result 4739 件
| Title Alternative | 数種植物におけるアンモニウムイオン及び硝酸イオンの吸収速度の比較 |
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| FullText URL | 003_002_091_103.pdf |
| Author | Moritsugu, Masumi| Kawasaki, Toshio| Suzuki, Takao| |
| Abstract | Absorption rares of ammonium ion(NH4+) and nitrate ion(NO3-) for 24 hours were compared using two absorption solutions, which were a single salt solution of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and a complete nutrient solution containing NH4NO3. Test plants were Oryza sativa (Rice), Hordeum vulgare (Barley), Lactuca sativa (Lettuce), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber), Daucus carota (Carrot), Brassica pekinesis (Chinese cabbage), Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) and Raphanus sativus (Radish). From the absorption characteristics of NH4+ and NO3- between a single salt solution of NH4NO3 and a complete nutrient solution containing NH4NO3, the test plants were classified into goup 1(rice,barley and lettuce), which absorbed NH4+ more rapidly than NO3- in both absorption solutions, group 2(cucumber and carrot), which absorbed NH4+ slightly more than NO3- in the single salt solution of NH4NO3, the tendency of which was reversed in the complete nutrient solution containing NH4NO3, and goup 3(Chinese cabbage,spinach and radish), which absorbed NO3- clealy more than NH4+ in the complete nutrient solution, whereas the absorption of NH4+ or NO3- was almost equal in the single salt solution of NH4+NO3-. The above classisication of plants could be explained by the balance of a repressive or competitive characteristics of NH4+ absorption mainly as sociated with a capacity for absorption of calcium ion(Ca2+) and magnesium ion(Mg2+), and the relative root affinity to NO3- that can be evaluated by the relative absorption of NO3- to mono-phosphate ion(H2PO4-) in plant roots. The group 1 plants are the so-called acid tolerant plants, which appeared to be tolerant to NH4+, and showed a marked pH decreased during the 24 hours of the absorption experiments in those plants. By contrast, the group 3 plant seemed to prefer NO3- and divalent alkaline earth cations to the other nutrients in the complete nutrient solution containing NH4No3, and the pH decrease during each absorption experiment was small. |
| Keywords | Alkaline earth Ammonium Ion balance Nitrate Phosphate |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1995 |
| Volume | volume3 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 091 |
| End Page | 103 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Comparison of Regenerating Ability of Calli Derived from Mature and Immature Embryos in Barley Varieties |
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| FullText URL | 002_001_033_042.pdf |
| Author | Rikiishi, Kazuhide| Yasuda, Shozo| |
| Abstract | The callus forming ability and regenerating ability of the calli derived from mature and immature embryos of 132 barley varieties were examined. These materials were taken from a world-wide collection preserved at the Barley Germplasm Center of Okayama University. The callus forming ability varied widely according to genotype in both mature and immature embryos, but the varieties collected from Ethiopia showed low callus forming ability. Calli derived from mature embryos generally did not regenerate shoots, except for three Japanese varieties. The frequency of shoot regeneration from the calli derived from immature embryos was somewhat higher than that from those derived from mature embryos. Many of the Korean and Japanese varieties had a high shoot regenerating ability. However, few of the varieties from Ethiopia and Southwest Asia had a high shoot regenerating ability. No correlation was observed btween root regenerating ability and shoot regenerating ability of the varieties. No correlation was observed between callus proliferation and root regenerating ability between calli derived from mature and immature embryos. We could not find any difference in the shoot regenerating ability btween the two-rowed and six-rowed genotypes. |
| Keywords | Barley Tissue culture Mature embryo Immature embryo Regenerating |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 33 |
| End Page | 42 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Promotion of Drying of Leaves Detached from Plants after Rainfall Exposure |
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| FullText URL | 002_002_191_200.pdf |
| Author | Kimura, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | The drying of leaves detached from 16 plants (mainly, vegetalbles) after artificial rainfall (mist)treatment was examined in a growth chamber(20℃,8 klux). Leaves detached from misted plants had a higher drying rate than those detached from non-misted plants. The promoting effect of mist on the dryint rate was increased with the increase in the duration of mist exposure. The degree of drying after mist exposure for 3 days or more was increased markedly. In almost all the plants,the weight of the leaves detached from the plants decreased to 10-20% of the initial weight 24 hours after a 5-day mist treatment, but 40-50% in cabbadge, chinese leek and welsh onion. In general, the degree of drying was greater in the young developing leaves or older leaves than in active young leaves. These findings suggested that the surface wax and cuticular of the leaf is injured by rainfall wetting, and that water discharge(transpitation) in the leaf is increased greatly. |
| Keywords | Rainfall Leaf Drying Vegetables |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 191 |
| End Page | 200 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Varietal Variation of Earliness in a Narrow Sense and Its Significance for Adaptation in Barley |
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| FullText URL | 002_001_023_032.pdf |
| Author | Okubo, Kazuo| Yasuda, Shozo| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Heading time of is a complex character, which is controlled by several internal factors, namely, vernalization requirement, photoperiodic response and earliness in a narrow sense (ENS). The ecological significance of vernalization requirement and photoperiodic response has been clarified. However, the significance of ENS is not explained well. In this study, we examined the varietal variation of ENS, its geographical distribution and significance of ENS for regional adaptability in barley. The ENS was estimated from the number of days from sowing to flag-leaf emergence of sufficiently vernalized plants grown under a 24-h. photoperiod at 20℃ condition. The variation of ENS was determined from the number of leaves and leaf emergence intervals under the controlled condition. The ENS of 1,017 barley varieties ranged from 12 to 28 days. ENS was shortest in varieties from low-latitudes, while it was longer in varieties from high-latitudes and very low-latitudes. Multiple regression analysis for heading time(Y) on the ENS(X1) and the photoperiodic response(X2) was carried out using various data obtained from different experiment sites and sowing times. The multiple correlation was highly significant in all cases. It was clear that the ENS played an important role for determining heading time in the spring-sown conditions, while the photoperiodic response did in the fall-sown condition. |
| Keywords | Barley Heading time Geographica distribution Adaptability |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 23 |
| End Page | 32 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | タバコ懸濁培養細胞におけるアルミニウムの二価鉄、銅およびカドミウム毒性に対する影響 |
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| FullText URL | 002_002_181_190.pdf |
| Author | Yamamoto, Yoko| Chang, Yi-Chieh| Ono, Kanji| Matsumoto, Hideaki| |
| Abstract | The effects of aluminum (Al) on the cytotoxicity of ferrous iron (Fe(Ⅱ)), copper(Cu) and cadmium(Cd) were studied. Log-phase cells were treated with either FeSO4,CuSO4, or CdCl2 in the presence or absence of AlCl3(120μM) for 18h at pH 4.0. After the treatment, the viability was determined as relative growth of the metal-treated cells to the untreated control cells during the post-treated culture. A single treated with either Al, Fe(Ⅱ) or Cd did not inhibit the growth at the metal concerntrations up to 300 μM, 200 μM and 500 μM, respectively, whereas the growth was markedly inhibited at 15 μM Cu. Thus,the cells were relatively insensitive to Al, Fe(Ⅱ) and Cd and sensitive to Cu. When cells were treated with both Fe(Ⅱ)(120 μM)and Al(120μM), the growth was significantly inhibited and the cellular contents of both Al and Fe increased synergistically. After the treatment with Cu(0 to 10 μM) with or without Al, the cells grew more vigorously when they were treated in the presence of Al, althrouh the Cu content of the cells were not alterd by Al. The presence of Al during the treatmemt with Cd(0 to 2 μM) had no effect on the degree of growth inhibition by Cd. Thus, Al interacts with the toxicity of Fe(Ⅱ), Cu and Cd in different manners; synergistic with Fe(Ⅱ), antagonistic with Cu and apparently no effeco on Cd. |
| Keywords | Aluminum Antagonistic Nicotiana tabacum Suspension culture Synergistic |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 181 |
| End Page | 190 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Studies on Heterosis in Barley Cultivars |
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| FullText URL | 002_001_007_022.pdf |
| Author | Yasuda, Shozo| Hayashi, Jiro| Moriya, Isamu| |
| Abstract | In cultivated barley, various hybrid injuries such as brittle rachis and hybrid weakness occur. Therefore, crossing must be done among cultivars to prevent the occurrence of such hybrid injuries. In the present study, we examined the magnitude of the heterosis in the crossings and geographical distribution of barley cultivars concerning heterosis. A few Japanese cultivars were used as the common parent for crossing. (1) In the six-rowed barley, 43 cultivars collected from Japan, China and Korea were crossed with non-uzu covered and naked cultivars, Shiroyo-shigara 2 and Nami-Akashinriki, respectively. The largest magnitude of heterosis in grain yield per plant was obtained in the crossing between the Korean cultivar and one of the Japanese common parents. (2) Heterosis in two-rowed cultivars was investigated using a total of 156 F1S which were cross combinations of cultivars collected from the world with two common male parents, Amagi Nijo and Kawasaigoku. The heterosis was larger larger in the cross combinations with Turkish and Ethiopian cultivars. The largest F1/BP was 1.66 in Turkish and 1.45 in Ethiopian cultivars. (3) As to uzu or semi-dwarf cultivars peculiar to Japan, 34 cultivars were crossed with two common male parents, Sekitori (covered) and Akashinriki (naked). Expression of the heterosis was rather conspicuous in the crosses of covered×naked cultivars than those of covered×covered and naked×naked ones. (4) Half diallel analysis using 10 two-rowed cultivars showed that one Ethiopian cultivar expressed a high grade of general combining ability and that one French cultivar was of higher specific combining ability. (5) The most effective agronomic character of the two-rowed cultivars to the grain yield per piant was number of ears in an ordinary year, while in the wet year it was 1000 grain weight. This was considered to be due to overluxuriant growth accompanied by lowering of the percentage of ripened grain. However, in some cultivars the percentage of ripened grain was not lowered under the overluxuriant growth condition. |
| Keywords | Barley Heterosis Diallel analysis Overluxuriant growth Geographical variety |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 7 |
| End Page | 22 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | ゼニゴケ葉緑体遺伝子と相同性を持つラン藻 Synechocystis PCC6803株のORF326、frxC およびORF469を標的にした変異の導入 |
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| FullText URL | 002_002_167_180.pdf |
| Author | Ogura, Yutaka| Takemura, Miho| Oda, Kenji| Ohyama, Kanji| |
| Abstract | ORF326, frxC and ORF469 of a transfomable cynobacterium, Synechcystis PCC6803, have sequence similarity with ORF465 on the choroplast genome of a livewort, Marchantia polymorpha, respectively. To elucidate their functions,targeted mutagenesis was performed by transformation with clened DNA in which the ORF was disrupted by insertion of a kanamycin resistancen gene cassette.Streak-purifications of a single colony of each transformant were repeatde to segregate homozygous mutants for disrupted copies, because Synechocystis PCC6803 was reported to have approximately 10 chromosomal DNA copies. Southern blot analysis revealed that mutants for ORF326 had not only disrupted ORF326 copies but also wild type ORF326 copies. This suggests that ORF326 is indispensable for growth under the mixotrophic growth condition used. However, mutants for frxC and mutants for ORF469 had only mutated copies, indicating that they dispensable for growth. Growth and chlorophyll a content of an ORF469-disrupted mutant were compared and chlorophyll a content of an ORF469-disrupted mutant were compared to those of wild type under mixotrophic growth condition, but no significant difference was detected. This indicates that ORF469 is required for neither normal growth nor chlorophyll biosynthesis under thie condition. |
| Keywords | Cyanobacteria Gene disruption Synechocystis PCC6803 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 167 |
| End Page | 180 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Author | Maitani, Toshihiko| |
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| Published Date | 1994 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Content Type | Departmental Bulletin Paper |
| Title Alternative | Increase in Cytochorome c and a 11.9 kDa protein in Submerged Rice Seedlings after Exposure to Air |
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| FullText URL | 002_002_149_157.pdf |
| Author | Shibasaka, Mineo| Ushimaru, Takashi| Ookubo, Katsuyuki| Tsuchida, Shin-ichi| Tsuji, Hideo| |
| Abstract | To examine the changes in cytocrome c content in submerged rice seedlings after exposure to air, antiserum was prepared against purified cytocrome c from rice bran. Western blottong analysis revealed that cytochrome c was detected 6 h after exposure to air, but not detected in submerged rice seedling. On a fresh weight basis, the same level of cytochrome c as that of the aerobic control was found in the 24-h-air adapted seedlings. judging from the high A408/A280 ratio (4.66),the cytochrome c preparation used as antigen was considered to be well purified. However, the antiserum reacted other several polypeptides. One of them reacted more strongly against the antisermu than cytochrome c and its molecular weight was estimated as 11.9 kDa. The polypeptide increased during air adaptation and the levels found in both submerged seedlings and aerobic control were lower than that in 24-h-air-adapted seedlings. |
| Keywords | Air-adaptation Anti-cytochrome c serum Cytochrome c Cytocrome c purification Oryza sativa |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 149 |
| End Page | 157 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Establishment of a Seedling Test for Resistance to Net Blotch in Barley and a Search for Resistant Varieties |
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| FullText URL | 001_001_075_090.pdf |
| Author | Sato, Kazihiro| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | 大麦網斑病は糸状菌の1種であるPyrenophora teres Drechs.の感染によって葉身、葉鞘等に網目状の病斑を生じ、子実の登熟低下によって減収する共に、ビールオオムギにおいては醸造品質であるエキス分が低下する重要病害である。本病害は世界各地のオオムギ栽培地帯のうち主として温暖・湿潤な地域に分布しており（Shipton et al.1973）、近年、連作や灌漑によって被害が増大しつつある（Mathre 1982）。我国においては従来からその存在が確認されていたものの、登熟後期の活性の衰えた葉に生じる病害として重要性は認識されていなかった。しかし、最近、北海道、鳥取県、鹿児島県などのビールオオムギ栽培地帯で局所的な激発事例が確認されている。（佐藤、未発表）。本病害に対する防除法としては種子消毒ならびに殺菌剤の茎葉撒布が有効であるが、その効果は完全ではない。また、茎葉撒布はコストが高く、環境汚染の問題もあるので、最も有効で経済的かつ安全な防除法は抵抗性品種を栽培することと言っても良い。従来、本病害の積極的な抵抗性育種は行われていなかったが、最近は抵抗性を有する品種も育成されている（Metcalfe 1987）。抵抗性品種を育成するためには、遺伝資源ならびに雑種後代を効率よく評価、選抜するための検定方法を確立しなければならない。本病抵抗性の検定方法としては幼苗検定法、圃場検定法が考案されて広く用いられているが（Buchannon and McDonald 1965, Holtmeyer and Webster 1981）、環境条件の変化によって抵抗性が変動する事例が報告されているので（Khan and Boyd 1970, Tekauz 1986）、抵抗性を確実に評価するための安定した検定条件を設定する必要がある。抵抗性に関する遺伝資源についてはSchaller and Wiebe （1952）、Dessouki et al.（1965）およびBuchannon and McDonald （1965）等がそれぞれ数千品種を評価し、中国東北部、トルコおよびエチオピアなどに抵抗性の遺伝資源が豊富であること報告している。それらの品種のいくつかについては、抵抗性の遺伝子分析が行われており（Bockelman et al. 1977, Davis et al. 1990）、本病抵抗性育種の交配親として使用されている（Tekazu and Buchannon 1977, Moseman and Smith 1985）。岡山大学資源生物科学研究所大麦系統保存施設は世界的にも貴重なと東アジアの遺伝資源をはじめ五千余の保存品種を有するが、著者らは大麦網斑病の幼苗検定法を確立し、これらの品種の抵抗性を評価したので報告する。 |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1992 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 75 |
| End Page | 90 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002313461 |
| Title Alternative | Changes in Mitochondrial Spectra of Submerged Rice Seedlings after Exposure to Air Gaussian Deconvolution Analysis |
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| FullText URL | 002_002_135_147.pdf |
| Author | Shibasaka, Mineo| Tsuji, Hideo| |
| Abstract | Quantitative changes in mitochondrial cytochromes of submerged rice seedlings after exposure to air were investigated using gaussian deconvolution analysis on absorption spectrum at liquid nitrogen temperature. Differnece spectra were obtained from subtracting the absorption spectra of oxidized mitochondria from reduced mitochondria by succinate with antimycin-A. they showed three kinds of b-type cytochrome and a spectral component similar to cytochrome c1. Subtraction of the cytochrome c1-like component from the spectrum by curve analysis showed that three cytochrome bs had similar absorption maximum and that on a mitochondrial protein basis they were constant during air-adaptation. Cytochrome c per mitochontorial protein in submerged seedlings was about half of that in aerobic seedlings and increased by 1.5-fold during air-adaptation. The change in cytochrome c content was in paralleled with that of cytochrome aa3. These findings revealed that there were two groups of cytochromes in the response to air-adaptation,i.e.,three cytochrome bs were constant and cytochoromes c and aa3 increased in parallel. |
| Keywords | Absorption spectrum Air-adaptation Cytocrome Gaussian deconvolution analysis Oryza sativa |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1994 |
| Volume | volume2 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 135 |
| End Page | 147 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Highly Sensitive Detection of Cucumber Mosaic Virus by Using Fluorogenic Substrate or Enzyme-Amplified Assay in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay |
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| FullText URL | 001_002_167_174.pdf |
| Author | Maeda, Takanori| Sako, Nobumichi| Inouye, Narinobu| |
| Abstract | Monoclonal antibody (MAb) was applied to a double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS ELISA) for highly sensitive detection of cucumber mosaic virus. Alkaline phosphatase-labeled MAb with high activity was used to raise the ratio of spocific-and nonspecific-adsorption of conjugate (S/N ratio) on polyclonal antibody coated solid phase. Also the assay with a fluorogenic substrace or an enzyme-amplified assay which is highly sensitive for measurment of activity was employed to increase the sensitivity of the assays. This ELISA systems proved to be more sensitive than the conventional assay using ρ-nitorophenyl phosphate, and could detect 100 pg/ml of purified virus. |
| Keywords | Cucumber mosaic virus Monoclonal antibody DAS ELISA Fluorogenic substrate Enzyme-amplified assay |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1993 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 167 |
| End Page | 174 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Regional Specialities in Ecological Agronomic Characters of Two-rowed Barley Cultivers from Japan and Other Countries |
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| FullText URL | 001_001_061_074.pdf |
| Author | Yasuda, Shozo| Hayashi, Jiro| Moriya, Isamu| |
| Abstract | 我が国では、戦前から戦後にかけてオオムギ栽培が盛んに行われたが六条オオムギが主であった。しかし、昭和30年代になると醸造用あるいは飼料用として二条オオムギの栽培が盛んになり、最近では従来の六条オオムギから二条オオムギにほとんど置き替わっている。我が国における二条オオムギは明治以後欧州あるいは米国から導入された品種が、選抜を受けたり交配母本に用いられて定着したもので、我が国在来の六条オオムギにくらべて歴史は新しく（高橋ら1981）。これらの二条品種は日本の風土に適するように改良が加えられていることはもちろんであるが、それにしても、二条性そのものが我が国にはなかった形質であり、春播性、ウドンコ病抵抗性、短毛底刺などいわゆる外来の特徴を併せ持っている。このような外来の形質そのものがどの程度我が国の環境条件の中で生かされ、いわゆる日本化が進んでいるかは、今後の二条オオムギ育種上極めて有用な知見になるものと思われる。そのためには日本で栽培されている二条品種と、外国の二条オオムギの主な分布地域から収集した品種とを比較対照して、生理、遺伝的解析を進める必要がある。本研究はこのような意図の下に行われた。以下に結果の概要を示す。 |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1992 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 61 |
| End Page | 74 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | テンサイ培養細胞の細胞壁結合α―グルコシダーゼの精製と性質 |
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| FullText URL | 001_002_159_166.pdf |
| Author | Yamasaki, Yoshiki| Konno, Haruyoshi| |
| Abstract | Wall bound α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) has been solubilized from suspension-cultured sugar-beet cells with Sumyzyme C and Pectolyase Y-23 and purified by a procedure including fractionation with ammonium sulfate, Sephacry S-200 HR column chromatography, and CM-cellulose colum chromatography. The enzyme readily hydrolyzed maltose, nigerose, malto-oligosaccharides, and soluble starch, but hydrolyzde isomaotose more slowly. The enzyme hydrolyzed malto-oligosaccharides and soluble starch at a faster rate than maltose. The wall-bound α-glucosidase from sugar-beet cells is different from the enzymes extracted from the cells and seeds in substrate spesificity. |
| Keywords | Beta vulgaris L. cv. Tsukisappu Sugar-beet Wall-bound enzyme α-Glucosidase Protoplast |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1993 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 159 |
| End Page | 166 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | 高対塩性オオムギ品種の選抜 |
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| FullText URL | 001_002_113_129.pdf |
| Author | Sopandie, Didy| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| Moritsugu, Masumi| Kawasaki, Toshio| |
| Abstract | In order to select higher salt tolerant cultivars of barley,solution culture experiments were carried out with 500 barley cultivars, which were preliminarily selected from 4581 cultivars by exposure to 1-2% of sodium chloride(MaCl) during the germinating stage. The concentrations of NaCl used in the experiments were 2 (control), 150 and 300 mM in nutrient solution.From the results of five solution culture experiments, each of which was carried out with about 100 cultivars, 105 cultivars of barley were selected as relatively about 100 cultivars. Then the final selection was carried out on those 105 cultivars, and it was found that more than 10 cultivars were highly salt tolerant, mainly based on the comparisons of shoot yields under the supply of 300 mM of NaCl.High salt tolerant barley cultivars mentioned above showed 42-86% and 17-30% of the control in shoot yield under the condition of 150 and 300 mM of NaCl, respectively.On three groups of barley,each having more than 10 cultivars, which are high, moderate and low in salt tolerance, ion contents of the plants were analyzed.The results suggest that potassium(K) uptake was comparatively larger in the high salt tolerant goup of barley cultivars,through there was a big variation in sodium(Na) and K contents even within the same group. |
| Keywords | Barley Ion content Salt tolerance Sodium chloride Yield |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1993 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 113 |
| End Page | 129 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Hybrid Progenies Virulent to Wheat and Agropyron Derived from a Cross Between Barley Mildew Isolates (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. hordei) |
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| FullText URL | 001_001_051_059.pdf |
| Author | Heta, Hideo| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | イネ科植物うどんこ病菌（Erysiphe graminis DC.）はコムギ、オオムギ、カモジグサ、ライムギなど多くのイネ科植物に寄生するが、それぞれの菌は宿主特異性によっていくつかのformae specialesに分化しており、例えば、オオムギうどんこ病菌はオオムギ属以外の植物には感染しないといわている。しかしながら、Cherewickはイネ科植物うどんこ病菌について、元々の宿主とは異なる植物に接触する交互接種を試み、カモジグから分離したうどんこ病菌がコムギを犯す事例を見出した。またHardisonはいろいろなイネ科植物から分離したうどんこ病菌を用いて多くの交互接種を行った結果、ほとんどの菌株は2つあるいはそれ以上の属の植物に病原性を持っていることを認めた。さらに、日浦および日浦と部田はコムギうどんこ病菌とカモジグサうどんこ病菌の種間交雑によって得られた後代から、コムギあるいはカモジグサのいずれかに病原性を持つ菌株はもちろん、コムギとカモジグサの両方に病原性を持つ新しい菌株も容易に作れることを報告した。一方、これらの分化型の中にはそれぞれの宿主の品種あるいは系統に対して病原性の異なる多くのphysiologic raceが分化しており、それらの宿主-病原関係には、いわゆるgene for gene仮設が適合すると考えられている。しかしながら、部田はオオムギうどんこ病菌抵抗性遺伝子JMlsnに対して病原性のない菌株h9とH14の交雑後代からJMlsnに病原性のある菌株を作出した。これらの事実はうどんこ病における宿主-病原菌の相互作用が単純な主働遺伝子によるgene for gene仮設では説明し切れないことを示しており、このような非病原性菌株間の交雑後代から病原性のある菌株が脈生する遺伝的な機構を解明することは、うどんこ病抵抗性育種を進める上でも極めて重要であると思われる。 |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1992 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 51 |
| End Page | 59 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | 日本とカナダの春播オオムギから採取した大麦網斑病菌株の病原性の変異 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 001_002_147_158.pdf |
| Author | Sato, Kazuhiro| Takeda, Kazuyoshi| |
| Abstract | Twenty-two isolates of Pyrenophora teres Drechs. collected from Japanese and Canadian spring barleys were inoculated to 38 barley varieties having various genetic backgrounds. The analysis of variance for the discase ratings showed that there were significant differences both in the virulence of isolates and the resistance of varieties. However, the interaction among isolates and varieties was not statistically significant. Both Finlay-Wilkinson regression analysis and principal component analysis by Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction effects(AMMI)model classified the isolates into three groups,which were different in origins and sympton types. A spot tyte isolate was distinguished from net type isolates by its generally high virulence. A slight pathogenic differentiation was suggested between Japanese and Canadian net type isolates. |
| Keywords | Hordeum vulgare Pyrenophora teres Barley Net blotch Race differentiation |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1993 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 147 |
| End Page | 158 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002313862 |
| Title Alternative | Absorption of Iron by MuSty-Odor Producing Cyanobacteria (Anabaena macrospora, Phormidium tenue, Oscillatoria tenuis and Oscillatoria brevis) |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 001_001_035_050.pdf |
| Author | Nakashima, Susumu| Aoyama, Isao| Yagi, Masakazu| |
| Abstract | 近年、琵琶湖の南湖をはじめ、霞々浦や相模湖など多くの湖沼や水道水源地において、人間活動に付随すると富栄養化問題となり、ラン藻類、特にかび臭物質を産生するラン藻の発生が憂慮されている。琵琶湖を水源とする大津、京都、大阪、神戸など関西の各都市の水道では、同湖で毎年発生するラン藻、すなわちAnabaena macrospora｛ジオスミン（geosmin）を産生｝やPhormidium tenue, Oscillatoria tenuis｛2-メチルイソボルネオール（2-methylisoborneol, MIB）を産生｝などが作り出すこれらのかび臭物質（ジオスミンまたはMIB）による水道水の異臭味が大きな問題となっている。こうした水圏環境における異臭味は世界各地でも問題となり、近年この問題に関する国際シンポジウム（International Symposium on Off-Flavors in the Aquatic Environment）が開かれるようになり、1982年6月には第1回（ヘルシンキ）、1987年10月には第2回（鹿児島）、そして1991年3月には第3回（ロサンゼルス）のシンポジウムがそれぞれ開催された。しかしこうしたラン藻が異常増殖する要因はまだ明らかではない。そのためかび臭物質を産生するラン藻類の発生を予測あるいは抑制する情報に関する研究は強い要請があるにもかかわらずあまり進展をみていない。 |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1992 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue1 |
| Start Page | 35 |
| End Page | 50 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | Field Tests of Measuring System of Vegetation Response to Environmennt in a Barley Field |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 001_002_137_146.pdf |
| Author | Maitani, Toshihiko| Kashiwagi, Yoshiaki| |
| Abstract | A system designed to measure the vegetation response to environment was constructed on the basis of the eddy correlation method.It consisted of two sets of a small rapid response sensors; three dimensional sonic anemometer thermometers and infrared CO2-humidity fluctuation meters,and a personal computer for data acquisition. Field tests of the system were made over a barley field in April and May,1990.The turbulent fluxes obtained by two sets of flux measuring system mounted at the same height were in fair agreement. The turbulent fluxes(momentum,sensible heat,latent heat and carbon dioxide) measured at two height wihtin and above plant cannopies and their differences showed realistic diurnal variations.The direction and magnitude of each flux varied depending on the srength or distribution of source and sink within plant canopies. These findings confirmed that this measureing system is promising for quantitative estimate of vegetation response such as transpiration, photosynthesis and respiration in certain canopy layers to environmental variations. |
| Keywords | Measuring system Eddy correlation method Field test Barley field Vegetation response |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1993 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 137 |
| End Page | 146 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| Title Alternative | The Effect on Germination of Some Species of the Genus Echinochloa and Rice Seeds with Various Osmotic Pressure of Salt, Sugar, and PEG Solutions |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | 001_002_131_136.pdf |
| Author | Nishi, Katsuhisa| |
| Abstract | To investigate the differences and mechanism of germination among the seeds of some species of genus Echinochloa and rice, the experiments were conducted in solutions of salt, sugar, and PEG(poly-ethylene glycol) under a constant or alternating temperature in the light or the dark. The seeds of Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing., Ehinochloa crus-galli Beauv.var. formosensis Ohwi, Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv.var.crus-galli(awnless and awned type)and Oryza sativa L.(Akebono) were used. In 7000hPa, germination of rice,E. oryzicola and three varieties of E.crus-galli in all the solutions remarkedly decreased except for the case of E.crus-galli in the solution of sale on alternating temperature. The germination of rice and E.oryzicola was secreased markedly, and more markedly in a light condition than in a dark. In the salt solution in 7000hPa, the decreasing of germination of E.crus-galli was low. This species is distributed and grows in the upland and paddy field, while E.oryzicola and rice grow only in the paddy field. The decreade in germination of Echinochloa species with osmotic pressure seemed to be recoverde with salt or sugar solutions under alternating temperature, but the recovery of rice was not seen. In 700hPa or less, the distinct differences of germination were not seen among these plants species. |
| Keywords | Genus Echinochloa Germination Osmotic pressure |
| Publication Title | Bulletin of the Research Institute For Bioresources, Okayama University |
| Published Date | 1993 |
| Volume | volume1 |
| Issue | issue2 |
| Start Page | 131 |
| End Page | 136 |
| ISSN | 0916-930X |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
