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JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41597
Title Alternative The Tasks for Decentralization and Financial Reform - Concerning the Second Report of the Local Decentralization Promoting Committee -
FullText URL oer_029_3_001_029.pdf
Author Sakamoto, Chuji|
Abstract In my last two papers, I have studied some points of issue on local decentralization, concerning the interim report and the first report by the local decentralization promoting committee. In this paper, we investigate on the historical aspects and the present situation of Kikaninin-Jimu (agency delegated functions) in Japan, and then, we study the intergovernmental financial reforms after the abolition of 'Kikaninin-Jimu'. We are discussing the rationalization of special grants, the intensification of local taxes and the reforms of the floting system of local debts, relating to the second report of the local decentralization promoting committee in 1997.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1997-12-10
Volume volume29
Issue issue3
Start Page 1
End Page 29
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129902
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41591
Title Alternative On Mimicking as a Sequential Policy Implementation
FullText URL oer_029_2_001_023.pdf
Author Fujimoto, Toshimi|
Abstract The basic structure and functions of the so-called "mimicking" regime of macroeconomic policy-making are investigated here by using a simple one-instrument (money supply)-and-two-targets (inflation and employment) policy model composed of aggregate Lucas-type supply and ordinary demand functions in such a framework of 2-period sequential equilibrium analysis as Persson and Tabellini used, with a seemingly minor but consequently important change in one of the assumptions Persson and Tabellini posited. The assumption is the one concerned with the tough-type government's trade-off between the two targets, and the change is shown to result in a more economically interpretable criterion by which the weak-type can choose between pooling equilibrium with mimicking and separating one without it.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1997-09-05
Volume volume29
Issue issue2
Start Page 1
End Page 23
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129901
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41590
Title Alternative "Ikken Kuchigaki Utsushi" by Gisuke, 1837 (II)
FullText URL oer_029_1_137_158.pdf
Author Kandatsu, Haruki|
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1997-06-05
Volume volume29
Issue issue1
Start Page 137
End Page 158
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129876
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41589
Title Alternative My Lectures on 'Fconomic History of Japan' in Okayama University
FullText URL oer_029_1_111_136.pdf
Author Kandatsu, Haruki|
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1997-06-05
Volume volume29
Issue issue1
Start Page 111
End Page 136
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129877
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41588
FullText URL oer_029_1_105_110.pdf
Author Fujimoto, Takao|
Abstract The purpose of this note is to present a proposition on a sort of duality relation concerning systems of nonlinear inequalities. A useful theorem due to A.W. Tucker(1956) on duality relations valid for systems of linear inequalities was partially generalized to systems of nonlinear inequalities in Fujimoto(1980), in which a given vector-valued mapping is assumed to be either pseudoconcave or homogeneous of a positive degree. Another partial extension of Tucker's result is made in Fujimoto-Ranade(1995), where the concavity of a given mapping is required. The assumption of concavity seems too strong in a model with externalities and variable returns, and so in this note a weaker assumption of pseudoconcavity is restored with an additional requirement.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1997-06-05
Volume volume29
Issue issue1
Start Page 105
End Page 110
ISSN 0386-3069
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129875
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41587
Title Alternative Some Points of Issue on Decentralization
FullText URL oer_029_1_077_104.pdf
Author Sakamoto, Chuji|
Abstract This paper treats some points of issue on decentralization in governmental fiscal relations of Japan. In my last paper, I studied the interim report of the decentralization promoting committee which was published in March, 1996. On the 20th of December, 1996, the first report of this comittee appeared, and some concrete plans to classifY Kikanininjimu into 'jichi-jimu' and 'h6teijutaku-jimu' were proposed by this committee. In this paper, we investigate whether these plans of classification are proper or not. We also discuss the recent policy of communal unification proposed by a group of citizens, and point out some questions from the viewpoint of local autonomy and of decentralization. We admit the significance of this first report of the committee, and yet we have to emphasize again that the task of decentralization depends heavily on the reform to strengthen communal financial position.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1997-06-05
Volume volume29
Issue issue1
Start Page 77
End Page 104
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129874
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41586
Title Alternative A Comparison of part-time workers between Japan and Germany 1990
FullText URL oer_029_1_047_076.pdf
Author Wakisaka, Akira|
Abstract A comparison of part-time workers between Japan and Germany using comparable data 1990 shows that 1) German female part-time workers have long-tenured, 2) that tenure effect of German part-timers on wage and salaries is great, 3) that pay gap between female full-timers and part-timers in Germany is trivial, 4) that re-entry in labour markets as part-time workers after breaking periods has an adverse impact on their earnings, but the extent of adverse impacts in Germany is less than that of Japan.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1997-06-05
Volume volume29
Issue issue1
Start Page 47
End Page 76
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129873
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41585
Title Alternative The Network Domain and Structure
FullText URL oer_029_1_023_046.pdf
Author Enomoto, Satoru| Moriyama, Mitsuyoshi|
Abstract The network domain which can pursue competitive advantages in business activities is characterized by exclusiveness. This exclusiveness is defined by companies not accepting anyone other than their own company or affiliated companies. The domain is also characterized by differentiation. Its sources of differentiation are subjective, tacit, or unsystematic knowledge which are constructed by the special relationship of the autonomous and voluntary members being linked for a long time. In this paper, it is referred to as network specialized knowledge (NSK). In addition, the primary network can be seen as the autonomous linking of equal term members. However, the network view discussed here is not a static view requiring each member's relationship to be fixed on equal terms in order to be recognized as a network, but is observed as a dynamic view. In the latter case, even if each member's relational base is originally authority, each member's relationship consciously excludes restrictions according to the aspect. If we consider the network from the structure aspect, we can classify two types of structure: decentralized and strategic. The former is that in which authorities are consciously transferred. This type of structure is not outside the existing framework of affiliated companies, related companies, and so on. The latter, however, is outside the existing framework. Even if companies are in competition, they are linked by the need to carry out high level strategies and by the need to create value. They are highly interdependent in regards to managerial resources on equal terms which are not restricted by authority or imbalanced dependence of managerial resources.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1997-06-05
Volume volume29
Issue issue1
Start Page 23
End Page 46
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129872
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41584
Title Alternative Sentiments of Chinese Over-Stayers toward Japan
FullText URL oer_029_1_001_022.pdf
Author Oka, Masumi| Fukada, Hiromi|
Abstract As of May 1, 1996, there are more than 8,400 over-stayers from the visa status "college student", and there are also about 19,900 from the visa status "pre--college student". Chinese occupy 77.4% and 83.8% among them respectively. This means that Chinese students have a stronger tendency than those from the other countries to choose illegal stay in Japan after their student visas have expired. In the present study, we would like to clarify the features of Chinese over-stayers who were once students in Japan by making comparisons with the sentiments toward Japan of Chinese ex-students working in Japan, of college students, of vocational school students and of Japanese language school students. This paper reveals the following interesting facts. They have less satisfaction with their life in Japan and have less friendly feelings toward the Japanese society than Chinese workers and college students have. As a result, only 17.4% of them want to stay longer in Japan, while 65.2% wish to live in the U.S.A or other free countries and districts. Their financial conditions can also explain the above result. Their conditions are better than those oflanguage school students, but are worse than those of workers. Smaller income than their expectation might induce them to give up their illegal over-stay in Japan.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1997-06-05
Volume volume29
Issue issue1
Start Page 1
End Page 22
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129871
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41574
Title Alternative 'We Will Construct Our Assembly Line' (II) : the Case of the Tahara No.1 Plant of Toyota
FullText URL oer_030_4_303_331.pdf
Author Shimizu, Koichi|
Abstract Since the beginning of 1990 s, Toyota has been pursuing a new direction in its human resource management and assembly work. After encountering a labor crisis-labor shortage and high turn over of young workers-during the economic boom provoked by the "financial bubble" toward the end of 1980 s, Toyota's management and Union discussed ways of making the work more attractive. Based on this discussion, the production engineering division developed a new assembly line concept realized firstly at Toyota Kyushu plant (1992), applied also to Toyota's Motomachi No.2 plant (1994), Tahara No.1 plant (1995) and Motomachi No.1 plant (1996). Among these plants, the construction of the assembly line at Tahara No.1 Plant constitutes a unique case in the fact that it was not the production engineering division, but the foremen, supervisors and engineers belonging to the plant who conceived and constructed this new assembly line. Moreover, in order to realize what they considered as their ideal assembly line, they proposed to the product development center an important change of car structure and parts design from the very beginning of product development where the so called "concurrent engineering" has started. The second part of this paper deals with the 'Kaizen' activities in order to realize their "ideal assembly line" after construction. In the concluding section, I emphasize the fact that the 'Kaizen' activities at Toyota are now centered on humanization of work certainly without renouncing efforts towards cost reduction.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue4
Start Page 303
End Page 331
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129978
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41573
Title Alternative Relevance, Reflexibility and Context of the Cost Accounting System : A Viewpoint of Cost Accounting Change
FullText URL oer_030_4_267_302.pdf
Author Watanabe, Takeo|
Abstract We have argued that cost accounting system should be modified in accordance with the purpose for using them and the context. Because no cost accounting system that is relevant in every business or environment exists. Relevant cost accounting system is determined in a particular environment and context. This mode of thought relates directly to proposition which develops to explain the theory of 'cost accounting change'. This paper examines the relationships among the purpose, reflexibility and contexts of cost accounting system. The analysis based on reflexibility theory and some previous studies for activity-based costing and contingency theory indicated that: 1) Actual reflexibility about existing cost accounting was associated with two contextual variables: product diversity and process complexity. 2) A reflexibility required mainly through the purpose for using cost accounting was associated with two contextual variables: competitive strategy and perceived environment uncertainty. Finally, we concluded that the relevance of cost accounting was lost and 'cost accounting change' became necessary when the level of actual reflexibility didn't fit that of required reflexibility.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue4
Start Page 267
End Page 302
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129977
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41571
Title Alternative Actual Meaning ofthe Aggregate Equality and Inequalities in the Transformation Problem
FullText URL oer_030_4_213_237.pdf
Author Wada, Yutaka|
Abstract Three aggregate equalities have been discussed in the transformation problem in Marxian economics: total value =total price of production; total surplus value = total profit; total value product = total revenue. Marx thought that all the aggregate equalities hold simultaneously but nowadays the following three views are opposed to each other: (1) One which denies all the aggregate equalities (2) One which holds anyone ofthe aggregate equalities (3) One which holds any two or three ofthe aggregate equalities. The first and the second views do not need any modification of the definition ofvalue and / or price ofproduction whereas the last view does. The author takes the second view to assume total value = total price of production for the analysis of unequal exchange of embodied labour. The other two aggregate equalities do not hold under the assumption. The author insists that it does not mean the failure of the labour theory of value because the inequality between total surplus value and total profit as well as the inequality between total value product and total revenue indicate the possibility of additional unequal exchanges of embodied labour beyond the redistribution of surplus value among capitals.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue4
Start Page 213
End Page 237
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129975
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41569
Title Alternative On the New Academic Achievements concerning the Historical Studies on the Iron and Steel Industry in Northeast China Attained by T. Matsumoto
FullText URL oer_030_4_167_183.pdf
Author Matsumoto, Toshiro|
Abstract This paper is aimed at summing up T. Matsumoto's recent academic achievements regarding Anshan Iron & Steel Co. in northeast China. The important facts raised therein are as follows. AISC rapidly recovered its facilities in the first half of 1950s. The production level of AISC resumed its maximum prewar level between 1952 to 1954. How was it possible to restore the equipment which had been heavily damaged from the WWII and the Chinese Civil War in such a short period? A marvelous reconstruction of AISC in 'Three Year Reconstruction Period' after 1949 was a result realized by the combination of many factors: (1) exceptional enthusiasm for reconstruction among young Chinese engineers and workers who were sent to Anshan and trained there; (2) the flexible man power policy of Eight Route Army controlling their hostile emotion to the ex-enemies, pursuing the latest and rational know-how, and challenging to create a new steel production technology; (3) availability and cooperation of the Japanese and the ex-Nationalist Chinese engineers; (4) remaining equipments and captured documents; (5) experience and skills ofremaining Chinese workers. With all these five factors combined, AISC dramatically recovered its facility, and restored its prewar level in a few years.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue4
Start Page 167
End Page 183
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129973
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41564
Title Alternative Rethinking the U. S. Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations - Is It Time for the Theory of Fiscal Federalism to Change ? -
FullText URL oer_030_4_001_033.pdf
Author Koizumi, Kazushige|
Abstract The porpose of this paper is to examine the change of U. S. fiscal federalism. During 90-mids, there are signs that the features of American intergovernmental expenditure relations are changing slowly. The signs are the following three. Firstly, AFDC was abolished by welfare reform in 1994. Function of income redistribution partly shifted from central government to state government. Secondly, education financing system, primary local service, has been reformed by legal challenge since the Serrano v. Prest cases in 1976. In many states, the accountability of education financing has shifted from school districs to the state. Thirdly, many states recently have established rainy day (or budget stabilization) funds. While the rainy day funds could be used as a discretionary policy to stabilize the state economy, they are introduced to ease budgetary pressures. The states have become to strengthen a fiscal roll, income redistribution, local public good provision and stabilization, through the three changes. The meaning and causes of the changes can't be explained by the theory offiscal federalism.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue4
Start Page 1
End Page 33
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129968
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41559
FullText URL oer_030_3_345_351.pdf
Author Fujimoto, Takao|
Abstract This note is a sequel to the previous one published in this journal (Vol. 30, No.1). In that article, we used one of mean value theorems to prove the univalence of a nonlinear mapping based on the qualitative regularity ofthe Jacobian matrix. The qualitative regularity is a property of a matrix whose regularity is shown to be valid by using only the sign patterns of mappings involved. In this note, we extend the result into a vector space over an integral domain. The vectors themselves are of n-tuples of elements in the integral domain. This integral domain is totally ordered, and some natural properties are assumed concerning this order. First two lennnata are given, and the first one is in fact a sort of mean value theorem for mappings from a direct product of discrete spaces into a discrete space, and utilizes mathematical induction. The second lemma depends on the fact that theory of matrices and determinants can be constructed also on a ring except for inverse matrix. Finally, our main proposition derives from the very integrity of a given domain. Another merit of the result is that the domain of a mapping need not be convex, and can be even a set oflattice points.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue3
Start Page 345
End Page 351
ISSN 0386-3069
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002696039
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41558
Title Alternative Imari-Porzellan und Frühes Meißner Porzellan (1)
FullText URL oer_030_3_315_343.pdf
Author Matsuo, Nobushige|
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue3
Start Page 315
End Page 343
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129959
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41551
Title Alternative A Survey ofthe Historical Studies in Japan and the World regarding the Iron and Steel Industry in Northeast China during 1940 s-1950 s
FullText URL oer_030_3_163_182.pdf
Author Matsumoto, Toshiro|
Abstract The iron and steel industry in northeast China has been playing an important role both in the Manchukuo period and the Socialist China. The academic achievements of the historical analysis concerning the industry during 1940s and 1950s, however, has not been so rich, because of the following two reasons; (1) lack of historical materials; (2) ideological obstacles against recognizing the rapid economic development under the Manchukuo regime and its aftermath toward the new born China. Many historical resources were lost in the chaos during and just after the WWII. None the less, not negligible amount ofmaterials exist not only in Anshan but in Nanjing, Taipei, Tokyo, Washington, London etc., crossing widely the boundaries of the counties. The iron and steel industry is a key military industry. For this reason, the Communist and the Nationalist had strictly prohibited researchers to use their collections until 1980s. On the other hand, the image on the socialism had for long been simply stereotyped as justice or liberation among the historians in Japan after 1945. Such a situation reflexes the important truth of the history. It has, however, made the research angle of the historians inadequate to recognize the positive aspects of the industry developed by colonial authorities.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue3
Start Page 163
End Page 182
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129952
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41550
Title Alternative 'We Will Construct Our Assembly Line' ( I ) : the Case of the Tahara No.1 Plant of Toyota
FullText URL oer_030_3_125_162.pdf
Author Shimizu, Koichi|
Abstract Since the Beginning of 1990 s, Toyota has been pursuing a new direction in its human resource management and assembly work. After encountering a labor crisis-labor shortage and high turn over of young workers-during the economic boom provoked by the "financial bubble" toward the end of 1980 s, Toyota's management and Union discussed ways of making the work more attractive. Based on this discussion, the production eugineering division developed a new kssembly line concept realized firstly at Toyota Kyushu plant (1992), applied also to Toyota's Motomachi No.2 plant (1994), Tahara No.1 plant (1995) and Motomachi No.1 plant (1996). Among these plants, the construcion of the assembly line at Tahara No. 1 plant constitutes a unique case in the fact that it was not the production engineering division, but the foremen, supervisors and engineers belonging to the plant who conceived and constructed this new assembly line. Moreover, in order to realize what they considered as their ideal assembly line, they proposed to the product development center an important change of car structure and parts design from the very beginning of product development where the so called "concurrent engineering" has started. The first part of this paper explains, and thus why and how they conceived and constructed their own assembly line after presenting this assembly line concept and work orgnaization in this plant.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue3
Start Page 125
End Page 162
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129951
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41545
Title Alternative Structural Changes of Industry and Employment in Japan
FullText URL oer_030_3_001_023.pdf
Author Hashimoto, Yoshizo|
Abstract The Japanese industry is in a huge whirlpool. Various common senses and conventions have been seriously doubted. Nevertheless, Japan cannot yet find any exit. Even if finding it, she has spent only a time in vain without doing any effectives measure, because most of those are conflict with vested interests or conventional practices. In this paper, I will make a positive analysis of changing industry in Japan after the babble boom crash in 1991 by using Firms and Establishments Census Data and others. Then, I will make it clear that the cause of failure to buoy up her economy consists in a fact that shortage of investment opportunities in her economy has been misunderstood simply as shortage of macro effective demand. Then, comparing the structural adjustment in the first half of the 1990s with one in the second half of the 1970s, I will clarify that the most serious weak point of Japanese-styled management, which has virtually excluded rights of shareholders from their decisions, have got revealed as her economy matures. I will also say that improvement of profitability by making employment fluid is not only effective as a counter-policy to the prolonged structural depression in the open economy but also inescapable in the "affiuent" economy driven by the service industry. Lastly, in place of a conclusion, I will remind a brief summary and lessons of the US and the UK policy experiences after the 1970s.
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1999-03-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue3
Start Page 1
End Page 23
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129946
JaLCDOI 10.18926/OER/41542
Title Alternative A Study of an Agricultural Book, "Nōgyō shison yashinaigusa" byYoshitake Tokuyama, 1826 (1)
FullText URL oer_030_2_195_220.pdf
Author Kandatsu, Haruki|
Publication Title 岡山大学経済学会雑誌
Published Date 1998-09-10
Volume volume30
Issue issue2
Start Page 195
End Page 220
ISSN 0386-3069
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 110000129942