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Lentinan inhibited the proliferation of MH-134 ascites hepatoma transplanted subcutaneously. The best result occurred when 1 mg-2 mg/kg of lentinan was administered for 10 consecutive days from the eighth day after tumor transplantation. Tumor proliferation was 33% inhibited as measured by the average tumor diameter. The average survival (days) when chemotherapy with mitomycin-C (MMC), 5-FU and Ara-C in combination with lentinan, was administered concurrently in the second week of the tumor transplantation was 29.2 days as compared to 20.5 days in the untreated group, 25.1 days in the group given lentinan alone, and 22.0 days in the group receiving chemotherapy alone. When lentinan was administered in combination with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the group given lentinan for 5 consecutive days from the third day after tumor transplantation and 30 micrograms LPS i.p. on the thirteenth day, had 70% inhibition of tumor as measured by the average tumor weight. The antitumor activity of lentinan was studied by following changes in macrophage migration inhibition activity (MI). In the untreated group, MI activity disappeared on the 14th day after tumor transplantation. In the group treated with lentinan, spleen cells had positive activity suggesting a restorative action of lentinan on the immune suppression accompanying tumor growth.

Two factors from normal rat liver cytoplasm inhibited the proliferation of cultured L-929 fibroblasts. One was arginase, the other was a small molecular weight inhibitor stable to trypsin and heat treatment. The small molecular weight inhibitor inhibited the protein and DNA synthesis of L-cells. Inhibition of DNA synthesis was thought to be secondary to the inhibition of protein synthesis.

Six established Japanese Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines including one case with null cell type were studied by chromosomal banding techniques. The modal chromosome number was diploid or nearly diploid in five cases and hyperdiploid in one case. The marker chromosome 14q+ was observed in four of the six cases; the origin of the extra band was a chromosome 8 in three including the null cell case but could not be identified in the other. The two cases lacking the 14q+ marker had variant translocations involving the long arm of chromosome 8, one of which carried a translocation, t(8;22) (q24;q13) and the other a translocation, t(2;8) (p12;q24). Although structural and/or numerical aberrations were found in all six cell lines, chromosome 8 was the one most consistently involved. This frequent involvement of chromosome 8 in aberrations; therefore, may be an important event in the development of BL rather than the presence of a 14q+ marker chromosome.

The effects of steroid sex hormones on the established cell lines derived from human urinary bladder cancer, T24, and from human transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract, 253J, were examined using the colony formation method. Of the seven kinds of steroid hormones tested, estradiol-17 beta was intensively cytotoxic for both cells. The cytotoxic effect was depended on the dose and time of treatment. The combined effect of Adriamycin and estradiol-17 beta on T24 cells could be recognized at low concentrations of Adriamycin (less than or equal to 10(-3) micrograms/ml) after exposure for 24 h.

A single withdrawal of blood (about 0.6 ml) from a splenectomized mouse induced extramedullary hemopoiesis in the liver. Twenty days after splenectomy, blood was taken from the retroorbital sinus. Hemopoietic foci in the liver increased in number daily reaching maximum value 6 days after blood withdrawal, then decreased gradually to the initial level with recovery of the hematocrit value and disappearance of reticulocytosis 25 days after blood withdrawal. Hemopoietic foci were pure erythrocytic, granulocytic, megakaryocytic or unclassified, but not mixed. Small unclassified cell foci appeared first, increased in number, followed by the development of erythrocytic, granulocytic and megakaryocytic foci. This suggests that small unclassified cell foci grow to erythrocytic and large granulocytic ones. Most of the liver hemopoietic foci were in the intralobular area. Some were in the portal area; none of these were megakaryocytic. Electron microscopic observation revealed that lymphoid cells having distinct nucleoli migrate into Disse's space through the sinusoidal walls. There they proliferate by cell division to form large foci in the perisinusoidal area. The morphologic characteristics of the lymphoid cell are discussed.

This study investigated the optimal conditions for detection of nucleotides in blood using an IP-1B capillary isotachophoretic apparatus. The system used 10 mM HCl-beta-alanine (pH 4.2) as the leading electrolyte and n-caproic acid as the terminal electrolyte. Direct application of lysed red blood cells was shown to be inaccurate, and a method of deproteinization based on heat in a microwave oven was developed. The zones for 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ATP, inorganic phosphate, and lactate were identified enzymatically by withdrawal of pure samples of each zone via a special withdrawal cell. The quantitative values obtained by isotachophoresis were also confirmed enzymatically. The technique is now available for convenient and accurate identification of these metabolites simultaneously.

Antiserum was produced in white rabbit by intravenously injecting living cells of a B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) line (BALL-1). The reactivity of the antiserum against various lymphoid cell lines was examined by membrane immunofluorescence after appropriate absorption. Serum absorbed with non-T, non-B (NALL-1) and T-ALL (TALL-1) cells recognized B cell antigens distinct from Ia-like antigens on both normal and neoplastic B cells. After further absorption with tonsillar cells or normal B cell line (KO-HL-3), it reacted only with BALL-1 cells and did not react with other leukemia/lymphoma and normal B cell lines. The serum absorbed with tonsillar cells reacted only with BALL-1 and some B cell lines. Thus we were able to obtain antisera with specificity to B cell antigen, B-ALL antigen, and B cell line antigen.

To study autoantibodies against liver cell surface membrane clinically, anti-LP-1 and anti-Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THGP) were determined in the sera of patients with various liver diseases. They were detected by ADCC assay using antigen-coated cells as the target. A high incidence of anti-LP-1 was seen in chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), primary hepatic cancer with cirrhosis (PHC), and primary biliary cirrhosis. The incidence of anti-THGP was also high in CH, LC, and PHC. Both anti-LP-1 and anti-THGP were detected in 2 of 3 patients with lupoid hepatitis. The patients studied here had no obvious evidence of renal tubular acidosis or pyelonephritis. Serum alanine transaminase activity, serum gamma-globulin content, and the presence of rheumatoid factors were not associated significantly with the presence of anti-LP-1 or anti-THGP in chronic liver disease. In 7 cases of CH tested serially during their clinical course, anti-LP-1 and/or anti-THGP tended to appear during acute exacerbations. The demonstration of anti-LP-1 and anti-THGP suggested that their appearance was related to the development of chronic liver disease.

This study used a Shimadzu IP-1B capillary type isotachophoretic apparatus with a potential gradient detector. An ipp-1 withdrawal cell was fitted to this and a technique for withdrawing individual components directly through this port was developed using a microsyringe. The recovery rate was up to 45% for individual target components. When 100% withdrawal of the target component was attempted by withdrawing a volume four times the calculated volume (so that the zones both before and after the target component were also included), the best recovery rate was only 78%. In all cases, the results varied less than 3%. The limit for analysis of individual components of a 0.01 M solution was around 3 microliters. If this volume was exceeded, the ion quantity was too large for the volume of the microcapillary tube and mixed zones formed such that complete separation and analysis of individual components became impossible.

CHBB male rats, 120-150 g in weight, were used both as animals to be sensitized and as donors of homologous islets as antigen. At no time did sensitized animals give a positive reaction for islet-cell antibodies or islet-cell surface bound antibodies at any of the dilutions tested. None of the frozen sections of the pancreas were positive for fluorescence specific for IgG or C3. Marked fibrosis and cell infiltration of pancreatic islets, a high degree of pyknosis of parenchymatous cells of islets, phagocytosis of fragmented islet cell nuclei by histiocytes, and a marked reduction in the number of beta cells were noted.

A specific chromosome translocation, t(8q-; 14q+), was observed in a 43-year-old female with non-African Burkitt's lymphoma in which leukemic conversion had occurred. The chromosome studies used cells from ascites. The ascites was apparently the result of a primary tumor involving the ovaries and contained 68% of lymphoma cells. The frequent occurrence of abnormalities related to chromosomes 1, 8 and 14 in African and non-African Burkitt's lymphomas was emphasized.

As a staging procedure before treatment, examination of bone marrow from the posterior iliac crest was performed on a total of 107 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Among them, 11 patients (10.3%) had metastasis in the bone marrow: five of 39 adenocarcinomas, five of 33 small cell carcinomas, one of four large cell carcinomas, and none of 31 epidermoid carcinomas. Leukoerythroblastosis was found exclusively in the patients with metastasis, although the presence of tumor cells in the bone marrow did not correlate well with peripheral blood cell counts. Survival following an intensive chemotherapy in patients with bone marrow metastasis was substantially longer for those with small cell carcinoma than for those with other histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Cytochalasin B (CB) treatment induces or accelerates the capping phenomenon in some cells. In Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC) CB treatment apparently induced the capping of Con A binding sites as observed under a fluorescent microscope. However, electron microscopic examinations revealed that the CB treatment did not induce a rearrangement of Con A binding sites, but rather it only induced a change in cell shape. On the contrary, CB treatment inhibited the capping phenomenon induced by treatment with Con A. Electron microscopic observations may give exact information on the distribution of lectin binding sites.

Two cases of malignant melanoma arising in the maxillary sinus are reported. Cytological examination of the solution obtained by local washing through the sinus puncture identified numerous melanoma cells together with melanophages. The cases were then scheduled for well-planned, preoperative treatment. The cytological criteria for diagnosing malignant melanoma are outlined, and the cytological approach is stressed as a valuable diagnostic procedure for early detection of malignant tumors and surveillance of postoperative recurrence, especially in paranasal sinuses.

Pretreatment laboratory parameters were analyzed as prognostic factors in patients with small cell lung cancer. Serum lactic dehydrogenase activity, serum albumin concentration, PPD skin reaction, and peripheral lymphocyte count were of prognostic importance. When these factors were evaluated by multivariate analysis together with performance status and disease extent, lactic dehydrogenase and albumin were the most influential factors related to survival.

The applicability and accuracy of isotachophoresis in measuring the concentrations of some of the intermediates of red cell metabolism during blood bank storage in acid-citrate-dextrose preservative was assessed. Preparative treatment consisted of washing with isotonic sucrose solution and centrifugation to remove serum, but white cells and platelets were not separated out from red blood cells. The results for 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ATP, inorganic phosphate and lactate were also confirmed enzymatically. The technique had good reproducibility (variation less than 3%) and was extremely convenient compared to traditional enzyme assays of the same components. It enabled simultaneous measurement of components with concentrations greater than 1 mumole/red blood cell.

A total of 19 cases with bone tumors, including six osteosarcomas. three giant cell tumors of bone, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, four nonossifying fibromas, four chondromas and one chondrosarcoma, were examined as to enzyme histochemistry; the enzymes consisted of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), nonspecific esterase (NSE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nucl) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl). Osteosarcoma was strongly positive for ALPase followed by 5'-Nucl. Giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma showed enzyme histochemistry similar to each other: multinucleated giant cells and round cells in these tumors were strongly positive for ACPase, NSE, ATPase and 5'-Nucl simulating osteoclasts and histiocytes, whereas spindle cells were positive for ATPase and 5'-Nucl in their cytoplasm and weakly positive for ACPase. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma were focally positive for ACPase and NSE; the ACPase was sensitive to tartaric acid treatment. These observations showed that ALPase activity is very characteristic to osteosarcoma, and is useful for its diagnosis. From enzyme histochemistry, giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma can be regarded as a histiocyte-derived tumor of bone in contrast to osteosarcoma and cartilaginous tumors.