santi Romano, L'ordinamento giuridico (3) |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | olj_062_3_532_501.pdf |
| Author | Iguchi, F.| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大學法學會雜誌 |
| Published Date | 2013-02-28 |
| Volume | volume62 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 532 |
| End Page | 501 |
| ISSN | 0386-3050 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232343 |
| Title Alternative | The Evolution of Higher Education Policies in Japan: From the Era of the GHQ through the 1970s (2) |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | olj_062_3_592_533.pdf |
| Author | Tani, S.| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大學法學會雜誌 |
| Published Date | 2013-02-28 |
| Volume | volume62 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 592 |
| End Page | 533 |
| ISSN | 0386-3050 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232341 |
| FullText URL | olj_062_3_620_593.pdf |
|---|---|
| Author | Omori, H.| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大學法學會雜誌 |
| Published Date | 2013-02-28 |
| Volume | volume62 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 620 |
| End Page | 593 |
| ISSN | 0386-3050 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120005232340 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/49259 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 67_1_65.pdf |
| Author | Sakata, Kenichiro| Furumatsu, Takayuki| Abe, Nobuhiro| Miyazawa, Shinichi| Sakoma, Yoshimasa| Ozaki, Toshifumi| |
| Abstract | Bone marrow-stimulating techniques such as microfracture and subchondral drilling are valuable treatments for full-thickness cartilage defects. However, marrow stimulation-derived reparative tissues are not histologically well-documented in human osteoarthritis. We retrospectively investigated cartilage repairs after marrow stimulation for the treatment of large cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees. Tissues were obtained from patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after arthroscopic marrow stimulation in medial compartmental osteoarthritis. Clinical findings and cartilage repair were assessed. Sections of medial femoral condyles were histologically investigated by safranin O staining and anti-type II collagen antibody. Marrow stimulation decreased the knee pain in the short term. However, varus leg alignment gradually progressed, and TKA conversions were required. The grade of cartilage repair was not improved. Marrow stimulations resulted in insufficient cartilage regeneration on medial femoral condyles. Safranin O-stained proteoglycans and type II collagen were observed in the deep zone of marrow-stimulated holes. This study demonstrated that marrow stimulation resulted in failed cartilage repair for the treatment of large cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees. Our results suggest that arthroscopic marrow stimulation might not improve clinical symptoms for the long term in patients suffering large osteoarthritic cartilage defects. |
| Keywords | bone marrow stimulation microfracture subchondral drilling osteoarthritis of the knee cartilage repair |
| Amo Type | Case Report |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2013-02 |
| Volume | volume67 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 65 |
| End Page | 74 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | CopyrightⒸ 2013 by Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 23439511 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000316829900009 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/49257 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 67_1_55.pdf |
| Author | Shimo, Tsuyoshi| Nishiyama, Akiyoshi| Jinno, Tokiari| Sasaki, Akira| |
| Abstract | In this article, we report the successful surgical treatment of a patient, 34 years of age, who had a severe gummy smile and a class II malocclusion. The patient had an 11-mm gingival exposure during full smile and a convex profile. A LeFort I osteotomy combined with a horseshoe osteotomy was used for the superior repositioning of the maxilla;then, an intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) and genioplasty were performed for mandibular advancement. The maxilla was acceptably impacted 8mm at the first incisor and 5mm at the first molar. Both the occlusion and facial appearance were significantly improved by this surgical-orthodontic treatment. Our results suggest that the combination of a horseshoe osteotomy with a LeFort I osteotomy is a useful technique for reliable superior repositioning of the maxilla. |
| Keywords | LeFort I osteotomy horseshoe osteotomy gummy smile |
| Amo Type | Case Report |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2013-02 |
| Volume | volume67 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 55 |
| End Page | 60 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | CopyrightⒸ 2013 by Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 23439509 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000316829900007 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/49256 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 67_1_45.pdf |
| Author | Hashizume, Hiroaki| Sato, Ken| Yamazaki, Yuichi| Horiguchi, Norio| Kakizaki, Satoru| Mori, Masatomo| |
| Abstract | In patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the prevalence of cirrhosis is higher among women than men, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops mainly in the cirrhotic stage among women. However, the long-term outcomes in female patients with NASH have not been fully elucidated, and age, gender and BMI were not simultaneously adjusted in previous studies on the prognosis of NASH. To elucidate the outcomes in female patients with NASH, we prospectively compared NASH patients with advanced fibrosis (advanced NASH) with hepatitis C virus-related advanced fibrosis (advanced CHC) patients and NASH patients with mild fibrosis (mild NASH) using study cohorts that were adjusted for body mass index (BMI) in addition to age. The median follow-up period was 92.5 months. Liver-related complication-free survival was significantly reduced in the advanced NASH group compared to the mild NASH group. No liver-related complications developed in the mild NASH group. The overall survival, liver-related complication- and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease-free survival were not significantly different between the advanced NASH and CHC groups. Female patients with NASH and advanced fibrosis may have a less favorable prognosis for liver-related complications than the matched cohorts with NASH and mild fibrosis, but may have a similar prognosis to the matched cohorts with CHC. |
| Keywords | nonalcoholic steatohepatitis chronic hepatitis C prognosis female |
| Amo Type | Original Article |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2013-02 |
| Volume | volume67 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 45 |
| End Page | 53 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | CopyrightⒸ 2013 by Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 23439508 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000316829900006 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/49255 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 67_1_35.pdf |
| Author | Watanabe, Masutaka| Arita, Seizaburo| Hashizume, Hiroyuki| Honda, Mitsugi| Nishida, Keiichiro| Ozaki, Toshifumi| |
| Abstract | The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate Akahori's preoperative classification of cubital tunnel syndrome. We analyzed the results for 57 elbows that were treated by a simple decompression procedure from 1997 to 2004. The relationship between each item of Akahori's preoperative classification and clinical stage was investigated based on the parameter distribution. We evaluated Akahori's classification system using multiple regression analysis, and investigated the association between the stage and treatment results. The usefulness of the regression equation was evaluated by analysis of variance of the expected and observed scores. In the parameter distribution, each item of Akahori's classification was mostly associated with the stage, but it was difficult to judge the severity of palsy. In the mathematical evaluation, the most effective item in determining the stage was sensory conduction velocity. It was demonstrated that the established regression equation was highly reliable (R＝0.922). Akahori's preoperative classification can also be used in postoperative classification, and this classification was correlated with postoperative prognosis. Our results indicate that Akahori's preoperative classification is a suitable system. It is reliable, reproducible and well-correlated with the postoperative prognosis. In addition, the established prediction formula is useful to reduce the diagnostic complexity of Akahori's classification. |
| Keywords | cubital tunnel syndrome ulnar nerve Akahoriʼs classification multiple regression analysis |
| Amo Type | Original Article |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2013-02 |
| Volume | volume67 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 35 |
| End Page | 44 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | CopyrightⒸ 2013 by Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 23439507 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000316829900005 |
| Related Url | http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/metadata/50647 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/49254 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 67_1_25.pdf |
| Author | Ika, Katsuhiko| Suzuki, Etsuji| Mitsuhashi, Toshiharu| Takao, Soshi| Doi, Hiroyuki| |
| Abstract | The purpose of this study was to examine the association between shift work and diabetes mellitus by separating shift workers according to the intensity of their shift work (seasonal shift work and continuous shift work). Between May and October 2009, we collected data from annual health checkups and questionnaires at a manufacturing company in Shizuoka, Japan. Questionnaires were returned by 1,601 workers (response rate:96.2%, men/women＝1,314/287). Diabetes mellitus was defined as hemoglobin A1c≥6.5% and fasting blood sugar≥126mg/dl. After exclusions, which included all the women and clerical workers because they did not work in shifts, we analyzed 475 skilled male workers. After adjusting for age, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, and cohabitation status, odds ratios for diabetes mellitus were 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.28-4.81) and 2.10 (95% CI:0.77-5.71) among seasonal shift workers and continuous shift workers, respectively, compared with non-shift workers. In an age-stratified analysis (＜45 years vs.≥45 years), the association between continuous shift work and diabetes mellitus was more pronounced among older participants. Compared with non-shift workers, the risk of diabetes mellitus was increased among continuous shift workers, whereas its effect is limited among seasonal shift workers. |
| Keywords | cross-sectional study diabetes mellitus intensity Japan shift work |
| Amo Type | Original Article |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2013-02 |
| Volume | volume67 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 25 |
| End Page | 33 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | CopyrightⒸ 2013 by Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 23439506 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000316829900004 |
| Related Url | http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/metadata/50693 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/49253 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 67_1_19.pdf |
| Author | Furukawa, Masashi| Soh, Junichi| Yamamoto, Hiromasa| Ichimura, Kouichi| Shien, Kazuhiko| Maki, Yuho| Muraoka, Takayuki| Tanaka, Norimitsu| Ueno, Tsuyoshi| Asano, Hiroaki| Tsukuda, Kazunori| Toyooka, Shinichi| Miyoshi, Shinichiro| |
| Abstract | Nuclear factor of κ-light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor α (NFKBIA), which is a tumor suppressor gene, was found to be silenced in lung adenocarcinomas. We examined NFKBIA expression, mutations in the EGFR and K-ras genes, and EML4-ALK fusion in 101 resected lung adenocarcinoma samples from never-smokers. NFKBIA expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. NFKBIA expression was negative in 16 of the 101 samples (15.8%). EGFR and K-ras mutations and EML4-ALK fusion were detected in 61 (60.5%), 1 (1.0%), and 2 (2.0%) of the 101 samples, respectively, in a completely mutually exclusive manner. Negative NFKBIA expression was observed significantly more frequently among the tumors with none of the three genetic alterations compared to those with such alterations (p＝0.009). In addition, negative NFKBIA expression was significantly more frequent among the EGFR-wild type samples compared to the EGFR-mutant samples (p＝0.013). In conclusion, NFKBIA expression was silenced in adenocarcinomas without EGFR/K-ras mutations or EML4-ALK fusion, suggesting that the silencing of NFKBIA may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of adenocarcinomas independent of EGFR/K-ras mutations or EML4-ALK fusion. |
| Keywords | never-smoker lung cancer adenocarcinoma nuclear factor of κ-light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor α epidermal growth factor receptor |
| Amo Type | Original Article |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2013-02 |
| Volume | volume67 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 19 |
| End Page | 24 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | CopyrightⒸ 2013 by Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 23439505 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000316829900003 |
| Related Url | http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/metadata/52534 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/AMO/49252 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 67_1_9.pdf |
| Author | Fatmawati, Ni Nengah Dwi| Sakaguchi, Yoshihiko| Suzuki, Tomonori| Oda, Masataka| Shimizu, Kenta| Yamamoto, Yumiko| Sakurai, Jun| Matsushita, Osamu| Oguma, Keiji| |
| Abstract | Clostridium botulinum type C and D strains recently have been found to produce PLC on egg yolk agar plates. To characterize the gene, enzymatic and biological activities of C. botulinum PLCs (Cb-PLCs), the cb-plc genes from 8 strains were sequenced, and 1 representative gene was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein. The enzymatic and hemolytic activities of the recombinant Cb-PLC were measured and compared with those of the Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin. Each of the eight cb-plc genes encoded a 399 amino acid residue protein preceded by a 27 residue signal peptide. The protein consists of 2 domains, the N- and C-domains, and the overall amino acid sequence identity between Cb-PLC and alpha-toxin was greater than 50%, suggesting that Cb-PLC is homologous to the alpha-toxin. The key residues in the N-domain were conserved, whereas those in the C-domain which are important in membrane interaction were different than in the alpha-toxin. As expected, Cb-PLC could hydrolyze egg yolk phospholipid, p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine, and sphingomyelin, and also exhibited hemolytic activity;however, its activities were about 4- to over 200-fold lower than those of alpha-toxin. Although Cb-PLC showed weak enzymatic and biological activities, it is speculated that Cb-PLC might play a role in the pathogenicity of botulism or for bacterial survival. |
| Keywords | botulinum phospholipase C botulinum toxin phospholipase C activity sphingomyelinase activity hemolytic activity |
| Amo Type | Original Article |
| Publication Title | Acta Medica Okayama |
| Published Date | 2013-02 |
| Volume | volume67 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Publisher | Okayama University Medical School |
| Start Page | 9 |
| End Page | 18 |
| ISSN | 0386-300X |
| NCID | AA00508441 |
| Content Type | Journal Article |
| language | English |
| Copyright Holders | CopyrightⒸ 2013 by Okayama University Medical School |
| File Version | publisher |
| Refereed | True |
| PubMed ID | 23439504 |
| Web of Science KeyUT | 000316829900002 |
| Related Url | http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/metadata/49731 |
