We compared the levels of hepatic enzymes in 220 Japanese men with metabolic syndrome with those in age and sex-matched subjects without the syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defi ned by the new criteria published in Japan, and hepatic enzymes, i.e., aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGTP), were measured. AST, ALT and γGTP in subjects with metabolic syndrome were signifi cantly higher than those in subjects without the syndrome, and metabolic syndrome was closely associated with hepatic enzymes in this cohort of Japanese men.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyatakeNobuyuki en-aut-sei=Miyatake en-aut-mei=Nobuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoSumiko en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Sumiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakinoHirofumi en-aut-sei=Makino en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NumataTakeyuki en-aut-sei=Numata en-aut-mei=Takeyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Southern Institute of Health affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Southern Institute of Health affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Southern Institute of Health en-keyword=metabolic syndrome kn-keyword=metabolic syndrome en-keyword=hepatic enzymes kn-keyword=hepatic enzymes END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=46 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=129 end-page=139 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=199204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Mechanisms in the development of limbic status epilepticus and hippocampal neuron loss: an experimental study in a model of status epilepticus induced by kindling-like electrical stimulation of the deep prepyriform cortex in rats. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A new model of status epilepticus (SE), which was induced by intermittent electrical stimulation (20 Hz for 20 sec every min for 180 min) of the deep prepyriform cortex, has been developed in the conscious rat. SE was induced in 9 of 16 rats in the drug-free group. The number of stimulation trains required to induce SE in this status subgroup was 125.6 +/- 12.7 (mean +/- SEM) and the mean duration of self-sustained seizure activity (SSSA) occurring after cessation of the stimulation session was 295.4 +/- 111.4 min. Some animals showed secondary generalized seizures. Significant cell loss was observed in the hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell layer ipsilateral to the stimulation site and bilateral CA1 areas in the status subgroup compared with the group subjected to sham operation. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the duration of SSSA subsequent to the stimulation session and the total number of intact pyramidal neurons observed in the bilateral CA1 and ipsilateral CA3 subfields of the status subgroup. There were significant differences between the status and non-status subgroups with respect to the number of afterdischarges (ADs) and the total AD duration during the stimulation session. Pretreatment with phenobarbital (30 mg/kg) prevented the development of SE and hippocampal cell loss completely. Pretreatment with MK-801, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (0.25 or 1 mg/kg), also prevented hippocampal cell loss, although it did not block SE generation completely, which suggests dissociation of the mechanisms underlying the development of SE and hippocampal damage. These results indicate that prolonged SSSA actually causes hippocampal damage and it is critically dependent upon NMDA receptor participation.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=InoueKoutaro en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Koutaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimotoKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoKeiko en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaNorihito en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Norihito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukiSaburo en-aut-sei=Otsuki en-aut-mei=Saburo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=status epilepticus kn-keyword=status epilepticus en-keyword=deep prepyriform cortex kn-keyword=deep prepyriform cortex en-keyword=electrical stimulation kn-keyword=electrical stimulation en-keyword=hippcampus kn-keyword=hippcampus en-keyword= N-methl-D-aspartate(NMDA) kn-keyword= N-methl-D-aspartate(NMDA) en-keyword=??-aminobutyric acid(GABA) kn-keyword=??-aminobutyric acid(GABA) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=23 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=497 end-page=503 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1969 dt-pub=196912 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Experimental isovalthinuria. VII. Experiments with radioactive acetate, valine, and leucine en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1. For the settlement of carbon origin of urinary isovalthine, acetic acid-2-C14, valine-U-C14 or leucine-U-C14 was administered to rats together with isovaleric acid as an isovalthinuria inducer, and urinary isovalthine excreted was tested by autoradiography. As the results of which, it was found that these isotopic compounds were not the precursor of urinary isovalthine. Although the isovalthinuria inducing effect of isovaleric acid was fairly diminished by these isotopic compounds, urinary isovalthine was detected by paper electrophoresis. 2. Some metabolic products of these isotopic compounds were also inquired in urine and some tissues. The results were as follows: a) Acetic acid incorporated into urea, aspartate, serine, glutamate, proline, glycine, alanine, ornithine, ethanolamine, r-amino-buthyric acid (brain only), cholesterol and fatty acids. b) Valine incorporated into urinary glutamate and glycine, and tissue cholesterol and fatty acids. Valine was rapidly excreted in urine and found in a very small amount in liver digest. c) Leucine incorporated into urinary aspartate, serine, glutamate and glycine, and tissue cholesterol and fatty acids. 3. Several important problems of isovalthine studies to be elucidated were discussed.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FjiiYoshio en-aut-sei=Fjii en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=37 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=85 end-page=91 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1983 dt-pub=198304 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Metabolism of 3-mercaptopyruvate in rat tissues. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Metabolism of 3-mercaptopyruvate was investigated using homogenates of rat heart, liver and kidney. When 3-mercaptopyruvate was incubated with heart homogenate, L-cysteine, L-alanine, S-(2-hydroxy-2-carboxyethylthio)-L-cysteine and 3-mercaptolactate were produced. At the same time, a decrease in the amounts of L-glutamate and L-aspartate was demonstrated. These results indicate that 3-mercaptopyruvate was converted to L-cysteine by cysteine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.3), to 3-mercaptolactate by lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), and to pyruvate by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (EC 2.8.1.2), and that HCETC and L-alanine were formed from these products. In the presence of liver homogenate, 3-mercaptopyruvate was mainly metabolized by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase; production of L-cysteine was small and HCETC was not formed. The metabolism of 3-mercaptopyruvate in the presence of kidney homogenate was intermediate between heart and liver: a fair amount of L-cysteine was formed, but HCETC was not produced. A peak which corresponds to L-cysteine-glutathione disulfide on the chromatogram of amino acid analysis was present when 3-mercaptopyruvate was incubated with heart or liver homogenate, but not with kidney homogenate.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KiguchiShozo en-aut-sei=Kiguchi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=3-mercaptopyruvate kn-keyword=3-mercaptopyruvate en-keyword=L-cysteine kn-keyword=L-cysteine en-keyword=3-mercaptolactate kn-keyword=3-mercaptolactate en-keyword=S-(2-hydroxy-2-carboxyethylthio)-L-cysteine kn-keyword=S-(2-hydroxy-2-carboxyethylthio)-L-cysteine en-keyword=L-cysteine-glutathione disulfide kn-keyword=L-cysteine-glutathione disulfide END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=63 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=273 end-page=280 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=200910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of Brewer's Yeast-Induced Pyrexia on Aminophylline-Elicited Convulsions in Mice en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Theophylline-associated convulsions have been observed most frequently in children with fever, but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the basic mechanism of aminophylline [theophylline-2-ethylenediamine]-induced convulsions and the effects of Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in mice. Diazepam (5-10mg/kg, i.p.), a benzodiazepine receptor agonist, significantly prolonged the onset and significantly decreased the incidence of convulsions induced by aminophylline (350mg/kg, i.p.). However, the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor agonist muscimol (1-4mg/kg, i.p.), the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen (2-4mg/kg, i.p.) and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist dizocilpine (0.1-0.3mg/kg, i.p.) failed to protect against the convulsions. 20% Brewer's yeast (0.02ml/g, s.c.) increased body temperature by 1.03, and also significantly shortened the onset and significantly increased the incidence of convulsions induced by aminophylline. The anticonvulsant action of diazepam (2.5-10mg/kg, i.p.) on the convulsions induced by aminophylline was reduced by Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia. The proconvulsant actions of the GABAA receptor antagonists picrotoxin (3-4mg/kg, i.p.) and pentylenetetrazol (40-60mg/kg, i.p.) were enhanced by Brewer's yeast. These results suggest that the anticonvulsant action of diazepam against aminophylline is reduced by Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia, and that GABAA receptors are involved in the aggravation of the convulsions by Brewer's yeast in mice.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OchiRika en-aut-sei=Ochi en-aut-mei=Rika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuemaruKatsuya en-aut-sei=Suemaru en-aut-mei=Katsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawasakiHiromu en-aut-sei=Kawasaki en-aut-mei=Hiromu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArakiHiroaki en-aut-sei=Araki en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=theophylline kn-keyword=theophylline en-keyword=seizures kn-keyword=seizures en-keyword=pyrexia kn-keyword=pyrexia en-keyword=Brewer's yeast kn-keyword=Brewer's yeast en-keyword=GABAA receptor kn-keyword=GABAA receptor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=279 end-page=283 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1987 dt-pub=198712 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Transamination of L-cysteine sulfinate in the growing rat. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The enzyme activities involved in the transamination of L-cysteine sulfinate (L-alanine 3-sulfinic acid), L-aspartate and L-cysteine were examined in fetal, neonatal and maternal rat liver and placenta. In fetal and neonatal rat liver, aminotransferase activity was most active with L-cysteine sulfinate as a substrate and was also active with L-aspartate, while activity with L-cysteine was very low. The activity of transamination of L-cysteine sulfinate in rat liver developed in parallel with that of L-aspartate and L-cysteine. The aminotransferase activity markedly increased after the 19th day of gestation, reaching the same value as adult liver on the 3rd day after birth. The ratios of transamination of L-cysteine sulfinate to that of L-aspartate and to that of L-cysteine were constant during development. These observations suggest that L-cysteine sulfinate, L-aspartate and L-cysteine are transaminated by the same enzyme in the rat liver during development. Since placental aminotransferase activity was extremely low compared with that of the liver, it was suggested that the placenta did not play an important role in the transamination of these amino acids during pregnancy.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AkahoriShuichiro en-aut-sei=Akahori en-aut-mei=Shuichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=EjiriKohei en-aut-sei=Ejiri en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanemoriHirofumi en-aut-sei=Kanemori en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KudoTakafumi en-aut-sei=Kudo en-aut-mei=Takafumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SekibaKaoru en-aut-sei=Sekiba en-aut-mei=Kaoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UbukaToshihiko en-aut-sei=Ubuka en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiReiko en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Reiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Prefectural Junior College en-keyword=L-cysteine sulfinate kn-keyword=L-cysteine sulfinate en-keyword=transamination kn-keyword=transamination en-keyword=rat liver kn-keyword=rat liver en-keyword=developmental change kn-keyword=developmental change en-keyword=placenta kn-keyword=placenta END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=27 end-page=30 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=195904 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Amino acid concentra?tion in different parts of the dog brain en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The present paper describes each pattern of the free amino acids in different parts of the dog brain determined by ion-exchange chromatography. The parts examined have been the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar vermis, caudate nucleus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and medulla oblongata. Gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration was the highest in the hypothalamus. Glutamic acid showed lower values in the white matter, hypothalamus, and medulla oblongata. Aspartic acid showed lower values in the white matter and caudate nucleus and higher values in the medulla oblongata. Glutathione and cystathionine showed higher values in the thalamus. N-Acetylaspartic acid showed lower values in the white matter and medulla oblongata. Glycine and alanine showed higher values in the medulla oblongata.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkumuraNikichi en-aut-sei=Okumura en-aut-mei=Nikichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukiSaburo en-aut-sei=Otsuki en-aut-mei=Saburo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukaiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Fukai en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=62 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=21 end-page=28 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200802 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Critical Differences in Magnitude and Duration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Activation between Long-term Potentiation (LTP) and Long-term Depression (LTD) Induction en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The induction of both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampal CA1 region is triggered by the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the subsequent postsynaptic intracellular Ca2+ increase. However, how NMDA receptor activation differs between LTP and LTD induction is unclear. In the present study, we examined the eff ects of the magnitude and duration of NMDA receptor activation on the induction of LTP and LTD. Partial blockage of NMDA receptors by a low concentration of aminophosphonovaleric acid (APV)(2 μM) prevented the induction of LTP, but not LTD. In contrast, a high concentration of APV(25 μM) blocked both LTP and LTD. Tetanus stimulation-induced LTP was impaired when hippocampal slices were given the tetanus stimulation for more than 5 min. Under partial blockage of NMDA receptors, the prolonged-tetanus stimulation induced LTD but not LTP. This phenomenon was mimicked by the application of glutamate to the slices. Finally, LTD induced by prolonged activation of NMDA receptors was not aff ected by inhibition of the desensitization of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5 methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. These results suggest that critical diff erences exist between the induction of LTP and that of LTD in terms of both the magnitude and the duration of NMDA receptor activation. The duration of the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration may be critical for determining whether LTP or LTD induction occurs.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaniikeNaoki en-aut-sei=Taniike en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=LuYun-Fei en-aut-sei=Lu en-aut-mei=Yun-Fei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomizawaKazuhito en-aut-sei=Tomizawa en-aut-mei=Kazuhito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuiHideki en-aut-sei=Matsui en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=LTP kn-keyword=LTP en-keyword=LTD kn-keyword=LTD en-keyword=NMDA receptor kn-keyword=NMDA receptor en-keyword=learning and memory kn-keyword=learning and memory en-keyword=hippocampus kn-keyword=hippocampus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=29 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=241 end-page=247 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1975 dt-pub=197508 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Studies on the metabolism of beta-hydroxy- aspartic acid en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The content of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid was measured in the urine of man and several species of animals. The configuration of urinary beta-hydroxyaspartic acid was deduced to be L-erythro in form by chromatographic comparisons with authentic samples. An increased excretion of urinary beta-hydroxyaspartic acid was observed in cats when serine or thiamine was administered with glycine. Glycine-1-14C administered to rats was incorporated into the urinary beta-hydroxyaspartic acid. The formation of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid in pig-liver homogenate increased in the presence of glutamate and thiamine pyrophosphate. These results were discussed in relation to the author's working hypothesis on the biosynthesis of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IkegamiTakuma en-aut-sei=Ikegami en-aut-mei=Takuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=36 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=187 end-page=197 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1982 dt-pub=198206 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Purification and characterization of cysteine aminotransferase from rat liver cytosol. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Cysteine aminotransferase (L-cysteine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.3) was purified over 400-fold from the high-speed supernatant fraction of rat liver. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by gel filtration, isoelectric focusing and disc electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was about 74,000 by gel filtration and the isoelectric point was 6.2 (4 degrees C). The enzyme catalyzed transamination between L-cysteine and 2-oxoglutarate and the reverse reaction. The optimum pH was 9.7. The Km value for L-cysteine was 22.2 mM, and that for 2-oxoglutaric acid was 0.06 mM. L-Aspartate was a potent inhibitor of the cysteine aminotransferase reaction. The enzyme was very active toward L-alanine 3-sulfinic acid at pH 8.0, and was also very active toward L-aspartic acid (Km = 1.6 mM). Ratios of activities for L-aspartic acid and L-cysteine were essentially constant during the purification of the enzyme. Evidence based on substrate specificity, enzyme inhibition, and physicochemical properties indicates that cytosolic cysteine aminotransferase is identical with cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1).
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AkagiReiko en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Reiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=cysteine aminotransferase kn-keyword=cysteine aminotransferase en-keyword=enzyme purification kn-keyword=enzyme purification en-keyword=aspartate aminotransferase kn-keyword=aspartate aminotransferase END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=61 end-page=68 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=199504 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Changes in dopamine D2 and GluR-1 glutamate receptor mRNAs in the rat brain after treatment with phencyclidine. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In situ hybridization of slide-mounted brain sections from rats subjected to acute and chronic phencyclidine treatment was carried out using synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to dopamine D2-receptor and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate-receptor-subunit (GluR-1) mRNAs. There was no significant difference in either the D2-receptor or the GluR-1 mRNA levels in any brain region of the acute phencyclidine (10 mg/kg)-treated and control groups. However, chronic administration of phencyclidine (10 mg/kg/day, 14 days) significantly decreased the dopamine D2-receptor mRNA level in the caudate-putamen (by 27%, P < 0.01) and significantly increased the GluR-1 mRNA level in the prefrontal cortex (by 29%, P < 0.001). These results suggest that the chronic pharmaco-behavioral effects of phencyclidine may involve expression of both dopamine- and non-NMDA glutamate-receptor mRNAs.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TomitaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Tomita en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HikijiMitsuru en-aut-sei=Hikiji en-aut-mei=Mitsuru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraYutaka en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkiyamaKazufumi en-aut-sei=Akiyama en-aut-mei=Kazufumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukiSaburo en-aut-sei=Otsuki en-aut-mei=Saburo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=dopamone D2 receptor kn-keyword=dopamone D2 receptor en-keyword=GluR-1 glutamate reseptor kn-keyword=GluR-1 glutamate reseptor en-keyword=mRNA kn-keyword=mRNA en-keyword=phencyclidine kn-keyword=phencyclidine en-keyword=in situ hybridization kn-keyword=in situ hybridization END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=75 end-page=79 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=199504 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of Picibanil (OK 432) on the Scavenging Effect of Free Radicals Produced during Liver Regeneration in the Rat en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We administered a biological response modifier Picibanil (OK-432), attenuated Streptococcus pyogenes, via the dorsal vein of the penis after 70% hepatectomy in rats, and clarified the scavenging effect of Picibanil on free radicals generated in the regenerating liver. A group of 5 rats was intravenously administered with 25 KE/kg of OK-432 after hepatectomy, while the control group was given saline after hepatectomy. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and the value of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum and hepatic tissue after hepatectomy were serially measured, and these values were significantly lower in Picibanil treated animals than in control animals. Free radical production in the regenerating liver was also measured by electron spin resonance spectrometry, and OK-432 injection significantly reduced free radical production. These results suggested that OK-432 reduced hepatocellular damage in regenerating liver by inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoKo en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Ko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamazakiKeisuke en-aut-sei=Hamazaki en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwagakiHiromi en-aut-sei=Iwagaki en-aut-mei=Hiromi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OritaKunzo en-aut-sei=Orita en-aut-mei=Kunzo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriAkitane en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Akitane kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=Picibanil kn-keyword=Picibanil en-keyword=free radicals kn-keyword=free radicals en-keyword=hepatectomy kn-keyword=hepatectomy en-keyword=liver damage kn-keyword=liver damage END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=38 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=375 end-page=380 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1984 dt-pub=198408 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Transaminative metabolism of L-cysteine in guinea pig liver and kidney. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Transaminative metabolism of L-cysteine was investigated using homogenates of guinea pig liver and kidney. L-Cysteine was transaminated in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate and the homogenate of either liver or kidney. S-(2-Hydroxy-2-carboxyethylthio)cysteine (HCETC) (3-mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfide) was formed by liver homogenate, but the amount was very small. On the other hand, a relatively large amount of HCETC was formed in the presence of kidney homogenate. Transamination between 3-mercaptopyruvate and certain amino acids was catalyzed actively by both liver and kidney homogenates in the presence of L-glutamate. However, more half-cysteine was formed by liver than kidney, and more HCETC was produced by kidney than liver. L-Glutamate was the most potent amino donor, and L-aspartate strongly inhibited the reaction. Results indicate that L-cysteine can be transaminated both in liver and kidney of the guinea pig, and that kidney is more active than liver. 2-Oxoglutarate is the most active 2-oxo acid for cysteine transamination. Oxaloacetate (and aspartate in the reverse reaction) is inhibitory to the reaction. These results are in agreement with the previous conclusion that cysteine aminotransferase is identical with aspartate aminotransferase.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMiyabi en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Miyabi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosakiYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Hosaki en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UbukaToshihiko en-aut-sei=Ubuka en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=cysteine kn-keyword=cysteine en-keyword=transamination kn-keyword=transamination en-keyword=guinea pig kn-keyword=guinea pig en-keyword=mercaptopyruvate kn-keyword=mercaptopyruvate en-keyword=mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfide kn-keyword=mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfide END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=1-4 article-no= start-page=163 end-page=172 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19560430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the metabolism of B. dysenteriae Report 2: Mutual action between two substrates kn-title=赤痢菌の代謝に関する研究 第2篇 細菌代謝に於ける二基質の相互作用 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study is carried out to determine the mechanism of mutual action between two substrates which act to accelerate bacterial respiration by their mutual action. From the results of some experiments with some strains of B. dysenteriae, such as Sh. dysenteri 3, Sh. flexneri 1. Sh. flexneri 3, two types of mechanism of the action was discovered, they are as follows. (1) In the case of succinate and aspartate, or succinate and glutamate, these combinations of substrates can accelerate the respiration as compared in the case of each substrate alone. The mechanism of this mutual action included aspartate ? glutamate reaction. (2) In the case of couples in which one substrate is glucose, pyruvate, or succinate and another is tartarate, citrate, histidine, tryptophane, tyrosine, or lysine, these couples of substrates can acceletate the respiration too, in spite of the fact that the latter substrates cannot be oxidized when they are added alone to organisms. The mechanism of this mutual action includes the phosphorous metabolism coupling with oxidation, and addition of the substrates such as tartrate, citrate, etc. to glucose, pyruvate, etc. seemed to activate ATP ? ADP reaction. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuuraYoshiyuki en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Yoshiyuki kn-aut-name=松浦慶之 kn-aut-sei=松浦 kn-aut-mei=慶之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学細菌学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=5-1 article-no= start-page=2127 end-page=2132 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590415 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Nitrogen Metabolism of the Brain Part 14 Influences Sodium Monofluoracetate on Ammonia, Glutamine and Amino Acids in the Rat Brain kn-title=脳の窒素代謝 第14篇 モノ弗化醋酸ナトリウム投与大黒鼠脳髄アンモニア，グルタミン並びにアミノ酸量 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Administering the Sodium Monofluoracetate, SMFA, to the rat, the quantitative determination of ammonia and glutamine in the rat brain was made by the Conway's microdiffusion analysis and on the other hand amino acids by the paperchromatography. The results as follow, To wit: 1) In the convulsion stage caused by SMFA administration, ammonia content in its brain was 2.18 mg%, glutamine 63.9 m%, glutamic acid 120.7 mg%, γ-aminobutylic acid 25.2 mg% and aspartic acid 42.8 mg%. 2) About the hourly observation after the SMFA adiministration to the rat. a) Ammonia content in its brain showed gradual increase in 4 hours up to 4 times of control value. b) Glutamic acid content showed always low level in 4 hours but the lowest one in the first one hour. c) Glutamine content also decreased in all 4 hours, remarkably at the first and thlast. d) γ-amino butylic acid content decreased. e) Aspartic acid content increased remarkably in the first 10 minutes, and then decreased. But it showed remarkably increased at the 4th hour again. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OtaTsuneko en-aut-sei=Ota en-aut-mei=Tsuneko kn-aut-name=太田典子 kn-aut-sei=太田 kn-aut-mei=典子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=4677 end-page=4682 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19581231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Free Amino-Nitrogen of the Brain Tissue. Part 2: Postmortem Changes of the Free Amino Acids in the Rat Brain kn-title=脳のアミノ窒素 第二編 死後変化としてのダイコクネズミ脳遊離アミノ酸量の消長 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Quantative changes in the contents of amino-nitrogen, ammonia and individual amino acids during the incubation of fresh rat brain tissue were investigated. Suspensions or slices of the fresh brains were incubated at 37℃ , pH 7.4. Amino-nitrogen was estimated by the modified ninhydrin colorimetric method, and ammonia by the Conway's micro-diffusion analysis. Contents of the individual amino acids and the related compounds of the brain suspensions before and after incubation were also determined. Ion exchange chromatography was employed for this purpose. 1) In the suspensions anaerobically incubated, a rapid increase of amino-nitrogen was found; this increase ceased within about one hour after start of the incubation, showing no further increase during the second hour. The liberation of amino-nitrogen was found to be more rapid in the white matter than in the grey matter of the rabbit brain. 2) In the cases of the brain slices, the increase in amino-nitrogen was a little slower and more protracted, being remarkably disturbed by the addition of glucose. The ammonia contents during incubation showed a relatively slow increase without paralleling with the increase of amino-nitrogen. During the period when the tissue samples were prepared at O℃ ., rapid ammonia formation was recognized while amino-nitrogen remained almost constant. 3) Several amino acids such as serine, glycine, alanine. aspartic acid and γ-aminobutylic acid increased after incubation of one hour, glutathione and N-acetylaspartic acid rather decreased. 4) It appears that this remarkable increase in amino-nitrogen observed during a few hours after death might be due to the effect of "neutral proteinase" as reported by Ansell & Richter. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YunoueShigeru en-aut-sei=Yunoue en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name=湯之上茂 kn-aut-sei=湯之上 kn-aut-mei=茂 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=4669 end-page=4675 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19581231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Nitrogen Metabolism of the Brain Part 13. Studies on Ammonia and Amino Acids in the Brain of the Rattus given DMAE, LSD, Frenquel, and various other Drugs on Electric Shock kn-title=脳の窒素代謝 第13編 DMAE, LSD, Frenquel投与, 及び.各種薬剤・電撃併用時大黒鼠脳髄アンモニア並びにアミノ酸について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=After treating Rattus with various drugs the author measured the amounts of free ammonia and glutamine in the brain of the test animals by Conway's micro-diffusion analysis and the amino acid content by paper chromatography. The results are as follows: 1. In the brain of the Rattus receiving acute administration of DMAE it has been found that the contents of ammonia, glutamic acid, γ-amino butylic acid, and aspartic acid are increased, but the content of glutamine alone is decreased. 2. In the cases receiving acute admins tration of LSD, a slight decrease in ammonia and glutamine has been recognized, but no marked changes in the amounts of glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Only γ-amino butylic acid has been found to have dec reased. 3. In the cases receiving acute administration of Frenquel, ammonia, glutamine, giutamic acid and γ-amino butyli acid are all decreased, whereas only aspartic acid shows no marked changes. 4. In the cases receiving acute administration of Isomytal, the ammonia content in the brain is markedly decreased, but when electric shock is given under this condition, the ammonia content in the brain increases to that above normal. 5. In the cases receiving acute administration of Reserpine, ammonia decseases markedly, but even when electric shock is given under this condition, there is no increase in the amount of ammonia. 6. When electric shock is given to the Rattus whose ammonia content in the brain has previously been increased by administration of Philopon, no further increase in the ammonia content can be elicited. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IharaKano en-aut-sei=Ihara en-aut-mei=Kano kn-aut-name=伊原可能 kn-aut-sei=伊原 kn-aut-mei=可能 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=4219 end-page=4224 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19581130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Nitrogen Metabolism of the Brain Part 12. A Study on Ammonia and Amino Acids in the Brain of the Rattus Administered with Philopon, Ritalin or Meratran kn-title=脳の窒素代謝 第12編 ヒロポン,リタリン,メラトラン投与大黒鼠脳髄のアンモニア並びにアミノ酸について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author estimated the quantity of ammonia in the brain of the Rattus administered with such drugs as philopon, ritalin or meratran by Conway's diffusion analysis, and also the quantity of amino acids by the paperchromatography. The following are the results: 1. In the case of acute administration of philopon, the amount of ammonia in the Rattus brain increases markedly, while on the contrarily in the case of chronic administration it tends to decrease. Moreover, in the case of chronic administration all amino acids in the brain show a decreasing tendency. 2. In the case of acute administration of ritalin both ammonia and glutamic acid increase in the Rattus brain, whereas in the case of chronic adminstration the brain ammonia rather tends to decrease. 3. In the case of acute adminiattration of meratran, ammonia, glutamic acids, and aspartic acid all increase in the Rattus brain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IharaKano en-aut-sei=Ihara en-aut-mei=Kano kn-aut-name=伊原可能 kn-aut-sei=伊原 kn-aut-mei=可能 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=3-2 article-no= start-page=1335 end-page=1358 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590315 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pentose Metabolism of Bacteria Part 1 Utilization of pentoses by growing cells Part 2 Oxidation of pentoses by resting cells kn-title=細菌の五炭糖代謝 第1篇 発育菌の五炭糖の分解 第2篇 静止菌の五炭糖の酸化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Using the growing cells of Sal. typhi Sh. flexneri, Sh. sonnei, E. coli, A. aerogenes, Staph. aureus, Staph. albus and Staph. citreus, all of those were obtained from the departmental stock, the author investigated the effects of ribose, arabinose or xylose on growth as C-source and the decomposition of these pentoses during their growth. Following results were obtained. 1) Any pentoses added on the media containing the minimal essential dose of N-source and vitamins could not support the growth of Sh. sonnei and E. coli. Ribose could be served as C-source for the growth of Sal. typhi, Sh. flexneri, Staph. aureus, and Staph. citreus, while arabinose and xylose could not be so. Any pentose tested served well as C-source on the growth of E. coli when aspartic acid was added at the same time as N-source besides ammonium salt. In the case of A. aerogenes the pentoses showed the same effect even though additional aspartic acid was not present. 2) When peptone was added to media as N-source, any bacteria tested could consume these pentoses in the media. Also it was noticed that Sal. typhi Sh. sonnei, E. coli and A. aerogenes adapted to the pentoses because of their increased consumption of the sugars with the passage of culture generations. However, the adaptation was not found in the case of Staph. aureus, Staph. albus and Staph citreus. Using the resting cells of Sal. typhi, Sh. flexneri, Sh. sonnei, E. coli, A. aerogenes, Staph. aureus, Staph. albus and Staph. citreus, the auther studied oxydation of ribose, arabinose and xylose, and obtained the following results. 1) From the comparative study of pentoses oxidation abilities of the bacteria, grown on nutrient agar media, it was found E. coli and A. aerogenes had relatively great ability to ribose, however, the others showed low abilities to these pentoses. 2) In the case of Staph. aureus, Staph. albus and Staph. citreus, the oxidative abilities to the pentoses greatly depended upon the age of culture, while in the other bacteria, the ability was not so much dependable. 3) Sal. typhi, Sh. flexneri and Sh. sonnei showed slight uptake of oxygen with addition of one of the pentoses, but the uptake of oxygen markedly increased when the pentose was added with glucose at the same time. 4) When culture passed through generations on the media containing any one of the pentoses, any bacteria except Staphylococcus adapted to the corresponding sugar. 5) It seemed that the pentoses were oxidized to pyruvate by any bacteria except Staphylococcns, and pyruvate formed was in turn decomposed thoroughly, but partly it turned to and accumlated as lactate or acetate. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AkagiTakashi en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=赤木孝 kn-aut-sei=赤木 kn-aut-mei=孝 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2-2 article-no= start-page=791 end-page=798 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Brain Hexokinase Part V. On hexokinase in the cerebral cortex of epileptics kn-title=脳hexokinaseに関する研究 第3編 真正癲癇患者大脳皮質のhexokinaseについて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The hexokinase activity in the human cerebral cortex of the epileptics as well as the non-epileptics was measured, and the influences of glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid upon the activity were evaluated and compared. The results were as follows. 1) The hexokinase activity in the cerebral cortex of the genuine epileptics is generally decreased, compared with that of the non-epileptics. 2) This decrease in the epiliptics is recovered and increased by asparagine, glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid and glutamine. 3) α-Ketoglutaric acid markedly inhibits the hexokinase activity even in the epileptics. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamadaTakahiko en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Takahiko kn-aut-name=山田孝彦 kn-aut-sei=山田 kn-aut-mei=孝彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2-2 article-no= start-page=785 end-page=790 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Brain Hexokinase Part U. On hexokinase in the cerebral cortex of rabbits with latent cerebral local anaphylaxis kn-title=腦hexokinaseに関する研究 第2編 潜在性脳局所アナフィラキシー家兎大脳皮質のhexokinaseについて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Latent cerebral local anaphylaxis (LCLA) has been experimentally probed to be an epileptic disposition and a state of arrangement of convulsion by many reports. The author measured the hexokinase activity in the cerebral cortex of rabbits with latent cerebral local anaphylaxis which was experimentally influenced by the use of glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid and the following results were obtained. 1) The hexokinase activity in the cerebral cortex of rabbits with LCLA is decreased, compared with that of normal rabbits. 2) Asparagine markedly accelerates the activity, while γ-aminobutyric acid does slightly. 3) Glutamic acid, glutamine or aspartic acid has almost no influence on the activity. 4) α-Ketoglutaric acid shows a marked inhibition to the activity as seen in normal rabbits. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamadaTakahiko en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Takahiko kn-aut-name=山田孝彦 kn-aut-sei=山田 kn-aut-mei=孝彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2-2 article-no= start-page=779 end-page=784 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Brain Hexokinase. Part T. On hexokinase in the cerebral cortex of rabbits kn-title=腦hexokinaseに関する研究 第1編 家兎大脳皮質のhexokinaseについて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The hexokinase activity in the cerebral cortex of normal rabbits was measured by Longs method and the influences of fluoride, Ca ion, glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid upon the hexokinase activity were also evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) The fluoride shows the maximum inhibition to the hexokinase activity at 0.5M of its concentration, and the inhibition rather decreases at higher concentration. 2) Ca ion shows an increasing inhibition as its concentration increases. 3) When asparagine or glutamic acid is added, the activity is markedly accelerated. 4) γ-Aminobutyric acid accelerates slightly the activity of the cerebral hexokinase and markedly that of the heart muscle hexokinase. 5) α-Ketoglutaric acid markedly inhibits the activity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamadaTakahiko en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Takahiko kn-aut-name=山田孝彦 kn-aut-sei=山田 kn-aut-mei=孝彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=2547 end-page=2552 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Comparative Study on the Action of Aureomycin and Terramycin kn-title=微生物に対するオーレオマイシンとテラマイシンの作用の比較 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Both of aureomycin and terramycin belong to the tetracycline, and their action has been considered to be nearly the same. The authors made a comparative study on the action of aureomycin and terramycin and obtained the following results: 1) The respiration of Escherichia coli in the presence of glucose, pyruvate, aspartate and glutamate is markedly inhibited by both of aureomycin and terramycin. The respiration inhibitory action of aureomycin is quantitatively about 3 times higher than that of terramycin. 2) The respiration of Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima) in the presence of glutamate, alanine, pyruvate and lactate is inhibited by both of aureomycin and terramycin. As for the respiration inhibitory action, aureomycin is quantitatively about 3 times stronger than terramycin. 3) The respiration of M. pyogenes var. sureus (Terashima) in the presence of glucose is not inhibited by aureomycin or terramycin, but is rather accelerated by these, particularly by terramycin. 4) As for the growth inhibitory action, aureomycin is somewnat stronger than terramycin. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YabeYoshiro en-aut-sei=Yabe en-aut-mei=Yoshiro kn-aut-name=矢部芳郎 kn-aut-sei=矢部 kn-aut-mei=芳郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakayamaGoro en-aut-sei=Nakayama en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=中山五郎 kn-aut-sei=中山 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiSei en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Sei kn-aut-name=林生 kn-aut-sei=林 kn-aut-mei=生 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HashimotoRyohei en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Ryohei kn-aut-name=橋本良平 kn-aut-sei=橋本 kn-aut-mei=良平 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoShigetada en-aut-sei=Ono en-aut-mei=Shigetada kn-aut-name=小野繁忠 kn-aut-sei=小野 kn-aut-mei=繁忠 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2-1 article-no= start-page=415 end-page=432 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Enzymatic Properties of Sal. typhi (T) Part 1. The Enzymatic Activity of the Cells Shaken for a Certain Period of Time without Addition of Substrate Part 2. The Enzymatic Activity of Cells Shaken for a certain period of time with Addtion of Substrate kn-title=チフス菌の酵素的性状(T) 第1編 基質無添加に於て振盪した菌体の酵素活性 第2編 各種基質を加えて振盪した菌の酵素活性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Shaking cell suspensions without addition of substrate, O(2)-uptakes were compared in the cases where C source was added as the substrate and in those where amino acids were added as the substrate, after 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 hours respectively; and the following results were obtained: 1. The O(2)-uptake in the case using C source as the substrate is generally diminished in proportion to the length of time the cell suspension was shaken, but the degree of such a diminition varies with substrate. In the case using the C source other than succinate the diminition in O(2)-consumption after the first hour's shaking is marked. In comparing the O(2)-uptake-time curves of shaken cells, on the whole the curve is relatively straight, whereas in the control, cells not shaken, the O(2)-consumption generally decreases by 60 minutes and the curve is a downward curvature. 2. Of amino acids in the case where aspartate or glutamate is used as the substrate, O(2)-uptake rather increases after shaking for 2.5〜5 hours. In the case where valine or histidine is used as the substrate, although in the control cells no difference can be seen from endogenous O(2)-utake, shaken cells show differences. 3. The facts mentioned in (1) and (2) seem to indicate that substances existing in cells possiblly playing the role of substrate are consumed by shaking. Shaking after the addition of such a higher C source as glucose and observing cells while a portion of the substrate still remains, the O(2) uptake is greater when the substrate used is such a higher C source or substances closely related to the oxidation pathway. In contrast to this, in the case of cells where the added substance is completely consumed by shaking, the O(2)-uptake is greater when the substances added are such terminal substances of the oxida ion pathway as lactate, pyruvate and acetate. This fact seems to reflect the changes in the arrangement of the enzyme system of cells in the course of oxidation of the subtances added at the time of shaking. In the case of cells shaken after the addition of alanine, aspartate, or glutamate, the O(2)uptake in the cases where substrates are such as aspartate and glutamate besides the substance added at the time of shaking is rather great. This seems to be due to the adaptability of cells to any one of amino acids because of the transamination taking place during the shaking. Moreover, the enzymatic activity of cells is gonerally greater when shaken after the addition of some substances than when shaken without addition of substrate. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TagawaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Tagawa en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name=田川哲也 kn-aut-sei=田川 kn-aut-mei=哲也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2-1 article-no= start-page=405 end-page=413 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Metabolism of Leptospira Part U On the respiratory metabolism of Leptospira hebdomadis kn-title=レプトスピラの代謝に関する研究 第2編 レプトスピラ・ヘブドマーデイスの呼吸に就いて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to investigate the enzyme activity of L. hebdomadis stock-cultured in author's department, the oxidation of some sugars, carbonic acids and amino acids by the resting organism cultured on vovine serum supplemented Korthof's media was studied. And the results were as follows. 1) It was found that L. hebdomadis was capable of aerobic metabolism as like as L. icterohaemorrhagiae. 2) In the light of sugar metabolism, the organism had the higher enzyme activity to hexose oxidation: but it had remarkably low to pentose oxidation. The oxidative activities on carbonic acids and amino acids was lower than that of true bacteria, though the activity on some substrates, i. e. aspartic acid, glutamic acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, and lactic acid, was fairly high. 3) The organism showed the transamination reactions between glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and also between glutamic acid and alanine. 4) Although the author caried out the experiment of additional effect of KCN, NaF, monoiodacetic acid, sodium arsenite, Mg(++) and Fe(++) in order to investigate the metabolic pathway of glucose, it could not establish the metabolic pathway so far as the results obtained. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IzumiYasuji en-aut-sei=Izumi en-aut-mei=Yasuji kn-aut-name=泉康治 kn-aut-sei=泉 kn-aut-mei=康治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=2355 end-page=2361 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Enzymatic Properties of Sh. Sonnei, S Type and R Type Part 1. Growing Cells kn-title=Sh.sonnei S型,R型菌の酵素的性状 第1編 発育菌について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Using S type and R type of Sh. sonnei, those standard strains stocked in our aboratory as test bacteria, the author studied influenes of N and C sources and various vitamins on cell growth and made a comparative study of glucese exidation during the cell growth; and obtained the following results. 1. When glucose is used as C source to which nicotinamide is added and then using aspartate, glutamate, alanine, or glycine separately as N source, it has been found that S type and R type of Sh. sonnei grow well in such media, and aspartate proves to be a specially good N source. 2. When aspartate is used as N source without addition of C source, neither of the two types can grow. However, glucose, gluconate, lactate, pyruvate, or succinate can be used as a suitable C source, but ribose does not serve as C source. 3. Nicotinamide proves to be necessary for promoting the growth of these two types of bacteria, but vitamin B(6) is not necessary. 4. In the still standing culture with fluid medium S type grows better than R type, whereas in the roller tube culture R type grows better than S type. 5. When the accumulated amount of pyruvate, lactate or acetate is compared with the amount of glucose consumed in the still standing culture with fluid medium using pepton as the N source and glucose as the C source, it has been found that the accumulation of these substances in the case of S type is greater than in the case of R type, indicating that the complete oxidaton of pyruvate is not carried out smoothly. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HamanoMitsuo en-aut-sei=Hamano en-aut-mei=Mitsuo kn-aut-name=浜野充生 kn-aut-sei=浜野 kn-aut-mei=充生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=313 end-page=318 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Influences of free amino-acid on glucose metabolism in the brain Part U. On epileptogenic cerebral cortex kn-title=脳のglucose代謝におよぼすamino酸の影響に関する研究 第2編 癲癇患者大脳皮質のglucose代謝およびそれにおよぼす種々のamino酸の影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The influences of the free amino-acids upon the glucose metabolism were investigated in the cerebral cortex removed from the epileptogenics and non-epileptogenics. Glucose metabolism decreased in the epileptogenic cerebral cortex, compared with the nonepileptogenic one. In the non-epileptogenic cerebral cortex, these free aminoacids accelerate the utilization of glucose, in the following order of γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamine, glutamic acid from the most to the least, while in the epileptogenic one in the order of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamine. These amino-acids have more pronounced function to accelerate the glucose metabolism in the epileptogenic brain than the nonepileptogenic. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoYasuhisa en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Yasuhisa kn-aut-name=山本泰久 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=泰久 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=305 end-page=311 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Influences of free amino-acids on glucose metabolism in the brain Part T. on cerebral local anaphylaxis rabbits kn-title=脳のglucose代謝におよぼすamino酸の影響に関する研究 第1編 潜在性脳局所anaphylaxis家兎大脳皮質のglucose代謝およびそれにおよぼす種々のamino酸の影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=There are many kinds of free amino-acids in the brain, most of which are glutamic acid, glutamine, asparatic acid. asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid etc. The author has investigated the influences of these amino-acids upon the glucose metabolism in the brain of the normal and the cerebral local anaphylactic (C. L. A.) rabbits. Glutamic acid, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid accelerate the utilization of glucose in the brain of the normal as well as the C. L. A. rabbits, aspartic acid and asparagine accelerate that of glucose in the C. L. A. rabbits, while they have no influence on that in the normal. It is clarified that all of these amino-acids have the function to restore the decreased utilization of glucose in the C. L. A. rabbits to more than the normal level. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoYasuhisa en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Yasuhisa kn-aut-name=山本泰久 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=泰久 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=2285 end-page=2289 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Nitrogen Metabolism of the Brain Part 11 Ammonia and Amino Acid Contents of the Rat Brain in Case of the NH(4)Cl Application kn-title=脳の窒素代謝 第11編 塩化アンモン投与大黒鼠脳髄アンモニア並びにアミノ酸量 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In case of the intraperitoneal application of ammonium chloride, ammonia of the rat brain was measured by Conway's microdiffusion method, and amino acid by paperchromatography; the following results were obtained. 1) During the ammonium chloride convulsions (induced by injection of 1ml. of 10% NH(4)Cl), the ammonia and aspartic acid contents of the rat brain increased remarkably, while glutamic acid, glutamine and γ-amino butylic acid contents decreased. 2) Ammonia and amino acids were estimated in 3 hours after NH(4)Cl injeetion (1ml. of 5% NH(4)Cl), and the following data were obtained. a. Ammonia level remarkably rose five minutes after injection, and gradually returned to normal level 3 hours after. b. Glutamic acid decreased. c. The rise of glutamine level found 10 minutes to 1 hour after the application. d. γ-amino butylic acid decreased. e. Aspartic acid level rose on early period. The Conclusion is as follows: 1) In the rat brain, the free ammonia increased after NH(4)Cl injection. 2) Ammonia increased after NH(4)Cl injection was probably reduced, initially by aspartie acid synthetase system and thereafter by glutamine synthetase syestm. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawataSaburo en-aut-sei=Kawata en-aut-mei=Saburo kn-aut-name=河田三郎 kn-aut-sei=河田 kn-aut-mei=三郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=2135 end-page=2138 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Free Amino Acids in the Brain (X) Free Amino Acids and Related Substances in the Brain of Common Turtle Geoclemys Reevesii in Hibernation kn-title=脳の遊離アミノ酸について (X) 冬眠状態におけるクサガメ脳の遊離アミノ酸およびその関連物質 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=From the comparative biochemical standpoint free amino acids and related substances have been isolated and quantatively analyzed from the brain of the common turtle (Geoclemys reevesii) in hibernation, the animal belonging to the reptile family, and the following are the results. 1. In comparison with those in the brain of mammals, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, serine, and glycine have been found only in extremely small quantities. 2. The quantity of both taurine and threonine has been less than either of them found in the brain of a catfish or a rat. 3. No isoleucine, leucine, lysine, nor histidine can be detected, and unidentified ninhydrin positive substances such as X(4), X(5), and X(6) have been recognized. 4. Despite the small quantity of glutamic acid, the amount of γ-aminobutyric acid has been about the same as found in the brains of mammals. 5. The total quantity of amino-N is less than that in the brain of catfish, frog, or rat. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AoyamaTatsuya en-aut-sei=Aoyama en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name=青山達也 kn-aut-sei=青山 kn-aut-mei=達也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=2131 end-page=2134 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Free Amino Acids in the Brain (W) Free Amino Acids and Related Substances in the Brain of Frog Rana Nigromaculata in Hibernation kn-title=脳の遊離アミノ酸について(W)冬眠状態のカエル脳遊離アミノ酸およびその関連物質 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Attempts have been made from comparative biochemical standpoint to isolate and determine free amino acids in the brain of the frog (Rana nigromaculata) in hibernation, the animal belonging to the amphybian family by the ion exchange cbromatography, and the following are the results: 1. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and serine have been found markedly decreased as in the case of the catfish brain as compared with those in the mammalian brains. 2. Taurine has been found more markedly decreased than either in the ease of the catfish brain or of the rat brain. 3. The amounts of unidentified substances X(1), X(2) and acidic amino-group show the values intermediate between those in the catfish brain and those in the rat brain. 4. The amount of γ-aminobutyric acid does not show any marked difference in the brains of all the animals tested. 5. Glycine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, and lysine yield the values closer to those found in the mammalian brains than those in the catfish brain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AoyamaTatsuya en-aut-sei=Aoyama en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name=青山達也 kn-aut-sei=青山 kn-aut-mei=達也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=81 end-page=88 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Synthetic Media for Culture of some Bacteria Part U On the growth of some bacteria, Staphylococcus, Salmonella and Shigella, in synthetic fluid media kn-title=細菌の合成培地に関する研究 第二編 葡萄球菌.サルモネラ菌属及び赤痢菌属の液体合成培地に於ける発育に就いて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Using the fluid media containing any one member out of eleven amino acids and nicotic acid or certain combination of them, the author studied the effect of these nitrogen sources on the growth of some species of Staphylococcus, Salmonella and Shigella, that were the departmental stock of author's laboratory. And the following results were obtained. 1) It was found that Staph. aureus and Staph. albus required many species of amino nitrogen and growth factors. The author failed to culture them in the media described above, for the lack of some required components for their growth. 2) Sal. enteritidis and Sal. typhi murium could grow sufficiently in the media containing merely ammonium nitrogen, but the extra addition of cystine to the media showed the marked increase of growth. 3) The growth of Sal. typhi 57 S and R were accelerated by the addition of sulfur containing amino acids, cystine and methionine, And also glutamic acid and aspartic acid could serve to these micro-organisms as nitrogen source. Sal. paratyphi A reqired cystine as the essential amino acid, but in the case of Sal. paratyphi B and C it was effective to add glutamic acid and phenylalanine to the basal media. 4) Nicotinic acid seved as the essential factor to the Shigella species, Shigella sonnei and Shgella flexneri 2a; in addition, aspartic acid showed the stimulation for growth. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakanishiHirotaka en-aut-sei=Nakanishi en-aut-mei=Hirotaka kn-aut-name=仲西弘孝 kn-aut-sei=仲西 kn-aut-mei=弘孝 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=10-12 article-no= start-page=777 end-page=784 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19611230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Metabolism of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Part 2. Metabolism of (14)C-γ-Aminobutyric Acid in an Epileptic Brain Slice kn-title=γ-アミノ酪酸の代謝に関する研究 第2編 てんかん脳切片による(14)C-γ-Aminobutyric aicdの代謝について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Studies were carried out to clearfy GABA metabolism in the brains of an epileptic, the latent cerebral local anaphylactic (L. C. L. A.) rabbit and ep-mouse administered with (14)C-GABA. 1) Incubated with a brain slice, radioactivity of (14)C-GABA was slightly detected in glutamic acid, aspartic acid and glutamine in the incubation medium. 2) In this case, most of the radioactive carbon of GABA was converted into (14)CO(2). 3) The epileptic brain appeared to decreased in the (14)CO(2)-activity, compared with the non-epileptic. In case of the epileptic brain, the activity in the focus was lower than the one in the non-focus. 4) The study with L. C. L. A. rabbit and ep-mouse could not manifest any difference in GAGA metabolism in contrast to the normal control groups. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UnoKazuaki en-aut-sei=Uno en-aut-mei=Kazuaki kn-aut-name=宇野和昌 kn-aut-sei=宇野 kn-aut-mei=和昌 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1341 end-page=1345 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Nitrogen Metabolism of the Brain Part 10 Influences of Tranquilizers on Ammonia and Amino Acids in the Rat Brain kn-title=脳の窒素代謝 第10編 トランキライザーの大黒鼠脳髄アンモニア並びにアミノ酸に及ぼす影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the case of meprobamate application and reserpine injection as tranquilizing treatment, the content of ammonia in the brain was determined by Conwy's micro-diffusion method while that of amino acid by paper chromatography; and the following results were obtained: 1) After meprobamate application per os (1g. per dose), the contents of ammonia. glutamic acid and γ-amino-butylic acid decreased, while those of glutamine and aspartic acid increased. 2) In the group given meprobamate for successive days (350 mg-400 mg/kg), the content of ammonia increased, whereas those of glutamic acid, glutamine, γ-amino-butylic acid and aspartic acid less markedly. 3) In the case of reserpine injection (0.4 mg./kg), ammonia decreased markedly and glutamic acid and γ-amino-butylic acid less markedly. 4) In the group receiving reserpine injections for successive days (0.025 mg/kg/day), the content of ammonia showed a decrease, while that of aspartic acid an increase. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujitaShoji en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Shoji kn-aut-name=藤田昭次 kn-aut-sei=藤田 kn-aut-mei=昭次 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1337 end-page=1340 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Nitrogen Metabolism of the Brain Part 9 Influences of Stimulants and Depressants on Ammonia and Amino Acids in the Rat Brain kn-title=脳の窒素代謝 第9編 興奮剤及び鎮静剤の大黒鼠脳髄アンモニア並びにアミノ酸に及ぼす影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the determinations of the content of free ammonia in the rat brain by Conway's micro-diffusion method, and that of free amino acid by paper chromatography, the author obtained the following results. 1) During the marked excitement caused by 20% caffeina et sodii benzoas injections (0.5cc per dose), the content of ammonia increased while those of glutamic acid and glutamine decreased. 2) During the deep sleep caused by amobarbital injections (50mg/kg), the content of ammonia decreased, whereas those of glutamine and aspartic acid increased. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujitaShoji en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Shoji kn-aut-name=藤田昭次 kn-aut-sei=藤田 kn-aut-mei=昭次 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1331 end-page=1336 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Nitrogen Metabolism of the Brain Part 8 Influences of Electro-and Insulin Shocks on Amino Acids in the Rat Brain kn-title=脳の窒素代謝 第8編 実験的衝撃の大黒鼠脳髄アミノ酸に及ぼす影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the determinations of glutamic acid, glutamine, γ-aminobutylic acid, and aspartic acid in the rat brain by paper chromatography, the author obtained the following results: 1) In the normal rat brain, the value determined for glutamic acid was 158.4 mg.%: for glutamine 95.5 mg.%; for γ-aminobutylic acid 35.2 mg.% ; and for aspartic acid 30.8 mg.%, respectively. 2) After the convulsion caused by electro-shock, the contents of glutamic acid and γ-amino-butylic acid in the brain showed a decrease. 3) In the animals treated with electro-shocks for 13 to 18 days (2 times/day), the content of γ-amino-butylic acid in the brain decreased, while that of glutamine an increase, and aspartic acid increased markedly. 4) During the coma caused by insulin shocks, the content of glutamic acid showed a decrease, while that of glutamine an increase, and aspartic acid increased markedly. 5) In the group given repeated insulin shocks, glutamic acid drecreased while glutamine increased; and aspartic acid increased markedly. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujitaShoji en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Shoji kn-aut-name=藤田昭次 kn-aut-sei=藤田 kn-aut-mei=昭次 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=913 end-page=921 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Action of a Few Bacteria on the Blood of Acatalasemic Patients Part U Influences of Erythrocytes on the Respiration of Bacteria kn-title=無カタラーゼ血液症患者血液に対する2, 3細菌の作用について 第2編 菌の呼吸に対する赤血球の影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As previously reported in Part T the author found that hemoglobin had tendency to show the production of MetHb and the decolorization remarkably when Streptococcus hemolyticus, Streptococcus viridans, and Diprococcus pneumoniae T, U and V were cultured in the medium using the blood of acatalasemic patients. These changes clearly have indicated that the blood of these patients lacking in the catalase is unable to dispose of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) produced by bacteria and subsequently Hb is oxidized to form MetHb and with progress of oxidation the constituents of the blood seem to turn to decolorization substances such as propentodyopent. This time with a view to clarify this point still further, the author studied action of still bacteria en erythrocytes of the normal and the patients, and from the results of this study arrived at the following conclusion. 1) Diprococcus pneumoniae U, V and Streptococcus viridans markedly accumulate H(2)O(2) during oxidation process of glucose. 2) When glucose is used as substrate loaded with acatalasemic erythrocytes and shaken, in the case of Diprococcus pnemoniae T, U, or Streptococcus viridans, a marked production of MetHb has bean observed, when normal erythrocytes are loaded, the production of MetHb has been extremely small as compared with each of these bacteria in the case of the acatalasemic erythrocytes. When pyruvate, succinate, or aspartate is used as substrate, the influences of each of these bacteria on erythrocytes are on the whole quite small. 3) Productivity of MetHb and decolorization by bacteria have a parallel relationship with the accumulation of H(2)O(2). 4) Using glucose as substrate, influences of Diprococcus pneumoniae U on the respiration of erythrocytes are as follows. a. In the case where erythrocytes are not loaded (the control) O(2)-consumption decreases by 60-90 minutes. b. In the case where acatalasemic erythrocytes are loaded, so long as Hb exists, O(2)-consumption continues to rise. c. In the case where normal erythrocytes are loaded, up to 60 minutes O(2)-consumption is comparatively lower than that of the control but it does not fall even 120 minutes later. d. On examining H(2)O(2) in solution after these reactions, an extremely minutes quantity of it has been traced in the case of loading acatalasemic erythrocytes, while none can be traced in the case of loading normal erythrocytes. e. Thiourea and cysteine have been found to completely recompensate whatever influences exerted upon O(2)-comsumption of bacteria by acatalasemic blood. 5) After studying color changes of the erythrocytes to which H(2)O(2) of various concentrations had been adden, the results thus obtained were quite identical with those which erythrocytes had been influenced by respiring bacteria. 6) From these facts as far mentioned it may be assumed that the influences of respiring bacteria upon the acatalasemic erythrocytes are due to the action of H(2)O(2) produced by bacteria. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawataMikitaro en-aut-sei=Kawata en-aut-mei=Mikitaro kn-aut-name=河田幹太郎 kn-aut-sei=河田 kn-aut-mei=幹太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=691 end-page=695 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Physiological Aspect of the Citric Acid Cycle of Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima) kn-title=Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus （寺島）の終末代謝系の一生理面 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In 1957, Yabe reported that the combined administration of glutamate and glucose markedly accelerated the respiration of Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima) over the sum of those in each of the two substrates, and that this phenomenon was due to the important role of glutamate as a sole sparker or entering site of the citric acid cycle of M. pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima). In the present experiments, the authors investigated this phenomenon in regard to pH. In the presence of glutamate and glucose, oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide evolution was nearly the same at all pHs tested, whereas ammonia formation was the best at pH 6.2, which was the optimum for glutamate oxidation by M. pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima); this result seems to sustain the conclusion given by Yabe. For all of glutamate, aspartate and alanine, the oxidation optimum pHs were lower in M. pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima) than in pyogenes var. albus and citreus. From thsee results, it is easily inferred that the cytoplasmic membrane of M. pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima) is a pretty peculiar one compared with those of the other two micrococci, and that these peculiar physiological properties of the cytoplasmic membrane have something to do with the previously reported peculiar aspect of the citric acid cycle of M. pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YabeYoshiro en-aut-sei=Yabe en-aut-mei=Yoshiro kn-aut-name=矢部芳郎 kn-aut-sei=矢部 kn-aut-mei=芳郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakayamaGoro en-aut-sei=Nakayama en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=中山五郎 kn-aut-sei=中山 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnishiHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Ohnishi en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name=大西弘之 kn-aut-sei=大西 kn-aut-mei=弘之 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiSei en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Sei kn-aut-name=林生 kn-aut-sei=林 kn-aut-mei=生 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=4-6 article-no= start-page=219 end-page=224 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1961 dt-pub=19610630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental studies on aldolase and transaminase activities in rabbits with convulsions Part T On Aldolase activities in the cerebral cortex of rabbits kn-title=痙攣によるAldolase及びTransaminaseの変動に関する実験的研究 第1編 正常家兎および脳局所アナフイラキシー家兎大脳皮質のAldolase活性について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aldolase activities in the cerebral cortex of normal rabbits and rabbits with latent cerebral local anaphylaxis (LC LA) were measured by using Bruns' method, and influences of glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, asparagine, and γ-aminobutyric acid on the aldolase activities were evaluated. It has been experimentally probed that LCLA is an epileptic disposition and a state of arrangement of convulsion. The results were as follws. 1) The aldolase activity in the cerebral cortex of rabbits with LCLA is decreased, compared with that of normal rabbits. 2) Glutamic acid accelerates the activity of the cerebral aldolase of normal rabbits. 3) Asparagine accelerates the activity of the cerebral aldolase of LCLA rabbits. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OdaKoji en-aut-sei=Oda en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name=小田晧二 kn-aut-sei=小田 kn-aut-mei=晧二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=5-7 article-no= start-page=1463 end-page=1469 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600730 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Influences of Electrical Stimulation (In Vitro) on the Metabolism of the Brain Part 3. Influences of Electrical Stimulation (in vitro) on the Cerebral Transamination kn-title=電気刺戟（in vitro）の脳物質代謝におよぼす影響 第3編 電気刺戟（in vitro）の大脳トランスアミネーションにおよぼす影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=With the use of homogenate of the brains and cerebral cortex slices obtained from albino rats, Pithecus monkey and human, the author observed the influences of electrical stimulation (in vitro) on the fransamination, and obtained the following results. 1. In the case of albino rat cerebrum the electrical stimulation inhibited the synthesis of glutamic acid from the aspatic acid 14.6 per cent with homogenate and 9.6 per cent with slices. Namely, the rate of such inhibition seems to he greater in the case of homogenate than in the case of slices. In addition, in the alanine series ne marked changes could be recognired but in GABA series all tended to receive a slight inhibitory effect. In all cases, however, the rate of reactivity is diminished more with slices than with homogenates. 2. In the case of the cerebral cortex homogenate of monkey, the electrical stimulation inhibited the glutamic and production in the aspartic acid seriet about 11 per cent on the average. In the case of the normal human cerebral cortex slices, the electrical stimulation accelerated the glutamic acid production about 11.3 per cent on the average, while in the case of atrophic human cerebral cortex homogenate hardly any changes could be recognized. In comparing the rats of reactivity in the case of the normal human cerebral cortex slices it is about 20 per cent higher both in the control group and experimental group than in the case of the slices of albino rats. In the cisa of the atrophic human cerebral cortex homogenate the reactivity was slightly lower than in the case of albino rats. kn-abstract=1) ダイコクネズミ,タイワンザル,ヒト脳の大脳ホモジネートおよび大脳皮質切片を用いて電気刺戟(in vitro)のトランスアミネーションにおよぼす影響をみた. 2) ダイコクネズミ大脳においてはAsGT活性は電気刺戟によつてホモジネートでは14.6%切片では9.6%阻害された.すなわちホモジネートの方が切片より阻害率は著明なようであつた.またAIGT活性は電気刺戟によつてホモジネート,切片とも著変なく,γAGT活性は電気刺戟によつてホモジネート,切片とも阻害傾向を示した.そこでAIGTは酵素系が異なるためではないかと推論した.また反応率はいづれの場合も切片の方がホモジネートより減少していた. 3) タイワンザル大脳皮質ホモジネートにおいてはAsGT活性は電気刺戟によつて平均約11%阻害された.またヒト健常大脳皮質切片においてはAsGT活性は電気刺戟によつて平均約11.3%の促進をみ,ヒト萎縮大脳皮質ホモジネートにおいては殆ど変化をみなかつた.また反応率を比較するとヒト健常大脳皮質切片ではダイコクネズミの切片の場合に比し対照時,刺戟時ともに約20%高く,ヒト萎縮大脳皮質ホモジネートではダイコクネズミのそれに比しやや低い値を示した.すなわち萎縮脳のAsGT活性の低下が考えられる. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KumashiroHisashi en-aut-sei=Kumashiro en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name=熊代永 kn-aut-sei=熊代 kn-aut-mei=永 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=827 end-page=833 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1963 dt-pub=19631030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Studies on Effects of Parabiosis Formation on the Brain Metabolism of ep-Mouse Part V Effects of Parabiosis on Glutamic Acid, γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and Aspartic Acid Content in the Brain of ep-Mouse kn-title=ep系マウスの脳代謝におよぼすparabiosisの影響に関する実験的研究 第3編 ep系マウス大脳のglutamic acid,γ-aminobutyric acidおよびaspartic acid含有量におよぼすparabiosisの影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Biochemical changes as to amino acid metabolism were investigated in the brain of an ep-mouse, having had convulsive seizures, after parabiosis formation with a CF(1)-mouse, one of the normal other species, and the results of this experimeot were as follows: 1. Glutamic acid content was small in the brain of the ep-mouse compared with the CF(1)-mouse. They were approaching between the two levels 6 days after the procedure. Then, they were decreased below the preparabiosis level, showing insignificant defference between the both contents at the 12 th postparabiosis day. 2. GABA content was large in the brain of the ep-mouse compared with the CF(1)-mouse, but both contents were averaged between the levels 6 days after the procedure. They were recovered to the preparabiosis level of the CF(1)-mouse at the 12 th postparabiosis day. 3. Aspartic acid content was slightly large in the brain of the ep-mouse compared with the CF(1)-mouse. The difference was minimized after the procedure, and recovered to the preparabiosis level of the CF(1)-mouse at the 12 th postparabiosis day as in the case of GABA content. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MasukawaSadahiko en-aut-sei=Masukawa en-aut-mei=Sadahiko kn-aut-name=増川禎彦 kn-aut-sei=増川 kn-aut-mei=禎彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=5-7 article-no= start-page=1299 end-page=1306 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600730 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Free Amino Acids in the Brains XIII A Study on the Free Amino Acids in Various Parts of Human Brain kn-title=脳の遊離アミノ酸について(XIII) ヒト脳各部位の遊離アミノ酸およびその関連物質 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By means of ion exchange column chromatography the author carried out quantitative analyses of 14 kinds of free amino acids including the related compounds using the brain of the person who died of acute loss of blood. The parts of the brain used for the analysis were frontal cortex, corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. The results are as follows. 1. In corpus callosum which contains little cellular components extremely minute quantities of phosphoethanolamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid could be detected. 2. In globus pallidus a surprisingly large quantity of γ-aminobutyric acid could be found and it was far greater than that contained in hypothalamus. 3. In medulla oblongata only small quantities of phosphoethanolamine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid could be detected. Likewise γ-aminobutyric acid was found not so abundant. This seems to be due to the fact that the present experiment was conducted with medulla oblongata including white matter. 4. Although only in a small quantity, cystathionine could be assayed in all these parts except globus pallidus and thalamus. 5. Even from the comparative biochemistry the present quantitative analyses gave an interesting contrast to the values obtainable in the brains of lower animals. 6. Although it was difficult to recognize any distinct difference in the pattern of amino acids between the adult brain and the infant brain, there was a clear-cut difference in the amino acid pattern of the adult brain and that of the fetal brain. Namely, in the adult human brain there exist far greater quantities of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyrie acid, and N-acetylaspartic acid than those in the fetal brain and conversely far less quantities of phosphoethanolamine and taurine than in the latter. Likewise tyrosine detected in the fetal brain could not be recognized in the adult human brain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishiokaHirosuke en-aut-sei=Nishioka en-aut-mei=Hirosuke kn-aut-name=西岡博輔 kn-aut-sei=西岡 kn-aut-mei=博輔 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=5-7 article-no= start-page=1293 end-page=1298 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600730 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Free Amino Acids in the Brains ? The Influence of Thyroidectomy on the Free Amino Acids and Related Compounds in the Brain of Rat kn-title=脳の遊離アミノ酸について(?)甲状腺剔除の脳遊離アミノ酸およびその関連物質におよぼす影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the purpose to study the influence of thyroidectomy on the free amino acids and the related compounds the author performed the assay of 11 of these substances by ion exchange column chromatography, using the rat brains as the material. As the result it has been found that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, serine, N-acetylasparticacid, and glycerophosphoethanolamine, the substances that were decreased in the brains of hypophysectomized animals, have been maintained at the normal level on thyroidectomy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishiokaHirosuke en-aut-sei=Nishioka en-aut-mei=Hirosuke kn-aut-name=西岡博輔 kn-aut-sei=西岡 kn-aut-mei=博輔 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=927 end-page=931 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Comparative Study on the Effect of Aureomycin, Chloromycetin, and Streptomycin on the Bacterial Respiration kn-title=微生物の呼吸に対するオーレオマイシン，クロロマイセチン及びストレプトマイシンの作用 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of aureomycin, chloromycetin, and streptomycin upon the oxidation of several substrates by Sh. flexneri 2a and E. coli communis. The results are as follows: 1) A level of 200γ/ml aureomycin markedly inhibits the oxygen uptake with substrates such as glucose, pyruvate, glutamate, and aspartate. The inhibitory rate has no relation to the preincubation time of a mixture of aureomycin and a cell suspension. 2) A high concentration (200γ/ml) of chloromycetin slightly inhibits the oxidation of amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate. The inhibitory rate has a relation to the preincubation time of a mixture of chloromycetin and whole cell suspensions. 3) A level of 200γ/ml streptomycin slightly inhibits the oxidation of glutamate and aspartate by E. coli, but it does not affect the oxidation of glucose and pyruvate by this organism. The oxidation of proposed substrates by Sh. flexneri 2a is not also prevented by streptomycin. Even though streptomycin is added to the original cell suspension before the substrates and preincubated for an hour, the results are the same. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawaiKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Kawai en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name=川井潔 kn-aut-sei=川井 kn-aut-mei=潔 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoToyozi en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Toyozi kn-aut-name=松本豊治 kn-aut-sei=松本 kn-aut-mei=豊治 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HonmatsuKakushi en-aut-sei=Honmatsu en-aut-mei=Kakushi kn-aut-name=本松格史 kn-aut-sei=本松 kn-aut-mei=格史 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkiyamaKengi en-aut-sei=Akiyama en-aut-mei=Kengi kn-aut-name=秋山健二 kn-aut-sei=秋山 kn-aut-mei=健二 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=921 end-page=926 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Effect of Streptomycin on the Metabolic Activities of Bacteria kn-title=微生物の代謝に対するストレプトマイシンの作用 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This experiment was attempted to investigate the inhibitory action of streptomycin. The organism used is Shigella flexneri 2a. The results are as follows: 1) Even under a level of 200γ/ml streptomycin, it cannot inhibit the oxidation of pyruvate, succinate, fumarate, malate, glutamate, and aspartate by whole cell suspensions. 2) When glutamate is added to a cell suspension that has previously been permitted to oxidize fumarate, an immediate increase in oxygen consumption is observed. This increase is scarcely prevented by streptomycin. 3) The oxidatin of a mixture of glucose, glutamate, and 10(-3)M Mg(++) by a cell suspension is prevented by streptomycin level of 200γ/ml. 4) Streoptomycin prevents especially aerobic growth of this organism in the synthetic medium and results in an increased accumulation of pyruvate as a metabolic product. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawaiKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Kawai en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name=川井潔 kn-aut-sei=川井 kn-aut-mei=潔 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoToyozi en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Toyozi kn-aut-name=松本豊治 kn-aut-sei=松本 kn-aut-mei=豊治 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HonmatsuKakushi en-aut-sei=Honmatsu en-aut-mei=Kakushi kn-aut-name=本松格史 kn-aut-sei=本松 kn-aut-mei=格史 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=901 end-page=913 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Physiological Studies on the Metabolic Activities of Streptomycin-Resistant B. dysentheriae U. The Pyruvate Metabolism and its Terminal Respiration System of Streptomycin-Resistant Sh. flexneri 2a kn-title=ストレプトマイシン耐性赤痢菌の生理学的研究 第2編 ストレプトマイシン耐性赤痢菌駒込ＢVのピルビン酸代謝と終末呼吸系 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Following the previous reports, the author carried out the experiment to elucidate the difference in the pyruvate oxidation and its terminal respiration system between resistant and susceptible Sh. flexneri 2a. 1) The oxidation rate of pyruvate by resistant strain is considerably less at every pH than by susceptible strain. The pH optimum for oxidation of pyruvate of resistant strain is pH 5.6-6.0, whereas that of susceptible strain is pH 7.0-7.5. 2) The consumption rate on pyruvic acid substrate by resistant strain is significantly less than by susceptible strain. 3) Both resistant and susceptible strains oxidizes pyruvic acid via succinate. Pyruvate accumulates during the oxidation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates such as succinate, malate, fumarate, α-ketoglutarate by resistant and susceptible strains. 4) Aspartic-glutamic transamination has been demonstrated in susceptible strain under aerobic condition with both aspartic acid and glucose added. 5) The oxidation of pyruvate of susceptible strain can be accerelated more rapidly by divalent metal ions such as Mg??, Fe??, Mn?? than that of resistant strain. 6) Panthotenate accerelates more reasonably the respiration of pyruvie acid by susceptible strain than by resistant strain. 7) The significance of these results in relation to the presence of the citric acid cycle in the organism is discussed, and it is considered possible that an significant difference in metabolic activities between resistant and susceptible strains exists in the metabolic pathway from pyruvate to succinate in the citric acid cycle. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawaiKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Kawai en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name=川井潔 kn-aut-sei=川井 kn-aut-mei=潔 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=515 end-page=520 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1960 dt-pub=19600130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Transaminase of Brain (U) Effects of Psychotropic and Neurotropic Drugs on the Transaminase Activities kn-title=脳のトランスアミナーゼ 第2編 各種向精神・神経薬のダイコクネズミ脳組織トランスアミナーゼ活性に及ぼす影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Effects of 18 psychotropic and 3 neurotropic drugs were measured by the author on the glutamic-aspartic transaminase (GAT) activities in the rat brain homogenates. 1. Chlorpromazine, chlopromazine sulfoxide, acetylpromazine, levomepromazine, mepazine and perphenazine inhibited GAT, while prochlorperazine showed no effect. Both of diethazine and promethazine did not effect on GAT. 2. Pipradrol and dimethylaminoethanol activated GAT, while methylphenidate showed no effect. 3. Azacyclonol, amobarbital, phenobarbital, methyprylon, glutethimide and primidone were inhibitory in acion on GAT. 4. LSD-25 inhibited to GAT and bemegride did not effect on. 5. In the effect on GAT, similarities of imipramine to the phenothiazine derived depressants, or differences of diethazine and promethazine from other phenothiazine derivatives seemed to be causad due to the resemble or different distance between two nitrogen atoms. kn-abstract=ダイコクネズミ脳homogenateを用い，グルタミン酸-アスパラギン酸トランスアミナーゼ（GAT）活性に及ぼす18種の向精神薬，および3種の向神経薬の影響を測定した. 1. フエノチアジン系向精神薬は， Prochlorperazineを除く他の6種はいずれもGAT阻害を示し，阻害作用はChlorpromazineに最も強かつた. Chlorpromazine S-oxideはChlorpromazineに比してGAT阻害作用は著しく弱い. 2種のフエノチアジン系向神経薬はGAT活性に影響をみなかつた. 2. AzacyclonolはGAT阻害を示し， LSD-25は高濃度で阻害を示したが低濃度では影響を与えなかつた. 3. 中枢刺戟剤4種のうち， PipradrolとDMAEは促進， Methylphenidateは影響なく， Tofranilは阻害を示した. 4. バルビツール酸系睡眠剤AmobarbitalとPhenobarbital，非バルビツール酸系睡眠剤MethyprylonとGlutethimideは，すべて阻害を示した.しかるにバルビツール酸拮抗剤BemegrideはGATに無影響であつた.抗てんかん剤Primidoneは阻害を示した. 5. 実験に用いた中枢抑制剤13種のうち12種が阻害を示した. 6. GATに及ぼす作用において， ImipramineとChlorpromazineの類似， DiethazineやPromethazineとChlorpromazineとの差異を，化学構造における2個のN原子間の距離の一致と相異に対応すると考えた. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OnoMasaya en-aut-sei=Ono en-aut-mei=Masaya kn-aut-name=小野昌也 kn-aut-sei=小野 kn-aut-mei=昌也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=72 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=95 end-page=108 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effect of Immune Serum on the the Enzyme Activity of Vibrio Cholera kn-title=コレラ菌の酵素活性に対する免疫血清の影響 第1編 O2消費に対する免疫血清及び補体の影響 第2編 溶菌にともなう酵素活性の変化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Part I Effect of Immune Serum and Complement on O(2) Uptake Using the 3 strains of Vibrio cholera, original strain (INABA's strain), intermediate variant strain (HIKOZIMA's strain) and variant strain (OGAWA's strain), the author studied the effect of immune serum and complement on O(2)uptake of the resting cells of these microorganism. Immune serum was added into the resting cell suspension, in which complement was added in an experiment and was not in another experiment, in a various concentration with substrate. And obtained the following results 1) With absence of complement O(2) uptake was inhibited to a slight degree by the addition of immune serum. The inhibition was increased. carrespondingly with the concentration of the serum This findings was supposedly due to the agglutination of bacteria by the action of the immune serum. 2) In the presence of complement, O(2) uptake was also inhibited by the addition of immune serum; especially, strongly inhibited at a low concentration of that, i.e. in dilutions of 1:300-1:400. The inhibition was supposed to be arisen from the lesion on the cells being to be bacteriolysis shertly after that. Part U Enzyme Activities Affectad by Bacteriolysis Using the 3 strains of Vibrio cholera as in the part I, the author observed the changes on the enzyme activities of the bacterial cells by affecting the cells by means of suspension into various media or immune reaction. The following results were obtained. 1) The enzyme activities were not so decreased by the washing of the cells with saline added phosphate buffer. But the activities and the numbers of surviving cells were markedly decreased in the case of the washing with saline unadded phosphate buffer, saline solution or distilled water. 2) The enzyme activities were decrealed proportionally to the affection time of immune serum and complement, and eventually qacteriolysis occured. This finding was most distinctive in dilutions of 1:100-1:300 of serum. 3) The decrease of oxidation capacity by bacteriolysis was differ in the substrate oxydized. That was very prominient in the case of glucose, pyruvate and aspartate, while that was rather slight at the oxidation of lactate, succinate and cysteine, and the presence of the oxidation capacities was also found in the centrifuged supernatant of bacteriolysed cells. 4) The deaminative and the desulfhydrative abilities for cysteine were retained after the lysis of bacteria, but these for formation of indol were not found at that state. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkadaToyozi en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Toyozi kn-aut-name=岡田豊二 kn-aut-sei=岡田 kn-aut-mei=豊二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1017 end-page=1023 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1965 dt-pub=19650730 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Physiological Factors Participating on the Biosynthesis of Pyocianine by Pseudomonas aeruginosa kn-title=緑膿菌産生色素 "Pyocianine" に関する研究―特にPyocianine生合成に影響する因子について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces the two pigments, namely Pyocianine and Fluorescin. The Pyocianine is bluish green pigment and is derivative of phenazine pigment. In this paper, the physiological factors that give influences on the biosynthesis of Pyocianine by Pseudomouas aeruginosa in culture will be presented. 1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa required glycerine as a nitrogene source for the biosynthesis of Pyocianine. In a case that glucose was used as carbon source, the addition of magnesium ion was essential. 2. Within alanine, glutamate and aspartate on which the author examined, only alanine was of effective as nitrogen source for the Pyocianine synthesis. 3. The following results have been investigated by the studies on the atmospheric condition. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced the pigment at a aerobic condition in the chemically satisfactory culture media, but could not produce at anaerobic condition in any culture media. 4. In the acidic media below pH 6.0, the growing of bacteria was very slight and the Pyocianine could not be produced. Moreover, the pigment did not be synthesized when the pH was descended rapidly, even if the startiag pH of the medium was neutral or slight basic. 5. The growing of the bacteria is indispensable for the synthesis of Pyocianine, then the resting cells could not synthesize the pigment. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakanoSaizo en-aut-sei=Sakano en-aut-mei=Saizo kn-aut-name=坂野才蔵 kn-aut-sei=坂野 kn-aut-mei=才蔵 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=80 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=435 end-page=444 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1968 dt-pub=19680430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Disturbances of the Cerebral Blood Flowby Brain Perfusion Experiments Part 2. The Cerebral Blood Flow Disturbances and the Brain Metabolism with [U-(14)C] Glucose Perfusion kn-title=脳灌流法による脳血流障害の研究 第2編 〔U-(14)C〕グルコースを用いた血流障害時の脳代謝 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The brain was perfused with artificial blood containing [U-(14)C] glucose, and then induced the disturbances of cerebral blood flow as in the previous report. The changes in the glucose metabolism of the brain were studied by measuring oxigen consumption, carbon dioxide formation, glucose uptake and lactic acid output as well as the contents of glucose metabolites and their radioactivities. The results are presented as follows. 1. In the case where the cerebral blood flow is decreased 20% or less, the cerebral oxygen consumption maintains approximately a constant level; where the decrease is over 40% it decreases; and in the decrease of 20-30% both of the above phenomena can be observed. 2. As for carbon dioxide formation, likewise when the decrease is over 40%, the amount of carbon dioxide formed is decreased. 3. The glucose uptake is 0.44μmole in average before the cerebral blood flow is decreased, it is 0.12μmole 32-39 minutes after the cerebral blood flow is decreased, showing the decrease in proportion to the lapse of time. In addition, when the decrease of cerebral blood flow is over 40%, there is observed a decrease in the glucose uptake. With the lactic acid output there is observed no fixed tendency. 4. In the brain with blood flow disturbances the glycogen content is decreased to 1.65μmole. 5. The lactic acid content of the brain shows a tendency to increase when the cerebral blood flow is low. 6. The relative specific activity of metabolites in the brain under the diminished blocd flow, is found to be glucose 100%; lactic acid 45%; and in comparison to 63-75% of lactic acid in standard brain perfusion, the decrease in the radioactivity of lactic acid is marked in the brain with blood flow disturbances. This means that the contribution of non radioactive endogenous substances to the glycolytic process has been potentiated as compared with that in normal state. 7. The relative specific activity of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine and respiratory carbon dioxide are 30%, 32%, 17% and 20% respectively. In the standard perfusion these values are high in the high level of EEG, respective values being 80%, 75%, 61% and 55%, and it is known that the lower the EEG level, the lower is such ratios. However, these values in the brain with blood flow disturbances, agree approximately with those values in the brain with low function. 8. The relative specific actiyity of γ-amino butyric acid is 14% , being lower than that in the standard brain perfusion where the brain function is low. 9. The relative specific activity of glycogen, while it shows a big standard deviation, is about 22%, giving a considerably higher value than what has been expected. Even from the decrease of the glycogen content in the brain, it can be surmised that the involvement of glycogen in the energy metabolism in the brain under the blood flow disturbance is hightened. 10. These results seem to indicate that in the glucose metabolism of the brain with blood flow disturbances, there occur general disturbances of glucose uptake, glycolytic pathway and the citric acid cycle. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MitsunobuKatsusuke en-aut-sei=Mitsunobu en-aut-mei=Katsusuke kn-aut-name=光信克甫 kn-aut-sei=光信 kn-aut-mei=克甫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=79 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=763 end-page=770 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1967 dt-pub=19671030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism of the Brainwith the Use of [U-(14)C]-Glucose 2. A Study on the Amino Acid Metabolism in Normal Cat Brain and the Brain Under Subacute Compression of the Cats Under Nembutal Anesthesia kn-title=U-(14)C-グルコースを用いた脳のアミノ酸タンパク代謝の研究 第2編Infusion法及び脳灌流法による正常ネコ脳と亜急性圧迫ネコ脳のネンブタール麻酔下におけるアミノ酸代謝について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the previous paper dealing with the protein metabolism as well as the structural chemical aspects of the brain proteins in normal cat brain and the brain under chronic compression by means of infusion method, it was reported that organic changes of the brain affect the protein metabolism. This communication briefly describes the results of the experiment conducted by the infusion method on the amino acid metabolism studied with the use of [U-(14)C]-glucose while comparing with the same metabolism in normal cat brain. Further the effect of the functional changes mainly induced by Nembutal on the glucose metabolism in the brain was studied by means of brain perfusion. and this effect was compared with the effect of Nembutal anesthesia as studied by infusion method. The study was also focused on the metabolism of glutamic acid and aspartic acid which are the protein components of crude mitochondrial fractions in the brains of those placed under subacute compression and normal cat brain. After the infusion of [U-(14)C]-glucose, the incorporation of (14)C to free glutamic acid and aspartic acid of the brain was higher in the brain under subacute compression than in normal brain, i.e. the relative specific activity (RSA) was higher in the former than in normal brain. This tendency was more marked in aspartic acid. In observing the glucose metabolism by injecting Nembutal into carotid artery during the brain parfusion, the metabolic pattern at this stage showed a pattern intermediate between that during the high functional state and the low functional state of the brain under perfusion. This resembles the metabolic rates of glutamic acid and aspartic acid of the normal cat brain under a slight anesthesia by the infusion method. Only in the case of aspartic acid the relative specific acitivity (RSA) in the brain during the infusion was considerably lower than RSA during brain perfusion under the influence of Nembutal. In the protein component amino acid metabolism of crude mitochondrial fractions. RSA of the protein component glutamic acid was higher under subacute compression state than RSA of normal brain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OmoriBuntaro en-aut-sei=Omori en-aut-mei=Buntaro kn-aut-name=大森文太郎 kn-aut-sei=大森 kn-aut-mei=文太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=84 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=353 end-page=363 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1972 dt-pub=19721030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Alanine Metabolism of the Brain in Standard Brain Perfusion and in Blood Flow Disturbances kn-title=標準潅流および血流障害時のアラニンの脳代謝 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By means of the brain perfusion slightly modified of the method by Geiger artificial blood with L-[U-(14)C]-alanine was perfused and circulatory disturbances was induced by such artificial decrease of brain blood flow. In this instance, alanine metabolism in the brain was compared with the metabolism observable during the standard brain perfusion. The results are briefly summarized as follows. 1) In the blood flow disturbing experiments where the blood flow was lowered by 43.0-60.0%. oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide formation and glucose uptake were markedly decreased, while the output of lactic acid from the brain was increased as compared with respective values in standard brain perfusion. 2) Despite the fact that there was no significant difference in the alanine concentration between the arterial and venous blood, there could be observed a significant decrease in the radioactivity of the venous blood when compared with that of arterial blood. This indicates clearly that alanine is being exchanged between the blood and brain. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the radioactivity of blood in the blood flow disturbing experiments was 3.8±1.10% as against 5.90±1.80% in the experiments of standard brain perfusion. 3) About 0.42-0.33% alanine in the blood was taken up and it was oxidized completely to carbon dioxide by the brain, showing no significant difference between the standard perfusion and blood flow disturbing experiment. 4) In the case of blood flow disturbing experiments there were observed a marked increase of lactic acid and an increasing tendency of alanine in the brain. 5) In both the standard brain perfusion and blood flow disturbing experiment alanine taken up by the brain within 70 minutes contained 50% of (14)C in the brain. In the latter experiments the rate of (14)C-incorporation into glutamic acid, aspartic acid and glutamine was decreased and its incorporation into lactic acid was increased. 6) In the blood flow disturbing experiment radioactivity in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, alanine and lactic acid in the brain tended to decrease. The radioactivity of GABA was greater than that of glutamic acid, there could be observed a glutamic acid-GABA compartmentation phenomenon. just as in the experiments with [U-(14)C] glucose in the perfused blood. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuzukiTsuneo en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Tsuneo kn-aut-name=鈴木常夫 kn-aut-sei=鈴木 kn-aut-mei=常夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=81 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=411 end-page=427 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1969 dt-pub=19690630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of intracarotid administratraion of glutamic acid and its related compounds on the perfused cat brain kn-title=グルタミン酸系酸性アミノ酸の灌流脳機能に対する作用 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By means of brain perfusion method, for the purpose to study the effects of glutamic acid and its related amino acids on EEG, cerebral blood flow and systemic blood pressures, these amino acids were administered into the carotid system of perfused cat brains under a certain fixed condition and the intensity of each drug action was compared. The amino acids tested in the experiments were L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, N-acetyl-DL-aspartic acid, β-hydroxy-glutamic acid, L-glutamic acid-Na, L-aspartic acid-Na, and N-acetyl-DL-aspartic acid-Ca. For EEG, acidic amino acids induce transient excitatory changes followed by inhibition. These excitatory changes prove to be low-amplitude fast waves or burst of seizures, and postexcitatory inhibition to be slow waves or flat waves. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, even in a minimal dose, induces marked bursts of seizures followed by L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid-Na, and L-aspartic acid-Na, in their potency. Generally, N-acetyl-DL-aspartic acids show only low-amplitude fast waves but some of them do induce burst of seizures. β-Hydroxy-glutamic acid elicits only low-amplitude fast waves but never burst of seizures. N-Acetyl-DL-aspartic acid-Ca, differing from the free form, never induces excitatory changes. For the cerebral blood flow, acidic amino acids decrease the blood flow, but those that show a strong decreasing effect are N-alkyl amino acids such as N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and N-acetyl-DL-aspartic acid. On the Other hand, acidic amino acids increase the systemic blood pressure, and of them such an effect is especially marked with N-alkyl amino acid. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HoakiTakayuki en-aut-sei=Hoaki en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name=帆秋孝幸 kn-aut-sei=帆秋 kn-aut-mei=孝幸 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=88 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=709 end-page=716 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1976 dt-pub=19761030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of insulin on phenylketonuria Part 2. Effects on free amino acids im serum kn-title=フェニールケトン尿症に対するインスリンの効果 第二編 血中遊離アミノ酸に対する影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Free amino acids in sera after insulin injection were studied using six PKU subjects and six normal subjects. Blood samples were collected prior to the insulin injection and 120 minutes after insulin injection. The results were as follows; 1. Serum free amino acid level of normal subjects except aspartic acid level were all decreased after insulin injection. 2. Serum levels of free tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, glutamic acid, threonine, arginine, lysine and proline of PKU subjects were significantly lower than normal level. 3. Phenylalanine level is decreased in four PKU cases 120 minutes after insulin injection. Tyrosine level decreased in all PKU cases 120 minutes after insulin injection. 4. The levels of glutamic acid (4 cases), aspartic acid (3 cases), proline (2 cases), tryptophan (1 case), taurine (1 case), arginine (1 case), histidine (1 case) and ornithine (1 case) of PKU subjects were increased after insulin injection. kn-abstract=1. 対照正常人6例とPKU患者6例について,インスリン投与前と投与120分後の血中遊離アミノ酸の変化を検討した. 2. 対照正常人では, Aspが2例で増加したほかはすべてのアミノ酸が減少し, Met, Leu, Arg, Ileの順に減少率が大であった. 3. PKU患者では, Pheは4例, Tyrは全例で減少した. 4. PKU患者でGlu, Asp, Arg, His, Tau, Trp, Orn, Proの増加例があった. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkitaMisako en-aut-sei=Okita en-aut-mei=Misako kn-aut-name=沖田美佐子 kn-aut-sei=沖田 kn-aut-mei=美佐子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設病態生化学部門 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=90 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1393 end-page=1398 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1978 dt-pub=19781230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental model of hyperargininemia U. Identification of guanidinosuccinic acid in urine of the arginine loaded rabbit and a possible pathway of its formation kn-title=実験的高アルギニン血症ウサギに関する研究 第2編 アルギニン大量負荷ウサギ尿中のguanidinosuccinic acidについて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Authentic guanidinosuccinic acid was converted into dimethylpyrimidyl derivative by reaction with acetylacetone, the carboxyl group was esterified by butylalcohol, and this derivative was analysed by the GC/MS technique. Then guanidinosuccinic acid was identified in urine of arginine loaded rabbit by means of selected ion recording. On the other hand, aspartic acid and isomolar of arginine was loaded simultaneously to rabbit, and a higher level of guanidinosuccinic acid was detected in the urine of 2 or 3 days and one week after. This fact suggest that guanidinosuccinic acid could be produced by transamidination of aspartic acid, receiving amidine group of arginine. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuwakiSadayoshi en-aut-sei=Suwaki en-aut-mei=Sadayoshi kn-aut-name=洲脇貞吉 kn-aut-sei=洲脇 kn-aut-mei=貞吉 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=90 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=999 end-page=1013 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1978 dt-pub=197808 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Purification and properties of a high molecular weight acid soluble nuclear protein from mouse ascites sarcoma cells kn-title=マウス腹水肉腫細胞核からの高分子量酸可溶性蛋白質の精製とその性質 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A high molecular weight acid soluble nuclear protein (HAN-1) was isolated in a electrophoretically homogeneous state from mouse ascites sarcoma cells (SR-C3H cells) by the exclusion chromatography in Sephacryl S-200 and the DEAE-Sephadex chromatography of the nuclear 0.2M H(2)SO(4) extract. The content of HAN-1 in SR-C3H nuclei was about 4.3% per total histone, the highest among the cell types tested. The molecular weight of HAN-1 was estimated to be 125,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of HAN-1 was rich in glutamic acid, alanine, lysine and aspartic acid, the acidic/basic amino acid ratio 1.8. The in vitro RNA synthesizing activity of SR-C3H cell RNA polymerases T and U on a naked DNA template was differentially affected by HAN-1; the reaction with polymerase I was inhibited and that with polymerase U stimulated. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsutsuiKimiko en-aut-sei=Tsutsui en-aut-mei=Kimiko kn-aut-name=筒井公子 kn-aut-sei=筒井 kn-aut-mei=公子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部癌源研究施設生化学部門 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=90 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=159 end-page=165 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1978 dt-pub=19780228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Free amino acids and ammonia in rat blood and cerebral cortex following L-asparaginase administration kn-title=L-asparaginaseによるラツト血液および脳中の遊離アミノ酸とNH(3)の変化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The enzyme L-asparaginase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the amino acids L-asparagine and L-glutamine to aspartic acid, glutamic acid and ammonia, is useful in the treatment of patients with acute leukemia. However, acute and delayed cerebral dysfunction often occurs in leukemic patients treated by L-asparaginase. Large amounts of L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid and ammonia may be liberated by the enzymatic action of L-asparaginase on its substrates L-asparagine and L-glutamine. The ensuing amino acid depletion or its excess may affect brain metabolism and lead to clinical abnormalities. The present paper reports on free amino acid levels and ammonia content in rat serum and cerebral cortex after L-asparaginase administration. Wistar male rats were used throughout this investigation. The acute experimental animals were administered 0.2ml of normal saline containing L-asparaginase (about 500 I.U./Kg B.W.) intraperitoneally and the acute control animals were given 0.2ml of normal saline intraperitoneally. 24h after this single administration, all rats were decapitated, and blood and cortex were collected for the estimation of free amino acids and ammonia. The acute L-asparaginase group showed some significant differences in serum compared to the control group. The most remarkable finding was the absence of asparagine. Aspartic acid and ammonia were elevated significantly; valine and methionine decreased significantly. In the cerebral cortex, aspartic acid and ammonia showed an insignificant change, but some other amino acids serine, glutamine, glycine, GABA and l-methylhistidine were significantly elevated. The chronic experimental group received 0.2ml of saline containing L-asparaginase (about 500 I.U./Kg B.W.) intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days. The chronic control group received 0.2ml of saline intraperitoneally in the same regime with the experimental group. All rats were fed a ground commercial diet and water ad libitum. The animals were housed in two large cages (the control cage and the experimental cage) in a dark-light room with alernating 12h dark-light cycles. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, all rats were decapitated for collection of blood and cerebral cortex. The chronic L-asparaginase group showed the absence of asparagine and significant increase of aspartic acid in serum similar to the acute L-asparaginase group but an insignificant increase of ammonia in blood. In addition to this finding, threonine, serine, glutamic acid and glycine were elevated significantly. In the cerebral cortex of the chronic L-asparaginase-treated animals, threonine, glycine and l-methylhistidine were significantly elevated compared to the control. It will be difficult to infer from our present data that the cerebral dysfunction induced by L-asparaginase may be correlated mainly with increased levels of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and ammonia in the cerebral cortex. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShohmoriT. en-aut-sei=Shohmori en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name=庄盛敏廉 kn-aut-sei=庄盛 kn-aut-mei=敏廉 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KaneyukiT. en-aut-sei=Kaneyuki en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name=金行孝雄 kn-aut-sei=金行 kn-aut-mei=孝雄 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiT. en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name=土井亨 kn-aut-sei=土井 kn-aut-mei=亨 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitaniK. en-aut-sei=Mitani en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name=三谷和史 kn-aut-sei=三谷 kn-aut-mei=和史 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KohsakaM. en-aut-sei=Kohsaka en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name=高坂睦年 kn-aut-sei=高坂 kn-aut-mei=睦年 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡大医学部脳代謝研究施設病態生化学部門脳代謝神経科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡大医学部脳代謝研究施設病態生化学部門脳代謝神経科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡大医学部脳代謝研究施設病態生化学部門脳代謝神経科 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡大医学部脳代謝研究施設病態生化学部門脳代謝神経科 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡大医学部脳代謝研究施設病態生化学部門脳代謝神経科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=99 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1517 end-page=1528 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1987 dt-pub=19871230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Regional changes in amino acid levels in the brain of E1 mice due to convulsive disposition and seizures kn-title=E1マウス脳内遊離アミノ酸のけいれん準備性獲得及びけいれんに伴う局所的変動に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Inbred mutant El mice are highly susceptible to convulsive seizures upon stimulation by "throwing". Amino acid levels were analyzed in the cortex, hippocampus, midrain, hypothalamus, pons-medulla oblongata and cerebellum of non-stimulated El mice [El(-)], of stimulated El mice [El(+)] during the interictal period and ddY mice (ddY) (controls) using an amino acid analyzer. Levels of aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and taurine were generally higher in the brains of E1 mice than those of ddY mice. Levels of aspartate, glutamate and GABA were lower in the brains of El(+) mice than those of El(-) mice. No significant difference was found in the hypothalamus. In addition, changes in amino acid levels were examined during the pre-convulsive stage, during convulsions and after convulsions of El(+) mice. The glutamate level was generally increased during the pre-convulsive stage, but other amino acids such as aspartate, glutamine, GABA and tauirne were decreased at that time compared to the interictal levels. These changes in amino acids were mostly found in the cortex, hippocampus and midbrain. These results suggest that glutamate may play a role in the triggering of seizures in El mice. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuzukiShigeo en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Shigeo kn-aut-name=鈴木茂生 kn-aut-sei=鈴木 kn-aut-mei=茂生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 en-keyword=E1マウス kn-keyword=E1マウス en-keyword=けいれん準備性 kn-keyword=けいれん準備性 en-keyword=脳 kn-keyword=脳 en-keyword=グルタミン酸 kn-keyword=グルタミン酸 en-keyword=アミノ酸 kn-keyword=アミノ酸 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=100 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=599 end-page=608 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1988 dt-pub=1988 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Metabolic pathway of guanidinosuccinic acid biosynthesis kn-title=グアニジノコハク酸生合成経路に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to understand the metabolic abnormalities occurring with renal failure, the biosynthetic pathway of guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) was investigated in normal rat liver, because GSA is known as a uremic toxin and its synthetic pathway is unclear.After fresh liver was homogenized and centrifuged for 60 min at 100,000×g, the supernatant was fractionated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. It was found that the activity of GSA biosynthetic enzymes was highest in the fraction between 30% and 40% saturation of ammonium sulfate. The reaction mixture contained potassium phosphate buffer (pH7.4), aspartate, urea, ATP and an ATP-generating system, MnCl(2), and enzyme solution. The optimum pH was 7.4. The activity was strongly accelerated by Mn(++) and Cu(++), while it was completely inhibited by Fe(++). Hydroxyurea, L-canaline, L-canavanine, and L-arginine could not substitute for urea.These results suggest that GSA is not formed by the transamidination of arginine to aspartate as proposed by Cohen, or by way of the guanidine cycles proposed by Natelson. It is possible that GSA is mainly synthesized from urea and aspartate directly in rat liver. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsudaRikiya en-aut-sei=Matsuda en-aut-mei=Rikiya kn-aut-name=松田力哉 kn-aut-sei=松田 kn-aut-mei=力哉 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部麻酔・蘇生学教室 en-keyword=guanidinosuccinic acid kn-keyword=guanidinosuccinic acid en-keyword=enzyme activity kn-keyword=enzyme activity en-keyword=metabolic pathway kn-keyword=metabolic pathway en-keyword=urea kn-keyword=urea en-keyword=Guanidine Cycle kn-keyword=Guanidine Cycle END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=78 cd-vols= no-issue=2-3 article-no= start-page=235 end-page=257 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1966 dt-pub=19660330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=超低体温法の研究 特に大脳皮質遊離γ-アミノ酪酸,グルタミン酸,アスパラギン酸について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Effects of profound hypothermia on free amino acids in the cerebral cortex, especially on γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which have been believed to have intimate relationship to the cerebral function and metabolism, were studied in this report. Furthermore, effects of cytochrom C, pyridoxal phosphate and adenosine triphosphate on them in profound hypothermia were also investigated. Until 25°C, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid were decreased, whereas aspartic acid was almost constant. At 20°C γ-aminobutyric acid and aspartic acid were increased, on the other hand glutamic acid was constant. In the control group, in which respiration was not artificially maintained, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid were increased below 15°C and 10°C, respectively, while aspartic acid was almost constant. In the group, in which respiration was artificially continued after respiratory arrest (respired group), patterns of alterations in the free amino acids were different between normothermia to 25°C, 25°C to 20°C, 20°C to 15°C and 15°C to 10°C. Among them, the alteration between 25 to 20°C and 20 to 15°C seemed to be most prominent. Below 20°C, amounts of the 3 amino acids in the respired group were less than those in the control group. Amounts of the 3 amino acids in the respired group during cooling were more than those in the rewarmed group, except that of γ-aminobutyric acid in the rewarmed group at 25-30°C, which means that recovery of amino acid content from hypothermia was started after that of γ-aminobutyric acid. In the rewarmed group there was no difference in amino acid content between the group in which cardiac action and respiration were not resuscitated and the group in which only cardiac action was resuscitated, while there were prominent differences between the group in which only cardiac action was resuscitated and the group in which both cardiac action and respiration were resuscitated. Namely amounts of glutamic acid and aspartic acid in the former were more than those in the latter, but the difference of aspartic acid in both groups was statistically significant, but actually indefinite. In the rewarmed group resuscitation of respiration prevented further increase of glutamic acid and accelerated decrease of aspartic acid. There was no relationship to resuscitation of the heart. Cytochrom C delayed hypothermic change of γ-aminobutyric acid about 5°C and made hypothermic alterations of the other 2 amino acids less prominent. Pyridoxal phosphate and adenosine triphosphate alleviated hypothermic alterations in the 3 amino acids. On the results mentioned above, it was concluded that amounts of free γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid and aspartic acid changed intimately with alterations of brain temperature, i.e. body temperature. Cytochrom C, pyridoxal phosphate and adenosine triphosphate alleviated hypothermic changes in the 3 amino acids. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SekiShuji en-aut-sei=Seki en-aut-mei=Shuji kn-aut-name=関洲二 kn-aut-sei=関 kn-aut-mei=洲二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部砂田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=102 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=129 end-page=141 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1990 dt-pub=199002 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Biochemical changes in the rat brain in the chronic stage after transient forebrain ischemia kn-title=一過性虚血後の慢性期ラット脳における生化学的変化に検する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In recent years, cases of sequelae of cerebrovascular disease such as vascular dementia due to death of many neurons have been increasing. Such neuronal death following brain ischemia had been considerd to be due to an energy deficiency resulting from an impaired respiratory chain. However, the detection of the delayed neuronal death showed that neuronal death is not caused by mere energy deficiency. Most previous studies on delayed neuronal death focused on the changes in morphology and energy metabolism in the acute to subacutte stage. There are few reports concerning biochemical changes in the chronic stage, especially in neurotransmitter receptors. Transient ischemia for 20 minutes in a rat four-vessel occlusion model was induced, and serial histological and biochemical changes were evaluated until the chronic stage. Destruction of pyramidal cells in the CAI area of the hippocampus was completed by 10 days after cerebral ischemia followed by recirculation of cerebral blood flow. Light microscopy showed no progression after this day. The level of acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly decreased in the hippocampus, striatum, and frontal cortex at the termination of ischemia but recovered to normal 21 days after recirculation of cerebral blood flow. The binding sites of muscarinic ACh receptors (mACh-R) per usit of protein were increased in the hippocampus 21 days after recirculation of blood flow. However, no changes were observed in the total number of mACh-R in the entire hippocampus. Thuse finings suggest no changes in the ACh neuronal system in the chronic stage and no direct association between this ayatem and delayed neuronal death. On the other hand, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, a subtype of glutamate receptirs, showed no change in the hippocampus until after 10 days, but decreased to half after 21 days despite no evidence of histological progression of neuronal death. Thus, delayed neuronal death after transient forebrain ischemia appears to be deu to release of glutamate, an excitatory amino acid. Our findingd show the specific death of neurons with NMDA receptors for glutamate. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshikawaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Yoshikawa en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=吉川寛 kn-aut-sei=吉川 kn-aut-mei=寛 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 en-keyword=ischemia kn-keyword=ischemia en-keyword=acetylcholine kn-keyword=acetylcholine en-keyword=muscarinic acetylcholine receptor kn-keyword=muscarinic acetylcholine receptor en-keyword=N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor kn-keyword=N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor en-keyword=delayed neuronal death kn-keyword=delayed neuronal death END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=281 end-page=292 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=1991 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pharmacological specificity of antipsychotic, antiischemic and some other drugs for σ receptors labeled with [(3)H] haloperidol kn-title=ラット脳内 σ 受容体の薬理学的特異性に関する研究―とくに抗精神病薬との抗虚血剤の作用について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Pharmacological specificity of several classes of drugs such as antipsychotics and antiischemic agents was assessed for σ receptors labeled with [(3)H] haloperidol. Specific binding of [(3)H] haloperidol in the presence of 25 nM spiperone was saturable and high affinity )Kd=1.96±1.31 nM, Bmax=2.37±0.27pmol/mg of protein;n=8). Among the 29 antipsychotics tested in inhibition studies, bromperidol and haloperidol were the most potent inhibitors (Ki=0.9nM, 1.0nM, respectively). The conventional antipsychotics moperone, timiperone etc. and the novel promising drugs YM-09151, Y-516, BMY-14802 and remoxipride potently inhibited [(3)H] haloperidol binding with the Ki in the range of low to moderate nanomolar. On the other hand, among the other 27 drugs tested, the antispasmodics eperisone and tolperisone, the antiischemic agents ifenprodil, the Ca(2+) antagonist flunarizine and cinnarizine, and the antitussives carbetapentane, cloperastine and dextromethorphan, were especially potent inhibitors. These results, taken together with the evidence that the antiischemic agents ifenprodil and dextromethorphan antagozine NMDA responses and NMDA receptor complex is a possible site of action for neuroprotective agents, strongly suggest that σ receptors may be potential sites of action for antiischemic as well as antipsychotic drugs, i.e., σ receptors mediate the neuroprotective effects of certain antiischemic agents by affecting the NMDA receptor complex. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ZushiYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Zushi en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name=図子義文 kn-aut-sei=図子 kn-aut-mei=義文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 en-keyword=sigma receptors kn-keyword=sigma receptors en-keyword=antipsychotics kn-keyword=antipsychotics en-keyword=ifenprodil kn-keyword=ifenprodil en-keyword=dextromethorophan kn-keyword=dextromethorophan en-keyword=eperisone kn-keyword=eperisone END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=173 end-page=181 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=1991 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of heparin-urokinase on the brain damage induced by complete global brain ischemia kn-title=完全全脳虚血後の脳障害に対するへパリン・ウロキナーゼ併用療法の効果に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The effect of heparin-urokinase (H-U) on the prevention of brain damage induced by ischemia was evaluated in 31 dogs subjected to an 18 min of complete global brain ischemia. Complete brain ischemia was produced by clamping the ascending aorta with aorto-atrial and aorto-femoral bypass formation. Post-ischemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) and other hemodynamic parameters were measured for 7 hours after ischemia in 15 dogs (acute study). Neurologic outcome was evaluated for 7 days after ischemia in 16 dogs (chronic study). Fifteen minutes after restoration of circulation to the brain, an intravenous bolus of heparin 100 I.U./kg and urokinase 3000 I.U./kg, was given, followed by continuous intravenous infusion of heparin 0.25 I.U./kg/min and urokinase 8.3 I.U./kg/min for 6 hours. H-U significantly improved both post-ischemic CBF and neurologic outcome. H-U was effective in treating brain damage when given 15 min after ischemia. These results suggest that H-U improved both post ischemic CBF and neurologic outcome owing to amelioration of the deterioration of microcirculation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorimotoNaoki en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name=森本直樹 kn-aut-sei=森本 kn-aut-mei=直樹 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部麻酔・蘇生学教室 en-keyword=完全全脳虚血 kn-keyword=完全全脳虚血 en-keyword=へパリン kn-keyword=へパリン en-keyword=ウロキナーゼ kn-keyword=ウロキナーゼ en-keyword=No-reflow 現象 kn-keyword=No-reflow 現象 en-keyword=遅発性脳血流減少 kn-keyword=遅発性脳血流減少 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=471 end-page=482 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=1992 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of typtophan metabolites on brain function : Electrocorticographical study kn-title=トリプトファン代謝産物のラット脳機能に対する影響の研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The effects of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites administered into right cerebroventricle (1μmol) on the electrocorticograms (ECoG) of rats were studied to investigate the roles of Trp metabolites in the brain function. Kynurenine, anthranilic acid, and xanthurenic acid has no effect on ECoG until the end of recording 4 hours after the administration. 3-Hydroxykynurenine had a suppressive effect on the ECoG transitory, and kynurenic acid suppressed ECoG slightly. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid which is a metabolite of 3-hydroxykynurenine, induced spike discharges with a long latency (60-230 min after the administration). 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is thought to be metabolized to o-aminophenol, quinolinic acid and picolinic acid. Among the 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid metabolites, o-aminophenol induced spike discharges a few min after the administration, and the spike discharges a few min after the administrations, and the spike discharges lasted 60 min. On the other hand, quinolinic acid suppressed ECoG, and picolinic acid had no effect. These electrocorticographic findings suggest that 3- hydroxyanthranilc acid might induce spike discharges after metabolization to o-aminophenol. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishijimaYutaka en-aut-sei=Nishijima en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name=西嶋寛 kn-aut-sei=西嶋 kn-aut-mei=寛 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学歯学部口腔外科学第一講座 en-keyword=kynurenic acid kn-keyword=kynurenic acid en-keyword=3-hydroxyanthranilic acid kn-keyword=3-hydroxyanthranilic acid en-keyword=o-aminophenol kn-keyword=o-aminophenol en-keyword=quinolinic acid kn-keyword=quinolinic acid en-keyword=experimental seizures kn-keyword=experimental seizures END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=221 end-page=234 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=1992 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of kainic acid, quisqualic acid and their antagonist on rat electrocorticoprams and on monoamine metabolite levels in rat striatum estimated by brain dialysis method kn-title=カイニン酸, キスカル酸およびその拮抗薬投与にともなう脳波および線条体モノアミン代謝産物の変動 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The CNS action of kanie acid (KA), quisqualic acid (QA) and 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-piperazine-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid (pCB-PzDA) was investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats, and their effects on monoamina metabolite levels in rat striatum were studied using brain dialysis. Intracerebroventricularly injected KA and QA (100nmol) induced spike discharges, and pCB-PzDA (100nmol) suppressed electrocorticograms (ECoG) for 1 hour. pCB-PzDA aggravated KA induced spike discharges and inhibited QA-induced spike discharges. Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels increased transitorily by injection of 100nmol and continuously by injection of 100nmol of KA. KA increased the 5-hydroxyindoleachtic acid (5-HIAA) level 2 hours after the administration dose-dependently. Though 10nmol of QA increased the HVA level slightly, 100nmol of QA increased the DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA levels. Though 100nmol of pCB-PzDA increased the DOPAC and HVA levels, it inhibited the increases in DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA levels induced by KA. On the other hand,pCB-PzDA inhibited the increases in DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA levels induced by QA for 1 hour, after which the DOPAC and HVA levels increased additively. These finding suggest that pCB-PzDA acts not only as a non-NMDA antagonist but also on dopaminergic neurons directly. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoMasatsune en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Masatsune kn-aut-name=山本正恒 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=正恒 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 en-keyword=kainic acid kn-keyword=kainic acid en-keyword=quisqualic acid kn-keyword=quisqualic acid en-keyword=pCB-PzDA kn-keyword=pCB-PzDA en-keyword=brain dialysis kn-keyword=brain dialysis en-keyword=monoamine metabolism kn-keyword=monoamine metabolism END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=769 end-page=778 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=199108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Striatal extracellular levels of dopamine and its metabolites during kainate-induced limbic seizures in freely-moving rats measured by brain microdialysis kn-title=カイニン酸誘発けいれんにおける細胞外ドパミン量の経時的変化―脳内微小透析法を用いた実験的研究― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To investigate the role of brain dopaminergic systems in epilepsy, striatal extracellular levels of dopamins (DA) and its metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : DOPAC and homovanillic acid : HVA) were measured during kainate-induced limbic seizures in freely-moving rats, using brain microdialysis. DA and its metabolites were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Systemic injection of kainate (10mg/s, i. p.), which caused stable limbic seizures, significantly decreased the levels of DA and its metabolites. Intrahippocampal injection of kainae (2.5nmol), which also caused limbic seizures, significantly decreased only the DA levels, while DOPAC and HVA levels were unchanged. Similar to the results of the systemic injectjon, intrastriatal perfusion of kainate (10(-2) or 10(-6) M) significantly decreased the levels of DA, DOPAC and HVA in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that, during kainate-induced limbic seizures, DA release was significantly reduced in the striatum. In conclusion, the hypofunction of striatal dopaminergic systems is related to the initiation and progress in epileptic seizures. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhnishiMasaru en-aut-sei=Ohnishi en-aut-mei=Masaru kn-aut-name=大西勝 kn-aut-sei=大西 kn-aut-mei=勝 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 en-keyword=kainate kn-keyword=kainate en-keyword=brain microdialysis kn-keyword=brain microdialysis en-keyword=dopamine kn-keyword=dopamine en-keyword=striatum kn-keyword=striatum en-keyword=epilepsy kn-keyword=epilepsy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=105 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=205 end-page=216 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=19930227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of lithium carbonate on brain injury induced by complete global brain ischemia in dogs kn-title=完全全脳虚血後の脳障害に対する炭酸リチウムの効果に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The efficacy of lithium carbonate (Li) in preventing ischemic brain injury was evaluated in 36 dogs in a vegetative state. The dogs were subjected to 18 minutes of complete global brain ischemia and diveded into the following three groups ; control group (n=12), L-T group (n=12), and L-U group (n=12). In the L-Tand L-Ugroups, dogs were administered Li (10mg/kg) immediately after the end of ischemia (post-treatment). Only in the L-U group, dogs were administered Li (100mg/kg) orally one day before the ischemic insult (pre-treatment). In each group, nuerologic outcome was evaluated for seven days after ischemia, and morphological changes in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, small to medium-sized striatal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells were evaluated at day seven. In the L-U group, neutrologic outcome was significantly better than that in the control group, and morphological improvement was recognized. Pre-treatment with Li might improve both neurologic and morphologic outcomes due to powerful inhibition of the stimulated phosphoinositide turnover during ishchemia. These fingings suggest that the stimulated phosphoinositide turnover during and immediately after ischemia might play an important role in brain injury induced by 18 minutes of complete global brain ischemia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YaidaYutaka en-aut-sei=Yaida en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name=八井田豊 kn-aut-sei=八井田 kn-aut-mei=豊 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部麻酔・蘇生学教室 en-keyword=完全全脳虚血 kn-keyword=完全全脳虚血 en-keyword=イノシトールリン脂質作動系 kn-keyword=イノシトールリン脂質作動系 en-keyword=炭酸リチウム kn-keyword=炭酸リチウム END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=103 end-page=115 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=199402 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Immunohistocemical analysis of glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells in the hippocampus of E1 mice kn-title=E1マウスの海馬におけるグルタミン酸,γ-アミノ酪酸及び glial fibrillary acidic protein の免疫組織化学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid and glial fibrillary accidic protenin positive cells in the hippocampus of E1 mice and ddY mice were examined immunohistochemically. The shape of glutamic acid positive cells in CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 of hippocampus were expanded compar-ed to that of ddY mice. There was a space between cells and cells containing glutamic acid and the nucleus of such cells was larger in the CA1 of E1 mice than that of ddY mice. The glutamic acid cells were irregular and the nucleus was larger in the gyrus dentantus of E1 mice than that of ddY mice. There was an intermittence in the process of glutamic acid cells in the area of of str. radiatum of E1 mice. γ-Aminobutyric acid-posititve cells seemed to be expanded in CA1 of CA2, CA3, and CA4 and gyrus dentatus and there was space between such cells in the CA1 of E1 mice. Large γ-aminobutyric acid positive cells, which were located close to the gyrus dentatus in ddY mice, were not found in E1 mice. The number of γ-aminobutyric acid-positive cells was lower in E1 mice than in ddY mice. A greater number of glial fibrillary acidic protein postive cells was found in the area of the hippocampus in E1 mice than in ddY mice. These results suggest that E1 mice are genetically epileptic mice. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuhMoon-Suk en-aut-sei=Suh en-aut-mei=Moon-Suk kn-aut-name=徐文錫 kn-aut-sei=徐 kn-aut-mei=文錫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部分子細胞医学研究施設神経情報学部門 en-keyword=E1マウス kn-keyword=E1マウス en-keyword=グルタミン酸 kn-keyword=グルタミン酸 en-keyword=γ-アミノ酪酸 kn-keyword=γ-アミノ酪酸 en-keyword=免疫組織化学 kn-keyword=免疫組織化学 en-keyword=海馬 kn-keyword=海馬 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=107 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=131 end-page=141 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19950831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Adenosines as preventive preparations of post-traumatic epilepsy kn-title=アデノシン関連物質による外傷性てんかん発症予防に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As oxidation of neural membranes by reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydroxyl radicals (・OH), is involved in the biochemical pathogenesis of post-traumatic epilepsy, post-traumatic epilepsy is thought to be prevented by treatment with ROS scavengers. In the present study, I first examined the effects of adenosine (Ado), 2-chloroadenosine (CI-Ado) and guanosine on ・OH and superoxide anion (O(-)(2)), generated by the Fenton reagent and the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system, respectively, using electron spin resonance spectrometry. I also examined the effecta of Ado and Cl-Ado on the occurrence of epileptic discharges on the electrocorticogram (ECoG) induced by FeCl(3) injection (500nmol) into the sensorimotor cortex of rats, i.e., a model of an experimental post-traumatic epilepsy. Although O(-)(2) was not scavenged, ・OH were scavenged by Ado and Cl-Ado dose-dependently. The scavenging activity of Ado was 4 times stronger then thst of Cl-Ado. On the ECoG of rats given FeCl(3), sporadic spike discharges, polyspikes and/or ictal patterns started to be observed 15-90 min after the injection. Epileptic discharges did not appear or their occurrence was delayed by the intraperitioneal injection of Ado (5mg/kg) or Cl-Ado (1mg/kg) 30 min prior to the FeCl(3) injection, although Cl-Ado showed a chronotropic action. Thus Ado and Ci-Ado may be useful in the prevention and the attenuation of progression of post-traumatic epilepsy by scavenging ・OH and by their anticonvulsant effect. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TomaJunji en-aut-sei=Toma en-aut-mei=Junji kn-aut-name=当真純二 kn-aut-sei=当真 kn-aut-mei=純二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属分子細胞医学研究施設神経情報学部門 en-keyword=adenosine kn-keyword=adenosine en-keyword=chloroadenosine kn-keyword=chloroadenosine en-keyword=radical scavenger kn-keyword=radical scavenger en-keyword=post-traumatic epilepsy kn-keyword=post-traumatic epilepsy en-keyword=experimental epilepsy kn-keyword=experimental epilepsy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=107 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=91 end-page=98 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19950831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Immobilization stress affected free radicals, superoxide dismutase activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the rat brain kn-title=拘束スレレスのラット脳内フリーラジカル, スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ活性およびチオバルビツール酸反応物質への影響に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Immobilization stress for 6 hours induced hemorrhagic erosion in the rat stomach. Hydroxyl radicals singnificantly increased in the pons-medulla oblongata in stressed rats. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was enhanced in the midbrain but was lowered in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in stressed rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased by stress in the cortex and midbrain. These finding suggested that immobilization stress generated hydroxyl radicals and accelerated lipid peroxidation, and affected mitocho-drial SOD activity which may lead to neuronal damage in stressed rats. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamuraYouko en-aut-sei=Okamura en-aut-mei=Youko kn-aut-name=岡村容子 kn-aut-sei=岡村 kn-aut-mei=容子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属分子細胞医学研究施設神経情報学部門 en-keyword=拘束ストレス kn-keyword=拘束ストレス en-keyword=ヒドロキシルラジカル kn-keyword=ヒドロキシルラジカル en-keyword=スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ活性 kn-keyword=スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ活性 en-keyword=チオバルビツール酸反応物質 kn-keyword=チオバルビツール酸反応物質 en-keyword=脳 kn-keyword=脳 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=107 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=69 end-page=78 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1995 dt-pub=19950831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effect of zonisamide on neurotransmitter release from hippocampal slice of E1 mice : A study of neurotransmitter release using an improved experimemtal system kn-title=改良型神経伝達物質放出測定装置によるE1マウス海馬切片よりの神経伝達物質放出と抗てんかん薬ゾニサミドの影響に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Using an experimental apparatus for estimating neurotransmitter release from brain slices, which involved an improved type of perfusion chamber and more well-controlled tube lines than the previous one were aspartic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from hippocampal slices from epileptic E1 mice estimated more exactly and stably. Zonisamide had no effect on the aspartic acid release from hippocampal slices of E1 mice by zonisamide. However, zonisamide accelerated dose dependently GABA release from hippocampal slices of non-stimulated E1 mice, though no such acceleration was observed in stimulated E1 mice, i. e., repeatedly convulsed E1 mice. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=EndoAtsushi en-aut-sei=Endo en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name=遠藤敦 kn-aut-sei=遠藤 kn-aut-mei=敦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部附属分子細胞医学研究施設神経情報学部門 en-keyword=E1マウス kn-keyword=E1マウス en-keyword=アスパラギン酸 kn-keyword=アスパラギン酸 en-keyword=γ-アミノ酪酸 kn-keyword=γ-アミノ酪酸 en-keyword=ゾニサミド kn-keyword=ゾニサミド en-keyword=けいれん kn-keyword=けいれん END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=119 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=119 end-page=125 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20070903 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Molecular biological studies of schizophrenia with a focus on genetics kn-title=統合失調症の分子病態研究について - 遺伝子研究を中心に - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoritaYukitaka en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Yukitaka kn-aut-name=森田幸孝 kn-aut-sei=森田 kn-aut-mei=幸孝 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UjikeHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ujike en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=氏家寛 kn-aut-sei=氏家 kn-aut-mei=寛 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaShigetoshi en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Shigetoshi kn-aut-name=黒田重利 kn-aut-sei=黒田 kn-aut-mei=重利 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 精神神経病態学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 精神神経病態学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 精神神経病態学 en-keyword=統合失調症 kn-keyword=統合失調症 en-keyword=遺伝子研究 kn-keyword=遺伝子研究 en-keyword=多因子遺伝 kn-keyword=多因子遺伝 en-keyword=NMDA仮説 kn-keyword=NMDA仮説 en-keyword=セリンラセメース kn-keyword=セリンラセメース END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20070323 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=ヒスタミンN-メチル基転移酵素阻害薬，アモジアキンのP. acnes-LPS誘発性肝炎におよぼす効果 kn-title=Effect of amodiaquine, a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor, on Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in mice en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We examined whether treatment with amodiaquine, a potent inhibitor of histamine N-methyltransferase protects mice from Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)-primed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitis. The subcutaneous injection of amodiaquine (2 and 5 mg/kg) significantly increased the histamine levels in the liver in comparison to saline treated mice. Pretreatment with amodiaquine also improved the survival rate of the hepatitis mice, and this improvement was partially associated with the decrease in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Amodiaquine partially suppressed increases of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the serum and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the liver, whereas the expression of interleukin (IL)-18, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12 in the liver was not changed by amodiaquine treatment. In conclusion, the present findings suggested that the elevation of endogenous histamine by amodiaquine may thus play a protective role through the regulation of TNF-alpha production in endotoxin-induced hepatic injury mice. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YokoyamaAkira en-aut-sei=Yokoyama en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name=横山玲 kn-aut-sei=横山 kn-aut-mei=玲 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Amodiaquine kn-keyword=Amodiaquine en-keyword=Propionibacterium acnes kn-keyword=Propionibacterium acnes en-keyword=Lipopolysaccharide kn-keyword=Lipopolysaccharide en-keyword=Hepatitis kn-keyword=Hepatitis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=103 end-page=106 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2006 dt-pub=20060315 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Synthesis of Novel Temperature-responsive Polymer Gel of Poly(aspartic acid)s kn-title=ポリアスパラギン酸系温度応答性ゲルの創製 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, thermo-responsive polymer gels have been studied in various research fields such as drug delivery system. One of represetative thermo-responsive polymer gels is poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel (PNIPAAm) that has a rapid and reversible volume phase transition. However, PNIPAAm is not biodegradable, resulting in limitation of its use in medical fields. Novel thermo-responsive polymer gel was prepared by closslinking of isopropylamine modified poly(succinimide) (IPA-PSI) (Poly[α,β -(DL-aspartate isopropyl amide)-co-(succinimide)]) with hexamethylenediamine. Because of peptide bonds in backbone, therefore, it is expected to possess biodegradability and biocompatibility. These gels changed their volume in response to change of environment such as temperature, pH and concentration of salt in water. Crosslinkage density and substitution degree of IPA-PSI affected volume phase transition bahavior of the gel. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UeharaHiroki en-aut-sei=Uehara en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name=上原広樹 kn-aut-sei=上原 kn-aut-mei=広樹 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanimotoFumiaki en-aut-sei=Tanimoto en-aut-mei=Fumiaki kn-aut-name=谷元史明 kn-aut-sei=谷元 kn-aut-mei=史明 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitamuraYoshiro en-aut-sei=Kitamura en-aut-mei=Yoshiro kn-aut-name=北村吉朗 kn-aut-sei=北村 kn-aut-mei=吉朗 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshizawaHidekazu en-aut-sei=Yoshizawa en-aut-mei=Hidekazu kn-aut-name=吉澤秀和 kn-aut-sei=吉澤 kn-aut-mei=秀和 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Thermo-responsive polymer gel kn-keyword=Thermo-responsive polymer gel en-keyword=Biodegradable polymer kn-keyword=Biodegradable polymer en-keyword=Poly(aspartic acid) kn-keyword=Poly(aspartic acid) en-keyword=Lower Critical Solution Temperature(LCST) kn-keyword=Lower Critical Solution Temperature(LCST) en-keyword=Drug delivery system(DDS) kn-keyword=Drug delivery system(DDS) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=19910328 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Elマウスの大脳皮質におけるアスパラギン酸の re-lease に関する研究 kn-title=Aspartic acid release from cerebral cortical slices of El mice with high seizure susceptibility en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=東原慶和 kn-aut-sei=東原 kn-aut-mei=慶和 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END