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The serum iron contents and the number of sideroblasts from various patients and the radioactivity of erythroblasts from the same patients incubated with Fe55 have been observed. The results have proved that in the case with accelerated erythropoietic function like polycythemia vera and in the iron deficient state like idiopathic hypochromic anemia, the serum iron level and the number of sideroblast are lower than those in normal persons and higher in radioactivity in erythroblasts, whereas in the case with low erythropoietic function like hypoplastic anemia the former values are higher and lower in radioactivity of erythroblasts. There is an inverse correlation between the average number of stainable iron granules and the average rate of radioactive iron appearance in erythroblasts, and the observation on these factors will give an important clue for judging the utilization process of iron in each disease. The limitation of the iron uptake correlating with the hemoglobin synthesis have been discussed.

On the median nerve trunk-heart muscle preparation of Limulus the authors studied the effects of atropine and acetylcholine upon the pace maker ganglion cells. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Atropine exerts an excitatory action on the pace maker ganglion cells in a concentration of 1-2 per cent. resulting in an increase of the heart rate. No effect is recognized on the heart beats, where the drug is applied to the heart muscle. (2) Acetylcholine exerts an excitatory action in a lower concentration (0.001-0.10 %) and produces a transitory excitation followed by an inhibition in a higher concentration (1-5 %). No effect is perceptible on the heart beats, when the drug is applied to the heart muscle. (3) Where atropine has been previously applied to the median nerve trunk, acetylcholine applied to the same spot produces always an inhibition of the heart beats. Conversely, when the ganglion cells activated previously by acetylcholine, a subsequent administration of atropine suppresses the activity of the ganglion cells, resulting in an inhibition of the heart beats.

The vector electrocardiographic method was applied on 126 healthy young Korean adults without any evidence of cardiac diseases. The range of the age of the subjects were between 19 and 34. The normal values of the magnitude and direction of the mean QRS, T, P vectors, ventricular gradient and QRS-T angle in frontal plane were presented and discussed in comparison with those previously reported in the literature. Considering the age of the subjects under study, our results were in general agreement with those previously reported by other authors.

The following conclusions were arrived at on the terminal distribution of the hepatic artery and its microscopical structures in the experiments conducted with the livers from human adult, fetus, dogs and toads, to which were given plastics, Indian ink and Indian-ink shock injections into their hepatic blood vessels. 1. There are arterial anastomotic networks of vasa vasorum in the portal wall. 2. The intralobular arterioles (Elias) and the extralobular arterioles (WEATHERFORD) often arise as direct branches without passing through the periductal arteriolar plexus. In the peripheral zone of the liver, this constitutes the main type of origin. 3. Besides the anastomoses between the intralobular arterioles of the adjacent lobules (Fig. 5), the periductal arteriolar plexus of the bile ducts to the neighboring lobules are interconnected by arterial branches surrounding the interlobular vein ("neighboring arteriolar anastomoses" by the author) (Figs. 2, 5). 4. The terminal arterioles reveal a curve and an isthmus (Figs. 1, 3, 5), where they are supposed to have epithelioid cells in the media. 5. The hepatic vein wall is supplied by the branches of the internal thoracic and phrenic arteries. These anastomose with the interlobular arteries in the interdigitation area of vessels. 6. In the toad the terminal distribution is of a simpler form, in which the arterial capillaries, with an S or a parabolic curve, being constricted by the marginal hepatic cells, join the sinusoid in capillary form. 7. In human fetus of the middle stage (Figs. 6, 7), most of the terminal arterial capillaries open directly to the interlobular hemopoietic tissue, and from there the blood flows into the sinusoid. The precapillaries have an S curve and an isthmus, where they have 3 or 4 primordial epithelioid cells. In other portion, the precapillaries form endothelial canals with little adventitia and open infundibularly to the hemopoietic tissue. These have been proved by the Indian-ink shock injection method. 8. In the fetus of the later stage (Figs. 8-11), with the reduction of interlobular hemopoietic tissue, its arterial branches become fewer, and many branches are connected directly to the hepatic sinusoid. They form a sharper S curve and an isthmus, where 4 or 5 epithelioid cells are differentiated. The arterial terminal branches are precapillaries of endothelial canals having little adventitia and no media muscle. 9. The subcapsular branches of the peripheral interlobular arteries anastomose with one another. Besides these, subcapsular branches come around the hilar region from the hepatic artery, furthermore some are derived from the biliary, inner thoracic, diaphragmatic, intercostal, subcostal, suprarenal and renal arteries. Anastomoses are found between all the subcapsular branches of different origins.

Electronmicroscope pictures of the thin sections of the shell of an ovum of Capillaria hepatica have been demonstrated. The shell is of two layers, an outer one with holes and an inner thick one. The inner layer is composed of several opaque sublapes 2 to 3 microns in width. The plug is 4 to 6 microns in diameter and has a granular zone near the outer surface.

To reveal the mechanism of liver damage by taking CCl4 the author observed the liver tissues from rats at 1.5, 5, 6, 10, 17, 20, and 22 hours after the CCl4 administration, both by light microscope and electron-microscope. 1. Light microscope observation revealed the swelling of liver cells in the carly stage, the appearance of centrolobular fatty degeneration, focal degeneration area and the appearance of balloon cells, with the circulatory disturbances in accompanying stages and hemorrhage in the later stage. 2. Electron-microscope observation revealed the swelling of mitochondria, appearance of the files of thin ER's in the early stage and the regeneration and degeneration of mitochondria with an increase of microbodies in number. Fat droplets are developed from small ones probably from some microbodies without correlation with mitochondria. 3. From these observations the author is of the opinion that CCl4 arrests the cells at first inducing the swelling of cells and their mitochondria, but later the degenerative changes will become severe being complicated by the anoxia which is induced by the circulatory disturbances caused by the compression of vessels with the swollen cells.

The soluble protein, whole soluble protein, globulin and albumin fraction from human placenta, both normal and toxemic, have been introduced repeatedly into normal and pregnant rabbits and histological changes in the liver were observed. The striking changes in the liver have been induced by treating the animals with the globulin fraction and histologic pictures suggest that the toxemic liver damage is of allergic nature.

1. After spinal transection at the medulla-spinal junction the thoracic respiratory movements no longer appear in the adult animals, nevertheless the sporadic spike discharges can be recorded from the intercostal muscles. 2. Both in the acute and chronic experiments the spinal cord is transected at the two levels of Th7 and Thl1 respectively and all the dorsal rootlets coming into that part of the cord lying between the transections are severed. The sporadic spike discharges with irregular intervals varying about 0.5 to 3.0 sec. can be recorded from intercostal muscles in the 8th to 10th segments of the spinal cord isolated. There can never be found any reflex influence of the skin stimulation upon the discharges, which also disappear provided the intercostal nerves innervating the muscles are severed. 3. From these results it may be concluded that the spinal cord is endowed with an ability to initiate the impulses autochthonously to excite the intercostal muscles, even though it is only poorly developed in the adult animals.

Caryophyllaeidae Claus, 1879 1. Glaridacris limnodrili Yamaguti, 1934 Bothriocephalidae Blanchard, 1849 2. Bothriocephalus fluviatilis n. sp. 3. B. lateolabracis n. sp. 4. B. branchiostegi n. sp. 5. B. acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 6. B. brotulae n. sp. 7. B. apogonis n. sp. 8. Oncodiscus sauridae Yamaguti, 1934 9. Glossobothrium nipponicum n. g., n. sp. Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899 10. Amphicotyle quinquarii n. sp. 11. Eubothrioides lamellatus n. g., n. sp. Phyllobothriidae Braun, 1900 12. Phyllobothrium triacis n. sp. 13. P. filiforme n. sp. 14. P. serratum n. sp. 15. P. laciniatum (Linton, 1889) 16. P. loculatum n. sp. 17. P. squali n. sp. 18. P. lactuca van Beneden, 1850 19. Anthobothrium rajae n. sp. 20. A. pteroplateae n. sp. 21. A. bifidum n. sp. 22. A. parvum Stossich, 1895 23. Orygmatobothrium musteli (van Beneden, 1850) 24. O. versatile Die3ing, 1854 25. Monorygma megacotyla n. sp. 26. Pithophorus vulpeculae n. sp. 27. Echeneibothrium bifidum n. sp. 28. E. tobijei Yamaguti, 1934 29. Marsupiobothrium alopias n. g ., n. sp. 30. Dinobothrium spinulosum n. sp. 31. Gastrolecithus planus (Linton, 1922) n. g. Onchobothriidae Braun, 1900 32. Acanthobothrium triads n. sp. 33. A. micracantha n. sp. 34. A. latum n. sp. 35. A. gracile n. sp. 36. A. dasybati Yamaguti, 1934 37. A. ijimai Yoshida, 1917 38. A. grandiceps n. sp. 39. Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rud., 1819) van Bened., 1850 40. Platybothrium auriculatum n. sp. 41. P. musteli n. sp. Aberrant Tetraphyllidea 42. Pelichnibothrium speciosum Montic., 1889 43. Discobothrium japonicum Yamaguti, 1934 Tentaculariidae Poche, 1926 44. Nyelinia manazo n. sp. 45. N. sphyrnae n. sp. Floricipitidae Dollfus, 1929 46. Floriceps uncinatus (Linton, 1924) Tetrarhynchidean larvae 47. Pintneriella musculicola Yamaguti. 1934 48. Microbothriorhynchus coelorhynchi n. g., n. sp. 49. Oncomegas wageneri (Linton, 1890) 50. Pterobothrium chaeturichthydis n. sp. 51. P. hira n. sp. 52. Callotetrarhynchus speciosus (Linton, 1897) 53. Symbothriorhynchus uranoscopi n. g., n. sp. 54. Nybelinia anguillae n. sp. 55. N. nipponica n. sp. 56. Otobothrium dipsacum Linton, 1897

The following results were obtained through the experiments on the cytochrome c oxidase activities and the analysis of the glycolysis and high energy phosphorus compounds in the normal bacteria and those fast to penicillin, sulfathiazol, 2.4-dimethylthiazdl, and macramin. 1. In the normal bacteria, the cytochrome c oxidase activities, glycolysis and high energy phosphorylated cycles increase accordto the order of S.57 s-type<S.57 r-type<staphylococcus aureus F. D. A. strain <staphylococcus aureus Terazima strain. 2. In the bacteria fast to penicillin originated these normal bacterial strain, the cytochrome c oxidase activities, glycolysis and high energy phosphorylated cycles increase, especially glycolysis. 3. In the bacteria fast to sulfathiazol, there are shown the same results as in the case of penicillin. 4. In the bacteria fast to 2.4-dimethylthiazol, the cytochrome c oxidase activities decrease, glycolysis increases markedly and high energy phosphorylated cycle decreases. 5. In the bacteria fast to macramin, these activities and cycles show no specific changes.

1. In normal adults and in patients of non-hepatic diseases a transient hyperbilirubinemia occurs after peroral administration of hemolysed blood. 2. In cases of severe anchylostomiasis the serum bilirubin displays a remarkable decrease, and on imposition of hemolysed blood, no hyperbilirubinemia occurs but a relative one may be seen. 3. In patients with highly impaired functions of the parenchymal cells of the liver, neither absolute nor relative hyperbilirubinemia occurs on similar imposition of hemolysed blood. 4. Imposed blood or hemoglobin seems primarily to be phagocytosed by the reticulo-endothelial system. 5. A similar transient hyperbilirubinemia is also seen in rabbits after peroral imposition of hemohsed blood. 6. When the functions of the reticulo-endothelial system are accelerated by administration of "Koha", even incases of nonimposition of blood a hyperbilirubinemia occurs, but when hemolysed blood is imposed an additional transient increase in the hyperbilirubinemia may be detected. 7. In cases of blockage of the reticulo- endothelial system, this degree in the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia is somewhat lower. 8. In cases of impaired liver cells by carbon tetrachloride, this decline is especially remarkable, and only a tendency of occurence can be dected. Since it is very difficult to explain this fact only by the co-existing impairment in the reticulo-endothelial system, the decline in the functions of the parenchymal cells of the liver must be placed under consideration. 9. By absorption tests of the intestines and by serological procedures, it is apparent that the perorally administerred hemoglobin may be readily absorbed from the jejunum, under any of these conditions. 10. Consequently, as for the cause of the hyperbilirubinemia occurring after peroral administration of hemolysed blood, most naturaly the reticulo-endothelial system participates, but it is impossible to neglect the part payed by the parenchymal cells of the liver.

1) I designed a new micro-method for complement fixation test by means of a capillary pipette. 2) By this method, the complement-fixing antibodies in an individual mouse could be tested without taking its life. 3} The complement fixation titers in mice immunized with Japanese B encephalitis had a considerable individuality. 4) An adjuvant containing anhydrous lanoline and paraffin-oil, when mixed with Japanese B encephalitis vaccine, was effective to potent complement-fixing antibody productions in mice to this antigen.

I. Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933 1. Ancyrocephalus macrogaster n. sp. 2. Ancyrocephalus bilobatus n. sp. 3. Ancyrocephalus spinicirrus n. sp. 4. Ancyrocephalus platycephali n. sp. 5. Haliotrema alatum Yamaguti, 1942 6. Haliotrema lutiani n. sp. 7. Haliotrema caesionis n. sp. 8. Haliotrema upenei n. sp. 9. Metahaliotrema scatophagi n. g., n. sp. 10. Metahaliotrema arii n. sp. 11. Pseudohaliotrema (Pseudohaliotrema) sphincteroporus n. g., n. sp. 12. Pseudohaliotrema (Pseudohaliotrema) sigani n. sp. 13. Pseudohaliotrema (Pseudohaliotrematoides) fusiforme n. subg., n. sp. 14. Hamatopeduncularia arii n. g., n. sp. 15. Diplectanum serrani n. sp. 16. Pseudolamellodiscus sphyraenae n. g., n. sp. 17. Lamellodiscus flexuosus n. sp. 18. Lamellodiscus convolutus n. sp. 19. Lamellodiscus difficilis n. sp. 20. Lamellodiscus duplicostatus n. sp. 21. Diplectanocotyla gracilis n. g., n. sp. II. Capsalidae Baird, 1853 22. Benedenia synagris n. sp. III. Mazocraeidae Price, 1936 23. Kuhnia scombri (Kuhn, 1829) Sproston, 1945 24. Kuhnia otolithis n. sp. IV. Discocotylidae Price, 1936 25. Allodiscocotyla chorinemi n. g., n. sp. 26. Vallisia chorinemi n. sp. 27. Protomicrocotyle celebesensis n. sp. V. Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 28. Metamicrocotyla bora n. g., n. sp. 29. Metamicrocotyla filiformis n. sp. 30. Heteromicrocotyla carangis n. g., n. sp. 31. Gotocotyla mesercei n. sp.

It has long been a clinically and experimentally well recognized fact that the hearing organs of man and animal would be impaired by the excessive sound stimuli. It has also been pointed out that the hearing organ of each man is not always impaired in the same degree by the same noise, and their impairments show the individual variation in a considerable range. It is indeed not too difficult to imagine, that, under the same acoustic condition, such individual variation of the acoustic impairment owes to the inherent disposition of each man. But at the same time, this individual variation may more or less owe to the patency of the ear tube; the normal tube having a physiological function to control the unnecessary acoustic stimuli, and on the contrary, the stenosed tube being devoid of this function, induces more impairment of the hearing organ. This latter suggestion, which occured to the author, led him to attempt the following experiment.

Das oben erwahnte Verfahren hat vor den anderen Methoden besonders die Vorzuge, 1) daβ man dadurch zu einem sicheren Resultat gelangen und gleichzeitig auch jedes Datum mit exakten Ziffern zum Ausdruck bringen kann, 2) daβ bei diesem Verfahren keineswegs erforderlich ist, eine bestimmte Anzahl von Keimen einschlieβende Bakterienaufschwemmung herzusteHen und auch Kontrollversuch anzustellen, 3) daβ es von den Fehlern des Mischverhaltnisses zwischen der Bakterienlosung und dem Blut nicht so erheblich beeinfluβt wird, und 4) daβ man durch dieses Verfahren gleichzeitig mehrere bakterientotende Faktoren untersuchen kann. Ferner hat dieses Verfahren auch den Vorzug, daβ es praktisch sehr einfach auszufuhren ist und nur 6 Stunden nach der Blutentnahme bereits das Ergebnis liefert. Es gestattet ferner, die bakterizide Kraft des Blutes gleichzeitig bei 6 - 8 Menschen zu untersuchen, was mich zur Uberzeugung fuhrt, daβ es in der Klinik hochgeschatzt werden wird. Auch das Verfahren und die ebenfalls vom mir aufgestellte Formel zur zusammenfassenden Beurteilung kann man nach meinem Erachten durch entsprechende Veranderungen einiger Faktoren ohne jede Schwierigkeiten auch fur andere Bakterienarten anwenden. Man wird wohl gegen eine einzige Lucke dieses Verfahrens, daβ die mikroskopische Untersuchung und die Berechnung allzu verwickelt zu sein scheint, Einwand erheben, eine Lucke, zu deren Schluβ jedoch nur eine kurzfristige Ubung erfordert wird, durch welche die mikroskopische Untersuchung innerhalb 30 Minuten, die Berechnung nur in 5 Minuten vollendet werden kann. (Zur Berechnung bedarf es einer Gauss'schen Logarithmentafel.) Obgleich das geschilderte Verfahren noch viele, genauere Prufungen erheischende Punkte in sich einschlieβt, muβ es hier, wenn auch in Grundzugen, jetzt schon angefuhrt werden,. da ich der festen Uberzeugung bin, daβ es im Vergleich zu den bisherigen Methoden ein dem wirklichen Wert der Bakterizidie des Vollblutes im lebenden Organismus viel naheres Resultat liefert.

Bucephalidae Poche, 1907 1. Prosorhynchus longicollis n. sp. 2. Rhipidocotyle khalili Nagaty, 1937 Allocreadiidae Stossich, 1904 3. Helicometra epinepheli Yamaguti, 1934 4. Opeehona scombri Yamaguti, 1938 5. Pseudopecoeloides tenuis Yamaguti, 1940 Schistorchiidae Yamaguti, 1942 6. Schistorchis sigani Yamaguti, 1942 7. Apocreadium synagris n. sp. Fellodistomidae Nicoll. 1913 8. Symmetrovesicula ehaetodontis Yamaguti, 1938 Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911 9. Lasiotocus lethrini n. sp. Heterophyidae Odhner, 1911 10. Paracryptogonimus aeanthostomus Yamaguti, 1934 Gyliauchenidae Ozaki, 1933 11. Gyliauchen nahaensis Ozaki, 1937 12. Gyliauehen papillatus (Goto et Matsudaira, 1918) Hemiuridae Luhe, 1901 13. Parahemiurus clupeae n. sp. 14. Aphanurus harengulae Yamaguti, 1938 15. Aphanurus dorosomatis n. sp. 16. Aponurus laguncula Looss, 1907 17. Aponurus synagris n. sp. 18. Lecithochirium priacanthi n. sp. 19. Lecithochirium longicaudatum n. sp. 20. Lecithocladium parviovum n. sp. 21. Lecithocladium megalaspis n. sp. 22. Lecithocladium angustiovum n. sp. 23. Lecithocladium scombri n. sp. 24. Tubulovesicula angusticauda (Nicoli, 1915) 25. Magnacetabulum leiognathi n. sp. 26. Hysterolecitha nahaensis Yamaguti, 1942 27. Hysterolecithoides epinepheli Yamaguti, 1934 28. Lecithaster stellatus Looss, 1907 Angiodictyidae Looss, 1902 29. Hexangium sigani Goto et Ozaki, 1929 Didymozoidae Poche, 1907 30. Didymozoon spirale Yamaguti, 1938 31. Didymozoon brevicolle Yamaguti, 1938 32. Unitubulotestis carangis n. g., n. sp.

The cause of the death due to the atomic-bomb radiation is yet unknown definitely and the same can be said of shock brought about by the atomic-bomb. It cannot be said with certainity that infection of pathogenic bacteria concerns in the mortality, for even minor injuries did not often escape bacterial invasion from any part of the whole body. In this case the progress was same to a symptom of agranulocytosis, namely collapse, chill, fever, red throat or ulcerative stomatitis and from the reason of the heavily infected tonsils, although cultures were not made, there are reasons to consider it as agranulocytosis angina. The interpretation of the histologic changes observed in this patient, is rendered difficult not only by the factor of infection, but by the possible influence of one damaged organ upon another. From the histological changes there were the destruction of the epithelium of the gastro-intestinal organs, the atrophy of the testis and the necrosis of the tonsils, but the most noteworthy was the changes in the bone-marrow. The hyperplasia of the reticulum cells, the disappearance of the hematopoetic foci, and the great quantity of mitotic figures in the myeloid cells observecl in this case are found in many of the atomic-bomb victims died approximately one month after the exposure. This is a case of the death caused by aplastic anemia with infective complication or in orther words symptomatic agranulocytosis caused by the atomic-bomb radiation with sepsis.

1. When hemolysed blood is administered orally to rabbits, in cases of healthy and those with blocked reticulo-endothelial systems, a transient increase in the verdohemoglobin (M. Engel) is seen in circulating blood, while in that of rabbits with impaired parenchymal liver cells, no such increase occurs. 2. On irrigation of hemolysed blood through rabbit livers, in healthy rabbits production of indirect bilirubin may be demonstrated while in that with blockage of the reticulo-endothelial system or with impaired liver parenchymal cells, this may not be seen. Moreover, in this case of blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system. production of verdohemoglobin may be demonstrated. while none whatsoever may be demonstrated in cases of impaired liver parenchmal. On the other hand on irrigation of verdohemoglobin and biliverdin solutions, in healthy and in impaired liver parenchymal cell cases, production of bilirubin may be observed while absolutely none was detected in cases of blocked reticulo-endothelial systems, 3. Concluding from the results stated above and those of clinical experiments stated elsewhere, the following process is assumed: when blood is imposed on the organism it is primarily phagocytosed by the reticulo-endothelial system, next dissolved to verdohemoglobin {M. Engel) in the parenchymal cells of the liver, and then dissolved into globin, iron, and biliverdin in the reticulo-endothelial system, of which biliverdin is further reduced to bilirubin. A portion of this remains in the circulating blood as indirect bilirubin, while the majority of it is esterized in the parenchymal cells of the liver, and proceeds to the bile ducts as direct bilirubin.

While I was on duty with the Naval Institute of Tropical Hygiene at Macassar, Celebes, during World War Ⅱ, I had the opportunity to examine various wild and domestic animals for parasites, these animals being taken mainly from Celebes. Since the parasitic worms of this island had not yet been worked out at any length, an opportunity for collecting in this part of the world yielded much interesting material. I collected a fairly large amount of material from monkeys, buffaloes, birds, lizards, snakes and fishes, the latter being examined very carefully from the stand-point of prevention of parasitic infections transmitted from fish to man. Domestic fowl and small wild birds were also examined for intestinal parasites during my study on avian malaria carried out at the institute. Unfortunately I managed to bring back to Japan by air only a part of the collection before the termination of the war. The greater part of the collection shipped to me subsequently by air mail suffered serious damage in transit, and for this reason description and illustrations are based almost exclusively on mounted slides.

1. The proteolytic action of papayotin is activated by X-ray irradiation with 60 r and 1000 r, and inhibited with 200 r and 400 r. 2. The influences of X-rays upon papayotin are direct and remain unchanged for definite periods of time. 3. The proteolytic action of papayotin show wavy phenomena which correspond to the time and dose of the X-ray irradiation. 4. The proteolytic action of papayotin is considered to be inhibited by the decomposition products (polypeptides) of substrate only in the presence of some other factors.