In our previous paper [12], we considered the unicity problem of the maximal extension of a given Hilbert algebra, and established the: most fundamental property of a maximal Hilbert algebra ([12; Theorem 2J). We argued also the decomposition of maximal Hilbert algebras with respect to their centres, and, on doing it, we noticed that there exist two different types of them, i.e., the simple ones and the purely non-simple ones. The decomposition theorem to these types was given in [12; Theorem 5J with a sketch of the proof, and we announced that. further arguments concerning the decomposition would be given in some other paper. The chief aim of this paper is to give it. In § 1 a short cut of the known results is given, and § 2 is devoted tothe more detailed exposition of the decomposition of a given Hilbert. algebra into the simple components and the purely non-simple component. A simple Hilbert algebra is one for which the algebras of left and right multiplication constitute a couple of factors in the sense of F. J. Murray and J. von Neumann ([4J), and we are led naturally to make use of their theory. The main problem here is how the dimensionality functional can be expressed by means of the terms of the Hilbert algebra. These are discussed in § 3. The reduction theory of a. purely non-simple Hilbert algebra into simple ones is given in §4. This idea, though here only applied to the separable case, can be applied in the non-separable case. But in the most general case we do not yet succeed in proving simplicity character and that will be a future problem.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OsamuTakenouchi en-aut-sei=Osamu en-aut-mei=Takenouchi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=113 end-page=118 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2006 dt-pub=20061022 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A mechanical intelligence in assisting the navigation by a force feedback steering wheel for a snake rescue robot en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper applies our developed novice users oriented force feedback steering wheel interface and mouse interface to navigating a tank type rescue robot. By analyzing merits and limitation of operating each interface, we propose a combined navigation strategy by the two interfaces. The steering wheel interface consists of a force feedback steering control and a six monitors’ wall. Through this interface, users can navigate the tank robot like driving cars, while watching incoming videos. It provides a daily life operation method for novice users to navigate the tank rescue robot. The steering wheel interface is efficient in exploring open areas. For complex disaster fields, this interface requires users have skillful operation experiences, which take them more attention. The mouse-screen interface consists of a mouse and a camera’s view displayed in a computer screen. Through this interface, users can navigate the tank robot just by mouse clicking. Path planning and low-level controlling are realized by system automatically. The mouse-screen interface can realize exact navigation, especially needed in complex structures, without taking much attention. It gives users more time to care incoming information. The two interfaces can shift into each other at any time. The combined navigation strategy adopts merits of the two interfaces and compensates limitation of each of them. It provides an efficient operation method for novice users to navigate rescue robots.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YangZhixiao en-aut-sei=Yang en-aut-mei=Zhixiao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirotsuneKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Hirotsune en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaijoKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Saijo en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=GofukuAkio en-aut-sei=Gofuku en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsunoFumitoshi en-aut-sei=Matsuno en-aut-mei=Fumitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=Human Interface kn-keyword=Human Interface en-keyword=Mechancial Intelligence kn-keyword=Mechancial Intelligence en-keyword=Navigation kn-keyword=Navigation en-keyword=Force Feedback Steering Wheel kn-keyword=Force Feedback Steering Wheel en-keyword=Rescue Robot kn-keyword=Rescue Robot en-keyword= Snake Robot. kn-keyword= Snake Robot. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=239 end-page=244 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20048 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A combined navigation strategy by a steering en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper applies our developed novice users oriented force feedback steering wheel interface and mouse interface to navigating a tank type rescue robot. By analyzing merits and limitation of operating each interface, we propose a combined navigation strategy by the two interfaces. The steering wheel interface consists of a force feedback steering control and a six monitors’ wall. Through this interface, users can navigate the tank robot like driving cars, while watching incoming videos. It provides a daily life operation method for novice users to navigate the tank rescue robot. The steering wheel interface is efficient in exploring open areas. For complex disaster fields, this interface requires users have skillful operation experiences, which take them more attention. The mouse-screen interface consists of a mouse and a camera’s view displayed in a computer screen. Through this interface, users can navigate the tank robot just by mouse clicking. Path planning and low-level controlling are realized by system automatically. The mouse-screen interface can realize exact navigation, especially needed in complex structures, without taking much attention. It gives users more time to care incoming information. The two interfaces can shift into each other at any time. The combined navigation strategy adopts merits of the two interfaces and compensates limitation of each of them. It provides an efficient operation method for novice users to navigate rescue robots.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YangZhixiao en-aut-sei=Yang en-aut-mei=Zhixiao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaijoKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Saijo en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirotsuneKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Hirotsune en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=GofukuAkio en-aut-sei=Gofuku en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsunoFumitoshi en-aut-sei=Matsuno en-aut-mei=Fumitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=University of Electro-Communications en-keyword=Human Interface; Rescue Robot; Navigation;Force Feedback Steering Wheel; Mouse; Tank Robot. kn-keyword=Human Interface; Rescue Robot; Navigation;Force Feedback Steering Wheel; Mouse; Tank Robot. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=239 end-page=244 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20048 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A combined navigation strategy by a steering wheel and a mouse for a tank rescue robot en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper applies our developed novice users oriented force feedback steering wheel interface and mouse interface to navigating a tank type rescue robot. By analyzing merits and limitation of operating each interface, we propose a combined navigation strategy by the two interfaces. The steering wheel interface consists of a force feedback steering control and a six monitors’ wall. Through this interface, users can navigate the tank robot like driving cars, while watching incoming videos. It provides a daily life operation method for novice users to navigate the tank rescue robot. The steering wheel interface is efficient in exploring open areas. For complex disaster fields, this interface requires users have skillful operation experiences, which take them more attention. The mouse-screen interface consists of a mouse and a camera’s view displayed in a computer screen. Through this interface, users can navigate the tank robot just by mouse clicking. Path planning and low-level controlling are realized by system automatically. The mouse-screen interface can realize exact navigation, especially needed in complex structures, without taking much attention. It gives users more time to care incoming information. The two interfaces can shift into each other at any time. The combined navigation strategy adopts merits of the two interfaces and compensates limitation of each of them. It provides an efficient operation method for novice users to navigate rescue robots.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YangZhixiao en-aut-sei=Yang en-aut-mei=Zhixiao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaijoKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Saijo en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirotsuneKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Hirotsune en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=GofukuAkio en-aut-sei=Gofuku en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsunoFumitoshi en-aut-sei=Matsuno en-aut-mei=Fumitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=University of Electro-Communications en-keyword=Human Interface kn-keyword=Human Interface en-keyword=Rescue Robot kn-keyword=Rescue Robot en-keyword=Navigation kn-keyword=Navigation en-keyword=Force Feedback Steering Wheel kn-keyword=Force Feedback Steering Wheel en-keyword=Mouse kn-keyword=Mouse en-keyword= Tank Robot. kn-keyword= Tank Robot. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=22 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=486 end-page=497 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=20055 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Root-surface gap-formation with RMGIC restorations minimized by reduced P/L ratio of the first increment and delayed polishing en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Objectives
This in vitro study evaluated the effect on interfacial gap-formation around resin-modified glass?ionomer (RMGIC) root surface restorations with (a) variations in powder/liquid ratio (P/L) of the first increment of an incremental procedure, compared with a bulk restoration technique, and (b) delayed versus immediate polishing, to permit maturation.
Methods
Cavity preparations were placed in premolar teeth on upper facial root surfaces. Two RMGICs were studied (Fuji II LC and Vitremer), with their associated conditioner or primer, applied with an incremental technique. The P/L ratio of the first increment was reduced to fractional (normalized) values between 0.2 and 1.0 of the manufacturers' recommended P/L, and the manufacturers' P/L was used for the second increment. Control groups were bulk filled. After polishing, either: (i) immediately after light-activation or (ii) after 24 h storage, the restored teeth were sectioned in a buccolingual direction through the center of the restoration and the presence or absence of marginal gaps was measured at ×1000 magnification at 14 points (each 0.5-mm apart) along the cavity restoration interface; (n=10; total points measured per group=140).
Results
For both RMGICs, significant differences (p<0.05) in gap-incidence were observed between polishing (i) immediately and (ii) after one-day storage. In the former case, 30?70 gaps were found, with or without the incremental technique. In the latter case, only 2?14 gaps were observed. With fluid mixes (normalized P/L ratios between 0.3 and 0.6) for the first increment, gap-formation was greatly reduced, especially with Fuji II LC.
Significance
To minimize gap formation, more fluid mixes could be used especially with Fuji II LC to give improved adaptation to the dentin. Secondly, whenever possible, polishing should be delayed on the final increment to permit maturation and minimize mechanical disruption of both increments.
The present report describes the findings on the infectivity of DNA partially purified from SV-40 which was propagated in the monkey kidney cells (BSC-1) in vitro and the importance of nucleic acids as oncogenic factors, particularly the induction of tumor by DNA in newborn hamsters. 593 newborn hamsters in total were used in the present experiments, and cannibalism among them posed as a serious problem. On 30 days postinoculation, very remarkable changes occurred in the liver, lung and subcutaneous areas. Cellular responses of the perivascular cells were predominant. and they were distributed in the interstitial tissues of the liver (liver cirrhosis in primates) and lung. Three hamsters of those subcutaneously inoculated with nucleic acids developed tumors and two tumors appeared in the subcutaneous tissues on 130 days postinoculation, which were identified to be the ones induced by intact SV-40 virus. Other tumors appeared in the liver, lung, intestinal ducts and abdominal surface at 126 days after subcutaneous injection. The cytological observations revealed multiple hemangiosarcoma combined with proliferation of the perivascular cells. On the other hand, cellular responses to nucleic acids were more marked by inoculation of the cell-free filtrate of BSC-1 infected by DNA than of DNA, and essential histologic findings were similar to the respo.nse to infectious DNA. Thirty-nine hamsters (30 per cent) developed tumor within about 200 days postinoculation of the filtrates. Sarcomas were common and they were confined to the subcutaneous tissues in 35 hamsters and to the peritoneum in two others by subcutaneous inoculation of the filtrates. The intestinal gland-cell carcinomas, however, could be induced at 37 and 59 days postinoculation in two hamsters of one litter (7 newborn hamsters) and in the other three newborn hamsters subcutaneous sarcomas were induced by inoculation of the same agent. These results suggest that the observation on the oncogenic capacity of nucleic acids would give us a clue to resolve the course of cancer from the view point of the infectious nucleic acid.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KimotoTetsuo en-aut-sei=Kimoto en-aut-mei=Tetsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=GraceJames T. en-aut-sei=Grace en-aut-mei=James T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Roswell Park Memorial Institute END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=53 end-page=89 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1966 dt-pub=196604 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Dynamics of rheumatoid joint en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the present communication the recent works done by the Rheumatism Research Group of Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University, are described. The principal findings may briefly be summarized as follows. 1. Pathohistological pictures of the synovial membrane are classified into six types. Among them, Fibrinoid type and Follicular-Fibrosis type are the representative ones of chronic rheumatoid arthritis. 2. For the evaluation of the systemic as well as the local activities in rheumatoid arthritis and for judging the therapeutic effect, some indices have been established. 3. Injection of steroid hormones into the local joints fails to give satisfactory results in advanced, chronic rheumatoid arthritis. In such instances the flushing of the joint with physiological saline solution is effective. 4. In the case of chronic rheumatoid arthritis where the inflammation of hand and phalangeal joints is marked, RA-test gives rapid and more intense reaction, and most of such cases are of Follicular-Fibrosis type. 5. When lymph follicles appearing in the synovial membrane are stained when methyl green pyronine, the arrangement of lymphoid cells and plasma cells becomes distinctly clear. By micro-autoradiographic observations it can be seen that ?H-thymindine injected into the joint cavity is mostly ingested by the lymphoid cells in lymph follicles. 6. In the observation by the fluorescent antibody method multinuclear leucocytes found in the joint fluid and in the peripheral blood react with 19S and 7S-gamma-globulins. 7. When the serum and the joint fluid of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis are fractionated, they separate into three peaks at 19S, 7S, and 4S. Both S. S. C. A.-test and L. F. T. tests reveal the peak at 19S. The serum of chronic hepatitis positive to RA-test and the serum of rheumatoid arthritis are found to react immunologically the same to anti-β2 M globulin sheep serum. 8. When the reticulo-endothelial system of rat is blocked by 900,000 molecules of poly-vinyl-pyrroridon, the ability of antibody production is diminished. 9. Chemical synovectomy of injecting osmic acid is effective to FibrinoidCoating type. Its action mechanism lies in the complete cleaning of the surface of synovial membrane. 10. By radiating synovectomy with 193Au a fairly good result can be expected. 198Au is ingested by those cells in the surface layer of the synovial membrane and also by histiocytes in the synovial membrane. When 5 mc of 198Au are injected into the knee joint, a marked necrosis of the synovial membrane occurs. When 198Au is added to the ascites cells of rabbit during the tissue culture, in the concentration of over 14 μC degeneration of these cells can be recognized. 11. From the examination results of prognosis on those 25 cases with 41 rheumatoid knee joints after surgical synovectomy, it is considered that this method is indicated for Follicular-Fibrosis type. Ones with rheumatoid knee joint of Fibrinoid-Coating type gold sol treatment should be resorted to. In the cases of hand joints, surgical synovectemy is to be recommended at a relatively early stage.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KodamaToshio en-aut-sei=Kodama en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NarasakiKazuyoshi en-aut-sei=Narasaki en-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OginoYasuo en-aut-sei=Ogino en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakatoriMasaaki en-aut-sei=Takatori en-aut-mei=Masaaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkaYoshiki en-aut-sei=Oka en-aut-mei=Yoshiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramatsuHidehiko en-aut-sei=Hiramatsu en-aut-mei=Hidehiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirabaKoichi en-aut-sei=Hiraba en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoSumiki en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Sumiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomitaShoichiro en-aut-sei=Tomita en-aut-mei=Shoichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujiHidenori en-aut-sei=Tsuji en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueHajime en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Hajime kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=SenooTakashi en-aut-sei=Senoo en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoAkinobu en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Akinobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiwaYasuhiko en-aut-sei=Miwa en-aut-mei=Yasuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=15 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=423 end-page=431 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1974 dt-pub=197412 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Studies on the host-mediated action of the streptococcal preparation, OK-432, in cancer chemotherapy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The streptococcal preparation, OK.432, with predominant host-mediated mode of action, was studied. By giving OK-432 to mice intraperitoneally prior to transplantation of Ehrlich carcinoma, a host-mediated action to increase life-span was clearly confirmed. Pretreatment with OK-432 was also effective against the development of Rauscher leukemia. The host-mediated action of OK-432 varied with the interval between its pretreatment and the inoculation of tumor cells. The effect was most marked when the transplant was performed immediatedly after the pretreatment, and became less marked when the transplant was made one week and two weeks after pretreatment. The host-mediated action can be observed even with a single dose of pretreatment, and becomes more potent as pretreatment was given repeatedly. The host-mediated action was weakened by concomitant pretreatment with cyclophosphamide or roentgen irradiation, and the mechanisms of such action was supposed to be associated with the function of the reticulo-endothelial system.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KimuraIkuro en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Ikuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoshiTaisuke en-aut-sei=Onoshi en-aut-mei=Taisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuharaShozo en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeTatsuo en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugiyamaMotoharu en-aut-sei=Sugiyama en-aut-mei=Motoharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=159 end-page=169 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=196009 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Functional differentiation of skeletal muscles en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=According to BUCHTHAL the histogram of duration and voltage from the motor unit of biceps brachii muscles gives only one peak respectively as can be seen in Fig. 14 in his paper which reports the data covering the experiment on 1,268 motor units. However, his histogram seems to be made of the spikes led off from several motor units because the histogram shows no much fluctuations in voltage as 50μV to 1,000μV and in duration as 1 msec to 20 msec. Therefore, if observations are actually based on a single motor unit, two peaks may reasonably be expected on the histogram, because two kinds of the motor units, kinetic (phasic) and tonic, have respective individual characteristics of their own shikes The histological observation shows that many white and red muscle fibers are intermingled with each other even in one single fasciculus, and it is supposed that the fasciculus does not correspond to a single motor unit. Moreover, the shape of the spikes, which was formerly considered as a motor unit, is not a pure diphasic form, but irregular and polyphasic ones, and also electromyographically a single motor unit controls the area of more than 10mm in width (BUCHTHAL). From these facts, it is probable that the histogram by BUCHTHAL was made of the spikes composed of muscle fibers belonging to several different motor units. Our observations done by the above stated method showed clearly the pure diphasic spikes. Therefore, we are of the opinion that these spikes obtained by our method are led off from only one or from a few muscle fibers belonging to the same motor unit. These spikes are lower than 550μV in voltage and shorter than 5.5 msec in duration and every individual spikes show uniform diphasic pattern. There exist two kinds of spike groups, in the histogram one which is composed of high voltage with short duration (1.0-1.5 msec.), and the other of low voltage with long duration (2.0-4.0msec.). The former may be of kinetic (phasic) motor unit and the latter is of tonic motor unit, because the white muscle fibers with a larger diameter may have a higher voltage than the red and the white fibers that perform rapid contraction may show shorter duration in wave form. In the two cases having spinal cord tumors, two kinds of spikes with respective and individual characteristics were observed in the same EMG. These will be two different kinds, kinetic (phasic) and tonic motor units. In the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, two kinds of spikes appeared, but since both of them were of short duration, they might be considered to be of kinetic (phasic) motor unit (or its intermediate motor unit). Furthermore, since its histological findings revealed that the red muscle fibers were all atrophied and degenerated and showd only white muscle fibers to be normal, it is obvious that the kinetic (phasic) motor unit with a shorter duration is derived from white muscle fibers. Therefore, in our opinion the widely accepted concept that spikes including even irregular wave forms all belong to the motor unit seems not to be true, but these spikes seem to represent a combination of several pure spikes though not so many, and those muscle fibers belonging to the same motor unit appear to be intermingling themselves in a relatively wide area. The reason for this contention may be explained as follows. If the muscle fibers belonging to the same motor unit were agglomerated, clearcut diphasic spikes should appear even with a fairly big electrode, and if the accepted concept be true, these spikes can never be picked up at the distance so far apart as 2.0cm. or 2.5cm. (0.5-1.2cm. by BUCHTHAL) as has been possible in our experiments. Furthermore, the histogram composed only of these pure spikes reveals two peaks, and therefore, we believe it is reasonable to say that these two peaks indicate the existence of kinetic (phasic) and tonic motor units. As a small number of motor units located in between these two peaks can be recognized, these are believed to be the muscle fibers possessing an intermediate stainability as revealed in the histological examination. However, further studies are required before giving any definitive conclusion on this point.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=JinnaiDennosuke en-aut-sei=Jinnai en-aut-mei=Dennosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=250 end-page=260 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=196108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Experimental studies on diagnosis of death from drowning by means of detection of vegetative planktons (diatoms) I. Detection of diatoms from the bones of drowned and cremated bodies en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With an intention to establish definitely that detection of diatoms, vegetative plariktons, in the remains of a corpse will offer an unequivocal proof of death from drowning, even in the case where the suspected corpse has been cremated, the author observed organs and bones of 16 healthy adult rabbits which were drowned in a ditch, and burned as a whole with wood fire or incinerated in the electric oven. As the results it was found that diatoms can be detected in the interned organs so long as they remain. Even in the case where the corpse was cremated at high temperature, it is also possible to detect several kinds of diatoms in bones, the femur showing the greatest number followed by the humerus suggesting that long bones are more suitable for the detection of diatoms than any other bones, as they contain more numbers and kinds of diatoms. Thus it is concluded that detection of diatoms in the remains of the corpse suspected of drowning can definitely give an unequivocal evidence that the death is from drowning.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkuyamaMasami en-aut-sei=Okuyama en-aut-mei=Masami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=602 end-page=605 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=19965 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Weight tuning and pattern classification by self organizing map using genetic algorithm en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The paper deals with supervised learning. In many problems, the training data contains only the final judgment information in conjunction with the input data, but in some problems, more information needs to be extracted from the training data. A typical example is a medical diagnosis. The objective of the paper is to give the user internal information contained in the data by using only the binary class-information data. A self organizing map (SOM) is used as the main tool for this purpose. Our method is to tune the weight of the elements of the data so that the data of the same category tend to be mapped in the near points on the SOM, and the separation of different categories can be carried out successfully. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used for the tuning of the weight coefficients. After the learning, we can obtain the feature map, as well as the weight coefficients of the elements that indicate the importance for the categorization for the current data
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FurukawaYasuyuki en-aut-sei=Furukawa en-aut-mei=Yasuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaninoTetsuzo en-aut-sei=Tanino en-aut-mei=Tetsuzo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=genetic algorithms kn-keyword=genetic algorithms en-keyword= learning (artificial intelligence) kn-keyword= learning (artificial intelligence) en-keyword=pattern classification kn-keyword=pattern classification en-keyword=self-organising feature maps kn-keyword=self-organising feature maps en-keyword=tuning kn-keyword=tuning END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=15 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1980 dt-pub=19800325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental study of sulfur isotope exchange between S0(4)(2-) and H(2)S (aqueous) at 400℃ and 1000 bars water pressure kn-title=400℃, 1000気圧の熱水中におけるSO(2-)(4)-H(2)S間のイオウ同位体交換反応の実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Experimental procedures used in this study are the same as those developed by Sakai and Dickson (1978). 0.005 M Na(2)S(2)O(3) solutions were heated to 400℃ under 1000 bar water pressure in a gold bag of Dickson gold-bag equipment (Fig. 1). At an elevated temperature Na(2)S(2)O(3) quickly and completely decomposed into 1:1 mixture of SO(4)(2-) and H(2)S (eq. (1)) and subsequent isotope exchange (eq. (2)) was monitored by consecutively withdrawing aliquots of solution for chemical and isotopic analyses at desired time intervals. For the preparation of SO(2) for isotope analyses, 2 to 5 mg BaSO(4) was thoroughly mixed with silica glass powder of 10 times the BaSO(4) in weight and heated to 1400℃ or so in sealed, evacuated silica glass tubings (see Fig. 2 and equation (4)). The technique is a modification of Holt and Engelkemeir (1971). The (18)O/(16)O ratios of SO(2) thus formed stayed constant by exchange with silica glass powder (Fig. 3). Numerical data of the three runs performed in this study are summarized in Tables 1 to 3. In runs 2 and 3, a small aliquot of (34)S- enriched H(2)SO(4) was added into the starting solution and thus equilibrium was approached from above the quilibrium value (see Fig. 4). When isotope exchange occurs between two molecules, X and Y, the reaction rate, r, is related to the extent of exchange, F, at given time, t, by equation (17), where X and Y indicate concentrations of given species, α(e), α(o) and α denote the fractionation factor at equilibrium, at time t=0 and at an arbitrary time t, and F = (α - α(o))/(α(e) - α(0)) or the extent of isotope exchange. Assuming the exchange rate is of the first order with respect to both X and Y and to the β'th power of hydrogen ion activity, a(H)(+), eq. (17) reduces to eq. (19), where k(1) denotes the rate constant. If X, Y and pH of solution stayed constant during the run, the half-time, t(1/2), of the exchange reaction can be obtained graphically as shown in Fig. 5. The t(1/2) for runs 1, 2, and 3 are determined to be 5.8, 5.5 and 6.1 hrs, respectively. Introducing F=0.5 and t=t(1/2) into eq. (19), we obtain eq. (20) which is graphically shown in Fig. 6 using the data by the present work and those by Sakai and Dickson(1978). The numerical values of log k(1) + 0.16 may be obtained by extrapolating the lines to pH=0 and, from these values, the rate constant, k(1) , may be calculated for temperatures of 300° and 400℃. From these two values of k(1) and from the Arrhenius plot, the activation energy of the exchange reaction was calculated to be 22 kcal/mole, a much smaller value than 55 kcal/mole obtained by Igumnov (1977). The value of β is found to be 0.29 at 300℃ and 0.075 at 400℃, although the physico-chemical nature of β is not clear to the present authors. Using these values, eq. (24), where C is a constant, is derived which would enable us to calculate the t(1/2) of any system of known ΣS and pH. However, as we do not know yet how β varies with different systems, eq. (24) is applicable only to limited systems in which temperature, total sulfur contents and pH are similar to those of the present study. Fig. 7 illustrates how t(1/2) varies with pH and total sulfur content at 300° and 400℃ and predicts t(1/2) for some solutions obtainable by hydrothermal reactions of seawater with various igneous rocks. The average equilibrium fractionation factor at 400℃ obtained by this study is 1.0153, in good accord with 1.0151 given by Igumnov et al. (1977). Theoretical fractionation factors between SO(4)(2-) and H(2)S have been calculated by Sakai (1968) , who gives too high values compared to the experimental data obtained by this and other researchers (Fig. 9). In the present study, the reduced partition function ratio (R.P.F.R.) of SO(4)(2-) was recalculated using two sets of the vibrational frequencies of SO(4)(2-) (shown in Table 5) and the valence force fields of Heath and Linnett (1947), which reproduces the observed frequencies of SO(4)(2-) better than Urey-Bradley force field used by Sakai (1968). The results of new calculation are shown in Table 6. This table also includes the R.P.F.R. of H(2)S which was calculated by Thode et al. (1971). Using these new R.P.F.R. of SO(4)(2-) and H(2)S, the fractionation factors between SO(4)(2-) and H(2)S were calculated and are listed in the last column of Table 6 and plotted in Fig. 9. Fig. 9 indicates that the new calculation gives values more shifted from the experimental values than before. The major sulfate ions in our solution at 300° and 400℃ exist as NaSO(4)(-) (Sakai and Dickson, 1978; see also Table 4 of this paper) and, therefore, the measured fractionation factors are those between NaSO(4)(-) and H(2)S. The discrepancy between the theory and experiments may, at least, be partially explained by this fact, although other more important reasons, which are not known to us at the moment, may also exist. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KamadaEmi en-aut-sei=Kamada en-aut-mei=Emi kn-aut-name=鎌田恵美 kn-aut-sei=鎌田 kn-aut-mei=恵美 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaiHitoshi en-aut-sei=Sakai en-aut-mei=Hitoshi kn-aut-name=酒井均 kn-aut-sei=酒井 kn-aut-mei=均 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KishimaNoriaki en-aut-sei=Kishima en-aut-mei=Noriaki kn-aut-name=木島宣明 kn-aut-sei=木島 kn-aut-mei=宣明 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学温泉研究所熱水地球化学部門 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学温泉研究所熱水地球化学部門 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学温泉研究所熱水地球化学部門 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=61 end-page=66 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1986 dt-pub=198607 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Angiography system combined with Toshiba BV-type X-TV Equipment. 2. Stereo-magnification system. kn-title=東芝BV型XTV装置を併用したANGIO graphy systemの使用経験（第2報 立体拡大撮影システム） en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Angiography of the head and abdominal region gives a good deal of peculiar information for the diagnosis of nature of pathological lesions. When angiography could be performed by stereo-magnification radiography, the radiography gives better information for physicians. In this article, we tried angiography by the stereomagnifying radiography system utilizing X-TV equipment for examination of digestive system. 1. To magnify film image, the film changer was modified to move up and down, because the board of TV table did not change vertically. The board of TV table was also modified to slide more widely. The modifications could make it possible to magnify the film image by two times. 2. To use the X-TV equipment brought some advantages as follows it became very easy for us to convert the X-TV system from fluoroscopy to radiography, and contact seriography was easily changed to stereo-magnification seriography. kn-abstract=我々は，既設の消化管診断用X線TV装置（東芝BV型）を使用した立体拡大撮影システムを検討した。1．消化管診断用X線TV装置の透視天板の高さが一定であるため，従来のフィルムチェンジャー（AOT）では不可能であったが，上下動可能なフィルムチェンジャー（福放FC-10L特）を改良試作したことで最大2倍までの立体拡大撮影が可能となった。2．透視観察から撮影へ，コンタクト撮影から拡大連続撮影，立体撮影から立体拡大連続撮影へと併用して行うことが非常に簡単にできて被検者の負担軽減と多目的使用が可能となった。3．観察条件と立体感については，拡大率を変化させて，その立体感について検討した結果は、観察距離については，各拡大率における立体視しやすい距離は存在し，拡大率が2倍の場合には，観察距離を大きくするほど立体感も増加し，立体視し易い傾向が示された。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AkiyamaTsuneo en-aut-sei=Akiyama en-aut-mei=Tsuneo kn-aut-name=穐山恒雄 kn-aut-sei=穐山 kn-aut-mei=恒雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakaiMutsuo en-aut-sei=Nakai en-aut-mei=Mutsuo kn-aut-name=中井睦郎 kn-aut-sei=中井 kn-aut-mei=睦郎 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsushimaKishio en-aut-sei=Matsushima en-aut-mei=Kishio kn-aut-name=松島紀志夫 kn-aut-sei=松島 kn-aut-mei=紀志夫 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院放射線室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院放射線室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属病院放射線部 en-keyword=立体拡大撮影 (Stereo-magnification radiography) kn-keyword=立体拡大撮影 (Stereo-magnification radiography) en-keyword=フィルム連続撮影装置 (Fiim changer) kn-keyword=フィルム連続撮影装置 (Fiim changer) en-keyword=立体感 (Stereoscopic image) kn-keyword=立体感 (Stereoscopic image) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=4479 end-page=4492 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19581231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on coagulating time and serum bactericidal action of arterial and venous blood. Part 2. Experimental studies on the significance of the difference of the coagulating time between the arterial and venous blood in dogs kn-title=動脈血並に静脈血の血液凝固時間及び血清殺菌作用に関する研究 第2編 動脈血並に静脈血の血液凝固時間の差異の意義に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1) As far as the number of the blood platelets is concerned, neither significant difference is observed between the carotid arterv and jugular vein, nor between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein, while the platelet number of the blood of the femoral vein is smaller than that of the femoral artery. On the other hand, the blood of the hepatic vein and portal vein contained a greater number of platelets than that of any other blood vessel. 2) The serum prothrombin time of the blood of the carotid, femoral and pulmonary arteries is a little shorter than that of the corresponding veins respectively. Those of the hepatic and portal veins are shorter than those of other vessels. The various organs and tissues of the hepato-portal system are thought to play an important role in production of prothrombin. 3) The serum calcium contents of the blood of various vessels show no significant differences. 4) As for amount of thrombin in the serum, the blood of the femoral and pulmonary arteries contains greater amount than that of the femoral and pulmonary vein respectively, The thrombin content of the hepatic and portal veins is still greater. 5) As far as the amount of serum fibrinogen is concerned, the carotid arterial blood and the pulmonary arterial blood show a greater value than the corresponding venous blood respectively. The blood of the hepatic and portal vein presents still greater estimate. 6) The amount of plasma protein shows no significant difference between various arteries and veins, although those of hepatic and portalveins give a slightly greater values than those of the other vessels. 7) The blood sugar values of the femoral and pulmonary arterial blood are slightly greater than those of the femoral and pulmonary venous blood respectively. 8) The phenomenon of fibrinolysis occurrs strongly in the blood of the femoral vein, while it occurrs more weakly in the blood of hepatic and portal veins compared with other blood vessels. 9) The number of blood platelets and the amount of prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, serum protein and fibrinolysin have some relation respectively to the fact that the coagulating time of the blood of the carotid, pulmonary and femorary arteries is shorter than that of the corresponding veins respectively and that of the blood of the hepatic and portal veins is much shorter. Particularly the amounts of prothrombin, thrombin and fibrinogen are seen to play an important role. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KataokaKazuo en-aut-sei=Kataoka en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name=片岡和男 kn-aut-sei=片岡 kn-aut-mei=和男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=4-2 article-no= start-page=1655 end-page=1665 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590405 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Part T. The actual state of kn-title=本邦離乳食の研究 第T編 離乳食の実態とそれが乳幼児身体発育に及ぼす影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=From 1952 to 1953, in the agricultural and mountaineous villages of Okayama Pref. and Hiroshima Pref., an investigation was made about the actual state of "Weaning food" for infants and its effect exerted upon their bodily development both at the period fo weaning and at the later period of infancy; 520 infants (0-2 years old) and 626 infants (3-7 years old) were used as the subjects of investigation, giving the following results: (1) Of the 520 infants chosen (0-2 years old), the percentage of undernourished infants changed monthly as follows: (0-6 months old) 21%; (7-12 months old) 25%; (1-2 years old) 33.9%. Thus the percentage rose highest at the weaning period. (2) In the monthly change in infants' body-weight, the percentage of growth was rather low at the weaning period, the boy babies showing 80% of the standard value and the girl babies 89%. (3) The research on the actual state of weaning in those regions of Japan revealed that the starting time and the weaning food used then were almost proper, but that the delay in the development of staple chief food taken and the lack in protein taken were quite remarkable. (4) It was fonfirmed those infants who were not properly weaned were suffering from malnutrition far more than those who were properly weaned. (5) Among those who were delayed in weaning, move underdeveloped infants were found than in other cases, but it seems not to be reliable from the viewpoint of sampling statistics. Such a correlative relation as seen between the body-weight at birth and the growth of infants in the later period could not be found. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=瀬之ロスミ kn-aut-sei=瀬之ロ kn-aut-mei=スミ aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部小児科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=3-2 article-no= start-page=1359 end-page=1372 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590315 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Bone-Marrow Tissue Culture by the Roller-Tube Method. Part 1. The Effects of Various Salt Solutions on the Tissue Culture kn-title=Roller tube法による骨髄組織培養の吟味 第1編 各種塩類溶液の影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By performing a series of rabbit bone-marrow tissue culture, the author compared with various plasmas, the fixed position of thin rectangular coverglass which was introduced into the test tube, and various salt solutions; and obtained the following results. 1. When rabbit plasma is used as the plasma clot for this method of tissue culture, the tissue growth rate is greater than that in the case of chicken plasma, but it is apt to cause liquefaction and fusion of the plasma clot and also makes it difficult to observe the cell structure. In contrast to this, with the use of chicken plasma, although the tissue growth rate is lower than in the case of the former, the regressive degeneration of cells is less than the former and the cell structure is maintained distinctly. Therefore, the latter plasma is more suitable for such a tissue culture. 2. As for the position of fixing the thin rectangular coverglass, it is best to fix it in such a way so that the explant placed on the coverglass is at the maximum distance from the inner wall of the testtube, when it is fixed at the minimum distance from the inner wall of the testtube, it gives the worst results; while when the coverglass is not fixed, it gives intermediate results. 3. As for the solutions to be used in the medium, Gey's solution is excellent from the standpoints of the rate of tissue growth, the wandering velocity of pseudoeosinophils and the rate of appearance of regressively degenerated granules for the effectiveness in tissue culture, followed by Hanks's solution, Tyrode's solution, Ringer's solution and physiological saline solution, in the order mentioned. However, no marked differences can be observed among the first three solution. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuganoTakashi en-aut-sei=Sugano en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=菅野卓 kn-aut-sei=菅野 kn-aut-mei=卓 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=3489 end-page=3517 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19581031 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Leptospirosis in Ehime Prefecture kn-title=愛媛県下におけるレプトスピラ症について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Although the leptospirosis in Ehime Prefecture is well-known and Minami-Uwa-Gun is particularly well-known as the prevailing district of this disease, no large scale examination is as yet reported. The author studied at first the endemic and the type of leptospira all over Ehime Prefecture, and then studied those in Minami-Uwa-Gun, the most heavily contaminated district. In parallel with this, the occurence of the vitreous body opacity in the leptospirosis was also studied. The following is a summary of the results obtained in this study: T. Epidemiological study in Ehime Prefecture 1) Gosho district contains about 50% of all the cases of Weil's disease in Ehime Prefecture, and the distribution decreases in the sequence of Mibugawa, Yawatahama, Matsuyama and Uwajima districts. On cold plateaus and in intermountain regions, incidences are few. In Gosho district, the most heavily contaminated district, the soil pH is slightly acid. 2) In Ehime Prefecture, the average temperature of a year is 15°C, the humidity is over 20% from June to September and the amount of rainfall from April to September is over 200 mm; a very good condition for the prevalence of leptospirosis. Incidences are the most in September. 3) This disease is more among the people of strong constitution with high working power, and is also more in the male than the female. 4) The cases of this disease are the most in farmers and the next in fishermen; the cases of each of these two are nearly 50% of all cases. 5) Some interrelation exist between the leptospirosis of a family and that of its domestic animals. U. The leptospirosis in Gosho Public Health Office jurisdiction 1) About 50% of the cases exist in Nishi-Umimachi district, and less than this but pretty many cases are observed in Minami-Uchiumi, Shirobe, Higashi-Sotoumi and Gosho districts. 2) The prevalent regions are terraced fields and Rias type sea shores, which are the characteristics of the prevalent regions all over Japan, and especially fishing villages are wet and nasty and are massed by houses, giving a very good condition for the prevalence of the leptospirosis. 3) The climate of this district is that of the subtropical zone; wet and the average temperature of a year of 18℃. 4) The morbidity rate was 1.0% of 7350 people tested. 5) As for the type of leptospira, Weil and Akiyami types are rather many, Particularly Akiyami C type is many, which is usually considered rather less. 6) The Akiyami C strain isolated from the dog is the third one of this strain isolated in Japan. V. The Antibody distribution in Ehime Prefecture 1) Of 511 dogs tested, 105 (20.5%) showed a positive reaction, and the positive reaction rate was higher in southern districts. The type of the agent was L. canicola, Weil and Akiyami C. 2) Of 663 horses and tattles, 137 (23.5%) showed a positive reaction, and the positive reaction cases are many in Gosho and Imaharu districts. As for the type of the agent, Akiyami B was the most and the next was Weil, Akiyami A and Akiyami C. The interrelation between the vitreous body opacity and the leptospirosis Of 32 patients with vitreous body opacity, 17 cases (56.3%) showed a positive serum agglutination reaction. Of all the types of the agent found in these patients, each of weil and Akiyami types occupies about 50%, and, of the latter, Akiyami C type was about 25%. The vitreous body opacity appeared about 8 months after the onset of leptospirosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkadaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=岡田啓 kn-aut-sei=岡田 kn-aut-mei=啓 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=愛媛県立衛生研究所 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2-1 article-no= start-page=493 end-page=508 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Clinical Studies on Abnormal Blood Pressure Ascension and Its Counterplan in the Thoracic Surgery Chapter U Clinical Significance in the Change of the Posture in the Thoracic Surgery kn-title=胸部外科における異常血圧上昇およびその対策に関ずる実験的臨床的研究 第2編 胸部外科における体位変換の臨床的意義について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In CHAPTER T, I have stated my invenstigation on the abnormal blood pressure ascension and its counterplan from the experimental point of view, while I have obtained the same results as in CHAPTER T from the chiefly clinical view point. And at the same time pursued my studies to eluccidate the intrinsic significance in changing the posture. The following in the conclusion I arrived at: 1. In average healthy persons including tuberculous patients, whose conditions assume relationary character, when their postures are lowered to 15°-20° on either left or right side, the pulmonary ventilation on the lowered side is more increased than in supine posture, and decreased on the higher side. 2. The same change of posture when undergoing unilateral pneumothorax or under the condition of the imperfect pulmonary expansion after operation, causes the ventilation to increase on both the higher and lower sides, and especially more remarkable when the thoracic pressure is positive in supine posture. 3. This serves not only to improve the content of the oxygen and the carbonic acid gas in the arterial blood, but also to give a good turn to the respiratory, circulatory impediments accompanying the abnormal blood pressure ascension. 4. This method also proves to be effective as a dependable treatment for the respiratory, circulatory impediments, specifically for pulmonary edema. 5. In conclusion I must add a few words in acknowledgement that the original idea of this method of poature changing treatment was first suggested, and has been realized by the guidance of Dr. Yatsuzuka And, therefore, it may be allowed, I hope, to propose that this method of after-operation posture lowering to 15°-20° on the operated side be named "Yatsuzuka-Miyohi's Plan" (or Yatsuzuka-Miyoshi's Posturization Treatment). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyoshiDaizo en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Daizo kn-aut-name=三好大三 kn-aut-sei=三好 kn-aut-mei=大三 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=国立療養所山陽荘 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2-1 article-no= start-page=477 end-page=491 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Clinical Studies on Abnormal Blood Pressure Ascension and Its Counterplan in the Thoracic Surgery Chaper T Experimental Studies on Abnormal Blood Pressure Ascension in the Thoracic Surgery kn-title=胸部外科における異常血圧上昇およびその対策に関する実験的臨床的研究 第1編 胸部外科における異常血圧上昇に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the national sanatorium "Sanyoso" we have treated many cases, who during and after the pulumonary or intra-thoracic operation, often showed impediments in the respiratory and circulatory organs-abnormal blood pressure ascension and pulmonary edema-, in which occasion we perceived that neither oxygen inhalation nor pressure reducing remedies nor any kind of medication proved effective before it worked wanderst o have the patient body lowered to 15°-20° on its operated side. In this connection close examinations have been carried through to investigate the abnormal blood pressure ascension and its counterplan, and the following results have been obtained from them: 1. The blood pressure was hightened by the positive changing of the intra-thoracic pressure or by chest opening (thoracotomy), which was found to be mostly connected with the decrease of oxygen content and the increase of carbonic acid gas content, more especially with former. 2. In this state of blood pressure ascension, it is considered that the cardiac output is less than normal owing to the congestion in the vena cava and the right auricle, caused by the decrease in the pulmonary circulation blood volume. 3. Under such a condition that the blood pressure schould be lowered by bleeding, the pressure change in the thorax sometimes gives such a rise to the blood pressure as if it were a normal one. T, therefore, call it the "Abnormal Blood Pressure Ascension". 4. In case such as in 3 the blood pressure is regained to the pressure as originally was by lowering the body 15°-20°on its operated side. It serves to foresee dangers of every kind as well as clinical shocks. 5. In case that abnornal blood pressure is caused to rise by the intra-thoracic pressure the change of body posture lowered th 15°-20° on the side where the intra-thoracic pressure has been hightened, serves to improve the arterial blood gas as well as to lower the blood pressure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyoshiDaizo en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Daizo kn-aut-name=三好大三 kn-aut-sei=三好 kn-aut-mei=大三 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=国立療養所山陽荘 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=319 end-page=329 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Serological Studies on Yeast Polysaccharide Part T Studies on the Concentration of Yeast Polysaccharide in Blood, its Excretion in Urine, and the Transmission into Embryo kn-title=酵母菌多糖類の血清学的研究 第1編 酵母菌多糖類の血中濃度と尿中排泄並びに胎児への移行について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author refined the yeast polysaccharide from the dry yeast by means of Hiokas's method, and experimented on the variation of its antigen activity in the refining process, the relation between its concentration in the blood and that in the urine, and its placental permeability, employing a guinea pig given the refined yeast polysaccharide by the abdominal cavity injection or the intravenous one.The anti-yeast rabit serum, (the antigen titer by Uhlenhuth's Method being 1 : 2,500,000), was used for proving the yeast polysaccharide in the blood, the urine and the amniotic fluid, and Uhienhuth's Method was employed for the measuring. The author could clarify the following points: 1) In case of refining the polysaccharide from the yeast, the degree of the antigen activity in the last process is 100 times as much as that of the extract by the physiological saline. 2) The yeast polysaccharide given to a guinea pig by the injection is rapidly excreted into the urine. 3) The yeast polysaccharide in the blood has shown the highest concentration for 4 hours since the injection, and thereafter it begins to decrease rapidly, to be found no more in the blood on the 6th day. 4) The yeast polysaccharide in the urine has shown the highest concentration since the injection, and thereafter it decreases a little less rapidly than that in the blood, to be found no more in the urine on 6th or the 7th day. 5) There is the proportional relation between concentration of the yeast polysaccharide in the blood and that in the urine. 6) In case of giving the yeast polysaccharide to a pregnant guinea pig by the injection, the concentration of the yeast polysaccharide in the embryo's serum, which is trans mitted from its mother, is 1/10-1/20 of that of the mother. 7) The yeast polysaccharide is never transmitted into the amniotic fluid. 8) The length of pregnancy has no relation to the degree of the yeast polysaccharide transmission to embryos. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=InoueTakeo en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Takeo kn-aut-name=井上武夫 kn-aut-sei=井上 kn-aut-mei=武夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=293 end-page=301 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Study of Nasopharyngeal Irradiation for Tubal Stenosis in Children Report 1. Methods and Results of Treatment kn-title=小児耳管狹窄症に対するラジウム治療に関する研究 第1編 治療方法並びに治療成績 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author studied hearing acuity, findings of nsopharyngoscopic examinations and changes in the patency of the Eustachian tube in the 277 ears of the children with tubal stenosis, ranging in age from 5 to 15 years, who had received various tseatments without success in our Better Hearing Clinic, Departmment of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Okayama University Medical School and who has been finally submitted to the radium irradiation therapy 1) As for the method of radium irradiation, a piece of radium needle containing 5.5 mg. radium is put in a brass holder 1 mm. thick and it is inserted up to the orifice of the Eustachian tube through the nose and fixed in the nasopharyngeal cavity. As for the amount of irradiation, an individual case receives 3 to 4 times of 33 mg. hour of irradiatiou for six hours at a time at the interval of seven days, which is considered as a round of teeatment. Usually only one round of such treatment has been given, but in some cases two or three rounds have been administered with 2 to 5 months' interval between the rounds. 2) Out of the 216 ears examined by an an audiometer 144 ears (66.7%) have recovered to the normal hearing; and the 61 ears given infant speech tests have likewise yielded approximately the same results. 3) In order to obtain a better result in the radium treatment, it is necessary to give first such treatments as the treatment for the fluid in the middle-ear cavity, adenoid, or sinusitis. 4) Out of 156 ears, 104 (60,6%) improed by the irradiation treatment. In these 104 cases the majority of them showed granular change of the Eustachian orifice or residual adenoid in the nasopharynx, and furthermore, these types were the ones to whom the irradiation treatment proved to be most effective. 5) As for the patency of the Eustachian tube, 63 ears (60%) of 105 cases with severe stenosis showed improvement after the irradiation, while 38 ears (80%) of 47 cases with mild stenosis improved, 6) As the relapse is apt to occur even more than one year after the treatment, it is necessary to carry on the periodical follow-up examinations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakeuchiMotoshige en-aut-sei=Takeuchi en-aut-mei=Motoshige kn-aut-name=武内元成 kn-aut-sei=武内 kn-aut-mei=元成 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=7-9 article-no= start-page=649 end-page=663 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1963 dt-pub=19630930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Localization Study of Epileptogenic Focus by Means of Intracarotid Sodium Amobarbital Injection Part 1 Intracarotid Sodium Amobarbital Injection Effect on Experimentally Produced Focal Epileptogenic Discharge of Cat kn-title=アモバルビタールソーダ頸動脈注射によるてんかん焦点局在診断に関する研究 第1編 実験的てんかん焦点に対するアモバルビタールソーダ頸動脈注射の影響に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Twenty adult cats were utilized for this study under unanesthetized condition. Penicillin was locally given in various parts of cortex and subcortical nucleus or thalamus to elicit epileptogenic discharges and sodium amobarbital was intracarotidly injected to give arise transient functional depression of hemisphere. EEG was followed up in the course of this experiment. 1) Local application of penicillin into cortex or subcortical nucleus or thalamus considerably elicited epileptogenic discharges. 2) In case of focal cortical epileptogenic discharge, the first spike appearing at the neighbouring area of the focus was followed to be associated with the synchronous spike discharge at the opposite side and then the focal seizure discharge was built. The discharge was occaionally interrupted by the interictal state, building, in some of the cases, the final stage of generalized seizure discharge. 3) So was noted in its appearance and process in case of focal subcortical epileptogenic discharge. But there was a more tendency of transmission of its activity to the opposite side in comparison with the cortical epileptogenic discharge. 4) The epileptogenic discharge originated from unilateral cortical focus was abolished or inhibited by means of ipsilateral intracarotid injection of 5 to 10 mg sodium amobarbital, but was not affected by the contralateral administration. However, either side of the injection could not inhibit the discharge activity after it became a focal seigure discharge. 5) Subcortically elicited epileptogenic discharge, in contrast, could not be interfered by either side of the intracarotid administration. 6) In cases of both focal cortical and subcortical discharge, intracarotid injection of sodium amobarbital manifested a tendency of flattening and slowing of back ground activity at the injected side, but not at the opposide side. 7) The intracarotid administration could not activate the epileptogenic discharges either from cortex and subcortex. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YagiTakeshi en-aut-sei=Yagi en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=八木健 kn-aut-sei=八木 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=831 end-page=844 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Sulfur Metabolism in Infants Part 2. The Sulfur Metabolism in Infants under Breast Feeding and in Infants under Artifical Feeding kn-title=乳児の硫黄代謝に関する研究 第2編 天然及び人工栄養児の硫黄代謝 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By the new method as described in Part I the author studied the sulfur and nitrogen metabolism in infants under breast feeding and in infants under artificial feeding, and obtained the following results. 1. In the infants under breast feeding at the age of 1-2 months, 3-4 months, and 5-6 months old the average sulfur retention at each period has bead 25.7, 33.7, and -0.53 per cent respectively. Similarly in the infants under artificial feeding at the same age range the average retenrion has beed 35.1, 48.6 and 40.4 per cent respectively. 2. In the case of the infants under breat feeding at the age of 5-6 months old the quantity of sulfur retained gives a negative value, but this seems to be due to an increased urinary excretion of sulfur in the process of the conversion of cartilage to bone. 3. The nitrogen retention rate shows no difference due to feeding methods. 4. Nitrogen-sulufr ratio (N/S) of the retention differs according to the method of feeding. Namely, the ratio N/S in infants under breast feeding is 25.2 while that in infants under artificial feeding is 18.8. 5. N/S values of the retention in infants under breast feeding are higher than those in infants under artificial feeding. This fact indicates that sulfur in breast milk is more effective than that in cow's milk for increasing the quantity of nitrogen to be retained, and this in turn seems to be due to the action of cystine-sulfur contained in breast milk. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HamadaGibun en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Gibun kn-aut-name=濱田義文 kn-aut-sei=濱田 kn-aut-mei=義文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大挙医学部小児科学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=297 end-page=316 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1963 dt-pub=19630330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Treatment of Malignant Tumors With Fibroblasts Inhibiting Agents Basic and Clinical Studies of Chloroquine Derivatives. (1) kn-title=線維芽細胞抑制剤による悪性腫瘍の治療に関する研究 クロロキン剤の基礎と臨床（第一報） en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Followings are the results derived from the treatment of animal and human cancers with a fibroblasts inhibiting agent such as chloroquine, based on the unique idea of ours. 1). In implanted tumors of animals, the effect was noted in Bashford cancer and Brown-Pearce cancer relatively rich in connective tissue in terms of life prolongation, an inhibition of tumor growth and of decrease of liver catalase activity, an improvement of iron metabolism, an enlargement of necrotic area in histology, an inhibition of connective tissue conponents, and a decrease of acid mucopolysaccharides. A tendency for a decrease of amount and cell numbers of ascites was almost the only effect noted in Ehrlich cancer, Yoshida sarcoma, and MH 134 poor in connective tissue. 2). 75 cases of humau cancer were treated with this agent and among these 75 the effect was evaluated in 40 cases with definite histological diagnosis in respects with subjective and objective improvement. It was effective in 28 cases, resulted failure in 11 cases, and gave an obscure result in 1 case. Cases which were treated for more than 2m onths never resulted in therapeutic failure, indicating that the agent was somehow effective for all cases but those in the last stadium. In respect with organs involved, the effect was most prominent in lung cancer and urinary bladder cancer, somewhat less in gastric cancer, and often seen in carcinomatous peritonitis and many other advanced cancers. This effect was noted in a comparatively short period in terms of subjective improvement, regression in size of tumors in a number of cases, a decrease of serum lactic acid dehydrogenase, and improvement of general condition, a tendency for necrosis of tumor and an inhibition of interstitium. 3). The above results indicate that the agent is more effective for tumors rich in connective tissue and that it's secondary effect on tumors through the inhibition of interstitial connective tissue is considered as the operative mechanism of chloroquine against malignant tumors, but it's anti-inflammatory effect and generalized influence on hosts are to be taken into consideration. The agent is indicated in inoperable cases, postoperative relapse, or prior and following an operation. A search for stronger fibroblasts inhibiting agents and an evaluation of combined therapy with so called anti-cancer agents are being made and that with mitomycin C is giving a fairly promising result. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HirakiKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name=平木潔 kn-aut-sei=平木 kn-aut-mei=潔 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraIkuro en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Ikuro kn-aut-name=木村郁郎 kn-aut-sei=木村 kn-aut-mei=郁郎 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtaZensuke en-aut-sei=Ota en-aut-mei=Zensuke kn-aut-name=太田善介 kn-aut-sei=太田 kn-aut-mei=善介 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsanoKenwo en-aut-sei=Asano en-aut-mei=Kenwo kn-aut-name=浅野健夫 kn-aut-sei=浅野 kn-aut-mei=健夫 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KageyamaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Kageyama en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=影山浩 kn-aut-sei=影山 kn-aut-mei=浩 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShibuyaKoichi en-aut-sei=Shibuya en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name=渋谷貢一 kn-aut-sei=渋谷 kn-aut-mei=貢一 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KotaniHidenari en-aut-sei=Kotani en-aut-mei=Hidenari kn-aut-name=小谷秀成 kn-aut-sei=小谷 kn-aut-mei=秀成 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuuraRyozo en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Ryozo kn-aut-name=松浦良三 kn-aut-sei=松浦 kn-aut-mei=良三 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuchidaJunichiro en-aut-sei=Tsuchida en-aut-mei=Junichiro kn-aut-name=土田潤一郎 kn-aut-sei=土田 kn-aut-mei=潤一郎 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SezakiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Sezaki en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name=瀬崎達雄 kn-aut-sei=瀬崎 kn-aut-mei=達雄 aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiraokaToshinobu en-aut-sei=Hiraoka en-aut-mei=Toshinobu kn-aut-name=平岡敏延 kn-aut-sei=平岡 kn-aut-mei=敏延 aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=HimeiHajime en-aut-sei=Himei en-aut-mei=Hajime kn-aut-name=姫井孟 kn-aut-sei=姫井 kn-aut-mei=孟 aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaniYoshiaki en-aut-sei=Moritani en-aut-mei=Yoshiaki kn-aut-name=守谷欣明 kn-aut-sei=守谷 kn-aut-mei=欣明 aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamanaMasatoshi en-aut-sei=Yamana en-aut-mei=Masatoshi kn-aut-name=山名正俊 kn-aut-sei=山名 kn-aut-mei=正俊 aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=219 end-page=227 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Action of Disinfectants Part U Relation of the Respiration of Bacteria to the Time Required for Killing under the action of Disinfectants kn-title=各種消毒薬の作用機序に関する研究 第2編 消毒薬の濃度別に於ける各菌の死滅時間と呼吸との関係 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The time repuired for killing bacteria varies with the effcetive concentration of the disinfectants which give a bactericidal effect on bacteria. The author investigated the enzyme activity of the bacterial cells obtained at various lenghth of the time of disinfection by observing the respiration of that cells. And the following results were obtained. 1) The respirations were measured on the bacterial cells which were lost growth capacity by the action of disinfectants in various concentration. There were not found acceleration of the respiration at the expense of many substrates except lactate, at with the acceleration of the respiration was found to some extents. 2) From the viewpoint of the respiration, the inhibition on the enzyme activity of bacteria differed from the disinfectants. Namely, the disinfectant which showed strong bactericidal effect inhibited the respiration markedly, but the disinfectant whose action was mild did not show such maked inhibition. 3) As mentioned above, the time required for killing bacteria varies with the actual concentration of disinfectant. But the inhibition on the enzyme activity of bacteria occured more severly on the bacterial cells killed by a prolonged action of dilute disinfectant than on the cells killed by shor-time action of the disinfectant having high concentration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KajitaniHideya en-aut-sei=Kajitani en-aut-mei=Hideya kn-aut-name=梶谷英也 kn-aut-sei=梶谷 kn-aut-mei=英也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=1-3 article-no= start-page=115 end-page=124 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1963 dt-pub=19630330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Bilirubinoid-Azopigments Part T: Paper Chromatography on Bilirubinoid-Azopigments kn-title=Bilirubinoid-Azo色素に関する研究 第1編 数種Bilirubinoid-azo色素のPaperchromatographyによる検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Azopigments, yielded after the addition of diazotised sulphanilic acid to the each of bilirubin, mesobilirubin and bilirubindimetbylester, have been studied by paper partition chromatography if there were some differences in Rf on the chromatograms among these azopigments. The following results were obtained; Regarding developing solvents, methylethylketone-n-propanol-water (15:5:6), n-propanol-water (7:3), n-propanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5) and saturated n-butanol with 10% citric acid were found as giving the most adequate partition of these samples from the chromatographies done with uses of more than forty kinds of solvents. Using these developing solvent systems, the distinct diferences in the partition were found among these three bilirubinoid-azopigments. In developing process on the chromatography of these azopigments, a reddish-violet spot changed its color partially to blue, and was finally divided into two spots of red and blue. This indicated the coexistence of two kinds of the azopigments in the crude samples. By leaving or heating the paper after developing the chromatography, a yellow spot appeared with the Rf common to these three azopigments, and it was possibly throught that this spot resulted from excess amount of the diazonium salt remained in the reacting solution. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanedaKotaro en-aut-sei=Kaneda en-aut-mei=Kotaro kn-aut-name=金田皎太郎 kn-aut-sei=金田 kn-aut-mei=皎太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1077 end-page=1086 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1965 dt-pub=19650730 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical Significance of Mesobilirubinogen 2. Significance of urinary mesobilirubinogen in experimental liver injury kn-title=Mesobilirubinogenの臨床的意義に関する研究 第2編 実験的肝障害時に於ける尿中Mesbilirubinogenの意義 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=After inducing experimental liver injury in normal adult rabbits by the injection of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or allyl-formate the relationship between the mesobiliviolin reaction at the time when urinary urobilinogen is positive and the results of various examinations on liver function was studied simultaneously, and the following results were obtained. 1. There is found no proportional relation between the concentration of urinary urobilinogen and the positivity of mesobiliviolin reaction, and when urobilinogen is at normal level, the mesobiliviolin reaction proves to be always negative. 2. The histological pictures of the liver when it is mesobiliviolin positive reveal a strong stellate reaction, showing a marked correlation, but there is not necessarily their correlation with the degree of liver cell degeneration. 3. At the time when mesobiliviolin reaction is positive, Takata's reaction and CCF give the rate of 94.1% and 88.2% respectively, showing a marked correlation with one another. TTT gives the rate of 64.4%, being somewhat lower, but there can be observed no correlation between the serum bilirubin level and the positivity to the mesobiliviolin reaction. The degree of BSP injury is 82.3%, showing a good correlation. On the other hand, between the urinary urobilinogen content and these liver functions there is no appreciable correlation. 4. Therefore, even assuming that mesobilirubinogen is disposed of by the liver endothelial system, it represents a more marked injury of the liver than urobilinogen. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaniMikihiko en-aut-sei=Tani en-aut-mei=Mikihiko kn-aut-name=谷幹彦 kn-aut-sei=谷 kn-aut-mei=幹彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=559 end-page=561 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1964 dt-pub=19641030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Standard Curves of Transaminase Activity kn-title=Transaminase検量線について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Of late clinical assay of transaminase has gained a greater importance and the methods of the assay are now being studied from various angles. As for making the standard curves there are such methods as that of Reitman and Mizobe's, the latter being very similar to the former, but there still remain problems that need to be solved in these methods with respect to the quantity of 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution to be added. With the purpose to clarify these points, the author conducted a series of experiments and demonstrated theoretically and clinically that the addition of 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution in the quantity more than twice the amounts employed by various investigators would yield a perfectly straight line curve in contrast to the available reports where the addition of pyruvate in the concentrations up to 0.3 μM as reported by Mizobe and others gives a straight line curve but any quantity above that tends to distort the straight line. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SaikawaHideo en-aut-sei=Saikawa en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name=才川秀男 kn-aut-sei=才川 kn-aut-mei=秀男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=国立岡山病院 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=80 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=631 end-page=635 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1968 dt-pub=19680630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Measurement of Human Blood Catalase Activity and the Screening Method of Hypocatalasemia by Spectrophotometry Part 4. A simple method of measuring human blood catalase activity and the screening test for hypocatalasemia kn-title=分光光度法による人血液カタラーゼ活性の定量および低カタラーゼ血液症のスクリーニング法について 第4編 本法による活性の直接定量法と低「カ」血症のスクリーニング法 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is generally accepted that modified Euler-Josephson's method of titration gives the value of catalase activity, “Kcat” as the standard value. Whereas by the author's method taking the value of catalase activity as "k" measured, for example, at room temperature, recorded on an autorecording apparatus, it will be seen that we get the formula, Kcat=1/1.035 (100/90K+0.513) The present study has led to the following conclusions: This method is characterized by the fact that it is useful for the screening test for hypocatalasemia as well as for simultaneous measurement of the catalase activity in human blood. It is suggested that the level of the screening be fixed more appropriately at 2.4. Attempts have been made to use a portable UV-colorimeter to the screening but it seemed that this apparatus is not suitable for the purpose. This method can measure not only the activity of purified catalase but also that of a partially purified catalase. It can also be applied for the measurement of catalase activity in tissues other than blood. It is anticipated that this method can also be useful for the investigation of hypocatalasemic blood catalase from the aspect of enzyme kinetics. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakagawaYoshito en-aut-sei=Nakagawa en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name=中川嘉人 kn-aut-sei=中川 kn-aut-mei=嘉人 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=79 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=373 end-page=386 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1967 dt-pub=19670430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Studies on the Influence of Surgical Intervention on the Metabolism of Reticuloendothelial System U. A Study on Changes in the metabolic Function of RES under various conditions of Operation by means of Glycyrrhizin (59)Fe Colloid method kn-title=外科侵襲の網内系代謝機能に及ぼす影響に関する実験的研究 第2編 グリチルリチン(59)Feコロイド法による各種手術時網内系代謝機能の変動 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to clarify the effects of surgical intervention on the function of the RES, we performed pseudo-surgical intervention on dogs by the Glycyrrhizin (59)Fe-colloid, and obtained the following results. 1. In the study of the phagocytic function of the RES it was found that simple laparotomy rather accelerates the RES function slightly while in the case of a greater surgical intervention, such as an extensive removal of lymph nodes in the upper abdominal cavity, a marked primary acceleration of the RES function can be observed. In the case of splenectomy performed for the purpose to decrease the quantity of RES tissue, the function is lowered in proportion to the quantity of the tissue removed. 2. As for the hemoglobin synthesis resulting from the iron metabolism of reticuloendothelial cells, a marked acceleration of the function is observed in the case of simple laparotomy, while on the contrary, a strong inhibition is induced by the extensive lymph-node removal of the upper abdominal cavity. In the case of splenectomy such an inhibitory effect on the RES becomes more pronounced when a greater quantity of lymph-node tissue is removed. 3. In the observations conducted on the accumulated total iron and iron fractions in the liver, spleen and bone marrow at 48 houres after anesthesia, it was demonstrated that as the surgical intervention becomes more extensive, there occurs blockade of hemosiderin, and likewise in splnectomy iron accumulation is brought about by the residual spleen but the ratio of hemosiderin to ferritin is reversed, indicating that a strong compensatory function is rendered to the residual spleen. 4. In the study of various functions such as phagocytosis, disposal and synthesis of the entire RES, when the lymph nodes are removed extensively in the upper abdominal cavity, phagocytosis is accelerated only at early stage, but there appears a division of the function as both organic iron and hemoglobin synthesis counteract one another, and in the case of splenectomy the residual spleen exhibits a marked compensatory function, and the compensatory capacity of the liver is also considerable. However, the RES as a whole has been demonstrated to function lesser in proportion to the quantity of the spleen removed. From these findings it has been elucidated that the removal of the organs from RES affects specifically the functions of each organ, giving valuable criteria for clinical study. Further, it was shown that for the study of RES this Glycyrrhizin (59)Fe-colloid method is superior to the available classical metdod. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujisawaMasahiko en-aut-sei=Fujisawa en-aut-mei=Masahiko kn-aut-name=藤沢昌彦 kn-aut-sei=藤沢 kn-aut-mei=昌彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=84 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=11 end-page=23 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1972 dt-pub=19720430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=An Experimental-Anatomical Study on the Intrathalamic Fiber Connecitons of the Posterior Ventral Nuclei in the Cat kn-title=ネコの視床後腹側核の視床内結合に関する実験解剖学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The present study was undertaken to elucidate the intrathalamic fiber connections of the posterior ventral nuclei of the thalamus. Localized stereotaxic lesions were placed in various parts of these nuclei in 13 cats, and the ensuing terminal degeneration in the dorsal thalamic nuclei were studied by the Nauta and Gygax method. Within the posterior ventral nuclei, the posteromedial and posterolateral ventral nuclei are diffferentiated. The posteromedial ventral nucleus is further divided into the medial parvocellular and the lateral main parts. The posterior ventral nuclei have intrathalamic connections to the surrounding thalamic nuclei, in addition to cortical projections. Regarding the intrathalamic connections from different parts of the posterior ventral nuclei some differences in termination are noted. The medial part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus, regarded as a thalamic relay station in the gustatory paths, sends fibers profusely to the intralaminar nuclei in a wide sense, including the centre median and parafascicular nuclei, and are connected across the midline with the paracentral and lateral central nuclei and the medial part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus on the opposite side. It should be mentioned that the rhomboid and medial ventral nuclei are not only pierced by decussating fibers, but also receive terminal fiders from the medial part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus. This part sends a limited number of fibers to the lateral part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus and the other ventral nuclei, including the submedial nucleus, as well as to the dorsal medial, posterior lateral and suprageniculate nuclei, but gives off no fibers to the medial and lateral geniculate bodies or the medial and inferior pulvinar nuclei. The lateral main part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus and the posterolateral ventral nucleus are considered to be thalamic relay centers for somatic sensibility. The former sends fibers to the other ventral nuclei, viz. the posterolateral ventral, lateral ventral, medial ventral and submedial nuclei. It also gives off fibers to the intralaminar nuclei in a wide sense, the lateral part of the dorsal medial nucleus and the posterior lateral, suprageniculate and medial pulvinar nuclei, but send scarcely any fibers to the medial and lateral geniculate bodies. It sends no decussating fibers to the contralateral dorsal thalamus. The dorsolateral part of the posterolateral ventral nucleus sends fibers to the posterior lateral, inferior pulvinar, suprageniculate nuclei and the lateral geniculate body, particularly its ventral nucleus. It also gives off fibers to the lateral part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus and the lateral ventral nucleus, but sends no fibers to the medial part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus or the dorsal medial, medial pulvinar, submedial and medial ventral nuclei. In addition, it gives rise to neither decussating fibers to the contralateral side nor terminal fibers to the midline nuclei. The dorsolateral part sends only few fibers to the intralaminar nuclei in a wide sense. The ventromedial part of the posterolateral ventral nucleus sends more abundant fibers to the intralaminar nuclei in a wide sense and the posteromedial ventral, medial ventral and submedial nuclei than does the dorsolateral part, but gives off a lesser amount of fibers to the lateral geniculate body and the inferior pulvinar and lateral ventral nuclei. It sends fibers to the posterior lateral and suprageniculate nuclei, and only few fibers to the medial geniculate and dorsal medial nuclei which receive no fibers from the dorsolateral part. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AbeKumashige en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Kumashige kn-aut-name=阿部熊重 kn-aut-sei=阿部 kn-aut-mei=熊重 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第三解剖学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=86 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=369 end-page=383 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1974 dt-pub=19740830 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Fatty Acids Metabolism of Goldthioglucose Obese Mice T. Fatty Acids Synthesis from 1-(14)C-Acetate kn-title=Goldthioglucose肥満マウスにおける脂酸代謝に関する研究 策1編 1-(14)C-acetateよりの脂酸合成について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Injection of goldthioglucose (GTG) destroys the bilateral ventro-medial nucleus, the "satiety area" and gives rise to hypothalamic obesity in mice (abbreated later as GTG mice). A considerable number of papers have been published on lipid metabolism of liver and adipose tissue in these obese animal. However, little is known about individual fatty acids synthesis in GTG mice. In this report, the author disclosed the individual fatty acids synthesis of liver and adipose tissue in GTG mice. Observations were performed both in vitro and in vivo, with analysis of the incorporation and distribution of 1-(14)C-acetate in individual fatty acids of major lipid classes Results were as follows. Experiment on liver; 1) Liver of GTG mice incorporated significantly more 1-(14)C-acetate in saponifiable fraction of lipids (=total fatty acids) than liver of control mice did. 2) In regard to the study on the distribution of 1-(14)C-acetate in individual fatty acids separated by gaschromatography, the percentage of radioactivity recovered in oleic acid significantly increased in GTG mice. On the other hand, the percentage of radioactivity in fatty acids with retention time corresponding to arachidic acid or longer relatively decreased. 3) After four hours' incubation of liver with 1-(14)C-acetate in vitro, the percentage distribution of radioactivity recovered in triglyceride significantly increased in GTG mice comparedd with control mice. In vivo, the percentage distribution of radioactivity increased in liver triglyceride with time from one hour to four hours after administration of 1-(14)C-acetate in GTG mice. 4) It is conspicuous that the amount of radioactivity recovered in oleic acid of GTG mice was always significantly higher than in that of control mice, on analysis of (14)C distribution in individual fatty acids esterified into triglyceride, both in vitro and in vivo. The percentage distribution of (14)C in oleic acid of triglyceride in GTG mice was increasing with time up to four hours in vivo, too. 5) In individual fatty acids esterified into phospholipids, the percentage of (14)C found in oleic acid of GTG mice was also higher than in that of control mice. 6) In vitro, fasted animals incorporated less (14)C into total fatty acids than fed animals in both GTG and control mice and significant decrease was observed in the percentage of (14)C in myristic acid and palmitic acid. Experiment on adipose tissue; There was a highly significant increase in the incorporation of (14)C into total fatty acids in the tissue of GTG mice compared with control mice. However, no significant differences were found in the percentage distribution of (14)C in major lipid classes nor in individual fatty acids of saponifiable fraction of lipids between both groups of mice. From these results, the author advocates a possibility that obesity of these animals is due to the increased synthesis of fatty acids and increaed accumulation of triglyceride esterified with oleic acid. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiiYasuhisa en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Yasuhisa kn-aut-name=藤井靖久 kn-aut-sei=藤井 kn-aut-mei=靖久 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2内科学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=83 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=465 end-page=479 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1971 dt-pub=19711030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Comparative Studies on Doses and Total Amounts of Chinoform Administered on SMON and Non-SMON Patients kn-title=SMON患者と非SMON患者に対するChinoform剤投与状況の比較-岡山県下の3病院における比較観察- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to elucidate the relationship between SMON (subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy) and chinoform, we carried out comparative studies on the doses and total amounts of chinoform preparations on the both patients of SMON and non-SMON admitted in Hospital I where SMON is most endemic in Okayama Prefecture, during the period of 1968, 1969 and 1970, to the total of 7,374 cases, and those treated in 1969 at Hospitals P and Q located in other districts, amounting to 11,953 and 7,290 cases respectively, all inclusive of SMON and non-SMON patients. The results are briefly summarized as follows. 1. Of the SMON patients in Hospital I, the ratio of those not receiving chinoform administration prior to the onset of SMON to the total SMON cases proved to be 8 to 55 cases in 1968, 32 to 52 cases in 1969, and 2 to 7 cases in 1970, indicating that the incidence in 1969 is very high. What is more, there is a considerable difference according to the fiscal year, thus giving no uniform results. Even at Hospital P the administration of chinoform cannot be confirmed in 2 cases out of 15 SMON patients and at Hospital Q in 2 out of 5 cases prior to the beginning of neurological symptomes of SMON. 2. In the region around Hospital I there was observed the highest incidence of SMON in the first half of the fiscal year 1969, and thereafter the incidence decreased rapidly from the latter half of 1969. However, We can find no evidence as to substantiate changes in the chinoform administration from the results of chinoform administered to general non-SMON patients. 3. The ratio of SMON patients to the total cases treated with chinoform at Hospital I proved to be 13.9% in 1968, 29.6% in 1969, and 5.7% in 1970, and at Hospital P it was 2.7% in 1969 and at Hospital Q 1.8%. 4. As to the age range of general patients receiving chinoform, the incidence of those non-SMON cases proves to be highest in twenties and thirties irrespective of sex and this finding doesnot coincide at all with the known propensity of SMON being more apt to occur in females of middle age. 5. As is obvious from these findings, our comparative studies conducted on the effects of chinoform to patients in the three hospitals do not yield any evidence to prove direct relationship between the chinoform administration and the onset of SMON. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShimadaYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Shimada en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name=島田宜浩 kn-aut-sei=島田 kn-aut-mei=宜浩 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukuharaJunichi en-aut-sei=Fukuhara en-aut-mei=Junichi kn-aut-name=福原純一 kn-aut-sei=福原 kn-aut-mei=純一 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubotaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Kubota en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name=窪田政寛 kn-aut-sei=窪田 kn-aut-mei=政寛 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KosakaKiyowo en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Kiyowo kn-aut-name=小坂淳夫 kn-aut-sei=小坂 kn-aut-mei=淳夫 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=83 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=357 end-page=395 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1971 dt-pub=19711030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=STUDIES ON INJURY TO ERYTHOROCYTES DURING EXSTRACOPOREAL CIRCULATION kn-title=体外循環における赤血球損傷に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Clinical and experimental studies on hemolysis during extracorporeal circulation were performed. Various factors of hemolysis were analized as to perfusion methods, refering to erythrocyte life span. Conclusions are as follows: 1) Concerning hemolysis, ACD blood for priming preserved for 2 to 3 days is not inferior to one preserved for a day. 2) Disc oxygenators give less damage to erythrocytes than bubble oxygenators. 3) Blood from cyanotic heart diseases has a tendency to show more hemolysis than blood from a cyanotic heart diseases. 4) Mechanical hemolysis increases as blood temperature drops. 5) As antihemolytic agents, Mannitol is effective, but Pluronic F-68 shows no recognizable effects in vitro experiments. 6) Blood retension in the pericardium causes marked hemolysis, resulting in elevation of free Hb level in suction circuit, and return of blood from suction circuit to oxygenator gives a rise to elevation of plasma free Hb level in extracorporeal circulation with a little influence to total free Hb level. 7) Hemodilution is effective to decrease damage to erythrocytes. 8) Kind of diluent gives great influence to hemolysis. Gelatin has proved to be best. 9) Hemoglobinuria is seen at higher level of plasma free Hb than 110-140mg/dl after extra- corporeal circulation. 10) Erythrocyte life span is much shortened with even mild mechanical stimulation to erythrocytes. With strong stimulation, it was markedly shortened. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OtakiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Otaki en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name=大滝達郎 kn-aut-sei=大滝 kn-aut-mei=達郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第2外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=83 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=75 end-page=81 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1971 dt-pub=19710430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Pulmonary Disorders Induced by Bleomycin Part U. Experimental Pulmonary Disorders Induced by Bleomycin kn-title=Bleomycinによる肺障害に関する研究 第2編 実験的Bleomycin肺障害について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We have succeeded in inducing pulmonary disorders in mice and rabbits by administering Bleomycin. The following conclusions were obtained from microscopic and electronmicroscopic observation. 1) Pulmonary disorders could be induced in two different species of animals, mice and rabbits. The histological changes consisted of hypertrophy of the alveolar septum, precipitation of fibrin, proliferating tendency of the bronchiolar epithelium, and septal interstitial cellular infiltration. These changes were found to be localized initially under the pleura and appeared to proceed diffusely into the deep region of the lung. 2) The present findings suggested, as for the mechanism for development of pulmonary disorders, that Bleomycin gives vascular endothelial cells direct damages which increase the permeability of the blood vessels. Then the alveolar space and interstice begin to contain the protein-rich exsudate owing to the increased vascular permeability. Disturbance of absorption would cause fibrotic changes. Additional bacterial infection would sometimes further increase vascular permeability and make the histological pictures appear to be more complicated. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakataHiromi en-aut-sei=Takata en-aut-mei=Hiromi kn-aut-name=高田宏美 kn-aut-sei=高田 kn-aut-mei=宏美 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=87 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=259 end-page=270 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1975 dt-pub=19750430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The physicochemical studies on salt-resistant mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus kn-title=ブドウ球菌の耐塩機構に関する物性論的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To clarify salt-resistant mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus from the standpoint of the passive transport, attempts were made to establish the experimental system of artificial model membrane, liposome, and to measure permeability of Na(+) to it. The liposomes were prepared from phospholipids of S. aureus cultivated in normal and 10% NaCl media and NaCl-sensitive mutants. 1. In physiological conditions, it is possible to form the stable liposome comprised of phospholipids or total lipids of S. aureus. The preparation methods give a remarkable difference in the shape of vesicles. In the case of particles produced by hand or mechanical shaking, the diversities in the size and shape of individual particles can be observed. Sonicator-prepared liposomes are small and homogeneous of particle size, and consist of unilamella rather than multilamella. 2. Salt concentration affects liposome formation. Cardiolipin containing abundant branchedfatty acid form stable vesicles even in a high concentration of NaCl solution. 3. The liposome prepared from phospholipids of 10% NaCl S. aureus suppresses more markedly in the rate of Na(+) diffusion than that of normal S. aureus. The experiments on the liposomes prepared from fractionated individual phospholipids indicate that cardiolipin containing branchedfatty acid contributes to salt-resistance of S. aureus as a barrier. 4. From optical measurements, it has been elucidated that the liposome of phospholipids prepared from S. aureus acts as an ideal osmometer, and non-electrolyte, glycerol, shows a similar behavior to Na(+) in permeability. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KatayamaTakeshi en-aut-sei=Katayama en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=片山健 kn-aut-sei=片山 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=90 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=421 end-page=444 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1978 dt-pub=19780430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Study of the elemental diet -It's applecation to experimental short gut syndrome in the rats.- kn-title=Elemental dietに関する実験的検討 ―とくに小腸曠置ラットに対する栄養的価値について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The first effort was made to document that elemental diet was satisfactory in maintaining normal growth in rats. A second effort was made to determine the maximum resectability of the intestine when rats were fed only by the elemental diet. These experiments were done in 80 ten-week-old female Wister rats. Results obtained are as follows (1) Eight rats fed only by the elemental diet through gastrostomy for 20 days gained more weight than pre-operative weight (P<0.02), and a positive nitrogen balance was obtained when rats were given with calories of 303 cal/kg/day and 8.25g/kg/day of amino acids. Also long term experiment of giving the elemental diet by mouth for 60 days resulted in increase of body weight (P<0.001), and there was no abnormality in hematological and pathological evaluations. (2) Body weight became heavier than that of before operation in the rats with 70% or 80% resection of the small intestine with P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively. In the latter group, however, recovery from surgical assault were delayed, the pancreas and lung were often compromised and blood urea nitrogen as well as serum enzymes such as s-GOT and s-GPT were abnormally high. In 90% resection rats mortality was very high (85.7%). Therefore, it was concluded that the maximum resectality of the small intestine was 70% when rats were fed by elemental diet. (3) If the ileocecal valve was resected, pre-operative body weight was not resumed even in 70% -resection rats, indicating the importance of the valve. (4) When pyloroplasty was added in 70% -resection rats, gain in body weight was larger as compared with 70% resection group and non-resection group (P<0.005 and P<0.01, respectively). Abnormal findings in the liver, pancreas and lung were lesser and serum protein was elevated (P<0.001). These results show that elemental diet is effective tool of nutrition and exclusion of small intestine can be done safely as much as 70% However, improvement of administration and nutritional constitution may be able to endure much more extensive resection. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakabatakeToshifumi en-aut-sei=Takabatake en-aut-mei=Toshifumi kn-aut-name=高畠敏史 kn-aut-sei=高畠 kn-aut-mei=敏史 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=91 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=47 end-page=76 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1979 dt-pub=19790228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental study on vascularization of oral mucosal graft after transplantation kn-title=口腔粘膜への粘膜移植後の血管新生に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Damage inflicted on the oral mucosa may result in the development of an unfavorable appearance, functional disturbances, or growth retardation in the buccal-oral cavity region. In an attempt to minimize such disturbances, transplantation of the free oral mucosa was investigated. Changes in the vascular picture were studied by the intravascular injection of chloropercha. Three-dimensional and morphological observations of blood vessels were supported by macroscopical and pathohistological studies. The animals used were 60 adult dogs weighing about 4-8 kg raised in similar conditions. The left and right buccal mucosal flaps and the left and right maxillary third incisors served as the material. Intravenous anesthesia was used. In Exp. 1: a 1.0 x 1.0 cm piece was taken from the left buccal mucosa. A mucosal graft of the same size was obtained from the right buccal mucosa (used for the free buccal mucosa transplantation). In Exp. 2: the right buccal mucosa from which the mucosal flap had been taken was left as an open wound. In Exp. 3: a gingival section (1.0 x 1.0 cm) was taken from both sides of the maxillary gingiva at the level of the third maxillary incisors. A free buccal gingival graft was prepared from the left side and transplanted to the open wound on the right. The free buccal gingival graft from the right side was transplanted to the open wound on the left. 1) In the free buccal mucosal transplantation to the buccal mucosa, slight intrusion of blood vessels into the transplant was obvious 2 days after transplantation. By the fifth day many blood vessels had developed, by the sixth day these blood vessels formed a loop in the epithelial region, by the fourteenth day the arrangement of blood vessels had become well arrayed, and by the twentieth day blood vessels gave the same appearance as vessels in the transplantation bed. 2) Transplantation of the free mucosa on to the buccal mucosa of the opposite side gives better healing than leaving the damaged buccal mucosa as an open wound. 3) With transplantation of free gingiva to the gingiva of tooth neck, blood vessels had partially advanced into the transplant by the fifth post-operative day. By the tenth day, loop formation of vessels on the gingival epithelium together with gingival adhesion were well arranged. By the fortyfifth day, blood vessels in the transplant presented a similar picture to the normal. 4) Gingival transplantation to gingiva of the tooth neck gave better healing than buccal mucosal transplantation. Moreover, the appearance after operation was more satisfying. 5) The pathohistological findings for this vascular picture agreed in general with the macroscopic appearance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoYoshimitsu en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Yoshimitsu kn-aut-name=岡本全允 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=全允 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部口腔外科学教室 en-keyword=頬粘膜移植 kn-keyword=頬粘膜移植 en-keyword=歯肉移植 kn-keyword=歯肉移植 en-keyword=粘膜移植 kn-keyword=粘膜移植 en-keyword=口腔粘膜 kn-keyword=口腔粘膜 en-keyword=血管新生 kn-keyword=血管新生 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=93 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=227 end-page=247 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1981 dt-pub=19810430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Study of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activityfollowing Cardiopulmonary bypass kn-title=体外循環に関連する血液凝固系線溶系の動向に関する臨床的研究―とくにアンチトロンビンについて― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study measured blood coagulation parameters (especially antithrombin III(ATIII) and α2 macrogrobulin (α2 MG) in man to clarify the behavior of blood coagulation and activity corresponding to extracoporeal circulation (ECC). Patients who were operated on under ECC were classified into three groups according to the time of ECC as follows, Group I less 60 minutes, Group II 60 to 120 minutes and Group III more than 120 minutes. Results: 1) Blood coagulation activity returned to the preoperative value within 24 hours after operation in each group. Although AT III had recovered within 24 hours, group III remained at lower levels than groups I and II. AT III rose significantly in patients who received warfarin after prosthetic valve replacement and maintained a higher value than those of untreated group. Consumption of AT III was more in mitral valve replacement than in aortic valve. 2) Plasminogen and α2 macroglobulin fell after operation and required one week to return to the preoperative level and group III showed lower values than the other groups. Fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were elevated longer after operation in group III. These results suggest that prolonged ECC tends to consume much AT III and α2 MG and to cause to rise in FDP, which may lead to thrombosis and DIC. It would be beneficial to give an anticoagulant drug (warfarin) to maintain higher AT III during the early postoperative period when blood coagulation activity recovers. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakanoKazuo en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name=中野和男 kn-aut-sei=中野 kn-aut-mei=和男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第二外科教室 en-keyword=体外循環 kn-keyword=体外循環 en-keyword=凝固線溶 kn-keyword=凝固線溶 en-keyword=Antithrombin III kn-keyword=Antithrombin III en-keyword=FDP kn-keyword=FDP END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=98 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=20 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1986 dt-pub=19860228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental study of cerebral arterial occlusion -Microangiographical and histopathological findings after middle cerebral arterial occlusion- kn-title=大脳の血管閉塞に関する実験的研究 ―犬における中大脳動脈血管閉塞後のmicroangiography所見と病理組織学的所見について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The most proximal portion of the left middle cerebral artery was occluded through the transorbital approach to produce an experimental ischemic model in dogs. It was confirmed that the middle cerebral artery was successfully occluded without any damage to the brain tissue, the anterior cerebral artery or the internal carotid artery. The 25 adult dogs used in this experiment were sacrificed between the 2nd and 21st day after the arterial occlusion, and microvascular and histopathological studies were done. The histopathological study revealed that the severity and range of infarction was variable. Infarcted areas involving the centrum semiovale and lenticular nuclei, which are mainly fed by the peripheral branches of the lenticulostriate arteries arising from proximal portion of the middle cerebral artery were found in 14 dogs. Extensive wide infarctions of the cortical and subcortical areas in addition to the peripheral territories of the lenticulostriate arteries were detected in 8 other dogs. No infarct was seen in the remaining 3 dogs. The results indicate that the peripheral area of the lenticulostriate artery is likely to be the most easily infarcted region in this experimental model.In 19 of 25 dogs, microangiography using 60% barium sulfate (Micropaque) was performed from the 2nd to the 16th day after the arterial occlusion. A remarkable midline shift to the contralateral side was a predominant finding in 2 dogs examined within 3 days of the arterial occlusion. Extravasation of contrast medium with hypervascularity in the occluded hemisphere was observed in 5 of the 8 dogs examined 4 to 7 days after the arterial occlusion. In one of the 5 dogs with these findings, extravasation was restricted in the centrum semiovale. More extensive extravasation including not only the centrum semiovale but also the internal capsule, caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex was found in 3 other dogs. In another dog, extravasated micropaque perforated via the centrum semiovale into the lateral and third ventricles. In the remaining 3 dogs examined in the same period, extravasation and hypervascularity were not so significant as in the other 5 dogs. In 7 dogs examined more than 7 days after the arterial occlusion, no notable changes in the microangiographical findings such as extravasation or hypervascularity were noted.The results indicate that extravasation and hypervascularity are observed 4 to 7 days after the arterial occlusion in this experimental model, which suggests that vascular vulnerability might be increased to the greatest extent in this period. If true, this hypothesis may give one reason why spontaneous recanalization or surgical reconstruction of occluded vessels in this subacute period not infrequently causes hemorrhagic infarction, followed by further deterioration of symptoms and signs. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KinugasaKazushi en-aut-sei=Kinugasa en-aut-mei=Kazushi kn-aut-name=衣笠和孜 kn-aut-sei=衣笠 kn-aut-mei=和孜 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室 en-keyword=transorbital approach kn-keyword=transorbital approach en-keyword=microangiogram kn-keyword=microangiogram en-keyword=middle cerebral artery occlusion kn-keyword=middle cerebral artery occlusion en-keyword=extravasation kn-keyword=extravasation en-keyword=hemorrhagic infarction kn-keyword=hemorrhagic infarction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=142 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=39 end-page=48 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091021 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Speech Presentation in Richardson's Clarissa: In Comparison with Pamela kn-title=Clarissaにおける発話の表出について ―Pamelaと比較して― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Samuel Richardson firmly believed that "the narrative in the form of correspondence" would give a stronger and more vivid impression than what he describes as "the dry, narrative, unanimated Style" in his Preface to Clarissa. Although his Pamela and Clarissa are both written in the epistolary form, there are considerable differences found in his stylistic features between these two, particularly in terms of speech presentation and the use of reporting verbs. The purpose of this article is to explore linguistically his innovative devices for presenting speeches in Clarissa in comparison with Pamela. Our concern here is not with the extensive varieties of speech presentation, but with those which serve to demonstrate the author's creative skills. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WakimotoKyoko en-aut-sei=Wakimoto en-aut-mei=Kyoko kn-aut-name=脇本恭子 kn-aut-sei=脇本 kn-aut-mei=恭子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Clarissa kn-keyword=Clarissa en-keyword=Pamela kn-keyword=Pamela en-keyword=Richardson kn-keyword=Richardson en-keyword=話法 kn-keyword=話法 en-keyword=伝達動詞 kn-keyword=伝達動詞 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=13 end-page=22 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1980 dt-pub=19800301 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A High-powered Optoelectronic Switch with Picosecond Risetime en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A switch element has been developed so that a kilovolt step voltage should be supplied to a 50Ω transmission line with a subnanosecond rise time. The element is of silicon substrate with high purity and a pair of electrodes is attached by the evaporation process. The switch action is performed by the photoconductivity produced by the laser light pulse. This paper deals with a preliminary analysis, manufacturing processes and experimental results of the optoelectronic switch. A performance of 320V output with less than 4 ns risetime was obtained with sufficient persistence for more than 2×10(5) pulse shots. This switch was successfully applied to an optical waveform monitor for laser light pulses giving a resolution less than 2 ns. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KogaRyuji en-aut-sei=Koga en-aut-mei=Ryuji kn-aut-name=古賀隆治 kn-aut-sei=古賀 kn-aut-mei=隆治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=EbaraMasami en-aut-sei=Ebara en-aut-mei=Masami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KosakaMegumi en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Megumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SanoHiroya en-aut-sei=Sano en-aut-mei=Hiroya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Electronics. affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Electronics. affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Electronics. affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Electronics. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=35 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=9 end-page=19 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2001 dt-pub=20010327 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Ultra-Micro Hardness Testing and Microscopic Deformationof Polycrystalline Aluminum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The evaluation of microscopic inhomogeneity of polycrystalline aluminum is performed by measuring the hardness in respective grains. The recently developed ultra-micro hardness tester is used and the effects of the test pattern, the indentation load and the indenting velocity are examined. Then, the relationship between the increase in the hardness caused by the work hardening and the deformation of respective grains are statistically investigated. The hardness testing mode in which the initial load is applied before the onset of measurement gives more stable results than the testing mode without the initial load. The test condition with the indentation load of 9.8mN and the indentation velocity of 0.2 μm/sec seems to be optimum and gives the least dispersion of the measured values in grains. It is shown that the hardness values of respective grains in polycrystalline aluminum as well as their dispersion increase with the applied plastic strain. Discussion is made on the microscopic deformation behavior of polycrystalline aluminum. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AbeTakeji en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Takeji kn-aut-name=阿部武治 kn-aut-sei=阿部 kn-aut-mei=武治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuboiTomoaki en-aut-sei=Tsuboi en-aut-mei=Tomoaki kn-aut-name=坪井智昭 kn-aut-sei=坪井 kn-aut-mei=智昭 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Engineering and Cooperative Research Center,Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Engineering END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=23 end-page=28 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=20041215 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Analysis of Problems in Family Nursing at Intensive Care Unit of O University Hospital kn-title=O大学病院のICUにおける家族看護の課題―看護記録からの分析― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=To study family cares at an intensive care unit (ICU) in O University Hospital, we clarified problems existing in the family cares by grasping patients' character and their family conditions in reference to patients' past records. On the basis of the nursing records of 128 patients, the patients were classified according to reasons for their stay in ICU, their staying period, and how they had left ICU to examine the necessity for family cares mainly from the point how families' sentiment and behaviors differed depending on patients' staying period in ICU. Nursing practice for family cares was evaluated in consideration of whether information about patients' families had been recorded or not. As a result, nine percents of the patients studied had left ICU by death and in case patients died within 3 days in ICU, no nurses in charge of them had been assigned to or no sufficient follow-up cares had been given to their families, while families' information of all the patients staying in ICU for more than 14 days was recorded, which indicated that nurses could share the information with patients' families to understand them. This research showed the importance not only of giving grief cares to the families who had lost their important person after a short stay in ICU, but also of evaluating continuous cares for families with patients in ICU for a long time, suggesting the need for some revision of the present care system to give mental as well as physical cares to both patients and their families regardless of staying period in ICU. kn-abstract=O大学病院のICUにおける家族看護のあり方を検討するため,過去の記録から入室患者の特性と家族の状況を把握し,課題を明らかにした｡128例の看護記録を資料に,患者の入室理由,入室期間,転帰の状況を分類し,入室期間別の家族の言動等から,家族看護の必要性について検討した｡また,家族に対する看護実践を,家族に関する情報の記載の有無から評価した｡その結果,ICU入室患者の9%が死亡退院で,そのうち受け持ち看護師の決まっていない入室後3日以内に死を迎えた患者の家族へのフォローが充分に行えていなかったこと,また,14日以上の長期入室患者の家族には,全事例に家族に関する情報が 記載されており,看護師が家族の気持ちや疲労感,患者への回想などの語りを捉えていたことが明らかとなった｡今後は,短期間で死亡の転帰となった家族へのグリーフケアや,長期入室患者の家族に対する継続看護の評価が必要である。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WatanabeKumi en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Kumi kn-aut-name=渡邉久美 kn-aut-sei=渡邉 kn-aut-mei=久美 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeuchiKae en-aut-sei=Takeuchi en-aut-mei=Kae kn-aut-name=竹内加恵 kn-aut-sei=竹内 kn-aut-mei=加恵 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkanoHatsue en-aut-sei=Okano en-aut-mei=Hatsue kn-aut-name=岡野初枝 kn-aut-sei=岡野 kn-aut-mei=初枝 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部保健学科看護学専攻 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部・歯学部附属病院集中治療部 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部保健学科看護学専攻 en-keyword=ICU (Intensive Care Unit) kn-keyword=ICU (Intensive Care Unit) en-keyword=家族看護 (Family Nursing) kn-keyword=家族看護 (Family Nursing) en-keyword=クリティカルケア (Critical care) kn-keyword=クリティカルケア (Critical care) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=31 end-page=38 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=20051225 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Caring of the Gynecological Cancer Patients for Their Families And Nursing Support kn-title=女性生殖器がん患者の家族への思いとそれに対する看護援助 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=The purposes of this study are to identify desires of gynecological cancer patients thought for their families and to discuss nursing support to be provided. The subjects are eleven inpatients who had operation after diagnosis of gynecological cancers. Data was collected through semi-constitutive interview and analyzed based on the qualitative deductive method. What the patients most cared about were grouped into five categories: "Family would be impacted by cancer as much as the patients did"; "Sense of burden for making family worried"; "Family became closer and more united"; "Family would give me power to fight against the disease"; and "Change in the attitude toward the family". The patients and the families review their relationship, making them feel closer. Encouragement, understanding and support of the families would give the patients power to fight against the disease and cope with treatment. Nurses should understand the impacts cancer would give both to the patients and their families so that they can successfully help patients to accept treatments. Team support is especially important so that the roles in the family can be adjusted properly. kn-abstract=研究目的は女性生殖器がん患者の家族に対する思いを明らかにし,患者に対する看護援助について考察することである｡対象は女性生殖器がんと診断された後,手術を経験した入院患者11名｡半構成的面接にてデータ収集を行い,内容の分析は質的分析帰納的方法に基づいて行った｡女性生殖器がん患者の家族への思いについては『家族ががんの病気に自分と同じように衝撃を受ける』『心配をかけないために家族を気遣う』『家族関係が密になる』『病気に立ち向かう力を家族から与えられる』『家族に対する考えが変化する』のカテゴリーに分類された｡罹患の体験から関係を見つめなおし,家族関係の親密さを増す｡家族からの励まし,理解と支援を受けることによって患者は病気に立ち向かう力を家族から与えられ,治療に臨む｡看護者は患者と家族双方の衝撃を理解し,罹患をきっかけとした家族関係の変化が患者にとって治療の意欲につながるよう援助すること,家族内役割調整が進むようチーム体制で援助する必要性が示唆された。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KoshizukaKimie en-aut-sei=Koshizuka en-aut-mei=Kimie kn-aut-name=越塚君江 kn-aut-sei=越塚 kn-aut-mei=君江 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KandaKiyoko en-aut-sei=Kanda en-aut-mei=Kiyoko kn-aut-name=神田清子 kn-aut-sei=神田 kn-aut-mei=清子 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujinoFumiyo en-aut-sei=Fujino en-aut-mei=Fumiyo kn-aut-name=藤野文代 kn-aut-sei=藤野 kn-aut-mei=文代 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=財団法人癌研究会癌研有明病院 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=群馬大学医学部保健学科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部保健学科 en-keyword=女性生殖器がん (gynecological cancer patients) kn-keyword=女性生殖器がん (gynecological cancer patients) en-keyword=家族看護 (family nursing) kn-keyword=家族看護 (family nursing) en-keyword=がん看護 (cancer nursing) kn-keyword=がん看護 (cancer nursing) en-keyword=質的研究 (qualitative research) kn-keyword=質的研究 (qualitative research) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=27 end-page=36 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=19940920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Determination of Rb-Sr age for separated chondrules from the Allegan chondrite en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Rb-Sr isotopic study as well as petrologic investigations have been done on sixteen individul chondrule samples separated from the Allegan (H5) chondrite. The Rb-Sr chondrule isochron does not define a very precise age (4.42±0.17 Ga) and 87Sr/86Sr initial ratio (0.6997±0.0014) due to the very small variation in Rb/Sr ratio for the chondrules, whereas the model ages give a much more speciffic value (4.42±0.02 Ga). These ages may probably be indicative of the time of primary process (es) (e.g. chondrule formation) rather than secondary (metamorphic reheating) or tertiary (shock heating) processes in and/or on the H-chodrite parent body (or bodies). Chemical compositions of oliveines (Fa=17.5mol%, mean deviation (MD)=1.3%) and orthopyoxenes (Fs=15.4mol%, MD=3.2%) are moderately homogenized among the chondrules, while certains chemically uneguilibrated features are also distinctly preserved in this chondrite. Homogeneity of the mineral compositions, therefore, could not have been caused by thermal metamorphism but were probably inherited from processes prior to aggregation of the components. The overall implications of the chondrule isochron and model ages in relation to the petrological features and in comparison with Rb-Sr data of other chondrites of different chemical groups and petrologic types are discussed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkanoOsamu en-aut-sei=Okano en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name=岡野修 kn-aut-sei=岡野 kn-aut-mei=修 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiyaNanayo en-aut-sei=Nishiya en-aut-mei=Nanayo kn-aut-name=西谷七代 kn-aut-sei=西谷 kn-aut-mei=七代 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KagamiHiroo en-aut-sei=Kagami en-aut-mei=Hiroo kn-aut-name=加々美寛雄 kn-aut-sei=加々美 kn-aut-mei=寛雄 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Earth Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Institute for study of Earth's Interior, Okayama University en-keyword=chondrule kn-keyword=chondrule en-keyword=age kn-keyword=age en-keyword=Rb-Sr isochron kn-keyword=Rb-Sr isochron en-keyword=Allegan kn-keyword=Allegan en-keyword=H- chondrite kn-keyword=H- chondrite en-keyword=meteorite kn-keyword=meteorite en-keyword=metamorphism kn-keyword=metamorphism en-keyword=olivine kn-keyword=olivine en-keyword=pyroxene kn-keyword=pyroxene END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=136 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=73 end-page=84 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20071025 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Terms of Abuse in Richardson's Pamela: With Special Reference to Figurative Expressions kn-title=RichardsonのPamelaにおける悪態語--人を表す喩えを中心として en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As examined in our previous papers, Richardson's Pamela contains a rich variety of expressions, whether endearing or depreciatory, which are applied to male/female characters in the novel. In succession to Wakimoto(2007c), the present paper continues to examine the terms of abuse found in Pamela. This time, our focus of discussion is on the terms used allusively or figuratively. In figurative language, a referent is substituted by another word or phrase which embodies, in a more effective way, the central features of the referent. It appears quite likely, therefore, that most, if not all, of those which are represented by such rhetorical devices as 'metaphor' or 'metonymy' give more vivid and clearer impressions. Our purpose here in this paper is twofold: first to classify some remarkable of examples of symbolic words in Pamela, and then to make a rough comparison with Fielding's two parodies of it. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WakimotoKyoko en-aut-sei=Wakimoto en-aut-mei=Kyoko kn-aut-name=脇本恭子 kn-aut-sei=脇本 kn-aut-mei=恭子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Pamela kn-keyword=Pamela en-keyword=喩え kn-keyword=喩え en-keyword=悪態語 kn-keyword=悪態語 en-keyword=旧約聖書 kn-keyword=旧約聖書 en-keyword=臨時語 kn-keyword=臨時語 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=47 end-page=52 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19950131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The ideas about nursing course of senior high school teachers. kn-title=進路指導を行う高校教師がもつ今後の看護課程についての認識 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Currently, improvement of nursing curriculum has been done in Japan, including the establishment of a four year course at universitiy, responding to the social needs for man-power for high quality nursing. A questionnaire survey by mail was done in 1993, to get ideas about the nursing course of high school teachers giving advice to students wishing to go on to university or college. Thirty three high school teachers out of a total of 76 schools in Okayama prefecture responded. The results were as follows; 1, Seventeen teachers (51.5%) answered that the increase of a four year course at university would be an incentive to students. Twelve teachers (36.4%) said that it might increase the number of students choosing the course. And also 12 teachers (36.4%) thought that they could recommend this course to students more easily than before. 2, They pointed out the harsh working conditions as the reason for a shortage of nursing manpower. 3, Their reasons why they recommend the nursing course to students were firstly the specialty and secondly devotion to people. kn-abstract=近年、4年制大学の増設をはじめとした看護課程における教育の変革が進められつつある。これは質の高い看護の人材を必要とする社会のニーズに応えたものである。著者らはこれらの看護課程に対する意見を、岡山県下の高校で進路指導をしている教師に尋ね、郵送による質問紙法を用いて33名の回答を得た。その結果、以下のことが分かった。1. 51.5％の教師は、看護大学が増えると進学希望者の関心は呼ぶとしており、36.4％は、学生数の一定の増加があるだろうとしている。また、36.4％は教師の立場から看護課程への進学を勧めやすくなると考えている。2. 高校の教師は看護婦不足の理由として労働条件の厳しさを指摘している。3. 高校教師は進路として看護課程を勧める理由を仕事の専門性と奉仕性を多くあげていた。これらは、高等教育化と看護職のイメージの改善の両方が必要であることを示唆している。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakabatakeHarumi en-aut-sei=Takabatake en-aut-mei=Harumi kn-aut-name=高畑晴美 kn-aut-sei=高畑 kn-aut-mei=晴美 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaedaMakiko en-aut-sei=Maeda en-aut-mei=Makiko kn-aut-name=前田真紀子 kn-aut-sei=前田 kn-aut-mei=真紀子 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtaTakeo en-aut-sei=Ohta en-aut-mei=Takeo kn-aut-name=太田武夫 kn-aut-sei=太田 kn-aut-mei=武夫 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitajimaKouichi en-aut-sei=Kitajima en-aut-mei=Kouichi kn-aut-name=喜多嶋康一 kn-aut-sei=喜多嶋 kn-aut-mei=康一 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoMasuko en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Masuko kn-aut-name=近藤益子 kn-aut-sei=近藤 kn-aut-mei=益子 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医療技術短期大学部看護学科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医療技術短期大学部看護学科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医療技術短期大学部看護学科 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医療技術短期大学部看護学科 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医療技術短期大学部看護学科 en-keyword=看護婦イメージ kn-keyword=看護婦イメージ en-keyword=看護教育 (Nursing education) kn-keyword=看護教育 (Nursing education) en-keyword=高校教師 (Teachers of senior high school) kn-keyword=高校教師 (Teachers of senior high school) en-keyword=Nursing carriculum kn-keyword=Nursing carriculum END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=51 end-page=60 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=19910325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Study of Nursing Care of Dying Patients and Their Families - Ritual Behaviors and Wordings of Nurses - kn-title=死亡直前後に関する看護婦の調査から ―儀礼および言葉を中心に― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for the study of "Nursing care of dying patients and their families". I investigated 59 nurses working at hospitals in Tokushima know their ritual behaviors and their wordings that nurses and their families made for dying patients at moment of their death in the hospital. The results were; 1) Typically, two ritual behaviors were reported at attending patient's death. One was "Tamayobi"; calling dying patient's name to commend his soul to God or Hotoke. Other was "Matugo no mizu", giving water to dying patient to sympathy him. Few nurses didn't know "Tamayobi". Many nurses knew "Mstugo no mizu", however, only a few nurses did it in the hospital. 2) Nurses talked with their families in many ways around their last hours. This wordings included not only to explain dying patient's care, but also to alleviat the grief of their families much more. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakataSetuko en-aut-sei=Takata en-aut-mei=Setuko kn-aut-name=高田節子 kn-aut-sei=高田 kn-aut-mei=節子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医療技術短期大学部看護学科 en-keyword=Tamayobi kn-keyword=Tamayobi en-keyword=Matugo no mizu kn-keyword=Matugo no mizu END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=141 end-page=149 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20070315 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Rows-of-houses Preservation in Maniwa City of Katsuyama Area, Okayama Prefecture kn-title=岡山県真庭市勝山地区の町並み保存活動とその課題 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of the study is to explain the present condition of the rows-of-houses preservation policy of Okayama Prefecture and to examine the samples in Maniwa city, Katsuyama area. Besides, the interview investigation was mainly conducted for residents in the rows-of-houses of preservation area in Katsuyama for giving the concluding remarks about the findings. The traditional private houses in Katsuyama preservation area were partially restored in the 1985-89 and 1993-97 fiscal years by the subsidy from the prefecture. Furthermore, Katsuyamacho at that time founded the subsidy system for maintaining rows-of-houses preservation area (about 25.3 ha) independently in 1993, restored 9 private houses, and made and updated the shop curtains; "Noren". In the point of the observable items, the ground warehouse of structures with gable tile-roofing is visible and it is also in use. Moreover, a latticed window structure, a white wall, and a sea cucumber wall constitute the charm of new rows-of-houses. A stone pavement follows on the riverside at the site facing the Asahi River. There are the remains of an arrival-and-departure place of a flat boat and a brewery, etc. According to our investigation in 2002, the residents were satisfied with "It is easy to live quietly", "the beauty of a natural landscape", "harmony of rows-of-houses and a shop curtain", and "a historical atmosphere", but the recognition of "the creation of active rows-of-houses" was unexpectedly low. Therefore, cooperation between residents and informational sharing are much more required. Consequently, since both the visitors and the residents are satisfied very much with each facilities, such as the whole rows-of-houses, a samurai residence, a brewery, and a restaurant etc., town planning is well organized and attained the priority targets. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LuoYanjuan en-aut-sei=Luo en-aut-mei=Yanjuan kn-aut-name=羅燕娟 kn-aut-sei=羅 kn-aut-mei=燕娟 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchiminamiFumikazu en-aut-sei=Ichiminami en-aut-mei=Fumikazu kn-aut-name=市南文一 kn-aut-sei=市南 kn-aut-mei=文一 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=江蘇大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Rows-of-houses Preservation kn-keyword=Rows-of-houses Preservation en-keyword=Katsuyama area kn-keyword=Katsuyama area en-keyword=Visitors kn-keyword=Visitors en-keyword=Residents kn-keyword=Residents END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=61 end-page=70 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=2002 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Present Condition and Problems of Prior Administrative Guidance, Which are Aimed at Fostering the Capacity for Practical Leadership as a Teacher: In Cooperation with the Lower Secondary School Affiliated to the Faculty of Education, Okayama University, also Known as Fuzoku junior High School kn-title=実践的指導力の育成をめざした事前指導運営の現状と課題―附属中学校との連携を通して― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Fuzoku Junior High School is a place where student teacher have an oppotrunity to teach for the first time. This school performs an important role which allows the student teachers to teach an actual class enabling them thoroughly to understand the students and to acquire practical skills which are necessary in order to become a proficient teacher. Here we give our opinions on the management process and the present condition concerning the prior administrative guidance program, carrying out in cooperation with outside facilities including Fuzoku Junior High School to make student teaching more successful. Then we study about the management of the program and present condition of teaching practice, the feature and the result of the program, the ideal way of cooperation for the future, the problems concerning reform and so on, with all of these in mind we lay stress on prior administrative guidance for undergraduates of the student teaching at Fuzoku Junior High School. kn-abstract=附属学校園は、実習生にとって初めて実習を体験する場であり、かれらが学校現場を把握し子どもたちについて理解を深め、実践的指導力を身につけていく上で重要な役割を果たしている。本稿では、実習をより効力あるものにするために、附属中学校のみならず学外とも連携・協力しながら運営・実施している事前指導のプログラムの運営と現状について述べる。次に、3年次生対象に設定されている附属中学校実習に向けた「事前指導」を中心にして、その運営と現状、特徴と成果、今後の連携の在り方、改革課題等について検討し考察する。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AriyoshiHideki en-aut-sei=Ariyoshi en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name=有吉英樹 kn-aut-sei=有吉 kn-aut-mei=英樹 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajiwaraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Kajiwara en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=梶原敏 kn-aut-sei=梶原 kn-aut-mei=敏 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=教育実習 (teaching practice) kn-keyword=教育実習 (teaching practice) en-keyword=事前指導 (prior administrative guidance) kn-keyword=事前指導 (prior administrative guidance) en-keyword=附属中学校 (Lower Secondary School affiliated to Faculty of Education, University) kn-keyword=附属中学校 (Lower Secondary School affiliated to Faculty of Education, University) en-keyword=実践的指導力 (capacity for practical leadership as a teacher) kn-keyword=実践的指導力 (capacity for practical leadership as a teacher) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=54 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=33 end-page=41 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1979 dt-pub=1979 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=日本とくに北海道の乳牛舎の比較研究 kn-title=Comparative Study of Dairy Cattle Housing in Japan with Special Reference to Hokkaido en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In Japan as in Belgium the cow house should be constructed as a single-floor-building. As well from the point of view of labour requirement ;and animal health as construction costs the loose house with_ cubicles and concrete slatted floors between the cubicle rows, must be preferred above the stanchion barn, when the size of the herd is 25 or more cows. In Hokkaido the loose house and the stanchion barn should be insulated, the latter more than the former ; in Honshu only the stanchion barn and the roof of the loose house must de insulated (K≦1) . Natural ventilation can give complete satisfaction, when it is well regulated. When constructing a stanchion barn, one should build the strawless type in order to reduce labour requirement. Full attention should be given to all construction details in order to avoid injuries with the cows and save labour. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WadaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=和田宏 kn-aut-sei=和田 kn-aut-mei=宏 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatonAndrew en-aut-sei=Maton en-aut-mei=Andrew kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Rijksstation Voor Landbouwtechniek, Ministerie Van Landbouw END