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For the purpose to reveal whether or not the liver and the cell organellae are responsible for the abnormal metabolism of polysaccharides found in cancer bearing individuals, the author analyzed the liver and ascites with tumor cells of AH 130 hepatoma bearing rats biochemically with some histochemical observations. A quantitative increase in polysaccharides accompanied by the production of unusual polysaccharides is found in the supernatant of liver from cancer bearing rats, but not from mitochondrial or microsomal fractions. Tumor cells themselves and ascites fluid do not contain the abnormal polysaccharides found in the liver supernatant.

1. The properdin levels in sera from mice bearing Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and from rabbits with Brown-Pearce carcinoma decrease inversely with the increase of the ascites or the tumors. In the incipient period of tumor transplantation, the level rather rises. When the tumor is proliferating or large, the level keeps falling or is low. On the contrary, when the tumor is regressing or disappears, the level elevates or reverts to that before transplantation. Strong A and R III mice with spontaneous mammary cancer have markedly low serum properdin levels as compared with those of healthy mice. 2. The properdin levels are less than 2 units per milliliter of the serum in 44.4 per cent of patients with gastric cancer, in 18.2 per cent of ones with non-malignant tumor and in 18.2 per cent of ones with gastric or duodenal ulcer. The abnormal low level has been found in 33.3 per cent of patients without recurrence, who had undergone extended radical gastrectomy combined with radical lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. 3. Some correlation can be seen between the serum properdin levels and the degree of progress of gastric cancer. 4. The cancer patients with low total serum protein have lower serum properdin levels than those having nomal protein. 5. As for influence of surgical operation on the serum properdin levels, there is observed a tendency that a minor operation causes the levels to increase and a major operation causes the levels to fall. 6. It has been inferred that the properdin system could be one of the host natural resistance against cancer.

1. Properdin assay which is comparatively sensitive and reproducible has been described. The assay may be called a modified method of properdin assay by HUNTER·HILL and McNALL. 2. The properdin assay of serum is possible by using a very small amount of test serum (0.1 ml at the least). The necessary amount of zymosan is very little, the procedure of properdin assay is comparatively simple and it can safely be used clinically. 3. Serum properdin of guinea pig, rat, rabbit and mouse can easily be measured by means of Rp and Ra made from guinea-pig sera. 4. In the properdin assay of human serum, human Rp serum IS preferable to guinea-pig Rp serum. 5. Human Rp serum is always prepared easily from pooled sera of advanced cancer bearing patients. 6. Insulin has not such ability of making Rp and R3 as can replace zymosan. 7. Properdin assay is possible by means of goat's hemolytic system as well as sheep's hemolytic system.

The author studied the distribution of polysaccharides and the amino-acid composition of cytoplasmic organellae, the problems that have come to call a great interest in the field of studies on cancer bearing animals. And also biochemical and electron microscopic observations were carried out to study the influences of cytoplasmic organellae in the cancer cells (AH 130), the livers of cancer bearing animals, and normal liver on the catalase activity of the liver. The results obtained are as follows : Cytoplasmic organellae of various cells do not affect so markedly the hexose metabolism of the liver. As for the amino-acid pattern of cytoplasmic organellae of various cells studied by paperchromatography, it is interesting to note that the pattern of the liver of cancer bearing animals, shows lack in histidine, while in can~er tissue and in the liver of cancer bearing animals an increase in phenylalanine can be observed. The decrease in the liver catalase activity is caused by the primary factor of cancer cells, especially their microsomes, and also by the secondary factor of the liver mitochondria in cancer bearing animals. On the other hand, the mitochondria of cancer cells, instead of reducing the catalase activity in the liver, markedly increases the catalase activity. By the morphological changes observed with light microscope and electron microscope, liver cells revealed marked morphological differences, proving that the microsomes of hepatoma cell induce considerably marked changes in the liver, while the mitochondria of hepatoma cell, on the contrary, induce the hypertrophy of liver cells. Sirriilarly in the electron microscopic observations the mitochondria of mouse liver injected with cancer mitochondria are enlarged, but no destruction of cellular structures such as cristae can be recognized. Also microbodies and the growing process of mitochondria can be observed, but no marked changes in endoplasmic reticulum.

1. Clinical and histological evaluation of so-called chorioepithelioma malignum and hydatidiform mole has been made on the cases treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Hospital during the 20year period friom 1939 to 1958. 2. CC has been confirmed to be a poor risk in the treatment than CA and SE. 3. The two-year cure rate and the five-year cure rate yield an approximate value in each of CC, CA and SE, so that the two-year survival would be an ideal index for determination of the prognosis. 4. It may be pointed out that CC would indicate a tendency of a higher gonadotropin content suggestive of the poor prognosis, provided the disease contain a greater number of La-cells comparing to Sy-cells. 5. Metastasis of CA is not so infrequent as has been formerly believed, and there were two cases, which proved to be a typical SE and had metastasis to the vaginal wall. 6. Concerning the last labor preceding the chorioepithelioma, it has been clarified that the disease occurs more frequently following spontaneous abortion rather than after artificial abortion. 7. It is noted that the mole showing a marked proliferation of the trophoblasts entailed CC. However, in order to evaluate a correlation of the histological findings of the mole with chance occurrence of the subsquent CC, further study on the cases is required.

A photo tube dew-point hygrometer is used for measuring humidity of respiratory gases, which are in varying conditions. It makes it possible to make an accurate, precise, continuous and automatic recording of the dew point of gas flows. The most notable features of this device are: (1) Simplicity of calculating absolute humidity, since the humidity is indicated with dew point. (2) Calibration is easy and reliable. (3) Performance is stable, and its operation and maintenance are simple. (4) Indication is correct and unaffected by temperature. (5) There is good response to any quick changes in humidity. (6) There is continuous and automatic recording of humidity, especially with simultaneous temperature measurements on the same paper. (7) Impurities such as the vapors of organic substances or volatile agents do not affect the performance. Simple wiping can eliminate the disturbance from mirror contamination. (8) The entire apparatus is on a cart and easily movable. This device provides a new method of studying the functional relationship between humidity and various respiratory states, and it is hoped it will contribute much to physiological and clinical investigations. The principle and structure of the "automatic D.P. hygrometer", the apparatus and method for practical hygrometry and obtained results are described and discussed.

With the purpose to elucidate the relation between the enzyme activity and the morphology of mitochondria the author carried out histochemical and biochemical investigations of cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase activities of liver cells obtained at various intervals after the oral administration of CCl4, to male rats. And the data were compared with those reported in the first report. In the normal liver histochemically demonstrable cytochrome c oxidase activity and succinic dehydrogenase activity can be seen in parenchymal cells. In both cases the cells lying in the peripheral area show a more intense activities than those in the central part of liver lobules. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase falls markedly 5 to 6 hours after the CCl4, administration, while the activity of succinic dehydrogenase is retained almost at normal level for about 20 hours. Quantitative estimation of the succinic dehydrogenase activity of tissue homogenate revealed a transient rise in the activity 90 minutes after the CCl4, administration, and thereafter the values have been kept in almost normal level by 20 hours though a gradually fall has been seen in this period with a marked degree at 22nd hour. Taking the changes of minute structure occurring at each stage into consideration, which have been reported in the previous paper, the author concludes that the activity of succinic dehydrogenase is closely correlated with the maintenance of double membraneous structure of mitochondria, but the activity of cytochrome c oxidase is reduced by the swelling of mitochondria.

The excretion of bilirubin and therefore the relief of jaundice is dependent upon at least three factors. First, the bilirubin must be conjugated and thus converted into a water soluble compound: this means its conversion to an ester glucuronide although other conjugates may also be formed. Secondly, there is the problem of the transport of bilirubin through the hepatic cell. A defect in either the up-take of bilirubin or the secretion of conjugated bilirubin may result in jaundice such as is seen in the various types of familial hyperbilirubinemia. Thirdly, there is the possibility of alternative catabolic pathways for bilirubin: this approach to the problem has, however, not yet received the attention of investigators.

The author examined with electron microscope the rod-shaped bacteria obtained from the human mouth, which were peritrichous and Gram stain positive. Observations revaled the granules of 15 mμ-25 mμ in size being arranged neatly and hexagonally in the cell wall. Moreover, these granules were found to detach themselves quite readily by a slight physical process, disclosing the underlying layer. These seemed to show most probably a portion of the fine structure in the cell wall of an unidentified bacterium from the human mouth.

L'auteur donne la description de ses instruments le myotonometre et le myographe servant a mesurer dans des conditions physiologiques sur la base du changement de volume des muscle la capacite de fonctionnement des muscles stries de l'homme et l'animal ainsi qu'a constater l'etat du systeme nerveux des capillaires ou les douleurs abdominales. Le myotonometre enregistre egalsment le tonus (la consistance du tonus).

Depuis que M. le Docteur SZIRMAI a fait connaitre en 1954-55 son invention pharmaceutique, le H.A.H. (Heacrin) et qu'il a expose de la circulation peripherque1, theorie ayant une importance particuliere dans la therapeutique, le traitement par H.A.H. a ete suivie avec un vif interet. La sphere d'indication du medicament a ete essayee dans plusieurs cas pathologiques par l'auteur lui-meme, qui a rendu compte des resultats de ses experiences dans plusieurs publications2,3,4 et conferenceso5. Pour ce qui concerne les details je me permets de renvoyer aux renseignements de la bibliographie respective.

Neomyographic examinations were made by the authors on 28 patients. The extent of reconvalescence was measured on the basis of changes in the values recorded by the myograms taken before and after the treatment.

Every cytologist in biology or medicine knows the so-called "Golgi-Complex", but no cytologist can state exactly the structure and the function of this complex. Nevertheless, in the last six years this" Golgi complex" in about 100 different cells has been seen in the electron microscope. That is the reason I have tried to make a comparative study of these fields. I would like to give a short review of this investigation here, having been kindly invited by Prof. S. SENO.

Attempts were made to identify menstrual blood by means of paper electrophoresis with preparation of extracts of menstrual blood isolated under various conditions and mixed with human fibrin. Also similar analyses were conducted with blood aspirated from the median cubital vein of a woman during menstruation as well as from a man as the control, also with extracts of lochial blood from a woman after normal delivery, and of the blood obtained at arrtificial abortion. Animal fibrins (from rabbit, mouse, steer, and guinea pig) were also used to see the lytic action of the bloods. The following are the results of the present experiments. 1. The identification of menstrual blood by means of paper electrophoresis is a simple method in legal medicine and its electrophorogram is an excellent method to offer an evidence of proof for mentrual blood. 2. By this method it is possible to identify the menstrual bloodstain even after the lapse of time as much as 6 months. 3. It is possible to identify even putrefied menstrual bloodstain. 4. In the case where the material stained with menstrual blood is found in water, it is not possible to identify the menstrual blood by this method. 5. When the menstrual blood is heated at 60°C over 30 minutes, it becomes impossible to identify it by this method. 6. In the case of venous blood during menstruation fibrinolytic product can be detected only on the first day of menstruation, but since it appears only in trace, it is easy to differentiate it from menstrual blood. 7. As for lochial blood the fibrinolytic product can be detected only in the blood obtained on the first and second days of puerperium, but the amount being so slight that it can readily be distinguished from menstrual blood. 8. In the case of the blood obtained at artificial abortion fibrinolytic product appears just as much as in the case of menstrual blood, and thus it is impossible to differentiate it from mentrual blood by this method. 9. As for the use of human fibrin it is best to employ it while it isdresh, but the human fibrin up to 6 days old can be used. However, the older is the human fibrin the lesser the fibrinolytic product detectable. 10. In the case using animal fibrins mixed with the extract of menstrual blood some do produce fibrinolytic product in trace, but since there is a danger of also producing the fibrinolytic product-like substance in venous blood, it is advisable not to use animal fibrins.

On avait execute 160 mesurages des 40 serums des donneurs du sang (20 hommes, 20 femmes). La moitie des mesurages etait faits a l'aide de plasma oxalique, l'autre moitie le servit du substrat constituant plasma sec dilue (7.5 : 200.0). Les resultats des premiers mesurages etaient superieurs aux valeurs des resultats obtenus dans l'autre groupe des recherches. La difference etait causee par une plus forte concentration de la thrombine dans le melange d'incubation et d'inactivation teste contre le plasma sec dilue. Les recherches accessoires ont demontre que les memes concentrations de la thrombine coagulent plus vite le plasma oxalique, que plasma sec dilue, et que pour obtenir la meme valeur du temps de coagulation avec les deux substrats il faut appliquer plus de thrombine pour coaguler plasma sec dilue en reaction controle visant la preparation de la solution-mere et de la solution-modele de la thrombine. On avait constate aussi des differences essentielles en inactivation entre les hommes et les femmes. Chez les hommes les donnees d'inactivation sont superisures que chez les femmes. Ces differences etaient moins accentuees aux premieres, qu'aux les suivantes minutes d'incubation. Ainsi on doit comparer les resultats des examens toujours avec la moyenne du meme sexe, que la personne examinee, et non avec la moyenne des deux sexes.

The human tumor H. Ep. #3 maintained in rats could be transferred for 1-8 generations in treated guinea pigs. H. Ep. #3 grew in the subcutaneous and intramuscular sites in each host at the same time. The treatment with the combination of X-ray 250 r. and 80 mg/kg of cortisone turned out to be the optimal conditioning studied. The number of tumor takes averaged 95.7-100 per cent in the subcutaneous site in guinea pigs treated with optimal conditioning, but in the intramuscular site, the number of tumor takes was 65.2-93.8 per cent. Host mortality varied from 4.2-37.5 per cent in the hosts treated with optimal conditioning. The subcutaneous tumor weights in hosts treated with optimal conditioning averaged 3.3 gm, and their intramuscular tumor weights averaged 5.6-6.2 gm. Tumor weights in hosts treated with only cortisone averaged 1-2 gm in both subcutaneous and intramuscular sites. Histological findings. for the original tumors were found to be the same as that for the successful transplanted tumors in the guinea pigs. The malignancy of the tumor was evaluated by the criteria of anaplasia, invasion, rapidity of growth, and ease of maintenance of transplants. There was no metastasis found in any organs.

Through the use of an automatic photo tube dew-point hygrometer, the author succeeded in measuring dew point of gas flows continuously in anesthetic circuits. Simultaneous thermometries were done on the nasal or oral mucosa, on the respiratory gas flows in the anesthetic mask or the endotracheal tube, and on the gas in the inhaling conduit. Experiments were performed on ten adults patients undergoing various types of surgery under general inhalation anesthesia. Anesthetic technics were varied intentionally during the measurements. Thus, both absolute and relative humidities of exhaled and inhaled gases, and respiratory water and heat losses were calculated under various anesthetic conditions, and physiological and clinical considerations were discussed. The conclusions obtained from this research are as follows: (1) When a non-rebreathing system is applied, moisture content of exhaled gas is minimal, and respiratory losses of both water and heat are maximum. With a semi-closed circle method, according to decreasing fresh gas flows, the humidity of the inspiratory and expiratory gases becomes higher, and both heat and water losses through respiration are lessened. When a closed circle method, with carbon dioxide absorption, is employed, temperature and humidity of gas in the inhaling conduit are highest, and the expired gas offers the maximum temperature and moisture contenL Both water and heat losses from anesthesia become minimal when administered in a closed system. (2) While the water and heat that a patient loses through respiration increase with increasing breathing capacity, they are still small parts of the total water and heat losses of the patient. Water and heat losses via anesthesia systems are not so predominant in maintaining water balance and heat regulation of patients during anesthesia and surgery.

With the purpose to see if GABOB is in any way concerned with the mechanism of the epileptic attack observations were carried on the oxygen consumption of the brain homogenates of rabbits, normal and CLA, and of human, epileptic and non-epileptic. The experiment proved that the oxygen consumption is increased in the epileptic brain and in the brain of CLA rabbit. It was raised by adding ATP-Na salt or DPN, but GABOB itself showed only a slight effect. The results suggested that the oxygen consumption of brain is not so closely correlated with GABOB, but there is a possibility that the decrease in GABOB contents in epileptic brain by the accelerated decomposition with its elevated oxygen consumption may be correlated to the epileptic attack, though the final conclusion requires further observations.

Auf Grund von unserem bisherigen Untersuchungen konnen wir sagen, daB die Gewurze in villa und in vitro am meisten eine Gerinnungsfordemde Wirkung haben.

The biological specificity of GABOB on the blood pressure, respiration and body temperature was observed in dogs. The results show that GABOB has the similar action as GABA on the lowering of blood pressure as shown by subcutaneous, intravenous or intrathecal injection, but loses its action on the respiration. The specificity of GABOB action on the blood pressure is seen in the initiation of the effect at which the transient rise in pressure can be seen, the like of which can never be seen in the case of GABA injection. The lowering mechanism of GABOB on blood pressure should be the central one as the intrathecal injection is most effective comparing with those of intravenous and subcutaneous injection.