Wiley Acta Medica Okayama 2328-9503 2025 INF2-Related Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease in a Japanese Cohort: Genetic and Clinical Insights EN Chikashi Yano Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Masahiro Ando Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Yujiro Higuchi Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Jun‐Hui Yuan Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Akiko Yoshimura Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Takahiro Hobara Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Risa Nagatomo Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Fumikazu Kojima Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Yu Hiramatsu Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Satoshi Nozuma Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tomonori Nakamura Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Yusuke Sakiyama Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Chika Matsuoka Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toru Yamashita Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takashi Kimura Department of Neurology, Hyogo Medical University Ayako Miyazaki Department of Clinical Genetics, Hyogo Medical University Chinatsu Kinjo Department of Clinical Genetics, Hyogo Medical University Kenji Yokochi Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital Nanami Yamanaka Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Nozomu Matsuda Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine Tomoki Suichi Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Yoshiyuki Hanaoka Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital Haruka Kojima Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Kenichi Todo Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hiroyuki Ishiura Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Jun Mitsui Department of Precision Medicine Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Shoji Tsuji Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Hospital Hiroshi Takashima Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Background: INF2 mutations cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT). Accurate genetic diagnosis is critical, as INF2-related FSGS is typically resistant to immunotherapy yet rarely recurs after transplantation, and its associated neuropathy can mimic treatable immune-mediated disorders such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Methods: We performed a multicenter study investigating 3329 Japanese patients with inherited peripheral neuropathies/CMT who underwent gene panel sequencing or whole-exome analysis between 2007 and 2024. Clinical data, including electrophysiological assessments, were obtained from the patients' medical records. Results: We identified six pathogenic INF2 variants in eight patients, all of which were located within the diaphanous inhibitory domain. Structural modeling revealed clustering of variants near the diaphanous autoregulatory domain-binding pocket, which is critical for INF2 autoinhibition. Clinically, all cases were sporadic, with a median age at neurological onset of 9 years. All patients exhibited lower limb weakness, and 6/8 (75%) had sensory disturbances. All patients also developed kidney dysfunction, with 7/8 (88%) progressing to end-stage renal disease at a median age of 15 years. Furthermore, all patients showed demyelinating neuropathy, and 2/8 (25%) received immunotherapy due to suspected immune-mediated neuropathy. Conclusion: Although INF2 variants are a rare cause of CMT in Japan, they should be considered in pediatric patients with demyelinating neuropathy and early-onset proteinuria, even in the absence of a family history. Blood and urine tests assessing renal dysfunction can provide guidance for appropriate genetic testing. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1471-230X 25 1 2025 A study on the timing of small-bowel capsule endoscopy and its impact on the detection rate of bleeding sources 434 EN Daisuke Kametaka Division of Endoscopy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masaya Iwamuro Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshihiro Inokuchi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Seiji Kawano Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Sakiko Hiraoka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Motoyuki Otsuka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Background Small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is an essential diagnostic tool for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly for identifying bleeding sources in the small intestine. The timing of SBCE is thought to affect its diagnostic yield; however, the optimal timing remains unknown. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 131 patients with overt gastrointestinal bleeding managed with SBCE at our institution between May 2015 and December 2022. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the interval between their last bleeding episode and SBCE: 1–7, 8–14, 15–28, and ≥ 29 days. Results Positive findings were observed in approximately 50% of the cases across all intervals, with no statistically significant differences in the detection rates. Vascular lesions were detected primarily within 1–14 days, whereas inflammatory lesions, tumors, and diverticula were identified across all intervals. Notably, 25% of the patients with negative SBCE findings were later diagnosed with sources of non-small bowel bleeding, highlighting the value of follow-up endoscopic evaluations. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SBCE can be effective regardless of the time after a bleeding event, contrary to previous recommendations emphasizing its early use. Clinicians should consider performing SBCE whenever feasible to improve the diagnostic outcomes for gastrointestinal bleeding, irrespective of the elapsed time since the last episode. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1471-2458 25 1 2025 Longitudinal changes and tracking of in-school physical activity in primary school children: four-year longitudinal study 1041 EN Kensaku Sasayama Faculty of Education, Mie University Jin Yasunebe Faculty of Education, Okayama University Minoru Adachi Graduate School of Education, Okayama University Background There is little evidence on the tracking of physical activity during school hours. In addition, tracking physical activity in schools provides important evidence for understanding children’s physical activity and conducting intervention studies. Therefore, this study examined longitudinal changes and tracking of in-school physical activity in primary school children. Methods In this study, physical activity was investigated longitudinally in primary school children for 4 years. The baseline participants consisted of 103 second-grade students (7–8 years old) who participated. Step counts and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in school and during first recess and lunch/second recess were examined using an accelerometer (Kenz Lifecorder GS 4-second version; Suzuken Co. Ltd, Nagoya, Japan). Results After excluding missing data (moving school; n = 8, physical activity; n = 8), 87 (43 boys and 44 girls) of whom were included in the final analysis. Step counts and MVPA during school and physical education in boys did not decrease across the school years. By contrast, in girls, step counts during school did not decrease across the school years, however MVPA did decrease. In addition, for both sexes, step counts and MVPA during first recess decrease across the school years. During lunch/second recess, only step counts decrease across the school years in both sexes. In addition, the tracking coefficients for step counts and MVPA for boys in school and during first recess and lunch/second recess were found across many school years. Contrarily, girls had fewer significant tracking coefficients between school years than boys. There were also few significant tracking coefficients between grades for physical education step counts and MVPA for both boys and girls. Conclusions Our results suggested that in-school step counts for both boys and girls does not decrease across the school years. However, given that girls demonstrated reduced levels of in-school MVPA across the school years, it is important to promote strategies to increase MVPA in this group. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Society for Reproduction and Development Acta Medica Okayama 0916-8818 69 6 2023 Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the mRNA expression of estradiol receptors, steroidogenic enzymes, and steroid production in bovine follicles 337 346 EN Ahmad Farid Rawan Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Hikmatullah Langar Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Maho Munetomo Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Yuki Yamamoto Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Kohei Kawano Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Koji Kimura Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a crucial role in follicular growth and stimulates steroid hormone production in bovine follicles. Steroid hormones are synthesized through the actions of steroidogenic enzymes, specifically STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B, and CYP19A1 in both theca cells (TCs) and granulosa cells (GCs), under the influence of gonadotropins. Particularly, estradiol 17 beta (E2) assumes a central role in follicular development and selection by activating estrogen receptors beta (ESR2) in GCs. We assessed ESR2 mRNA expression in GCs of developing follicles and investigated the impact of IGF-1 on the mRNA expression of ESR2, CYP19A1, FSHR, and LHCGR, STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD17B in cultured GCs and TCs, respectively. Additionally, we assessed the influence of IGF-1 on androstenedione (A4), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) production in TCs. Small-sized follicles (< 6 mm) exhibited the highest levels of ESR2 mRNA expression, whereas medium-sized follicles (7-8 mm) displayed higher levels than large-sized follicles (>= 9 mm) (P < 0.05). IGF-1 increased the mRNA expression of ESR2, CYP19A1, and FSHR in GCs of follicles of both sizes, except for FSHR mRNA in medium-sized follicles (P < 0.05). IGF-1 significantly elevated mRNA expression of LHCGR, STAR, CYP11A1, and CYP17B in TCs of small-and medium-sized follicles (P < 0.05). Moreover, IGF-1 augmented the production of A4 and P4 but had no impact on T production in TCs of small-and medium-sized follicles. Taken together, our findings indicate that IGF-1 upregulates steroidogenic enzymes and steroid hormone production, underscoring the crucial role of IGF-1 in follicle development and selection. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 77 5 2023 Childcare and Child Development in Japan 479 490 EN Akiko Murata Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Naomi Matsumoto Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Chikara Miyaji Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Soshi Takao Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Takashi Yorifuji Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Original Article 10.18926/AMO/65970 For decades, the notion has persisted in developed countries that exclusive care by the mothers is best for the development of children up to 3 years of age. To examine the veracity of this “myth of the first three years” in Japan, we examined the effects of childcare facility use for children younger than 3 years on their development using the cohorts of the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century conducted in Japan. Of the 47,015 respondents to the survey, we studied the children of 5,508 mothers with university/professional education to evaluate the relationships between primary early (< 2.5 years) childcare providers during weekday daytime hours and specific development indices for the ages of 2.5, 5.5, and 8 years. At the age of 2.5 and 5.5 years, children attending childcare facilities were judged as having more advanced developmental behaviors by their parents, such as being able to compose a two-word sentence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.22) or to express emotions (aOR: 0.81), compared with those cared for by mothers. However, at the age of 8 years, children who attended childcare facilities as infants < 2.5 years showed more aggressive behavior in interrupting people (aOR: 1.20) and causing disturbances in public (aOR: 1.26) than those cared for by mothers (after adjustment for numerous child and parental factors). Although these results are generally consistent with previous studies, issues potentially involved with problem behavior such as quality of childcare require further investigation, as does the case of children of mothers with more modest educational attainment. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

MDPI Acta Medica Okayama 2227-9032 10 7 2022 The Effectiveness of Pre-Operative Screening Tests in Determining Viral Infections in Patients Undergoing Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1348 EN Shintaro Sukegawa Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yuka Sukegawa Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kazuaki Hasegawa Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Sawako Ono Department of Pathology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Tomoya Nakamura Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Ai Fujimura Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Ayaka Fujisawa Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital Keisuke Nakano Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Kiyofumi Takabatake Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hotaka Kawai Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yumika Mukainaka Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Hitoshi Nagatsuka Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Yoshihiko Furuki Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital We analyzed the rate of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection diagnosed by pre-operative screening and estimated its cost. We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent elective surgery at our maxillofacial surgery department between April 2014 and March 2022. We compared the number of patients with each infection identified by pre-operative screening and a pre-operative questionnaire. We also compared the prevalence of infections with varying age, sex, and oral diseases, and calculated the cost of screening per positive result. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV was 0.39% (62/15,842), 0.76% (153/15,839), and 0.07% (10/12,745), respectively. The self-reported rates were as follows: HBV, 63.4% (26/41); HCV, 50.4% (62/123); HIV, 87.5% (7/8). Differences in sex were statistically significant for all infectious diseases; age significantly affected HBV and HCV rates. There was no association between the odds ratio of oral disease and viral infections. The cost per positive result was $1873.8, $905.8, and $11,895.3 for HBV, HCV, and HIV, respectively. Although self-assessment using questionnaires is partially effective, it has inadequate screening accuracy. Formulating an auxiliary diagnosis of infectious diseases with oral diseases was challenging. The cost determined was useful for hepatitis, but not HIV. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Science and Business Media LLC Acta Medica Okayama 1615-5289 22 1 2021 Effective highlighting modes of graphical user interfaces in visual information search 111 119 EN Toshihisa Doi Okayama University This study discusses the preferred highlighting mode for graphical user interface (GUI) design. The study investigated the effects of different highlighting modes on the search time and accuracy of the element on the screen. The experimental factors were the type of highlighting (color, bold, or color and bold), the target highlighting (highlighted or not highlighted), and the number of elements on GUI (few or many). The participants had to search for a predetermined target on the screen. The evaluation measures were the reaction time and percentage correctly identified. The statistical analysis result shows that bold highlighting had the shortest search time, and color highlighting had the worst accuracy. Under the conditions of this experiment, bold highlighting should contribute to the design of the screen for an easier search of information in terms of both search speed and accuracy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Dove Medical Press Ltd. Acta Medica Okayama 1178-2013 16 2021 Dual-Functional PLGA Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Indocyanine Green and Resiquimod for Prostate Cancer Treatment 2775 2787 EN Wenfeng Lin Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Chaoming Li Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Naijin Xu Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Masami Watanabe Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ruizhi Xue Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Abai Xu Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Motoo Araki Okayama University Hospital Ruifen Sun Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine Chunxiao Liu Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Yasutomo Nasu Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Peng Huang Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Purpose: With the advance of screening techniques, there is a growing number of low-risk or intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) cases, remaining a serious threat to men's health. To obtain better efficacy, a growing interest has been attracted to develop such emerging treatments as immunotherapy and focal therapy. However, few studies offer guidance on whether and how to combine these modalities against PCa. This study was designed to develop dual-functional nanoparticles (NPs) which combined photothermal therapy (PTT) with immunotherapy and determine the anti-tumor efficacy for PCa treatment. Methods: By a double emulsion technique, the drug nanocarrier, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or PLGA, was applied for co-loading of a fluorescent dye, indocyanine green (ICG) and a toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) to synthesize PLGA-ICG-R848 NPs. Next, we determined their characteristic features and evaluated whether they inhibited the cell viability in multiple PCa cell lines. After treatment with PLGA-ICG-R848, the maturation markers of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were detected by flow cytometry. By establishing a subcutaneous xenograft model of mouse PCa, we explored both the anti-tumor effect and immune response following the NPs-based laser ablation. Results: With a mean diameter of 157.7 nm, PLGA-ICG-R848 exhibited no cytotoxic effect in PCa cells, but they significantly decreased RM9 cell viability to (3.9 +/- 1.0)% after laser irradiation. Moreover, PLGA-ICG-R848 promoted BMDCs maturation with the significantly elevated proportions of CD11c+CD86+ and CD11c+CD80+ cells. Following PLGA-ICG-R848-based laser ablation in vivo, the decreased bioluminescent signals indicated a significant inhibition of PCa growth, while the ratio of splenic natural killer (NK) cells in PLGA-ICG-R848 was (3.96 +/- 1.88)% compared with (0.99 +/- 0.10)% in PBS group, revealing the enhanced immune response against PCa. Conclusion: The dual-functional PLGA-ICG-R848 NPs under laser irradiation exhibit the anti-tumor efficacy for PCa treatment by combining PTT with immunotherapy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery Acta Medica Okayama 2049-4394 101-B 8 2019 Preoperative surgical risk stratification in osteosarcoma based on the proximity to the major vessels 1024 1031 EN T. Fujiwara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital M. R. Medellin Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital A. Sambri Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital Y. Tsuda Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital J. Balko Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital V. Sumathi Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital J. Gregory Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital L. Jeys Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital A. Abudu Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital Aims The aim of this study was to determine the risk of local recurrence and survival in patients with osteosarcoma based on the proximity of the tumour to the major vessels. Patients and Methods A total of 226 patients with high-grade non-metastatic osteosarcoma in the limbs were investigated. Median age at diagnosis was 15 years (4 to 67) with the ratio of male to female patients being 1.5:1. The most common site of the tumour was the femur (n = 103) followed by tibia (n = 66). The vascular proximity was categorized based on the preoperative MRI after neoadjuvant chemotherapy into four types: type 1 > 5 mm; type 2 ≤ 5 mm, > 0 mm; type 3 attached; type 4 surrounded. Results Limb salvage rate based on the proximity type was 92%, 88%, 51%, and 0% for types 1 to 4, respectively, and the overall survival at five years was 82%, 77%, 57%, and 67%, respectively (p < 0.001). Local recurrence rate in patients with limb-salvage surgery was 7%, 8%, and 22% for the types 1 to 3, respectively (p = 0.041), and local recurrence at the perivascular area was observed in 1% and 4% for type 2 and 3, respectively. The mean microscopic margin to the major vessels was 6.9 mm, 3.0 mm, and 1.4 mm for types 1 to 3, respectively. In type 3, local recurrence-free survival with limb salvage was significantly poorer compared with amputation (p = 0.025), while the latter offered no overall survival benefit. In this group of patients, factors such as good response to chemotherapy or limited vascular attachment to less than half circumference or longitudinal 10 mm reduced the risk of local recurrence. Conclusion The proximity of osteosarcoma to major blood vessels is a poor prognostic factor for local control and survival. Amputation offers better local control for tumours attached to the blood vessels but does not improve survival. Limb salvage surgery offers similar local control if the tumour attachment to blood vessels is limited. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 09302794 2020 Outcomes of endoscopic treatment for malignant biliary obstruction in patients with surgically altered anatomy: analysis of risk factors for clinical failure EN Takeshi Tomoda Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Hironari Kato Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuya Miyamoto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Akihiro Matsumi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Eijiro Ueta Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Yuuki Fujii Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Yousuke Saragai Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Tatsuhiro Yamazaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Daisuke chida Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Kazuyuki atsumoto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Shigeru Horiguchi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Koichiro Tsutsumi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital Background To evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) using short-type double-balloon enteroscope (sDBE) in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Methods A total of 45 patients with surgically altered anatomy underwent ERCP using sDBE for the treatment of MBO between April 2011 and March 2019. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and technical success (insertion and biliary intervention success), adverse events, and risk factors for clinical failure. Results The scope was successfully inserted in the target site in 82.2% of patients (37/45), and among them, biliary intervention success was achieved in 86.4% (32/37). The overall technical success rate was 71.1% (32/45) and clinical success rate was 68.9% (31/45), with an adverse event rate of 11.1%. In multivariate analysis, the presence of peritoneal dissemination (odds ratio, 7.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–43.5, p = 0.02) was as an independent risk factor for clinical failure. The clinical success rate was 38.5% in patients with peritoneal dissemination and 81.3% in those without peritoneal dissemination. Conclusion Endoscopic treatment using sDBE in patients without peritoneal dissemination provided favorable outcomes, and it can be an initial treatment for MBO in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Endoscopic biliary stent placement with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) for the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) has been widely accepted as an effective drainage method because it is less invasive and safe and has a high success rate (1–3). However, MBO is treated using percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) or surgical bypass because of difficulties related to endoscopic access to the bile duct following gastrointestinal reconstruction. However, these methods are associated with marked adverse event (AE) rates [1,2,3]. Recently, balloon-assisted endoscopy (BAE) facilitates ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy. As for a double-balloon enteroscope (DBE), a short-type DBE (sDBE) is especially useful because it allows the use of many standard ERCP accessories. The success rates of reaching the target site and ERCP-related interventions associated using these endoscopes range from 73–100% and 85–100%, respectively [4, 5]. We previously reported that the success rate of reaching the target site and biliary intervention was 93.8% and 95.7%, respectively, in patients with benign hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) anastomotic stricture [6]. However, inaccessibility of the target site may occur due to severe postoperative adhesions or a long insertion time (i.e., > 60 min). Furthermore, previous reports have shown that the success rate of BAE in MBO cases was significantly lower than that in benign biliary diseases [7, 8]. Few reports have investigated the outcome of BAE for MBO in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Additionally, the risk factors for clinical failure are not well-established. Thus, we retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of endoscopic treatment for MBO using sDBE in patients with surgically altered anatomy and identified risk factors for clinical failure. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 73 1 2019 Predictive Factors for Successful Vaccination Against Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Patients Who Have Undergone Orthotopic Liver Transplantation 41 50 EN Ailee Ikeda Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Akinobu Takaki Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Tetsuya Yasunaka Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Atsushi Oyama Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takuya Adachi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Nozomu Wada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hideki Onishi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fusao Ikeda Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hidenori Shiraha Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kazuhiro Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takashi Kuise Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Daisuke Nobuoka Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ryuichi Yoshida Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Yuzo Umeda Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Takahito Yagi Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Toshiyoshi Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Hiroyuki Okada Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Original Article 10.18926/AMO/56457 Post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) hepatitis B recurrence is well-controlled with a nucleos(t)ide analogue and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) combination, but the high cost and the potential risk of unknown infection associated with HBIG remain unresolved issues. Low-cost recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine administration is a potential solution to these problems. We retrospectively analyzed the rate and predictive factors of HBV vaccine success in 49 post-OLT patients: liver cirrhosis-type B (LC-B), n=28 patients; acute liver failure-type B (ALF-B), n=8; and non-HBV-related end-stage liver disease (non-B ESLD) who received a liver from anti-hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors, n=13. A positive anti-hepatitis B surface antibody response was achieved in 29% (8/28) of the LC-B group, 88% (7/8) of the ALF-B group, and 44% (4/9) of the adult non-B ESLD group. All four non-B ESLD infants showed vaccine success. The predictive factors for a good response in LC-B were young age, marital donor, and high donor age. ALF-B and non-B ESLD infants are thus good vaccination candidates. LC-B patients with marital donors are also good candidates, perhaps because the donated liver maintains an efficient immune memory to HBV, as the donors had already been infected in adulthood and showed adequate anti-HBV immune responses. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama University Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1566 56 1 2014 SUMS OF TWO BIQUADRATES AND ELLIPTIC CURVES OF RANK ≥ 4 51 63 EN F.A. Izadi F. Khoshnam K. Nabardi 10.18926/mjou/52068 If an integer n is written as a sum of two biquadrates in two different ways, then the elliptic curve y2 = x3 − nx has positive rank. We utilize Euler’s parametrization to introduce some homoge- neous equations to prove that En has rank ≥ 3. If moreover n is odd and the parity conjecture is true, then the curve has even rank ≥ 4. Finally, some examples of ranks equal to 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10, are also obtained. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学算数・数学教育学会 Acta Medica Okayama 1341-3155 4 1997 数の多様な見方を育てる授業づくり第1学年「6, 7, 8, 9, 10の合成・分解」を通して 1 6 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Acta Medica Okayama 1559-2316 7 8 2012 Thermospermine suppresses auxin-inducible xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana 937 939 EN Kaori Yoshimoto Yoshiteru Noutoshi Ken-ichiro Hayashi Ken Shirasu Taku Takahashi Hiroyasu Motose Thermospermine, a structural isomer of spermine, is synthesized by a thermospermine synthase designated ACAULIS5 (ACL5). Thermospermine-deficient acl5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana shows severe dwarfism and excessive xylem differentiation. By screening for compounds that affect xylem differentiation in the acl5 mutant, we identified auxin analogs that remarkably enhanced xylem vessel differentiation in the acl5 mutant but not in the wild type. The xylem-inducing effect of auxin analogs was clearly suppressed by thermospermine, indicating that auxin-inducible xylem differentiation is normally limited by thermospermine. Here, we further characterized xylem-inducing effect of auxin analogs in various organs. Auxin analogs promoted protoxylem differentiation in roots and cotyledons in the acl5 mutant. Our results indicate that the opposite action between thermospermine and auxin in xylem differentiation is common in different organs and also suggest that thermospermine might be required for the suppression of protoxylem differentiation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 37 423 1925 下顎運動ニ伴フ眼瞼ノ異常運動 474 480 EN S. Ohmori Seitdem Gunn, ein Engländer, 1883 über diese abnorme Bewegung berichtete, sind die Mitteilungen in Bezug auf diese abnorme Bewegung hintereinander erschienen. Bei uns in Japan ist ebenfalls das betreffende Leiden vielfach mitgeteilt worden, seitdem Prof Dr. K. Ohnishi 1893 über einen Fall berichtete. Prof. Dr. Komoto unterscheidet unter abnormer Augenlidbewegung überhaupt folgende drei Gruppen: 1) Die Mitbewegung des Augenlides, die die Bewegung des Unterkiefers, des Rachens, der Gesichtsmuskeln u. a. begleitet. 2) Die abnorme Bewegung des Augenlides, die die Bewegung des Augenbulbus begleitet. 3) Die spontane Bewegung des oberen Augenlides nach oben. Die meisten bis heute berichteten fälle gehören des ersten Gruppe zu. Hierzu gehört auch mein Fall, worüber in der vorliegenden Mitteilung beschreiben wird. 1) Dieses Leiden ist von angeborener Natur. Jedoch wird es häufig im Kindes-resp. Jugendalter bemerkt. 2) Bei diesem Leiden scheint die Vererbung keine Rolle zu spielen. 3) Bei diesem Leiden ist häufig Ptosis zu bemerken. 4) Abnorme Bewegung begleitet hauptsächlich die Bewegung des M. pterigoideus ext. Bezüglich der Entstehungsweise dieses Leidens finden wir viele Ansichten. Meiner Meinung nach werden bei der Unterkieferbewegung die Erregungen des M. pter. ext. durch die mesenzephale Trigeminuswurzel, die bei diesem Leiden abnorme Funktion haben dürfte reflektorisch auf den Oculomotoriuskern, besonders auf dem M. levator palp. innervierenden Kern übertragen, um das obere Augenlid zu heben. Bei einem von mir beobachteten Falle handelt es sich um einen 23 jährigen Mann, der angeborene rechtsseitige Ptosis hat. Sein rechtes oberes Augenlid hebt sich, wenn der Unterkiefer nach rechts gedreht oder nach vorn gebracht wird. Mein zweiter Fall betrifft einen 30 jährigen Mann, der seit seinem 7-8 Lebensjahr an diesem Leiden litt. Je älter der Patient wurde, desto schlechter wurde sein Leiden. Trotzdem scheint es mir, dass sich bei diesem Patienten es u. n ein angeborenes Leiden handelt. Er hat keine Ptosis. Wenn er den Unterkiefer, mit der nach gerichteten Gesicht und mit offenem Munde, nach rechts dreht, hebt sich am deutlichsten sein linkes oberes Augenlid. Dabei wird seine linke Augenspalte doppelt so breit als die anderseitige. Augenhintergrund und äussere Augenmuskeln zeigen keine Abnormitäten. An den genannten beiden Fällen lässt sich keine hereditäre Belastung erkennen. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 40 10 1928 「レントゲン」線ノ胎兒ニ及ボス影響　其4 海猽胎兒ニ就キテノ研究 2214 2234 EN Shigenobu Kosaka Zur Lösung der Frage, auf welche Weise die Röntgenstrahlen den Schwangerschaftsverlauf, sowie die Entwickelung und des Gewebe der Feten beeinflussen, habe ich an verschiedenen Tieren experimentelle Untersuchungen angestellt. Nach der bisberigen habe ich an 152 Meerschweinchen Uutersuchungen vorgenommen, deren Ergebnisse sich folgendermassen zusammenfassen lassen: 1) Die Röntgenstrahlen können auf die Frucht der Meerschweinchen wie auf eine solche der Mäuse, Kaninchen und weissen Ratten immer schädigend einwirken. 2) Ueber die Schwangerschaftsunterbrechung. a. Ob die Bestrahlung mit 1/3 H. E. D. in der ersten Trächtigkeitswoche die Trächtigkeitsfortsetzung beeinflusst ober nicht, ist nicht entscheiden, sie wirkt gar nicht oder auf die Trächtigkeit unterbrechend, Diese Trächtigkeitsunterbrechung rührt von der gestörten Einbettung der durch Bestrahlung degenerierten befruchteten Eier her, welche resorbiert ober nach aussen ausgestossen werden. b. Die Bestrahlung mit über 1/3 H. E. D. führt immer die Trächtigkeitsunterbrechung herbei, die mit dem Fruchttod beginnt und mit der Resorption der gestorbenen Früchte endet. c. Bei der Bestrahlung mit über 2/3 H. E. D. in der 3-5 Schwangerschaftswoche macht sich 48-120 Stunden danach sicher Trächtigkeitsunterbrechung herbei geltend, welchein einem mit der Resorption der bestrahlten Feten und im anderen Falle mit der Ausstossung derselben nach aussen endigt. Von den in der dritten Trächtigkeitswoche bestrahlten Feten werden die meisten resorbiert und nur relativ wenigen nach aussen ausgestossen, während von den in der 4.-5. Woche bestrahlten die meisten dem letzteren und nur die wenigen dem ersteren Schicksal anheimfallen. d. Die Bestrahlung mit über 2/3 H. E. D. resp. über 1 H. E. D. in der 6.-9. Schwangerschaftswoche fuhrt immer die Trächtigkeitsunterbrechung herbei, die mit dem Fruchttod beginnt und mit der Ausstossung der gestorbenen Früchte nach aussen endigt. (1) Die gestorbenen Früchte lassen sich im allgemeinen 5 Tage bis 2 Woche nach der Bestrahlung nach aussen ausstossen, aber manchmal auch erst in der normalen Entbindungszeit oder später. (2) Die durch Bestrahlung zugrunde gegangeuen Embryonen, welche nach über 19 Tagen ausgestossen oder bei der Laparotomie untersucht wurden, waren in der Regel mumifiziert. 3) Ueber die Entwickelung der Frucht. a. Die in allen Embryonalstadien bestrahlten im Endstadum des Fetallebens befindlichen Feten und Sänglinge liessen keine auffallende Hypoplasie erkennen, während nur die in der 7-8 Woche bestrahlte Thymus eine deutliche relativ unvollkommene Entwickelung zeigte. b. Dass sich bei den bestrahlten Meerschweinchenföten keine deutliche Entwickelungsstörung zeigte, rührt hauptsächlich daher, dass die Strahlenmenge, welche die Hypoplasie auszulösen imstande ist, immer auf die Früchte letal wirkte. 4) Uber die Degeneration der Gewebe Alle Gewebe der Frucht erfahren parallel der Empfänglichkeit für die Röntgenstrahlen und der Strahlenmenge verschieden starke Degenerationen. Also sind bei Plexus chorioidei, Haut, Pankreas, Schilddrüse, Nebenschilddrüse, Keimdrüse, Nebenniere, glatten Muskeln, Herzmuskeln, Knorpel etc. in allen Embryonalstadien die die durch Röntgenstrahlen bedingten Degenerationen nicht auffallend. Die Befunde an allen entarteten Geweben sind folgende: (1) Der temporäreo der permanente Schwund der mitose derZellen. (2) Schrumpfung, Zerfall, Anschwellung und schlechte Färbbarkeit aller Zellkerne und die durch Kerndegeneration bedingte Anschwellung, Schrumpfung, Tod, Zerstörung, Schwund der Zellen, 3) besonders das Erscheinen der Phagozyten und die Phagozytose in den Geweben in Zentralnervengewebe, Netzhaut, Thymus Mesoderm etc., (4) Die Regenerationserscheinung im Gewebe, besonders eine spezifische Regeneration in Pars optica retinae, u. dgl.. a. Die Epithelzellen, welche grosse Neigung zur Kernanschwellung zeigen, kommen in einer grossen Anzahl vor. Die Stützgewebezellen zeigen undeutlich anschwellene Kerne und zahlreiche von ihnen Schrumpfung. Von den Zentralnervengewebszellen sind die meisten der Kernpyknose anheimfallen, aber keine angeschwollen. b. Die durch Röntgenstrahlen direct herbeigeführten Degenerationen der Gewebe gehen im allgemeinen mehrere Tage nach der Bestrahlung zurück. Falls durch die Bestrahlung die Feten nicht getötet warden, kehrten die dadurch beschädigten Gewebe in der Embryonalzeit zur Norm zurück, aber bei der letal wirkenden Strahlenmenge erfolgte dies nicht, zudem stellten sich dabei sekundäre Gewebsdegenerationen wie Kalkabingerung, abnorme Glykogenverteilung etc, ein. c. Die Phagozytose der durch Bestrahlung degenerierten Gewebe machte sich zwar an der Thymus besonders deutlich geltend, aber an dem Zentralnervengewebe und der Retina gans schwach, ob sie in anderen Geweben auftrat odor nicht zu ermitteln. d. An der in der 4-6 Schwangerschaftswcche mit 2/3 H. E. D. bestrahlten Sehepithelsohicht der Retina zeigen sich durch Bildung der von den Ependymzellen aus hie und da, in einer grossen Anzahl erzeugten Zellenröhre, welche gerade einer solchen des Nervenrohrs im ersten Embryonalstadium analog ist, Regeneration und Proliferation Gewebe. 5) Ueber die Empfänglichkeit der Gewebe für die Röntgenstrahlen. Auch bei den Meerschweinchen kommt bei wie den Mäusen, Kaninchen und weissen Ratten jedem Gewebe spezifische Empfänglichkeit für die Röntgenstrahleu zu. Also ist der Untersohied zwischen den Empfänglichkeit aller Gewebe je nach den verschiedenen Fötalstadien auch verschieden. Die Empfänglichkeit der Gewebe in allen Embryonalstadien für die Röntgenstrahlen sind nach ihrer Stärke angeordnet wie folgt: Zweite Embryonalwoche : Gehirn=Rückenmark. Mesoderm=Retina Spinalganglion=Cutisplatte. Anlage der Augenlinse=Vorderdarmepithel=Urnierengangsepithel. Dritte Embryonalwoche : Gehirn=Rückenmark=Retina. Mesoderm. Spinalganglion. Hypophyse. Lnngenepithel=Magen-und Darmepithel=Urnierengangsepithel=Thymus. Leber. Vierte Embryonalwoche : Gebirn=Retina. Mesonderm. Thymus. Rückenmark. Magen- and Darmepithel=Hypophyse=Spinaalganglion=Lungenepithel=Leber=Milz. Fünfte Embryonalwoche : Gehirn=Retina=Thymus. Leber=Milz, Sechste bis siebente Embryonalwcche : Thymus. Gehirn=Retina. Leber=Milz. Achte bis neunte Embryonalwoche : Thymus. Gehirn=Retina. Milz. 6) Die dürch die Röntgenstrahlen bedingten Veränderungen des Placentalparencbyms zeigen sich im Placentallabyrinth als Atrophie und Kalkniederschläge der Syncytium zellstränge, die aber an der Placenta materna nicht anffallend auftreten. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 42 4 1930 膵臟ラ氏島ノ組織學的研究及ビ其分泌機轉ニ就テ（第1報） 777 787 EN Mitsuhiko Ohmori Der Verfasser untersuchte die Langerhansschen Inseln des Pankreas beim Kaninchen mit Hilfe der Cajalschen Uransilbermethode und unterscheidet ihre Zellen in 3 Arten (A-, B- und C-Zellen), welche hauptsächlich nach den Formen ihrès Golgischen Apparates ein verschiedenes Aussehen darbieten (Fig. 1, 2, 3). Um die Natur dieser Zellformen klar zu machen, entfernte der Verfasser bei mehreren Kaninchen die Schilddrüse, die gegen die Langerhansschen Inseln eine antagonistische Wirkung hat, und untersuchte nach Verlauf von 7-70 Tagen die Zellen der Inseln, besonders ihre Golgischen Apparate. Dabei sieht man, dass A-Zellen in erster Linie sehr spärlicher werden, indem sie die Lage und Form des Golgischen Apparates verändernd zu B-Zellen übergehen. Der Golgische Apparat der B-Zellen, welcher sich rings um den Kern herum findet, zerfällt dann in feine Körnchen, die sich überall im Zellleib zerstreuen, wobei die Zelle sich infolge der Sekretsansammelung anschwillt. In diesem Stadium scheint der Golgische Apparat an der Sekretbildung sich zu beteiligen. Mit dem Fortschreiten des Sekretionsprozesses verschiebt sich der Golgische Apparat nach den Blutkapillaren, was auf den Druck des Sekretionsstromes zurückzuführen ist. Dabei werden die Zellen länglich oval und gehen zu C-Zellen über. Diese C-Zellen repräsentieren also einen Zellzustand voller Sekretion. Wenn die Sekretion vollendet ist, so schrumpfen die Zellen und der Golgische Apparat tritt in den Hintergrund. 3 Wochen nach der Thyreodektomie zeigen die Zellen der Langerhansschen Inseln den höchsten Punkt der Sekretionsphase (Fig. 6). Darauf folgt eine Neubildung der Zellen (A-Zellen), wobei die Inseln sich vergrössern oder aufs neue auftreten (Fig. 7, 8, 9 u. 10). Doch sistiert sich diese Wucherung der Inseln 7 Wochen nach der Thyreodektomie, vielleicht wegen der Vollendung der compensatorischen Funktion der anderen endokrinen Organe. Langerhansschen Inseln begrenzen sich beim normalen Kaninchen scharf vom Parenchym, doch findet man keine eigentliche Bindegewebskapsel. Wenn die Insel auch teilweise vom Bindegewebe umgeben ist, so handelt es sich um das interlobuläre Bindegewebe. Bei Funktionssteigerung der Inseln nach der Thyreodektomie wird die Grenze zwischen Inseln und Parenchym undeutlich und dann sieht man, dass A-Zellen am Rand der Inseln aufs neue zutage treten oder neue kleine Inseln aus A-Zellen mitten im Parenchym zum Vorschein kommen. Diese neue A-Zellen stammen höchst wahrscheinlich aus den Parenchymzellen. Daher bin ich der Meinung, dass die Langerhansschen Inseln keine selbstständigen Organe darstellen, sondern sie zuweilen aus dem Parenchym entstehen können. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 43 11 1931 心臟原基ノ發生ニ就キテ其ノ1 （鳥類殊ニ家鳩ニ於ケル檢索） 2785 2806 EN Toyota Yoshida Verfasser stellte über die frühe Entwicklung des Herzens der Columba domestica Untersuchungen an und kam zu folgenden Ergebnissen: 1) Die Anlage des Cöloms schliessen beiderseits mehrere unregelmässige Hohlräume ein, diese einzelnen Hohlräume vereinigen sich bald zu zwei Haupthöhlen, welche einen longitudinalen Verlauf haven. 2) Von der Splanchnopleura aus entstehen Angioblasten, welche zwischen Splanchnopleura und Entoderm zu liegen kommen. Man findet Angioblasten zuerst bei Embryonen von 3-4 Urwirbeln. Diese Zellen nehmen endothelialen Charakter an, und schliessen jederseits mehrere unregelmässige Hohlräume ein (bei Embryonen mit 6 Urwirbeln); diese einzelnen Hohlräume vereinigen sich bald zu zwei Haupthöhlen. 3) Die verdickte Splanchnopleura (bezeichnet als “Herzplatte”) liefert später das Myo- und Epicard. Bei Embryonen mit 6-7 Urwirbeln bemerkt man zum Ersten Mal die Verschmelzung der beiden Herzplatten. 4) Bei Embryonen mit 7-8 Urwirbeln tritt das Mesocardium ventrale auf, es ist bei solchen mit 8-9 Urwirbeln von der Mitte, dicht vor der Darmpforte, durchgerissen und bei solchen mit 10 Urwirbeln verschwunden. 5) Das erste Auftreten des Mesocardium dorsale zeigt sich bei Embryonen mit 10 Urwirbeln, es ist von der Mitte bei solchen mit 13-14 Urwirbeln zerreissen, dann versch-windet es sehr schnell nach vorn und nach hinten, aber es. bleiben an dem Bulbus und Sinus venosus noch weitere Stadien zurück. 6) Bei Embryonen mit 9-10 Urwirbeln finden sicb auf dem Schnitt deutlich zwei nebeneinander liegende, durch ein Septum getrennte Endothelröhren, und bei solchen mit 13-14 Urwirbeln ist ein einheitliches medianes Endothelrohr vorhanden. Wir können auf dem Schnitt rein paarige Anlagen nicht einmal an einer Stelle (Kammerteil?) nachweisen. 7) Der Sulcus bulbo-ventricularis ist am deutlichsten bei Embryonen mit 13-14 Urwirbeln. 8) Die ersten Merkmale des Auricularkanals werden beim Embryo mit 18 Urwirbeln erkenbar und sind bei Embryonen mit 23 Urwirbeln deutlich ausgesprochen. Der Sulcus atrio-ventricularis ist ebenfalls in dieser Zeit nachweisbar. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 49 1 1937 人胎兒睾丸ノ形態的竝ニ組織的研究 35 62 EN Yutaro Morioka 1. Was die morphologisehe Gliederung der Samenkanäle der menschlichen Keimdrüse betrifft, so ist sie heute noch fraglich. Wir haben allerdings einige Angaben über dieselbe. Aber damals wurde das Verhaltnis hauptsächlich beim Erwachsenen beobachtet und zwar hatte man die Untersuchung nur mittels der Zupfmethode ausgeführt. Dieser Umstand veranlasste mich, als Material die beiderseitigen Keimdrüsen eines menschlichen Embryos von 100mm Scheitelsteisslänge, Gesamtlänge 155mm zu verwenden. Die Keimdrüsen betragen rechts 5mm, links 7,5mm in der Längsachse und waren bei der Leistengrube noch in der Bauchhohle verborgen. Da der Keimling vor dem Gebrauch in einer 10% igen Formollosung aufbewahrt war, so spülte ich die Werkstoffe mit dem Wasser gründlich aus; danach wurden sie in Alkohol fixiert, daun in Paraffin eingebettet, und es wurden von ihnen 10μ dicke Serien hergestellt, Ich hatte zuerst ein gesamtes Wachsplattenmodell aus dem Rechtsorgane rekonstruiert und es in verschiedene Abschnitte geteilt, das linke aber nur histologisch untersucht. 2. Die Ursprungsform des künftigen Samenkanälchens ist ein länglicher Uformiger Bogen, der als ein gekrümmter Abschnitt unter der Tunica albuginea liegt und dessen zwei lange Schenkel sich nach dem Mediastinum testis nebeneinander ausstrecken. Schon der einzelne Kanal ist etwas gewunden und geschlängelt, seine Länge beträgt 700-2200μ, sein Durchmesser 30-50μ. Ausserdem verbinden od. verzweigen sich die Kanälchen in ihrem Verlaufe, so dass mehr netzartige Kanalkomplikationen hier uud da entstehen. Diese treten häufiger bei dem peripherischen Abschnitte anf als nahe bei dem Mediastinum testis. Durch ihre wiederholten Verbindungen bilden sie eine konische oder unregelmässige Keilform aus, die spater durch den Septula testis sich in einzelne Läppchen teilt. Gewohulich besitzt ein Kanalkomplex teils 6-10, teils noch mehr Kanäle und richtet seine abgestumpfte Spitze nach dem Rete testis, eine ausgedehnte Basis liegt bei der Tunica albuginea. 3. Nach den Anordnungen konnen wir bei dem Hoden, wie beim Nebenhoden, 3 Abschnitte, d. i. Ober- Mittel- und Unterabschnitt, unterscheiden. Anch bei dem Verhältnis ihrer Gliederung lassen sich zwei verschiedene Systeme unterscheiden. Die eine ist von der anderen durch einen kleinen Rauminhalt isoliert und liegt im ganzen Bezirke des Hrdens verstreut. Von diesen Typus fand ich an dem Oberabschnitte 16, am Mittelabschnitte 5 und am Uhterabschnitte 10. Eine andere entsteht durch die mehr od. weniger wiederholten Verbindungen des ersten Systems. Dabei findet man eine Anastomose zwischen den Stucken der Känale, die dem Mediastinum testis nahe liegen und den benachbarten Komplexen zugehoren, hüuflg. Aber es entsteht auch zum Teil bei dem gekrümmten Stücke unter der Albuginea. Dann findet man einen nebeneinänder zusammengeschichteten grösseren Kamalkomplex. Der grösste Teil der Hodenstrange gehört in dieses System und diese zeigen folgende Anordnung: a) Beim Unterabschnitte fanden wir zwei von diesen. Die eine von ihnen häuft sich an der inneren nnd äusseren Seite des Hodens in der 3 Schichten ubereinander zusammen und ist beiderseits in der Mitte durch oben erwähuten Modus verbunden. Die andere liegt dorsalwärts und bildet ein Drittel des Unterabschnittes. b) Beim Oberabschnitte ordnen sich die Kanalkomplexe ganz ebenso wie im Unterabschnitt, nur ist es unterscheidbar, dass sie ihre Spitzen hauptsächlich kaudaldorsalwärts zuwenden, und sich allmählich kranial-ventralwarts ausbreiten; endlich ist bei der obersten Schicht nur ein System aufzufinden. c) Ihre Anordnung im Mittelabschnitt ist besonders gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass sie hier an der äusseren und inneren Seite des Mediastinum testis einander gegenüberstehen und viel mehr Schichten als in den anderen Abschnitten darstellen, dazu beide sich einmal an der 5. Schicht miteinander verbinden und damit in eine ununterscheidbare Schicht verschmelzen. Es ist auch merkwürdig, dass, während die äussere Seite bei der 6. Schicht aufhört und die folgende 7.-8. Schicht von dem anderen isolierten System gebildet wird, die innere Seite 8 Schichten hat und noch weiter bis zur Mittelschicht des Oberabschnittes fortdauert. Dann trennen sie sich bei der 6. bis 8. Schicht in die zwei Systeme, die einen gehen ventral, die anderen dorsalwärts hinauf. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 50 2 1938 實驗的家兎及ビ海猽過敏症ニ於ケル血壓竝ニ呼吸ニ就テ 438 458 EN Itusi Tokusige Um die Todesursache bei Anaphylaxie klarzustellen, wurden gleichzeitig auf Kymographion die Blutdruck-und die Atemkurve bei aktiver und passiver Anaphylaxie der Kaninchen und Meerschweinche aufgezeichnet. Das Versuchstier wurde aktiv oder passiv durch Rinderserum oder Antirinderserum sensibilisiert; dann wurde ihm nach bestimmter Inkubationszeit das Antigen reinjiziert. Die Atemkurve wurden durch Mareyschen Tambour in Trachea auf der Trommel und der Blutdruck in gewöhnlicher Weise durch Manometer in Carotis auch auf der Trommel angezeigt. Bei veränderten Todesursachen zeigen diese Kurven einer verschiedenen Verlauf in ihrem Verfältnis zu einander. Bei Schocktod des Meerschweinchens beschleuningte sich anfangs die Atemzahl nach der Antigenreinjektion und die Ampulitude der Atemkurven wurde unregelmässig und breiter dann verkleinerte sich allmählich dieser Atemtypus immer mehr bis zum Tod. Bei massig starker Anaphyldxie, bei welcher sich das Tier nach heftigem Krampf wieder erholt, wurde die verminderte Atemzahl wieder frequent, die Ampulitude wurde auch erweitert.Bei leichter Anaphylaxie nimmt dagegen die Atemzahl nach. der Reinjektion zu und die Ampulitude verlängert sich. Der Blutdruck aber steigt nach der Antigeninjektion bei demselben Tier, besonders bei Krampfanfällen. Bei schocktod sinkt der Blutdruck allmählich trotz Atemstillstnd herab; man sieht dabei noch pulsierendes und dunkel gefärbtes Blut in Glasröhren für Druckmessung. Aus den Veränderungen der Atmung und des Blutdrucks könnte die Ursache des anaphylaktischen Todes der Meerschweinchen als mechanischer Erstickungstod erklärt werden, und der Stillstand des Herzens scheint nur sekundärer Natur zu sein. (Fig. 2, 3, 4.) Bei der Kaninchenanaphylaxie sinkt der Blutdruck parallel mit dem Grad der Anaphylaxie herab, wie es schon von vielen Forschern bestätigt wurde. Die Atemkurve zeigt vor und nach der Blutdrucksenkung eine unregelmässige Ampulitude, in extremen Fällen sogar einen kurz dauernden annähernden Apnoezustand; dann wird die Ampulitude regelmässig gross und die Atemzahl auch vermehrt. Der Grad einer solchen Veränderug der Atemkurve stimmt beinahe mit dem der Senkung des Blutdrucks überein, deshalb kann man daran die Schwere der Anaphylaxie erkennen. (Fig. 7, 8.) Die Veränderungen der Blutdruck-uud Atemkurven bei Kaninchen oder bei Meerschweinchen, denen Pepton injiziert wurde, sind fast denen bei Anaphylaxie fast gleich (Fig. 5, 9.) No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 51 8 1939 過敏症抗體變動ニ關スル研究（第2報）「ベンツオール」ト抗體量トニ就テ 1706 1721 EN Takeo Yokoyama Indem ich Benzol- und Pferdeseruminjektion auf verschiedene Weise zusammenfügte, sensibilisierte ich Meerschweinchen. 7-8 Tage nach der Sensibilisierung wurden die Menge der Antikörper un Uterus nach dem Daleschen Verfahren bestimmt. Nachdem ich mit den Werten des Präzipitins im Blute verglichen und die dabei zur Geltung gekommenen Einflüsse von seiten des Pilokarpin, etc. untersucht hatte, gelangte ich zu folgenden Schlüssen: (1) Je weiter die Benzolvergifung vor der Pferdeserum-Injektion vorgeschritten ist, desto stärker wird die Antikörperbildung gestört, wobei zu beachten ist, dass sich die Zeit verlangert, die notig ist, bis höchste Wert der Antikorper nach der Antigen-In- jektion erreicht wird. (2) 30 Minuten nach der Pilokarpin-Injektion (1%, 1cc) vermehrt sich die Antikörpermenge im Blute und Uterus stets stärker als nach der Adrenalin-Injektion (0, 1%, 0, 5cc). Obwohl meistens zunimmt, ist der Wert um so kleiner, je grösser die Gesamtmenge des eingegossenen Benzols. Ferner nimmt die Menge des Antikörpers im Uterus sowie im Blute 30 Minuten nach der Adrenalin-Injektion meistens ab. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 55 2 1943 能働性免疫動物ニ及ボス受働性抗體ノ影響ニ關スル實驗的研究（第3編）能働性免疫動物ニ注入セシ溶血素ノ免疫經過ニ及ボス影響ニ就テ 238 256 EN Huziro Zitunari In der vorhergehenden Mitteilung hat der Verfasser mit Rinderserum immunisierten Tieren ein Antirinderpräzipitin von Kaninchen injiziert und den weiteren Immunitätsverlauf beobachtet. Dabei Konnte er feststellen, dass der injizierte Antikörper Antigen, die im Organe noch zuruckbleiben ünd der Antikörperbildung dienen, beeinflusst und dadurch stark herabgesetzt wird. Fur die Antikörperbildung des Versuchstiers wird weiter in dieser Mitteilung statt Präzipitin des Hämolysin angewandt, weil das letztere in Bezng auf Antigennatur als Serumantigen sehr verändert ist. Es ist weiter interessant, dass die Spezifität des Roteblutkörperchens von der Verwandtschaftsreaktion, besonders von Forssmanschen Antigenen aus beobaohtet werden bestimmte Menge von roten Blutkörperchen von Ziegen oder Rindern eingeführt. Nach Ablauf der Inkubationszeit von 10 Tagen bei hochster Antikorperbildendezeit wurde eine bestimmte Antikörpermenge wie Antiziegen-, Antirinderhämolysin oder Forssmansche Antikörper dem Versuchstier injiziert und der Verlauf der Antikörperbildung genau beobachtet. Die Untersuchungsresultate sind folgende: 1) 50%ige Ziegenblutemulsion wurde, je kg des Kaninchens 1cc, intravenös injiziert und die Hämolysinbildung zeitlich bestimmt. Dabei fand Verfasser vom dritten Page an Antikörperbildung, die bis zu 7-8 Tagen anstieg. Dieses höchste Hömolysin dauerte bis zu 17 Tagen und verminderte sich allmahlich. (Fig. 1) 2) Durch Einführung von Antiziegenhämolysin wurde dieser Immunitätsverlauf värandert, weil das injizierte Hämolysin wie beim Präzipitin (1. und 2. Mitteilung) die Antikörperbildung stark herabsetzte. Deswegen verkürzt sich die Zeitdauer des höchsten Antikörperwertes je nach der Injektionsweise. (Fig. 2) Durch Injektion von Antirinderhamolysin nimmt auch wie beim Ziegenhämolysin die Antikörperbildung ab, weil das Antirinderhämolysin gegen Ziegenrote verwandtschaftlich hämolytisch wirkt. Nach Beseitigung dieses Ziegenantikörpers durch Absorption mit Ziegenrote wirkt dagegen das Antirinderhämolysin auf aktiv mit Ziegenrote immunisierte Tier nicht mehr. (Fig. 3) 3) Wenn man den mit roten Blutkörperchen von Rindern immunisierten Kaninchen das Antirinderhämolysin oder Antiziegenhämolysin, welches eine starke Gruppenreaktion gegenüber Rinderrote zeigt, passiv einführt, so kann man die Antikörper im Blut schnell zur Abnahme bringen. Wenn aber das behandelte Antiziegenhämolysin injiziert und durch Absorption das Rinderhämolysin beseitigt worden war, verändert sich der Immunitätsverlauf des Versuchstiers nicht mehr. 4) Durch Injektion von Meerschweinchennieren kann man das Antiziegenhämolysin bei Kaninchen nach Forssman herstellen, welches aber gegen Rinderblut nicht hämolytisch wirkt. Damit fand Verfassor bei diesem Immunitätsverlauf eine wichtige Tatsache: Nach Injektion des Forssmanschen Antikörpers verkürzt sich der Hämolysinverlauf des mit Ziegenrote immunisierten Kaninchens, doch bleibt dieser bei den mit Rinderrote immunisierten Kaninchen unverändert. 5) Aus der Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse geht hervor, dass durch entsprechendes Antigen und Antikörperbildung auch der Hämolysinversuch mit passiv injiziertem Hämolysin den aktiven Immunitätsverlauf beeinflusst. Die Antikörper im Blut nehmen dann rasch ab. Wenn hingegen die beiden nicht entsprechen, so vermag die Einfuhrung der Antikörper auf den Immunitätsverlauf keinen Einflüss auszuuben. Im Grund muss man annehmen, dass diese Erscheinung auf die im Körper zurückbleibenden Antigene und die eingeführten Antikörper züruckzuführen ist. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 9-2 1959 犬肝臓の細胞内顆粒からのin vitro Histamine遊離に関する研究 6173 6186 EN Kei Jinzenji In vitro histamine release from intracellular large granules of the dog liver was determined and compared with that from the chopped tissue. The histamine release from the large granules depended on the concentration, duration of action, temperature and pH of histamine liberators. Histamine was released by all the liberators tested even at 0°C less than at 37°C. The action of basic liberators such as sinomenine increased with increasing alkalinity of medium. Dibucaine hydrochloride, decylamine hydrochloride, HgCl(2), quinine hydrochloride and tutocaine hydrochloride at pH 7-8 and 6mM concentration released over 50 per cent of histamine from the large granules. Under the same conditions ethylmorphine hydrochloride, toluidine blue, procaine hydrochloride, saponin (0.1 per cent), tropacocaine hydrochloride, sodium cholate, Compound 48/80 (0.1 per cent), sinomenine hydrochloride, Tween 20 (0.2 per cent), cocaine hydrochloride and xylocaine hydrochloride revealed the histamine liberating action in the descending order named. Histamine release from the granules by these substances was larger in variable degrees as compared with that from the chopped tissue. Sodium salicylate inhibited the release from the granules and chopped liver by other substances, while diphenhydamine and guaiazulen did not reveal such an inhibitory action but rather accelerated the release though slightly. The histamine release from the chopped tissue by sinomenine and decylamine was inhibited by uranil nitrate, but it was not the same from the large granules. The lack of oxygen accelerated the histamine release by decylamine from both the granules and chopped tissues, but did not reveal any significant effect on the action of other liberators. In in vitro anaphylaxis histamine release occurred in the chopped tissue but not in the granules. As far as basic liberators are concerned, there seemed to be some correlation between the histamine release ability and the heparin combining power. However, the surface activity or the hemolytic power of liberators and the histamine release ability was not to be necessarily in parallel with each other in degree. Interpreting the intracellular large granules as the granules of mast cells and in the light of the above findings the author discussed the respective mode of action of the liberators on mast cells and on their granules. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 肉体ならびに精神労作負荷前後の自覚症状，フリッカー値及び尿中17-OHコルチコステロイド・蛋白質・クレアチニン排泄量の変動 853 862 EN Seitaro Nakae Ten students who belong to the volleyball club in a women's university practiced vollyball for 2 hours; 35 female students were walked for 1 hour (Mean heart rate: 105 beats/min). 32 and 6 female students took the one digit addition of Kraepelin's test for 60 and 90 min, respectively. The number of complaints of subjective symptoms, flicker fusion value, the excretion rate of urinary 17-OHCS (17-hydroxycorticosteroids), protein and creatinine before and after physical or mental work were investigated. The questionnaire included thirty questions, divided into three groups each consisting of ten symptoms, I: drowsiness and dullness, II: difficulty in concentration, III: projection of physical disintegration. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The number of subjective symptoms in those who walked were particulary increased in groups I and III. Group II symptoms were increased in the participants who calculated the one digit addition. 2) The flicker fusion value after physical exercise was not decresed, but in one digit addition the flicker fusion value was significant decreased after working. 3) The excretion of urinary 17-OHCS tended to decrease after vollyball training and walking. In the case of one digit addition, the excretion of urinary 17-OHCS was increased. 4) The excretion of urinary protein was generally increased after vollyball training, and urinary creatinine was increased after physical and mental work. In conclusion a difference was demonstrated between physical and mental work and related complaints of subjective symptoms, flicker fusion values and excretion rates of urinary 17-OHCS. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 クロルピリホス使用シロアリ防除作業者の血中コリンエステラーゼ活性値の変動について 843 852 EN Fumihiko Jitsunari Fumiyuki Asakawa Taichi Nakajima Junko Shimada Masana Ogata 1986年9月よりシロアリ防除剤として広く使用されだしたクロルピリホス(有機リン系殺虫剤)のシロアリ防除作業者への健康影響を明らかにするために,シロアリ防除事業所の従業員8名について追跡調査を行い,以下の結果を得た. 1.処理作業従事者(6名)の毎月初めの平均血漿コリンエステラーゼ活性値は1987年4月までは正常範囲であったが,シロアリ防除シーズン(繁忙期)の5月より低下を始め, 6月～9月は正常値の下限(0.6ΔpH)以下であった.その後閑散期には回復に向かい, 1988年1月にはシーズン前の水準に戻った.各作業者においては,シーズン中の最低値は,シーズン前の水準(1986年11月～1987年4月の各人の平均値)の50%以下であり,うち2名は10%以下にまで低下した.一方,主として営業従事者の2名の血漿コリンエステラーゼ活性値はシーズン中にやや低下したものの正常値の範囲内であり,シーズン中の最低値もシーズン前の水準の60%以上であった. 2.赤血球コリンエステラーゼ活性値は, 1987年6月から1988年1月まで8名とも正常範囲であったが, 6～9月は低く, 12月及び翌年の1月は高値であった.前者の期間における各人の平均値の後者の期間における各人の平均値に対する割合は, 8人の平均で72.2%であった. 3. 1作業者の観察において,シーズン中の処理作業従事時間数と血漿コリンエステラーゼ活性値の増加率との間には有意の負の相関が認められ, 1日の時間数が2時間で血漿コリンエステラーゼ活性値は横這い,それ以上で低下,それ以下で上昇することが明らかになった. 4.作業者の自覚症状,他覚症状には顕著な異常は認められていない.作業者によっでは赤血球数および白血球数の若干の低下,血清脂質およびリパーゼの異常等が認められており継続観察の必要がある. 5.血漿コリンエステラーゼ活性値はクロルピリホスの生物学的暴露指標として鋭敏であり,クロルピリホスによる健康障害の予防のために有用である. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 市町別医療需給状況と主成分分析法を用いたその類型化の試み―香川県下の43市町の外来医療について― 831 841 EN Fumihiko Jitsunari Fumiyuki Asakawa Taichi Nakajima Yoshiki Manabe Atsushi Goto Masana Ogata The medical service situation of out-patient medical treatment in 43 cities and towns of Kagawa Prefecture was analyzed, and classified using principal component analysis. When viewed by the average of 43 cities and towns, the rate of dependence on one's own area was 48.4%, the rate of patients from one's own area at 73.3%. Generally, the self-sufficiency of medicalcare was high, and the medical treatment zone was wider in the city region compared with the county region. The medical service situation in 43 cities and towns was classified into 5 types such as the Nuclear type: 4 cities; the Base type: 1 city and 4 towns; the Averageother type: 18 towns; the Peripheral type (the Insular region type: 3 towns; the Peninsular or remote place type: 2 towns; the Satellite city type: 2 towns) and the Depopulated type: 9 towns, using principal component analysis with the rate of dependence on one's own area, rate of patients from one's own area, dependence entropy and medical treatment zone entropy as the input data. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 最近5年間に経験した寄生虫・衛生動物疾患症例について(1984-1989) 821 830 EN Hiroyuki Matsuoka Toshiki Aji Akira Ishii Yasumasa Tongu Nobuo Ohta Toru Edahiro Hiroyuki Doi Julieta Yuri Kimura Kazuo Itano Kazuhisa Morishige Jigo Song From April 1984 to March 1989, we accepted 399 samples and specimens from hospitals and clinics, and diagnosed 86 cases of parasitic diseases. In this paper, 14 case-reports of zoonoses, larva migrans, imported disease and opportunistic infection are presented and discussed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 Yersinia enterocoliticaの膜脂質解析および培養温度変換による適応変化 811 820 EN Sei-ichiro Shibuya The author studied the membrane lipid and fatty acid compositions of Yersinia enterocolitica. Furthermore, the author studied the adaptation of the membrane to changes in culture temperatures, and characterized the physical state of membrane lipid by nylon microcapsule method developed by Okahata and Nagamachi. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin were the main phospholipids of the membrane. The ratio of these phospholipid compositions was not changed by culture temperature. Fatty acids were found to be C(14:0), C(15:0), C(16:0), C(16:1), C(17:0), C(18:0), C(18:1) and cyclopropane C(17:0). The last was identified by gaschromatography-massspectrometry and hydrogenation. In 37°C cultures, saturated fatty acids were increased and unsaturated fatty acids were decreased in comparison with those from 25°C cultures. Cyclopropane C(17:0) was also increased in 37°C cultures. These changes appear to be necessary for maintaining membrane stability at high temperatures. Using NaCI-release from 0.2M NaCI-entrapped nylon microcapsules coated with the membrane lipids as an indicator, it was found that phase transition of lipid membranes from 25°C cultures and 37°C cultures occurred approximately at 30°C and 45°C, respectively. The differences in the phase transition temperature seem to correlate with the adaptive changes in fatty acid composition by culture temperatures. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 気管支喘息に関する研究第2編選択的肺胞気管支造影法による気管支喘息の末梢気道病変の検討 797 810 EN Yukinobu Nakamura In order to investigate changes in the peripheral airway of asthmatics, selective aveolobronchography (SAB) was performed in 33 cases of asthma. SAB findings were studied in respect to the classification of asthma and also examined with results of pulmonary function test, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial lung biopsy. 1. Narrowing of the central airway was observed in almost all cases and 19 cases showed narrowing of the peripheral airways. An uneven appearance of the alveolar figure was observed in 11 cases. 2. Narrowing of the peripheral airway and an uneven appearance of the alveolar figure were often observed in non-atopic patients, in moderate or severe cases and in late-onset asthmatics. 3. The mean value of V(50)/V(25) was increased and the mean value of %V(25) was decreased in patients with narrowing of the peripheral airways and also in patients with uneven appearance of the alveolar figure. 4. An increase of neutrophils was noticed in the BAL fluid of patients with narrowing of the peripheral airways. 5. With histological study by TBLB, infiltration of eosinophils into the alveoli as well as mononuclear cells into alveoli and bronchioli was demonstrated in patients with narrowing of the peripheral airways. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 気管支喘息に関する研究第1編中高年発症型気管支喘息の臨床的検討 791 796 EN Yukinobu Nakamura In order to clarify the immunological characteristics of late onset asthma, 106 cases of asthma in patients over 40 years old were divided into two groups: the early onset asthma group at an age less than 40 years old and the late onset asthma group which was 40 or more years old at onset. The results obtained in each group were compared. 1) Asthma patients with a positive family history or with other allergic diseases in the past history were significantly less in the late onset asthma group compared with the early onset asthma group. 2) An increased eosinophil count in the peripheral blood was observed in both groups with no significant difference. 3) There were more patients with low IgE level (less than 300IU/ml) in the late onset asthma group than in the early onset asthma group. 4) In skin tests to 8 common allergens, the incidence of positive immediate reaction to house dust and aspergillus was low in the late onset asthma group. There was no difference in late or delayed reactions between the two groups. 5) The number of patients with positive serum specific IgE antibody to house dust or mites were few in the late onset asthme group. 6) In the bronchial provocation test with house dust, the proportion of positive response was low in the late onset asthme group. 7) The attack symptoms of asthma were severe and perennial in the late onset asthma group compared with those of the early onset asthma group. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 急性白血病再燃病態並びに再燃予知に関する研究第2編急性白血病における血清IAP値と再燃予知に関する検討 781 789 EN Michihiro Takizawa Serum levels of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in 17 patients with acute leukemia were measured. The patients included 5 with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), 4 with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), 3 with acute monocytic/myelomonocytic leukemia (AMoL/AMMoL), and 5 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Serum IAP levels in untreated acute leukemia patients were higher than those in normal healthy individuals (763.2±321.1 ng/ml vs 389.8±96.7 ng/ml, p<0.05). They tended to decrease to a normal range in complete remission. A correlation was observed between serum IAP levels and the leukemic cell population in the bone marrow (r=0.39, p<0.05). Serum IAP levels increased in febrile patients compared to those in afebrile patients (p<0.05). Patients with more than 500ng/ml of IAP in remission had more risk of relapse in comparison to those with less than 500ng/ml (7 of 10, 70% vs 2 of 15, 13.3%, p<0.05). These results suggest that the measurement of serum IAP is useful for monitoring the leukemic patient. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 急性白血病再燃病態並びに再燃予知に関する研究第1編急性骨髄性白血病における寛解時骨髄細胞構成比と再燃予知に関する検討 771 780 EN Michihiro Takizawa The cellular composition of remission marrow from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) was studied in order to obtain informations for the prediction of relapse. Hematological findings such as (1) Myeloblast 3%, (2) Promyelocyte 12%, (3) Erythroblasts 45% and (4) Erythroblasts 15% were thought to be atypical in remission marrow. Among these atypical finings, the coexsistence of (1) and (3) or (1) and (4) were important in the prediction of relapse. In the first month after the recognition of (1)+(3) or (1)+(4), the cumulative relapse rate was 35% and 50%, respectively. The rates were 71% and 58% by the second month, respectively. The median remission duration of patients treated within two weeks after the recognition of (1) was longer than that of patients treated after two weeks (4.7 months vs 1.5 months, p<0.05). These results indicate that the coexsistence of atypical findings, (1)+(3) or (1)+(4), are important not only in the predicting of the relapse of AML but also to analyze the dyshemopoiesis of preleukemic states or myelodysplastic syndromes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 プロスタグランディンE(1)およびF(2α)の鶏胚骨の骨形成におよぼす影響―アルカリホスファターゼ活性に対する作用― 763 770 EN Shigeki Ueda The effects of prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) and prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α)) on bone formation were investigated with femur and tibia from 10-day chick embryo. When the bones were cultured in serum free medium, PGE(1) (10nM) caused a significant increase of bone alkaline phosphatase activity and a slight increase in bone protein content, whereas PGF(2α) (100nM) significantly decreased the enzyme activity. On the other hand, in a medium containing 20% serum, PGE1 did not affect the enzyme activity at 10nM, but slightly increased the activity at 1nM. No effect of PGE(1) on bone calcium content was observed in a concentration ranging from 0.1nM to 100nM. Thus, PGE1 was likely to stimulate bone formation at 10nM, whereas PGF(2α) supressed formation at 100nM. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 凍結脳損傷における延髄網様体刺激の脳浮腫および頭蓋内圧におよぼす影響 743 762 EN Masamitsu Kawachi The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effects of stimulation of the medullary reticular formation on brain edema and ICP in a cerebral contusion model. The study was divided into two experiments. Experiment 1 (32 cats). The effet of stimulation of the medullary reticular formation on tissue water permeability was assessed using normal brain and cold-induced edema. The cold injury was inflicted by applying a freezing probe of -50°C directly on the dura for 1 minute. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: intermittent electrical stimulation of the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata (P(10), L±(2.5), H(-9.0)) of a normal brain for 40 minutes; Group 2: cold lesion only; Group 3: same procedure as group 1 on cold-induced edema; Group 4: administration of Angiotensin II for 60 minutes. Water contents of the 4 groups were measured by a gravimetric technique from coronal slices across the lesion. Experiment 2 (24 cats). The ICP and local cerebral blood volume (CBV) and blood pressure (BP) were continuously measured during stimulation of the medullary reticular formation in animals with cold-induced edema. The normal water content of the white matter was 67.7±0.9% g water/g tissue. Seventeen hours following cold-induced edema, the water content adjacent to the lesion increased to 71.8% and gradually decreased at areas further from the lesion. There were no significant changes in water content in the contralateral hemisphere. Medullary stimulation of brains with cold-induced edema produced a widespread significant increase in tissue water content in the injured hemisphere by 1.6 to 3.8%. In particular water contents adjacent to the lesion were significantly higher, by 1.3 to 1.8%, than those of group 4 with induced hypertension. In experiment 2, the BP, ICP and CBV increased abruptly immediately after stimulation and the response patterns were divided into 2 groups. In 15 of 24 animals (62%), temporary elevation of the ICP ranging from 10 to 25mmHg was observed during stimulation with a concomitant increase in CBV and BP. In 9 animals (38%), progressive increase in ICP and CBV were produced by stimulation and even after cessation of stimulation, ICP progressively increased up to 60 to 100mmHg. Progressively increased ICPs were evoked with stimulation of the paramedian reticular formation of the medulla oblongata, that is, the region around the nucleus reticularis parvocellularis. Stimulation of the medullary reticular formation accelerated brain water permeability and increased CBV, resulting in acute intracranial hypertension in an injured brain. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 肺における鉄代謝に関する研究第2編肺胞マクロファージのフェリチン合成能に関する電顕学的検討 733 742 EN Kanta Fujiwara In order to clarify the role of alveolar macrophages (alv Mφ) in the iron metabolism of the lung, ultrastructural findings of cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were studied by transmission electron microscopy in rats after inhalation of saccharated iron oxide and welding fumes as well as a patient with welder's lung. Alv Mφ of rats which had inhaled saccharated iron oxide formed phagosomes and secondary lysosomes 4 hours after inhalation. The first day after inhalation, many ferritin particles were seen in cytosol and formed a diffuse patterns; 19% of alv Mφ had ferritin particles in a paracrystalin arrangement in the secondary lysosomes. Electron micrographs of alv Mφ at 3, 6, 14, and 28 days after inhalation showed an increase of the cells with ferritin particles. Alv Mφ of rats which had inhaled welding fumes phagocytized those iron particles and also synthesized ferritin particles in the cytosol and secondary lysosomes 6 days after inhalation. Numerous ferritin particles were seen in the cytosol and secondary lysosomes of alv Mφ from a patient with welder's lung as well. These results suggest that inhaled iron was phagocytized by alv Mφ and stored in the cytosol by binding with apoferritin which was synthesized by the ribosomes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 肺における鉄代謝に関する研究第1編実験的溶接工肺における吸入鉄の代謝について 723 732 EN Kanta Fujiwara In order to clarify the mechanism of elevated iron stores in welder's lungs, the cellular contents of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, the serum iron, total iron binding capacity, liver non-hemin iron and histological findings were examined in experiments using Wister rats exposed to inhalation of welding fumes for 4, 8, Total cell counts, the percentage of neutrophils and iron laden alveolar macrophages in the BAL fluid increased after continuous inhalation, but they were decreased 3 months after inhalation. Serum iron, transferrin saturation, and liver non-hemin iron in rats exposed to inhalation for 8 and 12 weeks were significantly elevated (p<0.01). Iron stores of rats 3 months after inhalation were elevated more than levels 1 week after inhalation. Histological findings in the lung showed a slight thickening of alveolar wall with cellular infiltration. Iron was deposited predominantly in alveolar macrophages of the alveolar space and in connective tissue macrophages. Iron deposition was also seen in the red pulp of the spleen after inhalation. These data suggest that iron was highly stored in the whole body of patients with welder's lung, and that alveolar macrophages play an important role in the iron metabolism of the lung. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 Pusher plate pump varible rate modeによる左心バイパス法の研究―特に，左室局所心筋血流量による検討― 711 721 EN Kazuo Shiotsu Left heart bypass (LHB) was performed in goats with normal ventricles and in those with LV failure. A pneumatic type pusher-plate pump can be operated in fixed rate, synchronous mode variable pulse rate (VR). In this experiment, the pump was operated in VR, that is, the pusher-plete position signal from a hall effect sensor was utilized to regulate the pump stroke at a constant level, but its rate was allowed to vary automatically depending on the preload and afterload. LHB was performed in 12 goats with normal ventricles. Blood was drained from the left atrium and was returned to the descending aorta. Pump flows averaged 61.3% of cardiac output (CO). When bypass was started, CO decreased from 72.5 to 57.2 ml/min/kg (p<0.005), and LV(max dp/dt) decreased from 3943 to 2989 mmHg/sec (p<0.05). Atrial pressure (AP), A-VDO(2), pulmonary atrial pressure (PAP) and TTI did not show significant changes. Regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF), which was measured using the hydogen gas clearance method, decreased from 128 to 85 ml/min/100g (p<0.05). In 12 goats, LV failure was induced by injecting 0.08 ml/kg of 5N NaOH into the LV free wall. The weight ratio of myocardial necrosis to the LV free wall was 22.7%. Pump flows averaged 52.5% of CO. When bypass was started, CO increased from 45.7 to 61.4 (p<0.005). AP increased from 85.2 to 124 (p<0.001), A-VDO(2) decreased from 6.08 to 4.74 vol% (p<0.01) and PAP decreased from 33.2 to 30.3 (p<0.02). LV(max dp/dt) and TTI did not show significant changes. RMBF, which was determined at normal LV free wall, decreased from 98.6 to 76.1 (p<0.05). These data suggest that LHB is more effective in goats with LV failure than in those with normal ventricles in terms of left ventricular and systemic circulatory support. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 ヒト培養肝癌細胞の産生するHBs抗原の精製方法とその物理化学的特性について 687 698 EN Munehiro Oda HBs antigen was purified from the culture fluid of hepatoma huGK-14 cell line and its physico-chemical properties were studied. The purification consists of following steps: concentration of culture fluid by membrane filtration, affinity column chromatography (anti-HBs monoclonal antibody column and anti-human serum albumin antibody column), and ultracentrifugation (isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl density gradient and rate zonal centrifugation on sucrose gradient). Highly purified (purity>99%) HBs antigen was isolated with an overall yield of about 40%. The HBs antigen showed uniform spherical particles (diameter: 23.2±2.9nm) and had a specific gravity of 1.20g/cm3. The purified HBs antigen yielded, in SDS-PAGE (under reducing conditions), four protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 22,000 and 26,000 (the two major bands), and 44,000 and 47,000. The two proteins of molecular weights of 26,000 and 47,000 are likely to be glycosylated, as these were several fold reduced when the cells were cultured in the presence of Tunicamycin. Amino acid analysis, Edman degradation, carboxypeptidase digestion, and ultraviolet absorption spectrum indicated that the HBs antigen from hepatoma cells is very similar to that derived from human plasma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 101 7-8 1989 エンフルレン麻酔の循環動態と血中カテコラミン濃度に関する実験的研究 699 709 EN Hideki Kajiki Effects of enflurane anesthesia were studied on the circulation dynamics and blood catecholamine (CA) concentrations during and after inhalation 2% or 3% enflurane in oxygen in 8 dogs at each concentration. During inhalation, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac index (CI) decreased significantly. After stopping inhalation, the MAP recovered rapidly to the control values, but the CI recovered to only 65% of the control values. Immediately after starting inhalation, blood CA concentrations decreased significantly in both groups. After stopping inhalation, blood adrenaline (AD) concentration increased rapidly to 6 and 5 times as the control values in the 2% and 3% groups, respectively. Blood noradrenaline (NA) concentration increased to 3 times as the control values in both groups. One hundred and twenty min after starting inhalation, the dogs did not respond to painful stimulation even in the 2% group. In this study, it has been suggested that the circulation dynamics are suppresed when enflurane has reached more than 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and that the centripetal impulse is thoroughly blocked and CA secretion from the adrenal grand is inhabited at 0.7 MAC of enflurane. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 第111回岡山外科会 1024 1032 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 第110回岡山外科会 1016 1023 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 第109回岡山外科会 1007 1015 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 白アリ防除剤に関する実験的研究第2編クロルピリホスのラットにおけるコリンエステラーゼ活性におよぼす影響 997 1005 EN Ritsue Sakai Inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity was examined by experiments on enzyme activity of ChE of rat administered intraperitoneally chlorpyrifos and enzyme kinetic study of ChE in plasma. Plasma ChE activity was inhibited more highly than erythrocyte ChE activity in rat 12 hrs after administration. Plasma ChE activity was recovered 1 month after administration but erythrocyte ChE activity was not recovered. No difference between frontal cortex and striatum ChE activity was recognized. Changes in brain ChE activity was similar to those in erythrocyte ChE activity. PAM affected the inhibition of ChE activity by chlorpyrifos on 3 hrs after administration but other ChE activities were not. Uncompetitive inhibition between chlorpyrifos and ChE was proved by Lineweaver-Burk plots. Inhibition of ChE isoenzyme was found on bands 4 and 7 by electrophoresis. These results suggest that plasma ChE was effective for exposure monitoring and erythrocyte ChE was effective for effect monitoring. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 白アリ防除剤に関する実験的研究第1編有機リン系薬剤およびクロロナフタリン系薬剤のラット肝ミトコンドリアの酸化的リン酸化に対する作用について 989 996 EN Ritsue Sakai The effect of organic phosphates and chloronaphthalenes, which are used in new pesticides on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the rat liver was examined. Chlorpyrifos and phoxim decreased State 3 respiration in a dose-dependent manner, but pyridaphenthion, α-and β-chloronaphthalene had only a slight effect. Degree of their effect in the order of chlorpyrifos > phoxim > β-chloronaphthalene > α-chloronaphthalene > pyridaphenthion. Chlorpyrifos, pyridaphenthion, α-and β-chloronaphthalene affected on the State 4 respiration, but phoxim did not. Consequently, they lowered the respiratory control index and the effect being in the order of chlorpyrifos > β-chloronaphthalene > phoxim > α-chloronaphthalene > pyridaphenthion. All the compounds tested stimulated latent ATPase activities, but DNP - stimulated ATPase activities were not affected by these compounds. Their effect on latent ATPase activities were in the descending order of chlorpyrifos > phoxim, β-chloronaphthalene > α chloronaphthalene > pyridaphenthion. These findings suggest that chlorypyrifos, pyridaphenthion, phoxim, α-chloronaphthalene and β-chloronaphthalene impede mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 脳腫瘍における乳酸脱水素酵素アイソザイムに関する研究 973 988 EN Yutaka Shimamura The changes in isozyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and calculated ratios of heart muscle type (H)/skeletal muscle type (M) were studied by thin layer acrylamide gel electrophoresis in 65 tissue extracts from 9 human benign astrocytomas, 13 malignant astrocytomas, 3 medulloblastomas, 3 metastatic brain tumors, 19 meningiomas, 9 neurinomas, 5 pituitary adenomas, and 4 other tumors. The isozyme patterns were compared to those obtained from three normal human brain tissues. The average of H/M ratios of normal brain tissues was 1.51±0.03. Benign astrocytomas showed H/M ratios above 1.4 with their average of 2.4±0.7. Malignant astrocytomas showed H/M ratio below 0.9 with their average of 0.58±0.15. There was a decrease in the H/M ratio with increasing the degree of de-differentiation of all gliomas studied. Three medulloblastomas and three metastatic tumors also showed cathodal shifts of LDH isozymes. No characteristic pattern of LDH isozymes was seen in meningiomas, neurinomas, and pituitary adenomas. Analysis of LDH isozyme patterns of the tumors was found to be useful in the estimation of the degree of biological malignancy of gliomas. In four astrocytomas (2 benign and 2 malignant astrocytomas), a supernumerary band of LDH which migrated cathodic to LDH-2 was observed. This extra band was exclusively found in gliomas but not observed in other kinds of tumors. This extra band of LDH might be related with the de-differentiation of glial cells. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 高カロリー輸液における脂肪の配合比の研究―脂肪の燃焼率からみたエネルギー代謝の検討― 961 972 EN Osamu Ishikawa To investigate the efficacy of intravenous fat emulsion for total parenteral nutrition (TPN), oxidation of fat was evaluated using (14)C labeled nutrients in rats. Animals were divided into five group depending the content of fat emulsion of TPN e. i. 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. Oxidation rate of intravenous glucose was unaffected by content of fat emulsion. Cumulative (14)CO(2) production for 7 hours was about 62% in all groups. On the other hand, the oxidation rate of intravenous fat emulsion was suppressed by increased glucose content. There was a negative linear relationship between oxidation rate of intravenous fat and glucose intake (r=-0.92, p<0.01). The oxidation rate of intravenous fat was increased proportionaly to fat intake and not completely suppressed when fat-free TPN was provided. Percentage of energy to be infused as fat should be about 20%. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 非特異的増殖性肉芽性炎症巣における脂質代謝に関する研究第2編各リン脂質分画への高度不飽和脂肪酸の取り込みおよび抗炎症薬の脂質動態に対する影響 949 959 EN Ikuo Horii Fatty acid dynamics in phospholipids and incorporation of radio-labelled fatty acids into phospholipid fractions were examined, using granulation tissue induced by the implantation of formalin-soaked filter paper in rats. The effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on lipid dynamics were also studied. Concomitant with the progress of granulomatous inflammation, an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly 20:4 (ω-6)) content of phospholipids was observed. Differing from saturated fatty acids, labelled polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:3 (ω-6), 20:4 (ω-6) and 20:5 (ω-3)) were easily incorporated in vivo into phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine in addition to phosphatidylcholine of granulation tissue. Indomethacin, tenoxicam and dexamethasone administered p. o. inhibited the granuloma formation. Indomethacin and tenoxicam had no marked effect on the tissue lipid composition. However, in dexamethasonetreated rats, tissue lipids were almost exclusively composed of triglycerides. Indomethacin and tenoxicam slightly decreased the percentages of 18:2 (ω-6) and 20:4 (ω-6) in phospholipid fractions. Thus, polyunsaturated fatty acids released by lipolysis from fat cells accumulated in local inflammatory tissue in the early stage may be transferred into membrane phospholipids of inflammatory cells of later stage of inflammation and influence their functions. Antiinflammatory drugs may cause functional changes in cells accumulated in granulation tissue by changing the fatty acid components of the phospholipids. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 非特異的増殖性肉芽性炎症巣における脂質代謝に関する研究第1編脂質組成およびその構成脂肪酸の変動 931 947 EN Ikuo Horii Granulomatous inflammation was induced in rats by subcutaneous implantation of formalin-soaked filter paper and lipid classes in inflammatory tissue were investigated. An increase in triglyceride content was observed in parallel with the formation of adipose tissue in the early stage of inflammation. In the stage of growth of granulomatous tissue, phospholipids increased with the gradual decrease in triglyceride content. In the early stage of granulomatous tissue formation, triglycerides contained mainly saturated fatty acid (16:0) and unsaturated fatty acids (18:1 (ω-9), 18:2 (ω-6) and 18:3 (ω-3)). Phospholipids in the growing stage of granulomas contained mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:4 (ω-6) and 22:4 (ω-6)). Rapid and selective in vitro and in vivo incorporation of radio-labelled unsaturated fatty acids (20:3 (ω-6), 20:4 (ω-6), 20:5 (ω-3)) into phospholipids was observed in granulomatous tissue. These results suggested that fatty acids released by lipolytic degradation of triglycerides in adipose tissue in the early stage of granulomatous inflammation are converted into phospholipids in cells accumulating in maturing granulation tissues, and also that these dynamic changes in lipid metabolism play important roles in the progress of inflammatory processes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 輸血療法の適正化，即ち Type and Screen と自己血輸血の導入にむけての当院における輸血検査の再評価 921 929 EN Hisatomo Hayashi Hiroaki Ogoh Toshiyuki Watanabe Chieko Matsunaga Between April 1984 and March 1989, anti-erythrocyte irregular antibodies (Abs) were detected in 329 (4.0%) of 8, 208 patients by a screening test using saline, bromelin and Coombs' methods. Most of them were anti-P(1), Lewis, M, Rh-D, -E, and -c Abs. Of the detected Abs, 174 were reactive at 37°C, with 79 Abs (45.4%), 131 Abs (75.3%) and 150 Abs (86.2%) being detected by the saline, bromelin and Coombs' methods, respectively. Our Ab screening test was found to be 99.99 per cent effective in preventing the transfusion of incompatible blood. We also examined blood utilization during surgery for 28 different types of elective operation in 1976 patients. By analysis of the results of this examination, it was possible to decide on preoperative crossmatch guidelines, i.e. a maximum surgical blood order schedule, for 9 operations in abdominal surgery, 2 in lung surgery, 5 in cardiac surgery, 2 in neurosurgery, 2 in orthopedic surgery and 1 in gynecologic surgery. Arrangements for blood transfusion were unnecessary for cholecystectomy and 6 other operations, but the introduction of “type and screen” appears to be the best way to avoid an urgent order from the surgeon and for improvement in blood availability. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 アレルギー性肺疾患における末梢気道領域の免疫応答に関する研究第2編気管支喘息における末梢気道肺胞領域の免疫組織学的検討 911 920 EN Kimitaka Ozaki The distribution of immunoglobulin containing cells and interstitial deposition of immunoglobulins and complement were observed aroud small airway areas of bronchial asthmatics. Transbronchial lung biopsy was performed to obtain peripheral lung tissues of bronchial asthmatics in non-attack stage. The peroxidase antiperoxidase technique was applied to detect IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE antibodies and C(1)q using routinely processed paraffin sections. The proportion of IgA containing cells was lower in the peripheral airway of bronchial asthmatics than in normal peripheral lungs. In atopic asthmatics, the proportion of IgE containing cells was higher than that in non-atopic asthmatics and normal controls. In non-atopic asthmatics, the proportion of IgG containing cells was higher than that in atopic asthmatics and normal controls. In non-atopic asthmatics, interstitial depositon of IgG antibody to alveolar septa and bronchiolar mucosa was characteristic. These findings suggest that the IgG antibody plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non-atopic asthma, whereas the IgE antibody is involved in atopic asthma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 アレルギー性肺疾患における末梢気道領域の免疫応答に関する研究第1編間質性肺疾患における末梢気道肺胞領域の免疫組織学的検討 899 909 EN Kimitaka Ozaki To clarify the immunological characteristics of small airway areas, an unlabelled antibody peroxidase method for the detection of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE & complement (C(1)q) was applied to human peripheral lung tissues from patients with or without immunological respiratory diseases. Normal lung tissues were obtained from 8 surgically resected lungs with primary carcinoma. In normal peripheral lungs, immunoglobulin containing cells were mainly distributed around the bronchiolar mucosa, but were sometimes found in alveolar septa. IgA containing cells were most numerous (mean 64.6%), followed by IgG containing cells (mean 20.1%) and IgM containing cells (mean 13.7%). IgE containing cells were virtually absent from small airway areas. No interstitial deposition of immuoglobulins or complement was detected in normal peripheral lung tissues. In peripheral lungs with interstitial lung diseases, immunoglobulin containing cells were generally increased in number compared with normal lungs. Among them, IgG containing cells were dominant especially in interstitial pneumonia cases. In peripheral interstitium, various immune depositions were observed. Marked IgG and C(1)q deposits were seen in thickened septa of interstitial pneumonia and around granulomas of sarcoidosis, suggesting a relation between immune complex and these diseases. In diffuse panbronchiolitis, there were many IgG containing cells around the bronchiolar area. These findings indicate that the IgA antibody was dominant in the immunological defence mechanism of the normal peripheral lung, whereas IgG antibody and complement as well as IgA antibody were important in immuological respiratory diseases. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 血清蛋白およびヘマトクリット値の変化が吸入麻酔薬のMinimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) に与える影響に関する実験的研究 885 898 EN Fumio Tuji The effects of serum protein concentration (SPC) on serum protein/gas partition coefficient and of hematocrit ratio (HT) on red cell/gas partition coefficient during halothane, enflurane or isoflurane anesthesia were examined in dogs. Furthermore, their effects on Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) of the three anesthetics were also studied. Serum protein/gas partition coefficient and red cell/gas partition coefficient were significantly changed by the alteration of SPC and HT, respectively, in vitro. Concentrations of these anesthetics in blood at 1 MAC were only related to SPC in vivo. This suggeste that the solubility of inhalation anesthetics may be influenced by the composition of red cells and serum protein. In vivo, as SPC increased, MAC of these anesthetics increased linearly (p<0.01). MAC of enflurane was affected most by SPC and followed by that of isoflurane. MAC of halothane and enflurane was not affected by HT, but that of isoflurane increased linearly (p<0.01) as the HT increased. This suggested that the protein concentration difference between brain tissue and serum alters the action of the anesthetics and that HT alone alters the action of isoflurane only. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 透析療法における抗凝固剤の生体適合性 873 883 EN Kazan Yoshikata To reduce the side effects during hemodialysis treatment, we used FUT-175 (FUT), which has anticomplementary activity as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis. On 9 dialysis patients and 8 domestic rabbits, we used heparin or FUT as an anticoagulant during dialysis and studied their effects on anticoagulant action, white blood cell count, complement activity and lipid metabolism. FUT exerted a stronger local anticoagulant action than heparin. Although FUT did not suppress hemodialysis leukopenia, it suppressed complement activity. FUT suppressed the decrease in triglyceride and the increase in free fatty acids observed during heparin administration. In conclusion, FUT could be an anticoagulant superior to heparin. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 脳底部異常血管網症(モヤモヤ病)の本邦人症例の研究―小児TIA例を中心にして― 851 871 EN Hideaki Onbe The clinical and angiographic findings in cases of juvenile Moyamoya disease were reviewed and functional images of cerebral perfusion were observed to clarify the mechanism of transient ischemic attack (TIA) which is the characteristic symptom of this disease. A total of fifty two patients with Moyamoya disease were seen in our hospital between 1963 and 1980. Twenty seven were pediatric patients and twenty five were adults. TIA was observed in nineteen of the twenty seven pediatric cases. In thirteen of these nineteen children, TIA was precipitated by physical exercise or emotional upsets such as running, crying or hyperventilation during EEG recording. Angiograms revealed no correlations among the clinical symptoms, the development of the cerebral basal rete, and the degree of the stenosis of the carotid artery. However, the arterial vascularity of the Sylvian group was reduced on the side related to TIA. In seven of the pediatric patients with TIA, cerebral perfusion images were observed during continuous intracarotid infusion of the solution of Kr-81m. The patients were hyperventilated under infusion of the tracer and the changes in cerebral perfusion were detected by a gamma camera. Prolonged and marked reduction of cerebral perfusion was observed in the fronto-pareital convexity region during and after hyperventilation in six of seven patients. This prolonged reduction of perfusion in the fronto-parietal region seems to be responsible for TIA which often occurred following hyperventilation or strenuous exercise. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 著明な低カリウム血性ミオパチーをきたした原発性アルドステロン症の一例 843 849 EN Yuko Ohtani Tadashi Yoshino Tadaatsu Akagi Takashi Kitagawa We report a rare case of primary aldosteronism with severe hypokalemic myopathy in a 59-year-old female who had suffered from hypertension since 1979. Because of severe muscle weakness, especially of extremities, she became unable to rise from her bed and was admitted to the Kitagawa hospital on July 10, 1989. Symptoms such as tetany, polyuria, and diarrhea were not observed. Her consciousness was clear. The blood pressure was in the range of 152 mmHg systolic and 104 mmHg diastolic. Systolic heart murmur (Levine II), cardiac arrythmia, and slight edema on the legs were noticed. She did not have any sign of muscular atrophy. Serum aldosteron level was 220 pg/ml, and plasma renin concentration was less than 0.5 ng/ml/h. The serum level of potassium was 1.7 mEq/l, sodium 150 mEq/l, GOT 47 IU/l, LDH 507 IU/l, CPK 850 IU/l (MM type 99%), and aldolase 9.2 mIU/ml. Computed tomography (CT) after intravenous contrast injection revealed a round low density mass (1.6 cm in diameter) in her left adrenal gland. CT also revealed the gallbladder adenomyomatosis. Her left adrenal gland and gallbladder were surgically removed on July 26, 1989. After the operation, the blood pressure and laboratory data including serum potassium returned to normal, and she became able to pursue her ordinary life. Endoscopy revealed a gastric polyp which was hyperplastic. Histopathologically the removed adrenal gland showed an adrenocortical adenoma consisted of clear cells and nodular hyperplasia of the glomerular zone. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 人工弁置換後の抗血栓療法の研究―とくに血小板凝集抑制剤の効果について― 831 841 EN Masayoshi Kojo To evaluate the effect of antithrombotic therapy, serial changes in platelet aggregability were investigated in 103 patients who had received heart valve replacement. All patients received warfarin and were divided into three groups: warfarin alone (control), and combined with trapidil and dipyridamole. Both antithrombogenic drugs were given at a dose of 300 mg/day. Platelet count and aggregation were evaluated out every three months for 36 months. Antiplatelet drugs had no affect on the platelet count during the course. The platelet aggregation did not change in the control group, but were decreased at 24 and 30 months in the trapidil group and 24 months in the dipyridamole group. The platelet aggregation was significantly suppressed by trapidil compared to the control at 30 months. The incidence of thromboembolism in control, trapidil and dipyridamole groups was 9.0%, 4.3% and 7.7% respectively. These results indicate that anti-platelet drugs given with warfarin are safe and effective for patients with a prosthetic valve to prevent thromboembolism. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 ラット慢性血清病腎炎発症後の免疫病理学的検討 819 830 EN Keizo Komoda The kinetics of immune complexes, the immune deposits and glomerular changes were studied in nephrotic rats. Chronic serum sickness was induced in rats and examined for 80 weeks, injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) having been stopped at the 13th week. The amount of ciculating immune complexes (CIC) was significantly lower in nephrotic rats than in non-nephrotic rats at the 13th week. To study the short-term kinetics of CIC, 2 mg of BSA was administered intravenously to both groups of rats at the 13th weeek and serum CIC were tested for 24 hrs. Injection of BSA was followed by an acute rise in the titer, which disappeared more rapidly in nephrotic than non-nephrotic rats (12% vs 45% of peak CIC level, 24 hrs after injection). The kinetics of CIC after the injection of 125I·BSA was also studied. The 125I·BSA level, 24 hrs after injection in a nephrotic rat was 8% in blood and 68% in urine. CIC titer seemed to be lowered rapidly due to urinary losses. Histologically, light microscopic changes mainly involved irregularity, thickening and disruption of glomerular basement membrane (GBM). By the 80th week, all changes had resolved apart from persistent GBM thickening. By electron microscopy, subepithelial deposits had been decreased in number after the stoppage of injection of BSA and some of the subepithelial deposits had been completely resolved and some had been covered by a layer of lamina densa-like material and transformed into intramembranous deposits. Deposits had been lucent peripherally and became lucent completely at the 60th week. Subepithelial deposits disappeared after 80 weeks from the GBM. By immunofluorescent staining, BSA decreased in intensity and became negative by the 15th week. Similarly C3 became negative by the 20th week but rat IgG persisted until the 45th week. The presense of lucent deposits correlated with the loss of biological activity as detected by immunofluorescence. Thus the resolution of immune deposits in this model conformed to previously described changes in resolving human membranous nephropathy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 102 7-8 1990 ラット慢性血清病腎炎発症における免疫複合体の動態 807 817 EN Keizo Komoda To study the mechanism of the induction of nephritis, chronic serum sickness (CSS) was induced in Fisher rats and the kinetics of immune complex formation and immunohistological glomerular alterations were studied up to the 13th week following pre-immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Serum circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detectable in high titer from the 8th week (intravenous stage). After immunization with BSA, serum anti-BSA antibodies increased gradually and remained high in titer even after injection of BSA. At the 9th week, BSA, IgG and C3 were detectable transiently by immunofluorescence in glomerular capillary lumens. Light and electron microscopic findings were normal. At the 12th week, BSA, IgG and C3 were observed by immunofluorescence in glomerular basement membrane and increased in intensity with time. Urinary protein excretion was detected at the 11th week and the amount excreted increased with time. In conclusion, the change in antibody titer and CIC level indicated a smaller amount of antigens than antibodies during the induction of nephritis and CIC seemed to be formed in antibody excess. In addition, there was a time-lag of several weeks between the onset of nephritis (the onset of proteinuria and the deposition of IC in a glomerulus) and the rise of the CIC titer. The continuation of the high CIC titer and the saturation of the reticuloendothelial system seemed to be necessary to induce CSS nephritis in rats. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学温泉研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0369-7142 19 1957 花崗岩に関する諸問題　（3）　広島･島根県下花崗岩類の時代に関する資料 7 8 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学温泉研究所 Acta Medica Okayama 0369-7142 41 1972 CO(2)-H(2)O交換法による水の酸素同位体比の測定における試料水のpHの影響 1 2 EN Osamu Matsubaya 10.18926/40148 The effect of pH of water on the measurement of oxygen isotopic ratio by means of CO(2)-H(2)O isotopic exchange technique was studied. In this study, a new type of reaction vessel was used (Fig. 1). The reaction time for equilibration using this new reaction vessel was nearly equal to that in the previous study (Fig. 2). The oxygen isotopic ratios of each two samples of pH 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were measured. There is no significant difference between the observed δ(18)O values of these samples (Table 1). Therefore it is concluded that the effect of pH of water needs not to be taken into account on the measurement of oxygen isotopic ratio by means of CO(2)-H(2)O isotopic exchange technique. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 8 4 1954 Parasitic Worms from Celebes. Part 8. Acanthocephala 406 414 EN Satyu Yamaguti Article 10.18926/AMO/31862 Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1879 1. Acanthocephalus bufonis (Shipley, 1903) Rhadinorhynchidae Travassos, 1923 2. Rhadinorhynchus celebesensis n. sp. 3. Filisoma indicum van Cleave, 1928 Quadrigyridae van Cleave, 1920 4. Pallisentis gaboes (MacCallum, 1918) van Cleave. 1928 Gigantorhynchidae Hamann, 1892 5. Empodius sp. Neoechinorhynchidae Hamann, 1892 6. Neoechinorhynchus longilemniscus n. sp. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Medizinische Universitat Okayama Acta Medica Okayama 3 1 1932 The Fusion of the Cardiac Anlages in the Duck, Anas. 61 91 EN Toyota Yoshida Article 10.18926/AMO/30642 Blood-cells: extraembryonically it is found in very early stages, but it first appears in the heart, in the 13 - 14 somite stage. Pericardial cavity: the first sign of its appearance is indicated in the 2 somite stage. It commences simultaneously in the multiple foci, and thus formed intramesodermal spaces become confluent to form a single pericardial cavity. Angioblast: it is derived from the cardiogenic plate, and first appears in an embryo with 3 somites. It is fundamentally bilateral in origin, and at very early stage are the two sides anastomosed with each other in the cranial region. Myocardium: it is formed from paired cardiogenic folds. There can not be noted any distinct demarcation on the surface of the myocardial tubes before they are fused together. The folds are first fused at the middle part in the 7 - 8 somite stage, and the fusion is completed in the 12 somite stage. Mesocardium: the ventral mesocardium first appears in the embryo having 6 - 7 somites, and ruptures at its middle part in the 8 - 9 somite stage. Its remnant is observed in still later stages, namely, we can find it in an embryo with 12 somites. The dorsal mesocardium formes between the 9 and 10 somite stages, and rupture between the 15 and 18 somite stages. Endocardium: it is formed from angioblasts. It has the endothelial character in the 5 - 6 somite stages, and the paired tubes are derived from it in the 9 somite stage. The endothelial tubes unite in the bulbar and the ventricular region. From the network of angioblasts which are spread at the cranial portion of the embryonic shield from which a pair of aortic arches are derived. In the bulbar region, the right endothelial tube markedly exceeds in caliber that of the left side. The latter atrophies and disappears, and the former makes the genuine bulbus cordis. Caudally, on the contrary, the left tube exceeds that of the right and the former is situated sinistro-ventrally to the latter. In the 13 - 14 somite stages the fusion of the paired tubes is almost completed, and the ventricle and atrium may be distinguished by the atrioventricular constriction. In closing, I wish to express my cordial thanks to Prof. Dr. J. Shikinami for his kind criticism and advice. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Medizinische Universitat Okayama Acta Medica Okayama 2 3 1931 Zur Morphologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Pankreasanlage von Uroloncha domestica Flower 336 356 EN Takashi Murayama Article 10.18926/AMO/30597 Uber die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Voegelpankreas liegen seit langem viele Untersuchungen vor ; in meiner neulich publizierten Abhandlung uber die Haustauben habe ich hieruber aufs eingehendste berichtet. In dem voritgen Kapitel habe ich an Hand von Wachsmodellen die Morphogenese und Entwicklungsegeschichte des Pankreas stadienweise an einem in Japan einheimischen Vogel, Uroloncha domestica Flower, in allen Einzelheiten betrachtet. Somit habe ich nunmehr die hauptsaichlichsten Resultate der vorliegenden Untersuchung zusammenzufassen und mit den bei der Haustaube erzielten Befunden zu vergleichen. Wenn meine Untersuchungen auch nur zwei, aber im merhin typische Vogelgattungen urnfassen, so vermogen sie dennoch neues Licht auf die Entwicklung der Anlagen des Vogelpankreas und ihr Verhaltnis zu den benachbarten Organen zu werfen. Die erste Anlage des dorsalen Pankreas bei den Vogeln wird von den einzelnen Autoren verschieden beschrieben. Das jungste Stadiun der dorsalen Pankreasanlage bei meinen Tieren stammt von einem Embryo mit 28 Ursetgmenten (Stadium 3). Die erste dorsale Pankreas anlage tritt in diesem Stadium als eine charakteristische umschriebene Wucherung des primitiven Epithels der dorsalen Daunrinne auf. Die Abgrenzungo der eigentlichen dors.alen Pankreasanlage vom ubrigen Entoderm ist, besonders in diesem juntgsten Entwicklungsstadium, nicht ganz leicht. Die Oberflache der Anlage ist etwas uneben, aber die Niveauunterschiede sind gering. An den Haustauben finde ich die erste dorsale Pankreasanlage bei einem Embryo mit 26 Ursegmenten, und ihr erster Erscheinungszustand ist fast der t:gleiche. So stimmt mein Befund in Bczug auf Ort und Stadium des ersten Auftretens des dorsalen Pankreas unogefahr mit dem von mir bei den Haustauben gemachten uberein. Ein tuberblick tuber die Literatur zeigot uns, wie wenig wir uber das erste Auftreten und die ersten Umbilclungasvorgange der ventralen Pankreasanlagen wissen. Es war daher fur mich interessant, diese Frage einegehend zu verfolgen und dabei einige neue Tatsachen zu finden, die fur die Entwicklungsgeschichte der ventralen Pankreasanlagen der Vogel von grosser Bedeutung zu sein scheinen. Die wirklich ersten Entwicklun:gsstadien der ventralen Pankreasanlagen finde ich bei meinen Tieren zu einer Zeit, wo sich bei ihnen das 29. -31. Paar von Ursegmenten entwickelt. Niemals treten die rechte und die linke Anlage gleichzeitig auf, sondern stets ist. eine alter als die andere, manchrnal ist es die linke, manchmal die rechte. Auch kommt es vor, dass bei jtingeren Embryonen die ventralen Pankreasanlagen weiter entwickelt sind als bei alteren Embryonen. Bei einem Ernbryo mit 30 das eine Andeutung von der Bildung kleinster divertikelartiger Ausstulpungen gibt, Bei den Haust,auben fand ich die erste ventrale Pankreasanlage an einem Embryo mit 35 Ursegmenten schon als kleinste clivertikelartitge Ausstulpungen von den Seitenwanden des primitiven Duodenums, da die Dottervenen dem Darrnepithel am nachsten liegen. Bei den Vogeln blieb die Fraoge nach dem Vorhandensein zweier ventraler Pankrease bis auf die junboste Zeit, unentschieden ; die kurzlich erschienene Arbeit von Brouha machte das Vorhandensein zweier ventraler Pankrease beim Hiihnchen nur wabrscheinlich ; sicher bewies dann erst Choronshitzky diese Tatsache. Bei den Haustauben wurde von mir schon die Einheit bestimmt,. Und auch hier stellte ich gleichmassing bei meinen Tleren das Vorhandensein zweier ventraler Pankrease fest,. Die dorsale Pankreasanlage tritt im Stadium 5 (Embryo mit 30 Ursegment,en) zum ersten Male als eine wirkliche, rinnenformige Ausstulpung der dorsalen Darmrinne hervor. Das nachstaltere Stadium (Stadium 6) der ventralen Pankreasanlatge finden wir bei einem Embryo mit 31 Ursegmenten. Zwei kleine, fertige Divertikel sind schon verhaltnismassig leicht als eine solche zu erkennen und abzugrenzen. Die linke ventrale Anlaoge ist etwas mehr kranialwarts gelegt als die rechte, und die Neigung der linken, sich kaudalwarts, der rechten, sich kranialwarts zu entwickeln, wird in den nachsten Stadien 7, 8, und 9 immer auffallender. Bei den Haustauben fan ich aber diese Neitguntg nicht, sodern sah beide ventralen Anlatgen sich mit der Drehun g des Duodenums kranialwarts entwickeln. Dieser Unterschied ist von grosser Bedeutuntg fur die weitere.Fortentwicklung der ventralen Pankreasanlagen. Die dorsale Pankreasanlage in den Stadien 8 und 9 entwickelt sich gut, und ich konnte den knolligen primitiven Drusenkorper, den primitiven Ausfuhrungsgang und Zwischenstucke unterscheiclen. Gleichzeitig be merkte ich zwischen beiden ventralen Anlaogen die Gallenblase in voller Entwicklung. Au den ausogewachsenen Haustauben fehlt die Gallen blase nur bis zu der Zeit, wo die kauclale Leberanlage bemerkt wird. Bei meinen Tieren geht ein Leberganog direkt zum Duodenum, wahrend der andere Lebergang als Ductus hepato-cysticus in die Gallenblase mtindet, die selbst wiecler durch den Ductus choledocus in das Duode num fuhrt. Den nachst.folgenden Entwicklungszustand der ventralen Pankreasanlagen finde ich bei den Stadien 10 und 11. Die schon, wie im vorigen Kapitel erwahut, deutlich ausgesprochene Abschnuruntg von der Darmwand ist noch weiter vortgeschritten und hat den Wurzelteil der Anlage vollkommen von der Darmwand getrennt. Daher konnte ich den primitiven Drtisenkorper und den primitiven Ausfuhrungsgang unter scheiden. Beide Offnuntgen liegen in der Tiefe einer gerneinsamen, zwischen dem primitiven Duodeuum und dem primitiven Choledocus gelegenen Grube. Die Drusenkorper der beiden ventralen Pankreasanlagen entwickeln sich, besonders die rechten, dorsalwarts auffallend und nahern sich den dorsalen Pankreasanlagen. Die dorsale Anlage wachst auch in diesen Stadien dorsokaudalwarts und zeigt deutliche Drtisenschlauche. Ich beobachte hier auch eine Verkleinerung der Verbindungsbrucke zwischen Darm und dorsalem Pankreas. Die dor sale und die rechte ventrale Pankreasanlage sind im nachsten Staclium 12 miteinander vollstandig verschmolzen, und auch die linke ventrale Anlage nahert sich ihnen dicht. Zur Zeit der Vereinigung der dorsalen mit der rechten ventralen Anlage zeigt sich eine immer deutlicher werdende Abschnurung der Pankreasanlage, wo der Ausftihrungsgang mit, dem Darme zusammenhangt. Bei den Haustauben fand ich die dorsale Pankreasanlage mit der ventralen Anlage zuerst vereiniegt am Embryo von 6.5 mm Scheitel-Steiss-Laloge, und dann beide vollstandig verschrnolzen am Embryo von 12.0mm Scheitel-Steiss-Lange. Die weitere Entwicklung der Pankreasanlagen soll aber nicht Gegenstand dieser Abhandluntg sein. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山実験動物研究会 Acta Medica Okayama 4 1986 飼育器具機材の発展史 7 8 EN Zenichi Sato No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学環境管理センター Acta Medica Okayama 0917-1533 17 1995 環境管理・環境監査とエコテクノロジー 7 8 EN Takashi Korenaga No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 100 7-8 1988 日本学術会議地域医学研究連絡委員会第2回シンポジウム［地域医学の将来展望］ 835 842 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 71 2-1 1959 ヒト胎便中に含有する特異蛋白の血清免疫学的研究 555 565 EN Yoshinori Miyoshi Author intended the sero-immunologic studies of human meconium as the series of studies concerning fetal serum, placenta and so on, and then obtained the results as follows; 1) When rabbits are injected repeatedly with the extract of human meconium, the antiserum can be obtained high titer precipitin reaction on human serum. 2) Researching production of precipitin about rabbit's serum immunized with human meconium of the 7, 8, 9 and 10th pregnant months separatedly, author cannot find striking differences on antigenity in each months. 3) Rabbit's serum immunized with human meconium has very strong species specifity. 4) In human meconium exist specific protein fractions which are not contained in the adult human serum and these fractions are considered to coincide with those exist in the fetal serum and there were very small quantities. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 76 10 1964 C58マウス白血病の研究第Ⅰ編正常マウス，自然発生白血病及び移植白血病の血液学的組織学的研究並びに白血病ウイルスの電顕的研究 587 605 EN Shinya Suzuki Hematological and cytological studies, including peripheral blood counting, blood picture, myelogram, impressed preparation of spleen and lymph node, and phase contrast microscopic and electron microscopic observations of leukemic cells were performed on the high leukemic strain C58 mice. In the present observation, 61.4% of C58 mice developed leukemia spontaneously after the latent periods varing from 4 to 19 months. In non-leukemic mice, blood counting, peripheral-blood picture and myelogram did not show any significant change throughout the each age groups, but lymphocyt/neutrophile ratio decreased gradually after the age of 6 month. Old mice above 12 months of age showed a slight hypochromic anemia and relative neutrophilia. Most of the spontaneous leukemia occurred after the age of 6 month and 61.4% of them occurred between the age of 12 and 16 month. All of the spontaneous leukemias observed in this strain were lymphatic type. White cell count ranged from 4,500 to 225,000, averaging 109,600 with 47.2% lymphoblasts in average. Marked anemia and thrombocytopenia were present. Myelograms showed slight or moderate lymphoblastic infiltrations, but impressed preparation of spleen and lymph node always contained lymphoblasts over 90%. Morphological characteristics of the lymphoblast observed in spontaneous leukemia were narrow basophilic cytoplasm, large nucleus with a few deep indentations, coarse chromatin net work and nucleoles of vague chromatin borders. Phase contrast microscopy of lymphoblast showed nucleal indentations clearly and bright cytoplasm with a few rod-shaped mitocondrias in the Golgi area. Electron microscopic observations of lymphoblast also revealed the characteristic indentations of the nucleus. Spontaneous leukemia could be transplanted easely to the adult C58 mice by cell graft. A transplanted line named OHS-LL, No 1 is being maintained serially up to present. Serially transplanted leukemia mice often showed remarkable myeloid reaction and died after 7-8 days after cell graft. Blastic cells became to show atypical form suggesting of much more primitive and malignant character than that of the original leukemia by serial transplantations. Electron microscopic observations of lymph node and spleen of spontaneous leukemia revealed the presence of numerous virus particles located extracellularly. These particles were morphlolgically identical with the C particle observed in various other leukemic mice. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 ジステンパーウイルス感染培養細胞の有絲分裂像について 875 880 EN Jutaro Tawara The present paper will report about the mitotic phases of the cells infected with canine distemper virus. Namely, FL cells and MDCK cells which have formed inclusion bodies after inoculation of canine distemper virus showed normal mitosis and inclusion bodies were transfered to the dauther cells. Mitosis was observed only in the monounclear cells and not in the multinucleated giant cells infected with this virus. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 憂うつ病の身体症状内分泌を中心として 867 873 EN Mutsutoshi Kohsaka Takashi Nagao Shigeru Kikui 1) 憂うつ病の身体的徴候を特に内分泌所見を中心として考察した. 2) 憂うつ状態では尿の17-KS分劃が減少し,血清の17-OHCS分劃の増加が見られる.憂うつ症にTestosterone系のものを与えると症状が改善したり,又ACTH注射やCortisol投与で悪化する事実から,憂うつ状態の成立には性腺系ホルモンの減少が関係していると考えられる. 3) 憂うつ病になる者には性腺系ホルモン代謝に潜在的な弱点があるのではなかろうかと思われる. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 Adenovirus 12型に関する研究第Ⅲ編年令別ハムスターに於ける Adenovirus 12型の増殖性について 861 865 EN Kozo Fujita Since the discovery that adenovirus type 12 inoculated into newborn hamsters develop tumor in a high percentage of the animals, other types 18, 7 and 31 were also found to induce tumors to a lesser extent. In the elucitaion of the mechanism of carcinogenesis due to virus the study of changes in virus growth appears to be most important. For this reason, adeno-virus type 12 was inoculated to hamsters ranging in age from newborn to 14, 45 and 65 days old. These animals were sacrificed at diffe ent time intervals after the inoculation, and the kidney, liver, peritoneum and lung were removed, and examined for virus. For the detection of virus in these organs, the method of s'ant agar culture was employed as it was found to be simple and easy to manipulated, as reported previously. As a result it was found that: 1. In the inoculation of this virus to newborn hamsters, the virus could be isolated from various organs up to l1 days after the inoculation. In this instance, the virus was found to be most active in the organs 1-7 days after the inoculaticn, indicating some proliferation of the virus. 2. With the hamsters 14 days old, it was possible to isolate the virus for 3 days after the inoculation. 3. In the case of animals 45 and 65 days old, the virus disappeared within 24 days of the inoculation. 4. In the inoculation of the virus to newborns, the tumor growth was noted at autopsy 30 days later, while no tumor could be observed in those animals over 14 days old. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 Adenovirus 12型に関する研究第Ⅱ編 Adenovirus 12型の寒天斜面組織培養法及び単層組織培養法による増殖について 857 860 EN Kozo Fujita No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 Adenovirus 12型に関する研究第Ⅰ編 Adenovirus 12型の3種の組織培養法による増殖性について 849 855 EN Kozo Fujita It is known that adenovirus type 12 nduces tumor in a high proportion of young hamsters, and also other types of adenoviruses do so to some extent. In the study of this virus the problems are posed the survival of the virus inoculated in animals, the presence or absence of the virus in the tumor developed by the virus, and the isolation of virus from man. It is, therefore, necessary to find out some appropriate methods to detect even a minute quantity of virus. With this view in mind, the authors conducted a series of experiments by the following three methods of successive tissue cultures using monolayer HeLa cells in culture infected with adenovirus 12 for the period of 7 days for each generation to see which of the three methods is most suitable. The results of this study are briefly summarized as follows 1. The tissue culture conducted for generations of HeLa cells with freezing-thawing techniques: The cells growing in monolayer in the test tubes were infected with adenovirus type 12 and cultured for 7 days as one generation. At the termination of each culture period the medium was changed with 1ml of fresh one. The first generation cells were frozen and thawed, cent-rifuged, and then the supernatant was placed into new monolayer HeLa cells. Subsequently, tissue culture was continued for generation after generation. In the doses of 1, and 10(-1) TCID(50) of virus used, 3 generations were needed to confirm proliferation of virus on the ground of cellular degeneration, and in the doses of 10(-2), 2×10(-3), and 10(-3) TCID(50), 4 generations were needed. 2. Virus culture through successive generations of infected cells: As in the preceding experiments the infected HeLa cells were cultured for 7 days, and after dispersing the cells in monolayer with trypsin solution, this first generation was divided into two equal parts, each of which was placed in the test tubes and cultured. Successive cultures were conducted in similar manner. The growth rate of virus in this series proved to be about the same as in the foregoing experiments. 3. Virus culture on slant agar: As in the preceding experiments the infected HeLa cells cultured for 7 days were dispersed with trypsin solution. This cell suspension of the first generation was centrifuged and the sediment, divided into about five equal masses of cells, was placed on slanted surface of agar, and cultured. Then one half the amount of the cells growing on the agar for 7 days was cultured again on the agar. The other half of the sediment was frozen-thawed with 1ml of the medium, centrifuged, and the supernatant was placed in the new monolayer to determine the proliferation of the virus. This method also gave the results not so different from those by the two preceding methods. From these results it is concluded that the tissue culture conducted on the slant agar is the most suitable method for the detection of virus growth because it is easy to manipulate and simple to maintain successive generations. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 担癌マウスにおける下垂体前葉・副腎皮質の組織学的研究第Ⅱ編副腎皮質組織について 841 848 EN Akira Yamagata The author made cytological observations of the adrenal cortex in mice with leukemia or mammary cancer. The results of this experiment were as follows: 1. Adrenal glands of mice were, in general, hypotrophic and sudanophilic droplets which were also Schiff-positive or Schultze-positive increased markedly in number in zona fasciculata et glomerulosa. 2. In mice with mammary cancer, adrenal glands were hypertrophic and sudanophilic droplets which were also Schiff-positive or Schultze-positive decreased relatively in number in zona fasciculata et glomerulosa. 3. The foregoing evidence indicates that the adrenal cortex in leukemia mice is hypofunctional and in mammary cancer hyperfunctional. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 担癌マウスにおける下垂体前葉・副腎皮質の組織学的研究第Ｉ編脳下垂体前葉組織について 835 840 EN Akira Yamagata In the cytological observations of the hypophysis in mice with leukemia or mammary cancer, the author made the classification and calculation of epithelical cells of mouse anterior hypophysis. The results of this experiment were as follows: 1. In the pituitary of mice with leukemia, acidophilic cells decreased in number, while the basophilic particularly chromophobic ones increased in number. 2. In the pituitary of mice with mammary cancer, acidophilic and basophilic cells decreased in number, while the chromophobic ones increased in number. 3. From these findings it is assumed that the hypophyseal function of mice with leukemia or mammary cancer is hormone-unbalanced. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 農薬Drin剤の循環器系機能に及ぼす作用第3編 Drin剤の犬血圧に及ぼす作用及びDrin剤中毒家兎の心電図学的研究 815 834 EN Kojiro Hyodo By examining the blood pressure in dogs and electrocardiogram in rabbits treated with drin compounds, the author obtained the following results: 1. Drin compounds, when injected intravenously in dogs, cause a transitory lowering of blood pressure. But when generalized convulsions occur, blood pressure rises and becomes markedly labile. 2. Administration of atropine does not inhibit the effect of drin compounds on blood pressure. 3. Simultaneous administration of dieldrin and adrenaline inhibits blood pressure lowering effect of dieldrin. 4. Ganglion blocking agents such as chlorpromazine and tetraethylammonium do not inhibit the effect of dieldrin on bood pressure. 5. Administration of drin compounds slows the heart rate in rabbits. 6. In rabbits given drin compounds, electrocardiograms often demonstrate depressed ST segments and low to inverted T waves. 7. In rabbits given a large amount of drin compounds, electrocardiograms may show left bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation, ventricular premature beat and multifocal idioventricular rhythm. 8. In rabbits treated with a small dosage of drin compounds for a prolonged period, electrocardiograms show no significant changes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 農薬ドリン剤の循環器系機能に及ぼす作用第2編ドリン剤の蛙心に及ぼす作用 803 813 EN Kojiro Hyodo By studying the action of drin compounds on isolated frog heart (Straub-Fuhner's method), the author obtained the following results: 1. In the case of dun compounds at a low concentration there occurs a slight decrease in the amplitude of heart beats. 2. At a high concentration, atrioventricular block and low amplitude are obserbed. Such changes are more prominent at a higher concentration, which eventually leads to diastolic cardiac arrest. 3. Premedicaticn of atropine does not reduce the suppressive action of dieldrin. 4. When atropine is given to the heart after exposure to dieldrin, an increase in the amplitude and continuance of heart beats may be seen. 5. Application of adrenaline previous to dieldrin, does not influence the decrease in the amplitude of heart beats. 6. When adrenaline is applied just prior to the cardiac arrest by dieldrin, heart beats are maintained with an increase of their amplitude. 7. It is concluded that drin compounds are not cholinesterase blockers such as alkylphosphates. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 農薬ドリン剤の循環器系機能に及ぼす作用第1編ドリン剤の末梢血管に対する作用 785 801 EN Kojiro Hyodo By studying the action of drin compounds on the peripheral blood vessels (Krakow-Pissemiski's method) of the rabbit ear, the author obtained the following results: 1. All the drin compounds (dieldrin, aldrin and endrin) induce a transitory dilatation of the extirpated peripheral blood vessels. But at high concentrations vasoconstriction is observed. 2. Atropine does not counteract the vasodilation by dieldrin. 3. With respect to the dilatation of peripheral blood vessels adrenaline acts antagonistically in contrast to the additive effect of acetylcholine. 4. Drin compounds act antagonistically against the vasoconstriction by barium chloride. It is considered that the mechanism of vasodilatation by these compounds is based on their direct action on the contractible muscle cells of the vessel walls No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 サポニンの細網内皮に及ぼす影響に関する研究補遺第1篇サポニン中毒家兎における肝および骨髄類洞内皮の再生 765 774 EN Taizo Nakamura It was reconfirmed that a sublethal dose of saponin produces disintegration of the sinusoids in the liver and bone marrow of rabbits. After destruction of the sinusoids, restitution of endothelial cells of the sinusoidal walls was studied. It was revealed that the endothelial walls of newly formed sinusoids are constituted of reticular cells which come from the regenerating haematopoietic areas. Although stellate cells of Kupffer in the liver and splenic macrophages undergo extensive proliferation during the earlier pariod of restitution after saponin poisoning, there is no evidence to indicate that these cells paticipate in the reconstruction of sinusoids in the liver and bone marrow, paticularly the latter. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 胃潰瘍症の血液成分の変化に関する研究 743 763 EN Kimiyasu Sato There have been many reports on the alterations in the blood constituents levels of patients with stomach ulcer. Some reporters stated anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, decreased serum cholinesterase activity and serum iron in the cases of stomach ulcer; but other noticed that levels of blood constituents in patient with stomach ulcer were amost within normal range. An investigation of the difference between the levels of the blood constituents of the normal and of the stomach ulcer cases was attempted. One hundred and fifty one cases of normal, 286 cases of stomach ulcer and 266 cases of stomach cancer were examined. The measured blood constitueuts were RBC, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, WBC and blood group. The serum constituents such as cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, phenol turbidity test, amylase, non-protein nitrogen, sugar, iron, copper, protein and its fractions, mucoprotein and its fractions and lipoprotein were also determined. The significant changes were statistically discussed. Decreases of RBC, hemoglobin concentration, Ht, serum cholinesterase activity, serum iron, serum albumin, A/G ratio and mucoprotein-albumin, and increases of WBC, serum GFT activity, serum amylase activity, serum NPN and globulin fraction of serum protein were noticed in the cases of stomach ulcer. It is supposed that anemia and decreased serum iron are due to the continuous bleeding from ulcer, hypoalbuminemia and decreased serum cholinesterase activity and increased GPT activity are to general deterioration by maluntrition and liver damage accompanied with stomach ulcer. Increase of serum amylase activity and serum NPN may be the sequences of pancreatic and renal involvements, the latter might be followed by the ulcer hemorrhage and dehydration. The blood constituents levels in the cases with stomach ulcer which needed the operation showed more advanced anemia and hypocholinesterasemia than in the whole ulcer cases. In the cases with large ulcer, decreased cholinesterase activity and increased NPN were prominent. The comparison of blood levels in the stomach cancer with in the stomach ulcer revealed that decreased RBC, hemoglobin concentration, serum cholinesterase activity, serum iron, gamma-globulin fraction and mucoprotein-albumin and increased alkaline phosphatase activity were significant in the group of stomach ulcer. The blood constituents levels in stomach ulcer group were situated between normal and stomach center group in regard to anemia, general deterioration and liver damage; but in the cases of large ulcer, some constituents such as serum cholinesterase, serum amylase and serum NPN were in worse condition than in the stomach cancer cases. Relationship between stomach ulcer and liver function disturbance was significantly observed in blood spectrum. Anemia, malnutrition and accompanied gastritis with stomach ulcer may induce secondary chronic liver damage, but severe liver disorder occurs rarely in the cases with stomach ulcer. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 胃ポリープ症の臨床検査成績についての検討（特に血液成分の変化に関して） 721 742 EN Michio Kobori No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 蛋白同化ステロイドのコレステロール代謝に及ぼす影響第2編脱コレステロールの機構 709 720 EN Akemitsu Ishii In order to elucidate the mechanism operating during the hypocholesterolemic action after the administration of anabolic steroids, cholesterol and bile acids were determined in the serum, bile and liver. About 100 male dogs of 10kg body weight were used at the experimental animals. The animals were divided into 3 groups: The first group was normal healthy dogs, the second was the dogs blocked the reticuloendthelial system with china ink, and the third was the dogs given carbon tetrachloride. Pyridoxal phosphate was given simultaneously to the dogs in about a half of the test animals. The results obtained were as follows; a) A reduction of serum cholesterol was observed in the healthy dogs by the administra tion of the anabolic steroido, the increased uptake of cholesterol into the liver as well as increased synthesis of trihydroxy cholanic acid and dihydroxy cholanic acid from cholesterol followed with increased excretion into bile were thought to be responsible for the reduction of serum cholesterol. b) The anabolic steroid had no hypocholesterolemic action when liver cell wasdamaged or reticulo-endothel system was blocked. c) The shift of cholesterol from blood the liver is related to liver cell and reticuloendothel system. d) Pyridoxal phosphate used with anabolic steroid resulted in no excretion of trihydroxy cholalic acid and dihydroxy oholalic acid in bile, be it seen when only the latter was administered. Pyridoxal phosphate is competitive to anabolic steroid. e) Pyridopal phosphate used with anabolic steroid had no such effect when the liver cell was damaged or reticulo-endothel system was blocked. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 蛋白同化ステロイドのコレステロール代謝に及ぼす影響第1編脱コレステロールの場 701 707 EN Akemitsu Ishii Anabolic steroids such as H.M.D., 19 N.P.P. were given to 23 patientents with stomach diseases, then the change of cholesterol level and liver function test was investigated to assess the effect of the anabolic steroids on the cholesterol metabolism Simultaneously pyridoxal phcsphate was given to 5 patients and the effects was analyzed. The results obtained were as follows; a) Administration of the anabolic steroids showed no significant in serum protain level, A/G ratio, the serum flocculation tests. The level of serum bilirubin was unchanged. But the Bromsulphalein retention rate and transaminase activities were increased, the serum level of cholesterol was strikingly decreased. Alkaline phosphatase was slightly decreased though it occured within normal range. b) Administration of the anabolic steroids with pyridoxal phosphate resulted in the no appreciable change in cholesterol level. The increase of transaminase activities was not observed. This phenomenon was interpreted as an conpetitive action was operating between the mechanism in which cholesterol level reduce in one side and the transaminase activities increase in the other. c) In the experiment of the dogs given H.M.D., a reduction of the serum cholesterol level was observed. The gradient was in proparation to the time after the administration. The highest level was in the partial vein, the next was in the hepatic artery, and the lowest was in the hepatic vein. From the results obtained here, is was concluded that hypocholesterolemic action occurs in the liver when the anabolic steroids were given to the patients. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 移植動物癌腫瘍抗原に関する研究第2編 Ehrlich腹水癌腫瘍リボゾーム蛋白の抗原性について 691 700 EN Yasuo Tadatomo Antigenicity of ribosomal protein in Ehrlich ascites tumor and the biochemical characters were studied. The cytotoxic activity of immunized male dd-mice serum globulin was proved by cell culture test. Ribosomal protein was moved electrophoretically to basic side than that of serum γ-globulin, and the protein concentraticn was adequate for maximal antigenicity 1 mg per mouse. The antitumor activity of immunized εerum globulin was most elevated at 25 th day after immunization, and that of lymph nodes and spleen were at 10 th day. The antitumor activity of immunized serum globulin was mainly existed in γ-globulin fraction, but also contained in α-and β-globulin fraction. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 移植動物癌腫瘍抗原に関する研究第1編 Ehrlich腹水癌腫瘍組織低密度リポプロテインの抗原性について 677 689 EN Yasuo Tadatomo Antigenicity of insoluble lipoprotein (low density lipoprotein) in Ehrlich ascites tumor and its biochemical characters were studied. The cytotoxic effect of immunized male dd-mice serum globulin was examined by cell culture technique. The insoluble lipoprotein used as antigen was moved electrophoretically similar with serum β-lipoprotein, and the maximal antigenicity was obtained by administration of 1 mg protein concentration per mouse as antigen. The cytotoxic effect was mainly existedin γ-globulin fraction. The antitumor activity was most elevated at 25 th day after immunization with low density lipoprotein, and the effect was decreased gradually after 30 th day. The globulin fraction in lymph nodes and spleen was showed the highest cytotoxic activity at 10 th day after immunization. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 小脳の酵素組織化学―特にプルキンエ細胞のα-グリセロ燐酸脱水酵素と「固定の問題」をめぐつて― 665 676 EN Iwao Tokunaga (1) ダイコクネズミ及びヒト,ネコの小脳について,乳酸脱水素酵素(LDH),コハク酸脱水素酵素(SDH),α-グリセロ燐酸脱水素酵素(α-GPDH)活性を組織化学的に検索した. SDH,α-GPDHの検出にあたつてはintermediatorとしてmenadione (MD)を反応液に添加した. 新鮮凍結クリオスタット切片にて,LDHは顆粒層の“gloneruli cerebellosi”に相当して最も強く,分子層ではformazan顆粒はびまん性に形成されて反応は顆粒層よりやや弱くPurkinje細胞(P-細胞)は核を除いて細胞体に強度～中等度の活性を示し,白質には活性はほとんど証明されなかつた. SDHは全体としてLDHの反応態度に似た像を示し,顆粒層に最も強く,ついでP-細胞層,分子層の順で活性が認められ,白質にはほとんど証明されなかつた. α-GPDH反応は,顆粒層,分子層においてはLDH, SDHとほぼ同じであるが,P-細胞層にはformazanの形成がほとんどなく,あたかも顆粒層と分子層の間に空隙がある様な像を示した.白質には活性はほとんど証明されなかつた,これらの所見は,これまでの報告にほぼ一致するものである. (2) 上記酵素活性の検出にあたり,新鮮凍結クリオスタット切片とともに,同一材料について組織塊をまず10%冷フォルマリンで固定した後に作製した凍結切片をあわせて使用した. SDH,α-GPDH, LDHともに反応は全般に減弱されるが,LDHの反応の減弱の度合は他の2者にくらべて少ないようであつた. ここで注目すべきことは,非固定切片のP-細胞層において,α-GPDHの活性がほとんど認められなかつたにもかかわらず固定切片のP-細胞には反応が認められ,しかもformazan形成は他の部よりもむしろ強度であつた点である.この事実は酵素組織化学における方法の選定や結果の判定にあたつては常に慎重な配慮が要求されることを示す現象であるとみなされ,この点に着目し特に固定の問題をめぐつて諸種の条件を実験的に設定してしらべた. (3) フォルマリン固定切片における反応には, i) 固定時間の長さによる著明な差異がみられない. ii) pHの変化による影響が少ない. iii) 特異的抑制剤による影響がみられない. iv) MDの存在が不可欠である. v) SH-基の関与がある. vi) Nitro-BTの組織への吸着性の増強が関連している. ということを認めた. このことからフォルマリン固定切片に見られる反応は,Nitro-BTの組織蛋白との結合性を前提とて,SH-groupとMDとが関与している非酵素的作用の結果であることを推論した. (4) 小脳組織でP-細胞が他の細胞要素と異なり,非固定切片においてα-GPDH活性をほとんど示さないこと,およびフォルマリン固定によりP-細胞に非酵素的なNitro-BT還元が著明にあらわれることは,P-細胞の細胞化学的特異性の一面を示すものであろう. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 80 7-8 1968 脳におけるコルチコイド代謝 647 663 EN Shigeru Kikui By the clinical studies on steroid hormones in endogenous mental diseases so far carried out, we have found that it is the steroids belonging to 17-KS rather than 17-OHCS which are associated with the mental excitation. In view of this, we attempted a study about the brain metabolism on testosterone which is an important precursor of 17-KS with a strong biological activity. The materials used were the brain of Donryu rats and human beings. Each of these brain tissues was homogenized in ten-fold volumes of 1/15M phosphate buffer solution. Then, taking 2ml of the brain phosphate buffer homogenate or 2ml each of 1/15M phosphate buffer suspension of the supernatant containing nuclear, mitochondrial or microsomal fraction, prepared from 1g rat brain, the incubation was conducted in the air at 37℃ for 60 minutes after adding 0.1μc [4C(14)] testosterone, 0.2 mg cold testosterone, 0.5 mg each of NAD and NADP as cofactor, and 10 mg nicotinamide. Then, metabolites were extracted, applied on the florisil column, and 2% methanol-chloroform fraction was collected and dried. For the control groups the brain tissues inactivated by heating were employed. Each of the specimens thus obtained was applied on the Silicagel-G thin layer chromatography (TLC), and metabolites were isolated and identified by the 2% NGS gas chromatography. After the TLC-autoradiography the portions that coincided with the radioactive spots was taken and each of these chromatograms was applied to the liquid scintillation counter and the percentage of the conversion of metabolites was calculated from respective radioactivity. 1) Both from the rat brain and the human brain on the TLC (chloroform-acetone-methanol, 90:7:3, developed for 15 cm) there are seen four principal spots, and designating these spots as I, II, III and IV starting from the original point of application, the spot II is testosterone, proving that 90-95% or more of testosterone added has not been metabolized. 2) The spots I and III are minor metabolites, of which I is the substance like ll-OH-Etio-cholanolone. and III is an unknown substance. The conversion rate of each is only about 0.2%, proving to be of no significant value. 3) The spot IV is a major metabolite, and on the further TLC (chloroform-acetone, 85:15, developed for 55 cm) it separated itself into two spots, each of which has been identified to be Δ(4)-androstene-3, 17-dione and dihydrotestosterone. The conversion rate of the two together is 2.46% with the rat brain and 2.29±0.73% with the human brain in average, and without addition of co factors it is decreased to 1.80% and O.5% respectively. 4) The activity of the enzymes responsible for the major metabolite formation, namely, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5α-reductase, is detectable in every fraction of the rat brain, but it is highest in the telencephalon mitochondrial and fairly high in the supernatant fraction, and the conversion rate from testosterone is about 0.5% in each case. After all, since the brain is not a metabolic organ nor a target organ, the metabolism of testosterone is extremely low, nonetheless, looking it from the aspect of its potency, we cannot rule out its significance. A further problem which we have to solve will be the role played by the hormones responsible for mental excitation, by investigating the correlation of the brain site to the metabolism of steroids including testosterone. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 隠岐諸島小中学校学童の医学的調査について 721 726 EN Yoshio Ogura Yozo Orita Noboru Asahi Kazuo Chiba Yutaka Kondo Hiroshi Sugata A series of medical examinations was performed on school-children of Oki Is., Shimane Pref. in April, 1967. The investigations consisted of screening tests for acatalasemic gene carriers, ABO blood type tests, and ENT examinations. Results obtained are as follows: 1. ENT examinations and blood type tests showed average grade and value as those of other places of Japan. 2. Screening tests: Seven hypocatalasemic cases were found out among 4,831 children examined. Then, emergence of hypocatalasemia on Oki Is. was 0.15% , near to already known Japanese mean value. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 Forel-H野破壊術の基礎的ならびに臨床的研究第2編定位的Forel-H野破壊術の臨床的研究 703 719 EN Toshio Hiroe Ninety-six operations of Forel-H-tomy were performed on fifty epileptic patients between 1960 and 1964. Follow-up observation of these fifty cases could reach to three years and eight months at the longest and a month at the shortest cases. In eight cases of those patients electrodes were inserted stereotaxically in the Forel-H field to make some physiological study. 1. In nineteen cases (38 per cent), a complete alleviation of grand mal, in twenty-two eases (44 per cent), a moderate alleviation of grand mal were observed within postoperative three months. But there are nine cases (18 per cent) of no effect. Postoperative follow-up could reach to six moths or more in forty-two cases. In fourteen cases (33.3 per cent), marked effect, in twentyone cases, moderate, and seven cases, no effect, were observed. The operative long-term effect more or less decreases when the follow-up is extended over a longer period. 2. The side effect of this procedure was mostly transient and demonstrated light contralateral hemiparesis. In fourteen cases this was observed, but remaine in only five cases for longer period. 3. The pattern of EEG recorded from the Forel-H field was different from that of the scalp leads. The electric stimulation of the Forel-H field could not inflict on the scalp EEG. 4. EEG follow-up has been carried out in all cases but no detectable change was observed between the pre- and the post-operative EEG. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 Forel-H野破壊術の基礎的ならびに臨床的研究第1編 Strychnine NeuronographyによるForel-H野の研究 687 701 EN Toshio Hiroe Thirty-five adult cats were utilized for this study. The animal was artificially ventilated after administration of succinil cholin chloride in sufficient doses to abolish respiratry and somatic movement. Bipolar concentric electrodes, each having an outside diameter of 0.8mm, were inserted stereotaxically into selected cortical and subcortical structures. As a stimulation of the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, 0.01-0.05ml of 0.1% strychnine was applied. 1) Forel-H field was not effectively stimulated by administration of strychnine. 2) The stimulation of the cortex (gyrus sigmoideus anterior) elicited frequently spike discharges in the Forel-H field. 3) The stimulation of the thalamus (N. ventralis lateralis) was not followed by so frequent clear spike discharges of Forel-H feild as the stimulation of the cortex. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 脳溢血の外科的療法の適応に関する実験的研究第2編脳波学的研究 679 685 EN Osamu Mohri Intracerebral hematoma was experimentally produced by injection of arterial auto-blood into the area of the internal capsule with stereotaximetry in dogs. Forty-eight hours after injection of blood the hematoma was aspirated, the aspirated and the non-aspirated cases were followed electroencephalographically. EEG recording showed localized or generalized slow wave activity immediately after the intracerebral blood injection, which continued even after two months in non-aspirated cases. Marked decrease of the slow activity was observed shortly after aspiration and EEG returned to almost normal pattern after one week. According to the results, it was made clear that the exstirpation of blood clot was effective of the prevention of functional disturbance of nerve cells caused by intracerebral hematoma. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 胃癌の水解および脱水素酵素の組織化学的研究第2編胃癌の臨床像と癌組織の酵素活性との関連性について 655 662 EN Kisaburo Takeuchi Histochemical analysis of enzyme activities of thirteen enzymes in operated stomachs of 100 patients were compared with their clinical findings. Materials and methods of histochemical analysis were the same as the previous report. Enzyme activities in the stomach cancer cells of the patients, who showed serum hypoproteinemia, decrease of blood hemoglobin content, and increase of erthrocyte sedimentation rate, were stronger than those in the patients who had normal level of the above tests. While the relationship between enzyme activities in the stromal elements and the values of clinical tests in those groups showed the reverse tendency. No parallel relationships were observed between the alkaline phosphatase activity in cancer cells and the serum alkaline phosphatase level. Also no correlation between alkaline phosphatase activity in tumor cells and the patients liver dysfunction or liver metastasis. Leucine aminopeptidase was positive in the cancer cells of 35 per cent cases. Generally, the stomach cancers removed from anacidity or hypoacidity patients had a stronger activity of this enzyme than that of normoacidity patients. In general, enzyme activities were decreased in both of the stomach cancer cells and stromal elements obtained from the preoperatively treated with antitumor agents, such as Mitomycin C, Chromomycin A(3), and Cyclohosphamide than those from non-treated oncs. The patients who showed stronger activities in stromal elements showed distinctly a better prognosis than those weaker activities. While the patients who had stronger activities in cancer cells had worse prognosis than those weaker activities. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 胃癌の水解および脱水素酵素の組織化学的研究第1編胃癌組織分類委員会の胃癌の組織学的分類および,胃癌研究会の胃癌取扱い規約と酵素活性との関連性について 637 654 EN Kisaburo Takeuchi Histochemical studies of five hydrolytic enzymes, i. e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta esterase, beta-glucuronidase, and leucine aminopeptidase and eight dehydrogenases, i. e. lactic, succinic, malic, alpha-glycerophosphate, glutamic, beta-hydroxybutyric, glucose-6-phosphate, and isocitric dehydrogenase were carried out in the gastric cancers removed from 100 patients. Enzyme activities were compared with the histological features of stomach cancers in each patient and the grade of its advancement. Histological analysis of stomach cancer was followed by the classification established in 1962 by the Japanese Pathological Society. And the grade of advancement was judged by the criteria eatablished by the Japanese Reserch Society for Gastric Cancer. As a whole, the poorer differentiated cancer cells showed the weaker enzyme activites than the well differentiated ones. However, no correlations were observed between enzyme activities and the grade of infiltration by cancer cells. Generally enzyme activities of carcinoma simplex were weaker than those of adenocarcinom and scirrhous carcinoma showed slightlly weaker activity than carcinoma simplex. According to the classification of Borrmann, enzyme activites of infiltrative types were weaker than those in localized types. Lactic dehydrogenase showed the strongest staining intensity in all of the enzymes. The activity was observed in hydrolytic enzymes of carcinoma cells in the following desending order: beta-glucuronidase, beta-esterase, acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase, while in that of stromal elements : beta-glucuronidase, acid phospbaase, beta-esterase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. The activity of dehydrogenases of carcinoma cells was in the following desending order: lactic, malic, glucose-6-phoshate, isocitric, succinic, alpha-glycerophosphate, glutamic and beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase, and in that of stromal elements : lactic, malic, succinic, alpha-glycerophosphate which was similar to glutamic, beta-hydroxybutyric similar to glucose-6-phosphate and isocitric dehydrogenase. There was a tendency that the cancer tissues obtained from the patients of more advanced stage showed the stronger activity of enzymes than that of early stage ones. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 精神病者の間脳・下垂体・副腎皮質系機能及び前頭葉関与に関する研究 619 635 EN Kazunori Izumiya As a link in the series of studies on the functions of the diencephalo-pituituitary adrenocortical system in endogenous psychosis, an investigation was carried out on 26 cases of schizophrenia who received the standard bilateral lobotomy, for the purpose to find out how the frontal lobe affects to the endocrine functions and autnomic nervous systems. For this purpose ACTH (25 units) was administered intramuscularly to 17 cases of them, and the m echolyltest was conducted with the other 9 cases, measuring the lelvels of corticoids in serum and urine of both groups. For the controls, ACTH was administered to 9 cases of schizophrenia who did not receive lobotomy. The results of the study may briefly be summarized as follows. 1) In the control group after ACTH adiministration the serum 17-OHCS showed a tendency of a decrease in the cortical reserve capacity, and in the lobotomized group there could be seen an abnormal reaction to ACTH in addition to a decrease in the cortical reserve capacity. 2) Total blood cholesterol after the ACTH stimulation decreased temporarily, showing similar changes up to 30 minutes in both groups, but in the lobotomized group an increase in cholesterol could be observed thereafter, revealing a contrasting phenomenon to the decreasing tendency of the serum 17-OHCS. 3) The blood potassium decreased transiently 10 minutes after the ACTH administration in both groups and such changes were unstable in the control group while the blood potassium in the lobotomized group increased steadily. As for the fluctuations of urine potassium its excretion was decreased transiently after the ACTH administration in both groups, which later rebounded, and this recovery tendency was more marked in the lobotomized group. 4) 17-KS excreted in urine on ACTH stimulation increased accompanying a marked increase in the amount of urine in the case of lobotomized group. 5) The results of the mecholyl test revealed that even the lobotomized patients respond to mecholyl, but there can be observed a decline and delay in the reactivity. 6) Observations on the fluctuations of serum 17-OHCS, urine 17-OHCS and 17-KS conducted simultaneouly with the mecholyl test revealed a declinining tendency in serum free 17-OHCS while total 17-OHCS in urine to be rather increased in the lobotomized group. The quantity of 17-KS excreted in urine decreased at first and then increased, and such a tendency did not parallel with the change in the total 17-OHCS excreted in urine. In the patients showing identically the same pathological conditions there could be recognized no distinct correlation between the type of response to mecholyl and the corticoid picture. 7) While we can recognize a certain correlation between defect symptoms of the frontal lobe and the endocrine functions, when we investigate individual caes, we find complex features in the endocrine function and autonomic nervous system according to the constitution before the lobotomy and the postoperative pathological picture. Namely, in those patients in a quiet mentbal state, though they are not completely cured, both functions maintain the balance in the state of lowered tension. On the other hand, in those who show a premonition of unrest and excitation, both functions have become unstable. Moreover, those who may have hallucination and delusion and are in the state of chronic defect, so long as there occurs no excitation, they show the levels of function close to the normal. 8) Summarizing these findings, it may be said that there is a decreasing tendency of the response to the ACTH stimulation in the functions of the diencephalo-pituitary-adrenocortical system of chronic shizophrenic group, and distribution of the estimated values is larger than that of normal persons, and this tendency is still more pronounced in the lobotomized group. Furthermore, the dissection of the frontal lobe brings about a defective equilibrium in the reaction mechanism of regulating center in endocrine system, but once placed under a strong stimulus, this balance is broken and there occurs a marked disruption in the endocrine rhythm. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 日本脳炎ウイルスの電子顕微鏡的研究第1編日本脳炎ウイルス粒子の形態 589 597 EN Masahito Moguruma An electron microscopic study was performed on the ultrastructure of the Mukai strain of Japanese encephalitis virus propagated in vitro on PS cells. PS cells were cultivated in bottles containing 10% calf serum and 0.5% lactalbumin hydrolysate in Earle's balanced solution. Titration of cell-associated virus was estimated by cytopathic effect. At various intervals following infection, the cells were fixed in buffered 1% osminum tetroxide-solution, embedded in methacrylates and cut on a Leitz ultramicrotome. After the sections were stained in saturated uranyl acetate solution, they were observed in the Hitachi type HUll electron microscope. It is suggested that the JE virus particle is hexogonal in shape and approximately 40 mu in the longest diameter, it is composed of an outer membrane 20 A° thick viroplasm 30 A° thick, and an electron dense nucleoid 25 mu in diameter. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 担癌ラッテにおけるステロイドの代謝に関する研究第2編 in vitroでのステロイドの代謝 585 588 EN Saburo Yamamoto The studies were performed on 3H-cholesterol metabolism in vitro with rat adrenal glands from normal, bearing Walker carcinoma and treated with ACTH. The amount of 3H-cholesterol metabolites containing pregnenolone, progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone were determined and compared among these rat adrenals. The cholesterol metabolism in tumor bearing rat adrenal was similar to that of treated with ACTH. These facts suggested that tumor bearing rat adrenals were simulated with ACTH-like substance. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 担癌ラッテにおけるステロイドの代謝に関する研究第1編 in vivoでのステロイドの代謝 577 583 EN Saburo Yamamoto The cholesterol metabolism in male Wistar strain rat was studied on the biosynthesis of steroid hormone. 3H-cholesteryl ester was completely formed by 5 hours after the 3H-cholesterol administration from tail vein, and were recoginzed the metabolites from 3H-cholesterol in the adrenals, liver and serum after 2 hours. The steroid hormones from 3H-cholesterol observed maximum conversion at 5 hours. The metabolic processes were studied in rat bearing Walker carcinoma. The cholesterol conversion to steroid hormone in vivo in tumor bearing rat was elevated twice than the normal. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 79 7-8 1967 制癌剤の副作用防止に関する研究 551 575 EN Masahiko Murata Preventive measure of the side-effects of an anticancer agent, Mitomycin-C (MMC), was investigated on Ehrlich tumor mice, by using several agents which had originally no tumoricidal effects except last one: such as orotic acid (OA), chloroquine orotate (QO), magnesium chloride (Mg), Sarvinal (SV), dihydrostreptomycin (SM), and so-called OX-substance (OX; unsaturated fatty acid fraction extracted from the liver of X-Ray irradiated rabbit). Results obtained were as follows. 1. Mg had a most preventive effect on the reduction of WBC due to MMC, following by SM, CO and SV. 2. On the fluctuation of RBC, SM, Mg, OA and CO showed better results. 3. No agents tested were effective on the prevention of reduction in platelets. 4. No unwilling decrease in tumor-effects were noted in these agents. 5. Survival time was markedly extended in case of using SM. Summarizing the results obtained above, streptomycin was a most useful agent for the prevention of side-effects of Mitomycin-C. Under the fundamental investigation, streptomycin was clinically used in case of giving Mitomycin-C, and the side-effects were remarkably reduced as seen in the experiment. Further studies would have to be continued on the other anticancer agents. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 82 7-8 1970 急性頭蓋内圧亢進時の髄液酸塩基平衡に関する研究 361 372 EN Akihiro Doi The author devised on pparatus for continuous monitoring of acid base balance of CSF without any CSF exposure to the atomosphere. The apparatus is an extracorporeal "ventriculo-cisternal circulation system" which is consisted of pressure pump, glass capillary electrode, Clark PO(2) eleotrode and Severinghaus Pco(2) electrode, all-lined up on a stainless steal conduit betweeen　lateral ventricle and cisterna magna. In the experimental cases of 5 dogs, the ventriculo-cisternal circulation system was used for monitoring acid base balanec of the CSF under acute intracranial hypertension produced by extradural balloon inflation. The blood Pco(2) was constantly watched during experiment to be kept in the normal range by means of a respirator. Pco(2) in the CSF began to increase in early stage above the pressure of CSF of 300 mmH(2)O and incseased more and more in parallel with raised pressure. HCO(3)- in the CSF was decreased when acute and more severe intracranial hypertension was maintained for hours. Hypercapnic acidosis and　metabolic acidosis occured in the CSF specifically when the intracranial pressure was raised acutely. Clinically, acid base balance of the CSF was studied on acute intracranial hypertension of three patients who suffered from brain tumor. Intracranial pressure was monitored continuously by pressure gauge transducer connected to the ventricular drainage. In this clinical research, CSF, arterial blood and jugular blood were sampled for measurement. Pco(2) in the CSF was increased　when the intracranial pressure was elevated above 500mmH(2)O and metabolic　acidosis was added when the pressure was more elevated continued. That is to say, CSF　became acidosis as same as experimental results. On the contrary, arterial　blood became respiratory alkalosis when the intracranial pressure was elevated　to 500-1000mmH(2)O. This phenomenon suggest that increse of hydrogenic ions induced by intracranial hypertension stimulates respiratory center. Hypercapnic acidosis and metabolic acidosis occur specifically in　the CSF independently from the change in the blood when the intracranial　pressure rises. Namely, the acid base balance of the CSF can not evaluated　from that of the blood. The author adovocates this state is hidden acidosis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 82 7-8 1970 case report Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Arteryの2症例 355 360 EN Yoshihiko Nakajima Yoshinobu Nakamura Shoji Shinagawa The first case is 28 years old femal who admitted with porphyrin-uria and left sided visual disturbance which was occured suddenly with vomitting. The carotid cerebral angiograpby demonstrated the occulsion of left side int. carotid artery at the point of C(2) and the primitive trigeminal artery the same side. The anastomosis to the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are made through this anomalous artery and Willis circle. The second case is 20 years old female who admitted with Jacksonian type seizures and no neurological signs. The cerebral carotid angiography demonstrated the primitive trigeminal artery in right side. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 84 7-8 1972 水島臨海工業地帯における大気汚染と気象条件について第2報オートレコーダーで実測された亜硫酸ガス濃度と理論拡散計算値との関係について 201 207 EN Kentaro Inoue The author calculated, using Pasquill's chart, the logical concentration of sulfur dioxide concerning principal 15 chimneys in many places of Mizushima industrial area which had emitted 74 percent sulfur dioxide over Mizushima, and compared concentrations measured practically at the respective station of Fukuda-cho, Mizushima Harbor Office and Amagi with the logical concentration calculated by Pasquill's chart. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The high concentrations of sulfur dioxide measured practically at Fukuda-cho station could be logically explained by the diffusion called C-stability following Pasquill, and those at Amagi station could be also explained by the diffusion called D-stability. 2. Under the condition of each of A and B stabilities following Pasquill, sulfur dioxide diffused itself significantly on C-stability in Pasquill's chart, and in the case of each B and C stabilities, it diffused itself on D-stability in Pasquill's chart. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 84 7-8 1972 細胞の貪食作用に関する研究―単球の固定赤血球付着に及ぼすイオン強度の影響― 189 200 EN Yoriko Shimizu For the purpose to clarify whether electrostatic contributes to the adhesion of red blood cell to monocyte, first phase of phagocytosis, was studied in vitro in ion deficient environments comparing with that in ionic environments. The experiments were carried out by using mouse ascites macrophage and the fresh and fixed red blood cells of mouse and chicken. Observations revealed that in Hanks' solution, the fixed red blood cells adhered to the monocyte, while fresh red blood cells of both species did not. In isotonic sugar aqueous solutions, however, the fixed red blood cells did not adhere to the monocyte. The test in the varied ionic concentration proved that number percent of monocytes adhering the fixed red blood cells to the total monocytes reduced in proportion to logaritsm of the decrease in ionic strength of the media. Concentration of Ca(++) and Mg(++) and pH of the media gave actually no effect on the red blood cell adhesion to the monocyte. The red blood cells fixed and conditioned with methylation treatment adhered to the monocytes even in ion free sucrose solution, but those conditioned with desamination treatment did not. From these results it is concluded that the ionic strength in the media is a decidive factor for the fixed red blood cell adhesion to the macrophage. Discussion was made on the mechanism of the adhesion from the view point of lyopobic and lyopilic colloid mechanism. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 84 7-8 1972 悪性腫瘍の血管構造に関する研究第3編腫瘍ならびに肺の血管に及ぼすBleomycinの影響について 177 188 EN Akira Nishishita With the purpose of elucidating the role of the stroma for the growth of tumors, the vascular structures in the parenchymal stroma and the surroundings of animal tumors were studied. In the first chapter, the vascular structures of Bashford tumors and Ehrlich subcutaneous tumors were examined employing the India ink method. The Blood vessels of tumors are derived from their surrounding host connective tissue. The structure of blood vessels of every tumor has features of its own. Further, it was observed that metastatic tumors in the lungs of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and Brown-Pearce tumors had an individuality in their vascular structures. In the second chapter, the vascular structures of Ehrlich subcutaneous tumors and first generation transplants of C(3)H spontaneous mammary cancers were observed employing ultrasoft X-ray, and the relationship between the blood vessels and the stromaltissue of these tumors was investigated using several special staining methods. Characteristic features were also observed on the vascularization and the stromal tissues of Ehrlich subcutaneous tumors treated with chondroitin sulphate. In the third chapter, the influences of administration of Bleomycin on C(3)H spontaneous mammary cancers were abserved with respect to the vascular struture and stromal tissue. It was found that small tumor vessels were narrowed, obstructed and destroyed by administration of this drug. Further, it was observed that the vasculature and stromal tissue of lungs of mice and humans administered with this agent were likewise damaged, and that prednisolone and chloroquine considerably inhibited these pulmonary damages caused by this drug. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 84 7-8 1972 悪性腫痕の血管構造に関する研究第2編血管構築と癌の間質について 167 176 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 84 7-8 1972 悪性腫瘍の血管構造に関する研究第1編動物癌の血管構築について 157 166 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 84 7-8 1972 イヌの小腸から抽出したコルニン分画の細胞分裂抑制作用に関する研究 143 155 EN Masao Makiyama The antimitotic effect of cornin extracted from dog intestine, are summarized as follows. 1. Canine intestine cornin (CIC) inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cell in tissue culture. It's antimitotic effect, however, increases depend on the cornin dose per cell. 2. CIC is stable substance. Antimitotic effect of CIC does not decrease after stocking in desiccater over 3 years, and also 2 days preincubation in 37℃. DTT treated CIC show no differences with untreated CIC in growing HeLa cell. 3. Both dialysable and nondialysable fractions show antimitotic effect to HeLa cell. And nondialysable fraction is more effective. 4. Ultrafiltration is done by Diafilter membrane. The most effective fraction of molecular weight is over than 55,000. The next is molecular weight 20,000~55,000, the third is molecular weight below 10,000. The component molecular weight 10,000~20,000 is slightly effective. 5. The antimitotic effect of molecular weight over than 55,000 fraction decreases by 2 days treatment in 0.025% trypsin at 37℃. 6. CIC is separated in 3 fractions by Sephadex G200 column. The most effective fraction is FⅢ. It suggests that the antimitotic action of CIC is more effective in relatively small molecular weight of molecular weight over than 55,000 fraction. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 81 7-8 1969 TLCを用いた尿中17-KSの10分画測定値並びに分画比に関する研究 495 504 EN Shiro Suzuki The subjects study were consisted of 20 nomal healthy males, two groups of 20 women each with normal menstrual cycle, one group of proliferative phase and the other of secretory phase, 10 castrated women, 11 climacteric women and 11 of various diseases. With 24-hours urine collected carefully from these subjects, 10 fractions of 17-KS were measured. For the estimation of fractions, 2-step hydrolysis of β-glucuronidase hydrolysis and solvolysis was conducted first, then ether extraction, rinsed with water, washed again with alkali, dehydrated, dried and fixed, the separation of C(10) fractions was done by Florisil column chromatography with the methanol-chloroform system, and 10 fractions of 17-KS were finally isolated by TLC using 55 cm glass plate. For colorimetry alcoholic Zimmemann's technic was conducted and each 17-KS fraction of the 24-hour urine was estimated. By these procedures, the following results were obtained. 1) After TLC of the purified extracts prepared by the two step hydrolysis, the percentage of β-glucuronidase hydrolysate and solvolysis hydrolysate was determined. As a result, it was found that urinary 17-KS contains 67% of β-glucuronidase hydrolysate and 33% solvolysis hydrolysate. Of the fractions, Ⅳ, Ⅵ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ fractions in β-glucuronidase hydrolysate were over two-fold those in solvolysis hydrolysate. 2) By measuring 10 fractions of 17-KS in 24-hour urine from normal females at proliferative phase, secretory phase and from normal male, values and their ratios were established, The ratios of 10 fractions showed no appreciable difference due the sex gland but the values of Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ fractions of normal males were more than twice those of normal females. These 11-deoxy-17-KS said to compose the so-called sex gland system show distinct sex differences. Namely, in sum total normal males showed the values 1.9 times of those of normal females. However, these could be seen no significant differences in these values between the women of proliferative phase and those of secretory phase. 3) In the comparative study of the effects of sex gland and adrenals on urinary 17-KS and on the fraction ratio in the groups of castrated women and climacteric women on one hand, and nomal women and men on the other, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ fractions of the 11-deoxy-17-KS groups seem to be derived from the sex glands. Especially, androsterone in normal men is six times that of castrated women, and that of normal women is 3-fold that of castrated women. On the other hand, the excretin of the 11-oxy-17-KS group is not much affected by castration, but as the fraction ratio is increased, this 11-oxy-17-KS group seems to be derived from adrenals. Opinions are divided in that these are many who contend (9)10)11)) that the values of urinary 17-KS are not affected by oophorectomy, and some (12)) claim that these can be observed no decrease in the 11-deoxy-17-KS. However, these differences in the opinions seem to be due to the methods of messurements and the development of those. By the author's own results, the values of 11-deoxy-17-KS are decreased by castration while 11-oxy-17-KS values are somewhat increased. The sum total value of the fractions in the castrated women has been found to be 87% that of normal women at proliferative phase. 4) In the fractionratios between castrated women and climacteric women Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ fractions show higher values in the latter group but Ⅵ fraction said to belong to the sex gland system is found to show higher values in castrated women. This seems to be due to the formation etiocholanolone by passing the pathway of THS→11-deoxy-cortol. 5) A new finding that cannot be overlooked and the like of which is not seen in the available literature is the fact average value of androstanedione excreted into urine is 840 μg in normal women, 1190 μg in nomal men, 900 μg in castrated women and 470 μg in climacteric women. 6) Some discussion was made simultaneously about estimated values of urinary 17-KS fractions in several diseases with abnomality in the sex gland and adrenals, though the cases studied were only a few in number. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 81 7-8 1969 体外組織培養法による人胸水の細胞学的研究第2編人病的胸水に就いて 487 494 EN Takeshi Sonobe In the vital observations of 8 cases of cancer, 10 cases of tuberculosis and 2 cases of nephrosis by means of tissue cultures of pleural effusion of respective group, the author obtained the following results: (1) In the case of cancer, the average cell count is 720/m㎥. The characteristics of the cell composition are the appearance of tumor cells and tumorous signet-ring cells, a slight increase in the number of serous cells, a moderate increase of neutrophils and the appearance of phagocytic-ring cells. (2) In the case of tuberculous pleurisy, the average cell count is 1564/m㎥. There can be recognized such characteristics as a increase of small size phagocytics and lymphocytes. The movement of these cells are slightly disturbed compare with non-pathologic condition. (3) In the case of nephrosis, the average cell count is 180/m㎥. The characteristic of the cells is increase of small phagocyte and serous cells, but most of cells are degenerated in the early stage. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 81 7-8 1969 体外組織培養法による人胸水の細胞学的研究第1編人非病的胸水に就いて 481 486 EN Takushi Sonobe In the observation on the tissue culture of 3 adults pleural effusion which has no pathologic condition, the following results were obtained. (1) The cell component of these human pleural effusion closely relative of non-pathologic human ascites, of pleural and peritoneal fluid of animals. (2) Phagocytes in the pleural effusion seem to be same cytological natures with human ascites, also it resembles quite closely to that of blood monocyte. (3) Phagocytes occupy 89.3% of the total, and the majority of them are the small size phagocytes. (4) The average cell count is 1626/m㎥. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 86 7-8 1974 Ehrlich癌担癌マウスの細胞性免疫第1編部位別リンパ組織の抗腫瘍性の経日的推移について 409 414 EN Satoshi Tomoyasu As a link in the studies of changes in the cancer progress and concomitant immunity in cancer-bearing body, we conducted a series of in vitro tissue cultures using JTC-11 cells (a cell line established from Ehrlich cancer cell) mixed with lymphocytes prepared from regional axillary lymph nodes, distant mesenterial lymph nodes, and spleen with lapse of time, from the DD mice previously transplanted with 500×10(4) cells/mouse of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells on the back under skin, and observed changes in the antitumor activity of these lymphocytes. As a result it has been demonstrated that by 5 days after Ehrlich cancer transplantation antitumor activity can be detected in any of lymphatic tissues, while by about 8-10 days there appears a strong antitumor activity first in the regional axillary lymph-nodes cells and lymphoid cells of spleen, but at this stage such an antitumor activity cannot yet be seen in the distant mesenterial lymph-node cells. After lapse of 15, 20 and 22 days a strong antitumor activity appears in the distant mesenterial lymph-node cells, which becomes stronger with lapes of time. On the other hand, in the spleen the antitumor activity weakens and disappears with lapse of 15, 20, and 22 days. In the case of axillary lymph nodes by 15th day there can still be observed a strong antitumor activity, which grows gradually weaker by 20th and 22nd days. The fact that, when left standing without any treatment, concomitant immunity in the cancer-bearing mouse destined to die of tumor death appears first in regional lymph nodes, which is gradually strengthened, and such a concomitant immunity appears later in distant lymph nodes, indicates that the concomitant immunity differs according to different sites of the body. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 86 7-8 1974 マウス腹腔内な挿入されたdiffusion chamber内でのヒトリンパ芽球様株細胞の培養第2編ヒトリンパ芽球様株細胞へのRauscher白血病ウィルスの感染 403 408 EN Shuko Yoshimoto Diffusion chambers containing EBV-bearing human lymphoblastoid cells were placed temporarily within the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice with Rauscher leukemia. Reestablished human leukocyte cultures became dually infected with C type and EBV particles and have continuously produced abundant C type particles. These virus particles were nonleukemogenic when inoculated into BALB/c mice but afforded some protection against challenge infection with spleen-derived leukemogenic RLV. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 86 7-8 1974 マウス腹腔内に挿入されたdiffusion chamber内でのヒトリンパ芽球様株細胞の培養第1編ヒトリンパ芽球様株細胞の形態学的変化 393 401 EN Shuko Yoshimoto A clonal lymphoblastoid cell line derived from lymph node of a patient with Hodgkin's diseasewas cultivated in diffusion chambers implanted in the abdominal cavity of mice and cellular morphologic changes were sequentially studied for up to 8 weeks. The majority of cells before intraperitoneal implantation were lymphoblasts with approximately 16% mature lymphocytes. However, after 3 weeks of in vivo cultivation in diffusion chambers, macrophage-like cells began to increase and occupied 80-90% of cells after 4 and 5 weeks. These macrophage-like cells, when tested for phagocytic activity after 4 weeks, exhibited bacterial phagocytosis. Labeling studies with (3)H-thymidine indicated that active DNA synthesis continued for up to 2 weeks of in vivo diffusion chamber cultivation, during which mitotic figures were also observed morphologically. Further, it was attempted to recultivate in vitro cells that were taken out of diffusion chambers after 2, 3, and 4 weeks of in vivo implantation. These 3 separate attempts led to the development of lymphoblastoid cells that were morphologically and cytogenetically similar to those prior to diffusion chamber implantation. From these findings, it is suggested that human lymphoid cells undergo morphologic alteration to macrophages under certain circumstances. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 86 7-8 1974 Goldthioglucose肥満マウスにおける脂酸代謝に関する研究第2編 (U)-14C-palmitic acid, 1-14C-linoleic acidおよび1-14C-γ-linolenic acidの脂酸代謝について 385 392 EN Yasuhisa Fujii Fatty acids synthesis from acetate in goldthioglucose obese (GTG) mice was described in part Ⅰ. In this report, the incorporation of (14)C from (U)-(14)C-palmitic acid, 1-(14)C-linoleic acid and 1-(14)C-γlinolenic acid into individual fatty acids and major lipid classes of liver was determined in vivo. Results were as follows. 1) No significant differences between GTG and control mice were found in the incorporation of (14)C into saponifiable fraction of lipids (total fatty acids) from (14)C-palmitic acid, (14)C-linoleic acid and (14)C-γ-linolenic acid. 2) In the percentage distribution of (14)C in malor lipid classes in both groups of mice, it was found that (14)C come from (14)C-palmitic acid was incorporated mainly into triglyceride, (14)C from (14)C-linoleic acid into triglyceride and phospholipids, and (14)C from (14)C-γ-linolenic acid. mainly into phospholipids. A few differences between. GTG and control mice were found in the percentage distribution of (14)C from (14)C-palmltic acid, (14)C-linoleic acid and (14)C-γ-linolenic acid in triglyceride and phospholipids. 3) In regard to the study on the incorporation of (14)C into individual fatty acids of saponifiable fraction of lipids, the percentage of (14)C recovered in palmitic acid from (14)C-palmitic acid more increased and that in stearic acid more decreased in GTG mice than in control mice. When (14)C-linoleic acid was used as precursor the percentage of (14)C recovered in linoleic acid was 55-62% and that in arachidonic acid was about 12% of 14C in total fatty acids, in both groups of mice. However, the percentage distribution of (14)C in γ-linolenic acid from (14)C-γ-linolenic acid was 10% and that in arachidonic acid was 46-58% , in both groups of mice. The rate of conversion from γ-linolenic acid to arachidonic acid more increased in GTG mice than control mice. 4) In regard to the esterification of individual fatty acids into major lipid classes, it was found in both groups of mice that linoleic acid was more esterified into tryglyceride than into phospholipids, and arachidonic acid was esterified mainly into phospholipids. From these results, metabolism of palmitic acid and essential fatty acids in GTG mice is characterized by increased palmitic acid pool and increased ratio of the conversion from γ-linolenic acid to arachidonic acid. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 86 7-8 1974 Goldthioglucose肥満マウスにおける脂酸代謝に関する研究策1編 1-(14)C-acetateよりの脂酸合成について 369 383 EN Yasuhisa Fujii Injection of goldthioglucose (GTG) destroys the bilateral ventro-medial nucleus, the "satiety area" and gives rise to hypothalamic obesity in mice (abbreated later as GTG mice). A considerable number of papers have been published on lipid metabolism of liver and adipose tissue in these obese animal. However, little is known about individual fatty acids synthesis in GTG mice. In this report, the author disclosed the individual fatty acids synthesis of liver and adipose tissue in GTG mice. Observations were performed both in vitro and in vivo, with analysis of the incorporation and distribution of 1-(14)C-acetate in individual fatty acids of major lipid classes Results were as follows. Experiment on liver; 1) Liver of GTG mice incorporated significantly more 1-(14)C-acetate in saponifiable fraction of lipids (=total fatty acids) than liver of control mice did. 2) In regard to the study on the distribution of 1-(14)C-acetate in individual fatty acids separated by gaschromatography, the percentage of radioactivity recovered in oleic acid significantly increased in GTG mice. On the other hand, the percentage of radioactivity in fatty acids with retention time corresponding to arachidic acid or longer relatively decreased. 3) After four hours' incubation of liver with 1-(14)C-acetate in vitro, the percentage distribution of radioactivity recovered in triglyceride significantly increased in GTG mice comparedd with control mice. In vivo, the percentage distribution of radioactivity increased in liver triglyceride with time from one hour to four hours after administration of 1-(14)C-acetate in GTG mice. 4) It is conspicuous that the amount of radioactivity recovered in oleic acid of GTG mice was always significantly higher than in that of control mice, on analysis of (14)C distribution in individual fatty acids esterified into triglyceride, both in vitro and in vivo. The percentage distribution of (14)C in oleic acid of triglyceride in GTG mice was increasing with time up to four hours in vivo, too. 5) In individual fatty acids esterified into phospholipids, the percentage of (14)C found in oleic acid of GTG mice was also higher than in that of control mice. 6) In vitro, fasted animals incorporated less (14)C into total fatty acids than fed animals in both GTG and control mice and significant decrease was observed in the percentage of (14)C in myristic acid and palmitic acid. Experiment on adipose tissue; There was a highly significant increase in the incorporation of (14)C into total fatty acids in the tissue of GTG mice compared with control mice. However, no significant differences were found in the percentage distribution of (14)C in major lipid classes nor in individual fatty acids of saponifiable fraction of lipids between both groups of mice. From these results, the author advocates a possibility that obesity of these animals is due to the increased synthesis of fatty acids and increaed accumulation of triglyceride esterified with oleic acid. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 86 7-8 1974 便通異常に関する心身医学的研究―思春期にみられる下痢・便秘症状と社会心理的因子との関連性― 309 331 EN Shigeyuki Nakano A psychosomatic study was conducted with grade school and high school students to examine the occurrence of diarrhea and constipation in relation to their perception of illness. In order to find out in greater detail the nature of diarrhea and constipation and the awareness of illness in adolescents, a further psychosomatic study was conducted by questionnaires, psychological tests, interviews and somatic examinations. A follow up study was conducted two and a half years later. The main results were as follows. 1. The incidence of diarrhea and constipation increased significantly in so-called adolescence over the period from junior high school to senior high school. Boys had more diarrhea while girls more constipation. 2. Those who had only one bowel movement a day were found in 61 to 72% of the male population, while in only 50 to 69% of the female population. In regard to the type of stool, as many as 11 to 21% of boys and 11 to 24% of girls reported that they usually had soft, hard or sheepdung stools. As they were mostly healthy students, these findings suggest that the awareness of illness is an important factor in diagnosing irritable colon syndrome. 3. Significant interrelationship was proven to exist between the occurrence of diarrhea and/or constipation and sociopsychological factors such as anxiety, emotional unstability and social maladaptation. 4. Significant interrelationship was proven to exist between the awareness of illness and sociopsychological factors. 5. Almost 2/3 of the students who have diarrhea and/or constipation with the awareness of illness developed their first symptoms during the period of preparing for enter to the upper schools and/or for adjusting to the new school surroundings. Among their precipitating factors anxiety and tension in connection with school examinations were mentioned by 2/3 of the students. 6. About 2/3 of both diarrhea and constipation types showed a lymphoid hyperplasia in the part of terminal ileum by the X-ray examination. In the lactose tolerance test (50g), more than 80% of both types showed less than 20mg/dl of the maximum rise of blood sugar. However, there was no significant difference between these two types. 7. The. significant interrelationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and/or constipation and sociopsychological factors was supported by the follow up study which was carried out two and a half years later. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 86 7-8 1974 黄色ブドウ球菌の耐塩機構における細菌表層の役割特にフリーズ・エッチング法による形態学的検討 299 307 EN Ken-ichi Tomochika Katsuko Sasai Yasuhiro Kanemasa The role of cell surface in a haloresistant mechanism of S. aureus was analyzed by free-ze-etching method. Our comparative studies were carried out on S. aureus cultivated in 0.5% NaCl containing medium (Normal-Staph) and in 10% NaCl containing medium (10% -Staph), as they were or were treated with L-11 enzyme (cell wall lytic enzyme obtained from Flabobacterium sp.). 1. As shown in photographs of non-treated and enzyme-treated cells, both the cell size and cell wall thickness of 10% -Staph increased to about 1.5 times Normal-Staph. 2. When Normal-Staph was exposed to L-11 enzyme, there occurred a gradual decrease in the OD. In the case of 10% -Staph, the OD showed a down-slope with a shoulder which rose in OD once at about 10 minutes after incubation. 3. The surface pattern of plasma membrane of Normal-Staph appeared to be made up of closely arranged spherical subunits. But in the case of 10% -Staph, the spherical subunits were indistinct and appeared to be sparsely located. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 86 7-8 1974 胃大弯側陥凹性早期癌の3症例 293 298 EN Michio Yamamoto Katsuhiko Sugita Kaname Aono Naoko Okada Kazuhiko Ehara Hisao Takagi Sosuke Iida Kunzo Orita Shoken Kaneda Keiji Kondo With advance in the double irridigoradiographic technique the detection of early gastric cancer has markedly increased. However, early gastric cancer of superficial depressive type on the greater curvature, because of the difficulty in its discovery due to the specificity of its site and its low incidence, seems to be relatively rare. In spite of this rarity, recently we encountered superficial depressive cancers at the corpus, the angulus and the antrum one each at respective site, about which we reported with some comments on each. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 83 7-8 1971 有機フッ素剤中毒に関する研究第2編有機フッ素剤（Nissol）使用農民の健康調査 295 310 EN Kunio Hashida Health survey was done on farmers using an organofluoride (N-methyl-N-(1-naphthyl) monofluoroacetate) and the following results were obtained. 1. Forty-five point seven percent of the farmers had some complaints after spraying the agent, which included fatigue, headache, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, insomnia or abdominal pain. 2. Blood pictures of the farmers after spraying the agent indicated slight decrease or no change or hemoglobin and erythrocytes with the tendency of a higher color index than normal, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. These blood changes, however, returned to normal in 6 months after the use of the agent. 3. Increased urinary urobilinogen and glycosuria were present in some cases, but none showed proteinuria. 4. Liver function tests revealed an increased icterus index and positive CCLF in some cases, but no abnormalities were found in TTT, ZTT, transaminases. There appeared to be no clinically appreciable liver disease. 5. ECG showed slight bradycardia and elongated P-Q intervals within normal ranges but no arrhythmia. No heart disease was clinically manifested in any cases. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 83 7-8 1971 有機フッ素剤中毒に関する研究第1編有機フッ素剤中毒の治療を主とした実験的ならびに臨床的研究 273 293 EN Kunio Hashida Treatment experiments and blood sugar determinations were carried out on organofluoride-intoxicated animals and the results were as follows. 1. FAM (monofluoroacetamide)-intoxicated rats were treated with various acetyl radical transferring compounds of which acetamide was found to be most effective and resulted in 100% recovery of the animals treated. Treatment with ethanol monoacetin, and glucose led to the prolongation of survival times of the intoxicated rats. Some increases of the survival times and anticonvulsive effects were obtained also by the use of phenobarbital and procainamide. 2. Administration of acetamide and procainamide to FAM-intoxicated rabbits resulted in approximately twice as longer survival times as those of the controls. 3. FAM administered rats showed a general tendency to low blood sugar levels, and the more the dosage of FAM was given, the greater the degree of hypoglycemia was observed. The maximum decrease was noted in the midst of or before and after convulsions of the administered rats. Methylparathion and Endrin administered rats, on the contrary, indicated increased levels of blood sugars. These observations suggest that determination of blood sugar levels can be a clue to differentiating organofluoride-intoxication from organic phosphate and chloride (especially Endrin)-intoxications which occur frequently in Japan. And this point may contribute to the understanding of the etiology of organofluoride-intoxication. 4. A close relationship between unconsciousness and a decrease in blood sugar levels was obtained in a MNFA (N-methyl-N-(1-naphthyl) monofluoroacetate)-intoxicated human case. Administration of large doses of glucose was found to be very effective for the recovery of unconsciousness. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 83 7-8 1971 SV40DNAによるマウス胎児培養細胞の試験管内発癌について 267 271 EN Shinichiro Yamamoto Kuniyuki Egusa Takuzo Oda The oncogenicity of SV 40 DNA was examined in mouse embryo cell cultures in vitro. T antigen induction in mouse embryo cells by SV 40 DNA was predominant at 5 days after infection and T antigen positive cells were observed by more than 10% at this stage. They decreased with increasing time until about 30 to 50 days of culture, after which numbers of cells with positive T antigen increased again to 36 to 38% with morphological changes accompanied. Morphological alterations seen at about 100 days after infection were characteristic of SV 40 transformed cells, e.g., criss-cross appearance, giant cell formation and irregurality of cell arrangements. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 83 7-8 1971 昭和43年度および44年度Acatalasemia, Hypocatalasemia調査集計 259 265 EN No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 83 7-8 1971 ヒトの胃の内分泌細胞の細胞学的研究第Ⅱ編病的状態の胃前庭部粘膜における内分泌細胞の組織化学的・電子顕微鏡的研究 247 258 EN Akira Nabeyama Normal and pathological antral mucosa (gastric ulcer, gastroduodenal ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, giant rugae, gastritis chronica and gastric polyp) were examined histochemically and electron microscopically. 1) It was clarified that the Ec-cells are observed only in the mucosa with intestinal metaplasia, and never in the normal mucosa. We tentatively classified the Ec-cells into two types; Ec-Ⅰ-cell and Ec-Ⅱ-cell. The specific granules in the Ec-Ⅰ-cells are polymorphous and contain a dense core enclosed by a limiting membrane which fits either tightly or loosely. The Ec-Ⅱ-cells have electron dense and polymorphous granules but do not contain a dense core in the limiting membrane. The ratio of Ec-Ⅰ-cells to Ec-Ⅱ-cells in the antral mucosa with intestinal metaplasia seems to be almost equal in gastric ulcer but smaller in gastric cancer. 2) Cell type Ⅳ-cell in the normal antral mucosa has three kinds of granules; electron dense granules (100-200 mμ in diameter), granules (about 400 mμ in diameter) which have cloud-like or bubble-like substances in the limiting membrane, and granules which are empty-looking in the limiting membrane. In gastric ulcer cases, the Ⅳ-type cells were apt to be granulated but there were no increse in the number. On the contrary, in atrophic gastritis, the Ⅳ-type cells had low electron dense granules which were empty-looking in the limiting membrane. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 83 7-8 1971 ヒトの胃の内分泌細胞の細胞学的研究第Ⅰ編ヒトの正常胃前庭部粘膜にみられる内分泌細胞の電子顕微鏡的分類 235 245 EN Akira Nabeyama The endocrine cells in te normal antral mucosa of the human stomach were examined by the electron microscope. According to their fine structural characteristics, they were classified into the following five types. 1) Cell-type Ⅱ is triangular in shape. The granules are round and vary in diameter (300-600mμ) and in electron density. 2) Cell-type Ⅲ is triangular in form and has many grnules (130mμ in diameter) with high electron density. These granules are characterized by their uniform size and homogeneous appearance. 3) Cell-type Ⅳ contains a prominent endoplasmic reticulum in the supranuclear region. These kinds of granules are recognizable in the basal part: smaller ones (100-200mμ), which are dense, larger ones (400mμ) which are pale and another larger ones (400mμ) which are empty-looking. 4) Cell-type Ⅴis contact with the glandular lumen and contains numerous secretory granules with various densities. 5) Cell-type Ⅵ is oval in shape and characterized by small granules (100-150mμ) with moderate density, localized in the basal region. This cell type seems to have some features of an immature endocrine cells. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 83 7-8 1971 SV40誘発腫瘍細胞の長期培養による変化について 229 233 EN Shinichiro Yamamoto Shuji Seki Sachiko Omura Takuzo Oda SV 40 induced hamster tumor cells were cultured in vitro for long terms. Morphological changes and vicissitudes of T antigen and oncogenity were examined in cultured cells. Morphological appearance. has changed from fibroblastic to epitheloid. T antigen and oncogenicity decreased with increasing time, both of which at last disappeared at about 300 days of culture. The significance of the findings is discussed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 4-Methylimidazolの生理作用について（第4報） 4-Methylimidazolの亜急性毒性試験 673 680 EN Masao Hidaka Physiological and biochemical data in rat injected subacute toxicity dose of 4-M-1were investigated. Obtained results were as follows. Some rats had hypertrophic liver after intraperitoneal injection, but had no biochemical difference from others that hypertrophy was not observed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 虚血性心疾患治療薬の心筋内血流分布におよぼす影響(交叉熱電対法による実験的研究) 605 620 EN Kazuhiro Hirano Effect of anti-anginal drugs on the distribution of blood flow in the left ventricular free wall has been studied using thirty anesthetized open-chest dogs. The regional myocardial blood flows in the inner-(subendocardial) and outer-(sub-epicardial) layer were continuously monitored by heated cross-thermocouples designed according to Grayson's heat exchange principle. The techniques used were essentially the same as that described by Uchida (1970). The antianginal drug (nitroglycerin, 20 μg/Kg; prenylamine, 1 mg/Kg; dipyridamole, 0.3 mg/Kg; or dilazep, 0.2 mg/Kg) was administered intravenously. The results were as follows: (1) No difference in the regional myocardial blood flow between the inner- and outer-layer was observed. The flow ratio of the inner- to the outer-layer (I/O ratio) was 0.97±0.17. (2) Nitroglycerin produced a slight decrease in the flow through the inner-layer in spite of a remarkable drop in coronary perfusion pressure, while it did a marked decrease through the outer-layer. As the result, I/O ratio was significantly elevated after the injection. (3) Prenylamine produced a moderate increase in the flow through the both layers in spite of a remarkable fall in the coronary perfusion pressure. The ratio was rather elevated after a significant initial decline. (4) Dipyridamole caused a marked increase in the flow through the both layers, whereas I/O ratio was only minimaly lowered. (5) A change similar to that caused by dipyridamole was observed except a slight elevation of the ratio from 20 to 30 minutes when dilazep was injected. As mentioned above, these anti-anginal drugs produced different effects on the flow in the both layers. One of the explanation of these differences observed might be that these drugs have different effects on sites of coronary vessels, large intramural conductive vessels or small resistive vessels. Another explanation could be that these drugs cause different effects on the systemic hemodynamics. For the studies on effect of anti-anginal drugs on the intramyocardial distribution of blood flow, it is necessary that the regional myocardial blood flow must be monitored continuously since the intramyocardial distribution of the blood flow can be changed from time to time after the administration. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 本態性高血圧症による左心室肥大心電図と運動負荷心電図 593 604 EN Takeshi Minato The exercise electrocardiogram of the patients with left ventricular hypertrophy was studied, especially on its STT change. Seventy six patients with essential hypertension, who were under good control, were included for the study. They were 52 males and 24 females. Their ages ranged from 33 to 70 years (the average was 51.6±7.8 years of age). The patients were divided into four groups according to changes in ST segment and T wave on standard 12 lead ECG (Ⅲ, aVR were excluded): Group A consisted of 10 subjects, whose ECG showed so-called "Strain Pattern"; Group B included 22 subjects, showing ischemic depression less than 0.5 mm below the isoelectric line or low T wave (T/R≦1/20 and R≧10mm); Group C included 17 subjects, junctional depression was equal to or exceeded 1.0 mm; Group D included 27 subjects without marked STT change. Twenty healthy men (6 males and 14 females) were studied as control. They ranged in age from 20 to 62 (the average was 36.7 ± 14.1 years of age). As a rule, they were subjected to the Master's test (double two step). In the pre-exercise electrocardiogram of Group A, QRS voltage, LAD and QT ratio were significantly greater than any other groups. In the post-exercise electrocardiogram, Group A showed chiefly T wave changes without ST deviation. I could not find any cases in the group with positive responce. Therefore, the "Strain Pattern" with marked QRS high voltage might be secondary STT changes. On the other hand, patients in Group B and D showed mainly ST changes and most of them were determined to have positive responce of the test. So, the STT changes without marked QRS high voltage might be primary changes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 躁うつ病における血清ドーパミン-β-水酸化酵素活性 571 591 EN Hironori Morita The serum DBH (Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase) activity in a total of 177 individuals was determined in this study during the period from June 1974 to June 1975. The subjects were 103 manic-depressive psychosis patients and 43 patients with other diseases who had visited the Neurology Department of the Hiroshima City Hospital and 31 healthy subjects included for comparison. Among the 103 manic-depressive psychosis cases, there were 55 cases, 40 with unipolar depression and 15 with bipolar depression, in whom determination of activity was made during both the depressive and remission phases. Further, in 25 unipolar depression and 6 bipolar depression cases, the diurnal variation of activity was measured and studied in detail. The following results were obtained from the above findings. 1. There was marked individual difference in serum DBH activity. Great individual difference was observed in healthy persons also, but in the same individual the value obtained by repeat test perform 9 months after the initial test showed almost the same result and the rate of variation was less than ± 10% . 2. Comparison of the mean values of serum DBH activity among various diseases showed the values to be high in the order of schizophrenia, neurosis, unipolar depression and bipolar depression, but the differences from healthy persons were not significant. 3. Variation in serum DBH activity in manic-depressive psychosis strongly suggested the heterogeneity of unipolar and bipolar depressions. Further it was also assumed that there were heterogeneous diseases mixed among the unipolar or bipolar depression cases, and thus further subclassification was performed. 4. Cases with unipolar depression were classified into 3 groups according to whether the differece in value of serum DBH activity was significantly higher in the depressive phase than the remission phase (Group Ⅰ), unchanged (Group Ⅱ) and significantly lowere (Group Ⅲ). The respective clinical characteristics were as follows: Group Ⅰ consisted of 40% of the unipolar depression cases, was made up predominantly of women and a strong feeling of anxiety prevailed, but the subjects responded well to tricyclic antidepressants. Group Ⅱ was composed of 32.5%, the subjects were highly irritant and many did not respond well to tricyclic antidepressants. Group Ⅲ consisted of 27.5%, was made up predominantly of males, severe psychomotor retardation was present and the subjects responded well to tricylic antidepressants. 5. All cases with bipolar depression presented the characteristic finding of lower activity values during the depressive phase than the remission phase. Cases with manic phase activity values lower than the remission phase were classified as Group Ⅰ and those with higher values Group Ⅱ. The respective clinical characteristics were as follows: Group Ⅰ was composed of 69.2% of the bipolar depression cases of whom many changed to mania within a short period of time after their depressive phase making it appear as if the depressive and manic phases were one single continuous phase. Group Ⅱ was composed of 30.8% and was frequently found in those with a marked manic phase only or in those whom the manic or depressive phase developed independently. 6. The diurnal variation of serum DBH activity in manic-depressive psychosis was not of a fixed pattern such as being low in the morning and high at noon. However, many presented a similar rhythm for both the depressive and remission phases of the disease, but the rate of diurnal variation was greater during the depressive or manic phase than the remission phase. The rate of diurnal variation during the remission phase was about ± 10%. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 リンパ球膜の抗原性に関する研究第2編マウス感作実験 553 570 EN Hidehiro Kobashi Further investigation concerned on the antigenicity of the lymphocyte membrane was performed in this paper using C57B1 mice and purified lymphocyte membranes which were preparated from either calf thymic lymphocyte (TM) or bovine intestinal lymphnode lymphocyte (LM). The detail of the methods for the purification of lymphocyte membrane were described in the part Ⅰ of this article. Intraperitoneal injection of 5, 10 or 100γ of lymphocyte membrane was performed once a week untill 5 weeks. The peripheral blood pictures, diameter of lymphocyte, histological studies on the thymus, lymphnode and spleen, serum protein electrophoresis, immunoelectrosyneresis, RFC and PHA reactivity were examined in these immunized mice. The lymphocytes both in the peripheral blood and lymphatic organs were diminished profoundly in the mice immunized with TM. Especially the lymphocytes in the T dependent area of spleen and lymphnode as well as in the cortical area of the thymus decreased intensively in contrasting with a decrease of B cell area of spleen and lymphnode in the mice immunized with LM. The lymphocyte depletion in the lymphoid organs of the mice immunized with 100γ LM had a similar pattern to those of mice immunized with TM indicating the contamination of TM into the LM preparation up to approximately 6-8%. Temporary increase of α1-globulin, α2-globulin and α3-globulin in this order was noted in serum of the mice immunized with TM, being followed by hypergammaglobulinemia. On the other hand an increase of α3-globulin and then of γ-globulin appeared rapidly in the mice immunized with LM. The discrepancies on the tissue reaction and protein fraction of these two groups suggested the difference of antigenicity between TM and LM on the activation of antibody-forming system. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 慢性骨髄性白血病の免疫学的研究第二編体液性免疫の検討 545 551 EN Po-min Chen To study the humoral reactivity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), the author examined immunoglobuline levels, immune adherence hemagglutination test (IAHA) and lymphocytotoxicity test on the 24 patients admitted to our clinic. The following data were obtained: 1) The 19 patients, whose serum immunoglobuline levels were examined, were all within normal range with mean values of IgA 203±74mg/dl, IgG 1463±275mg/dl and IgM 182±67mg/dl. 2) IAHA was positive in 4 of 24 patients (16.7%) and the reactivity was correlated with the number of peripheral leukemic cells used as antigen; it was positive in 3 of 9 patients (33.3%) with leukemic cells over 4×10(4)/μ 1, but in only one of 15 patients (6.7%) with leukemic cells below 4×10(4)/μ 1. The IAHA test was also correlated with the disease state; none of 4 patients (0%) during blastic crisis of CML showed a positive reaction to their own leukemic cells. 3) Sera from 12 of 17 patients (70.6%) showed a positive lymphocytotoxicity to normal lymphocytes. In its correlation with the disease state, it was positive in 8 of 13 patients (61.5%) during remission and in all the patients (100%) during relapse. From these results it could be concluded that humoral immunity in CML is not so impaired through the clinical course except for blastic crisis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 慢性骨髄性白血病の免疫学的研究第一編細胞性免疫の検討 535 543 EN Po-min Chen Cell-mediated immunity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was investigated by means of three kinds of skin tests, including purified protein derivated of tuberculin (PPD), candida and dinitrochrolobenzene (DNCB), and macrophage migration inhibitory test (MIT). Immunological examinations were made on 21 patients with CML, who have been admitted to our hospital or controled in our outpatient department since October 1974, at the same, 20 healthy adults were used as control study. The following results were obtained: Ⅰ. Skin tests: 1) Thirteen (61.9%) of 21 patients showed positive reactions to the PPD at least once throughout clinical course of each patient, while positive in 18 (90.0%) of 20 controls. 2) Candida test was attempted on a total of 13 patients. One (7.7%) of these 13 patients showed positive reaction to the candida, while positive in 9 (45.0%) of 20 healthy subjects. 3) Seven (41.2%) of 17 patients showed positive reactions to the DNCB sensitization, while all of 20 controls proved to be positive. 4) The results of PPD skin test were analyzed according to the stages in clinical course of each individual. Positive reactions were obtained from 50% of the patients at pretreatment stage, 66.6% at remission stage, 20% at relapse stage and 16.6% at blastic crisis. 5) The PPD skin test changed from negative, or false positive, to positive in 5 of 21 cases who had achieved remission during the observation period, while it changed from positive to negative in one case who had relapsed during the same period. It kept positive in 4 of 8 cases who had maintained remission, and kept negative in one relapsing case having failed to achieve remission. In 2 of 6 cases who had a blastic crisis during the observation period, it was positive before the crisis and became false positive after the crisis. According to these results a significant correlation was found between PPD and clinical stage of CML. Ⅱ. Macrophage migration inhibitory test (MIT): 1) In the preliminary studies, the optimal ratio was determined that 10(6) lymphocytes react properly to 0.1ml antigen fluid, which is equivalent to 0.11-0.03μ g of protein level and is extracted from the leukemic cells by means of sonication. 2) Eight (53.3%) of 17 patients were regarded as positive in allo-antigen system of MIT and 5 (55.5%) of 9 patients in auto-antigen system. Because of the difficulty of collecting lymphocytes, all MIT were conducted only in the remission stage of each patient. From these results, the following conclusion can be made. Cellular immunity in CML is somewhat impaired at pretreatment or relapsing stage. It is, however, repaired mostly at remission stage and it has a close correlation to clinical stage of CML. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 昭和47年度および48年度 Acatalasemia, Hypocatalasemia 調査集計 527 534 EN Tohru Tanaka Shigeo Takahara Yoshio Ogura Yu Masuda Kiyoshi Arakawa Hideo Kasai Wataru Tani Kanji Shiba Yasuo Kuroda Kaneko Okamoto Koji Ohkura The authors reported the results of field survey on acatalasemia and hypocatalasemia during the year of 1972 and 1973. Seventeen hypocatalasemias were seen in the test of 7,475 individuals at Oahu Is. of Hawaii, U.S.A. Among them two Englishmen, one Portugese and three Filipinos were included. One new acatalasemia case was reported in 1972. Consequently, the total of reported acatalasemias were 97 cases of 47 families by the end of 1973. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 円形肺胞壁細胞の封入体の本態についての光顕的―と電顕的研究 515 526 EN Kiichi Suwa Light and electron microscope studies on the spheroid alveolar epithelial cells of the lung in mice were conducted. By the light microscopy it was found that in the case of the intraperitoneal injection of H(3)-thymidine, S(35)-DL-cysteine and S(35)-H(2)SO(4) into mice, most of siliver particles deposit in the cytoplasm and nucleus of spheroid alveolar cells. In observing this phenomenon by the electron tracers, the above tracers enter not only into the nucleus but also into mitochondria, degenerated mitochondria, and into inclusion bodies of myelin-type or lamellar microbodies in the cytoplasm of the spheroid alveolar cells. From these results it is understood that the inclusion body not clarified at present is formed by the degeneration of mitochondria. This inclusion body seems to be a kind of cytolysomes and by various enzymes contained in it, nucleic acids, proteins, mucopolysaccharides, phosphoric acid ester, and glucuronide are dissolved and finally they are reduced into the myeline figure substance as the endproduct. The endproduct is to be secreted into the alveolar lumen from the spheroid alveolar cell. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 動脈壁の弾性成分の構造の光顕的ーと電顕的検査及びその構造の機能的形成機序について 505 513 EN Kiichi Suwa From both the light and electron microscope observations of histological structure and mechanisms of contruction of arterial wall, the functional, formative mechanisms of elastic membrane of arterial wall may be explained as follows: The fundamental type of artery is the muscular-type artery in which the chain of smooth muscle cells runs criss-cross wise from left to right or vice versa in Archimedes spiral formation as viewed from the upper surface. That further differentiates and the chain disintegrates, resulting in individual smooth muscle cells bridging between the elastic membranes to form an elastic-type artery. In the case of the muscle-type artery of a relatively high differentiation, the smooth muscle cell chain is divided into equal parts each of which forms an individual Archimedes segment composed of original elastic components. In the case of elastic-type artery within such a segment, cells become individual smooth muscle cells. The elastic component ejected from the cytoplasm of each smooth muscle cell forms the elastic fiber sheath by its kinetic movement. This sheath in the muscle-type is divided into two equal numbers in the center of the above segment, and longitudinal sheath-segments of about one fourth of the original size separate to left and right, then at the horizontal level they form Archimedes segments with the original elastic networks by attaching themselves to the anterior-posterior surfaces and the lateral surface. However, only the inner layer of the internal elastic membrane is formed by the elastic prefibers of high ascending angle produced by endothel cells. In the case of elastic-type artery, the elastic sheath containing the individual smooth muscle cell is similarly divided into two equal parts at the center, which are further split up longitudinally that reinforce the original elastic network to form an elastic membrane. In each elastic sheath there are formed a spiral ascending fiber in the direction of the longitudinal axis and a fiber of approximately circular shape, the former of which becomes an ascending fiber and the latter becomes the longitudinal fiber of the elastic membrane. Therefore, the ascending angle of fiber of the elastic membrane is equal at the opposite surface of the stroma. In addition, the reason why the ascending angle of fiber is higher in the outer-layer fiber than in the inner-layer fiber is because the twisting phenomenon by contracting movement of the smooth muscle cells is stronger in those of the outer layer and the ascending angle of the fiber of elastic sheath is lower in the outer side. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 弾性型動脈と筋型動脈の光顕的ーと電顕的検査及びそれらの構造の機能的形成機序 497 504 EN Kiichi Suwa The arterial wall is all consisted of the chain of fibroblasts that run stereoscopically crisscrossing with each other in the Archimedes spiral formation, as viewed from the upper surface, originating from the endothel cells in the initial embryonic stage, and also with the heterogenous fibroblasts that continue in the same spiral direction. The endothel cells form the elastic prefibers of the subendothelial layer, while the fibroblasts of tunica media which form Archimedes spiral, construct elastic and collagenous fibers and transform into smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, heterogenous fibroblasts construct collagenous and elastic fibers of tunica adventitia. This chain of the smooth muscle cells of tunica media that retains Archimedes spiral, as viewed from the upper surface, is the muscular-type artery and the one that has differentiated and each smooth muscle cells have bridged between elastic membranes is the elastic-type artery. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 88 7-8 1976 静脈壁と胸管壁の弁膜の形成機構についての理論的研究 493 496 EN Kiichi Suwa The height, the size and the interval space of the valves of the vena saphena magna and the ductus thoracicus of adult dogs were measured. As a result it was found that except for a slight difference the height of the valves could be represented by 1/4 wave length, and the interval space between the upper margins of the valves by 1/2 wave length. Such a slight difference seems to be due to the difference in the growth of the venous and thoracic duct wall. From the vascular structure the structural mechanisms of the valves have been described hemodynamically. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 高圧窒素ボンベによる肝細胞核及び腹水肝癌細胞核の破砕とRNAポリメラーゼ活性におよぼす影響 387 391 EN Hiromasa Misumi 細胞核の破砕方として高圧窒素ガスボンベを用いて,その破砕効果を検討した.ラット肝細胞核を窒素で加圧,解除によって破砕した. 3mM MgCl(2)の存在下では末破壊核,核小体が残った. 0.02mM MgCl(2)存在下ではこれらは完全に破壊された. AH-130細胞核をRNAポリメラーゼ抽出のために超音波処理すると,RNAポリメラーゼは失活した. 他方,同様の条件下で高圧窒素ガスの加圧及び解除によって失活することなくRNAポリメラーゼを抽出した. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 大脳皮質電気活動の同期化における視床腹外側核の関与について-ヒトとネコにおける電気生理学的研究- 373 385 EN Hiroichi Beck Spindle-like afterdischarges evoked by stimulation of ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and spontaneous spindle waves were analized to investigate the electrophysiological mechanism of cortical synchronized activities in man as well as in cat. In man, three positive and three negative waves, namely Ⅰ-P, Ⅰ-N, Ⅱ-P, Ⅱ-N, Ⅲ-P and Ⅲ-N, were observed as cortical evoked responses after single stimulation of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus. And Ⅳ-P and Ⅳ-N were observed after the stronger stimulation which could provoke augmenting response with the repetitive volley. Later components of evoked cortical responses were investigated in cat immobilized under local anesthasia. Recording electrole was located on the anterior sigmoid gyrus. As the intensity of the thalamic stimulation was increased, afterdischarges of the negative waves, which appeared with long latency (about 200 msec.), increased in number and developed into spindle-like pattern with notches on afterdischarges. The long latencied negative wave in cat and Ⅳ-N in man were considered to correspond to Lehtinen's "precursor of the evoked spindle activity". It has been already reported by Miyamoto that Ⅳ-N was supposed to play an important role in augmenting response in man. Close relationship was indicated between augmenting response and spindle-like afterdischarges. Futhermore, the similarities of the pattern between spindle-like afterdischarges following thalamic stimulation and spontaneous spindle waves in cat, and attenuation of ipsilateral spontaneous spindle waves after destruction of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus in cat as well as in man were also observed. From these facts these cortical synchronized activities, namely AR, spindle-like afterdischarges and spontaneous spindle waves were considered to be brought by similar neuronal mechanism with some varieties of synchronization ascribed to arousal levels under influences of activities of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus. On the other hand, spindle-like afterdischarges and spontaneous spindle waves in cat were analized for investigating their waxing and waning phenomena. Notches were observed on each waves. When the wave grew with maximal amplilude in a train of spindle, the notch of the wave became obscure. The phenomenon was considered that the notch was synchronized with the wave, forming maximal amplilude of the wave in a train of spindle. In other words, mechanism of this phenomenon was supposed to be explained as a beat of two rhythmic activities slightly different in frequency. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 液体クロマトグラフィーによる脳グアニジノ化合物の分析に関する研究 363 371 EN Mitsuhiko Hosotani 1. Guanidino compounds, taurocyamine, glycocyamine, α-N-acetyl-L-arginine, β-guanidinopropionic acid, γ-guanidino-β-hydroxybutyric acid, γ-guanidinobutyric acid, γ-hydroxyarginine, arginine and γ-guanidinobutyramide, were analysed by the automatic guanidino compound analysing system, based on liquid chromatography with an ion exchange resine LCR-1 (or Aminex A-5) column and Sakaguchi reaction. 2. The concentrations of taurocyamine, glycocyamine, γ-guanidinobutyric acid and arginine in rodent brain tissue were determind. On the other hand, five unknown peaks with positive Sakaguchi reaction were observed in the rabbit brain. 3. Guanidino compounds level in liver, kidney, serum and urine of rabbit were determined and compeared with in brain. 4. It was observed that γ-guanidinobutyric acid in the rabbit brain was increased, and on the contrary, taurocyamine, glycocyamine and arginine were decreased during convulsion induced by Metrazol injection. 5. Arginine and taurocyamine levels in the El-mouse were tended to increase atfer having the convulsive disposition. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 悪性腫瘍患者の血清糖蛋白に関する臨床的研究第2編悪性腫瘍患者の血清α(1)-Acid glycoprotein及びα(1)-Antitrypsinと治療及び予後との関係について 349 361 EN Taisuke Onoshi Serial determinations of serum α(1)-acid glycoprotein (α(1)-AG) and α(1)-antitrypsin (α(1)-AT) were performed in 43 cases with lung cancer and 25 cases with stomach cancer during therapeutic procedures, and in 31 courses of remission induction-chemotherapies of 23 cases with malignant lymphoma. These studies reveal that changes in serum α(1)-AG levels during chemotherapy would be an index to the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents for malignant neoplasms because it has been shown that α(1)-AG levels changed in intimate relation to neoplastic processes in almost all the cases of lung or stomach cancer. Especially, in malignant lymphoma, changes in α(1)-AG levels during the clinical course showed such a close relation to vicissitudes of lymphadenopathy that serial determinations of this glycoprotein was regarded as a reliable index not only for the efficacy of chemotherapy but also for the early detection of relapse prior to the manifestations of clinical symptoms. On the other hand, changes in α(1)-AT levels did not correlate to the progression of canecrous lesions in almost half the cases recieving various chemotherapeutic agents and corticosteroids. It was considered that these agents, especially corticosteroids, might be directly concerned with metabolism of this glycoprotein. In patients with lung or stomach cancer who did not obtain any clinical improvement during chemotherapy, significant correlation was observed between α(1)-AG as well as α(1)-AT levels prior to chemotherapy and their life spans. Therefore, it was possible to set up a regression line of life spans against these glycoprotein levels and life spans of ineffective cases to chemotherapy could be estimated roughly according to this regression line. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 悪性腫瘍患者の血清糖蛋白に関する臨床的研究第1編悪性腫瘍の進展度と血清α(1)-Acid glycoprotein及びα(1)-Antitrypsin値について 331 348 EN Taisuke Onoshi Serum α(1)-acid glycoprotein (α(1)-AG) and α(1)-antitrypsin (α(1)-AT) levels were measured in 30 controls, 57 patients with nonmalignant disease and 249 patients with malignant neoplasm of various sites and stages. An almost parallel increase of these glycoproteins was observed in patients with advanced cancer except hepatoma, but in cases with localized lesion these serum levels remained normal. In 85 patients with lung cancer and 49 with stomach cancer, considerable relationship was observed between the serum levels of these glycoproteins and degree of progression of cancerous lesions. Therefore, it seems that these glycoprotein levels are a relible index for staging malignant diseases. In Hodgkin's disease, however, there was no relationship between these serum levels and its clinical stage, but these glycoprotein levels in B cases of Hodgkin's disease were significantly elevated than in A cases. Evaluation of these glycoproteins would serve as a diagnostic means in patients with hepatomegaly and/or jaundice, since in patients with hepatoma α(1)-AG levels are decreased and α(1)-AT levels are elevated, in patients with metastatic liver cancer both of them are significantly elevated and in cirrhosis of the liver α(1)-AG levels are clearly decreased and α(1)-AT levels remain normal. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 Crohn病の2症例 323 330 EN Michio Yamamoto Kaname Aono Etsuro Kawase Katsuhiko Sugita Toyosato Tamai Hisao Takagi Kazuhiko Ehara Naomi Katsumata Sosuke Iida We encountered a 24-year old female with a swelling and severe pain in the hypogastric region as her main complaints and another 32-year old male with hypogastric pain persisting for several years as main complaint. On the x-ray examinations of the gastrointestinal tract of these two cases, both of them were suspected of Crohns disease, and they were subjected to surgical operation. As to a result of pathohistological examinations they were definitively diagnosed as case of Crohns disease. As to the definition of Crohns disease opinions differ even today, but we presented of our findings on these two cases as well as our review on the x-ray pictures on Crohns disease available in the literature. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 乳癌嫌発系AKRマウスに自然発生した乳癌に関する研究第3編乳癌の組織培養細胞に観察されたウィルス粒子の電子顕微鏡的研究 315 322 EN Hideo Harada This report is concerned with electronmicroscopic studies on tissue culture cells obtained from a spontaneous mammary carcinoma and it's serially transplanted tumors of AKR mice. Numerous type C virus particles were observed in A-419 line, A-319 line, and A-162 line of tissue culture cells. These particles showed a gradual decrease during the serial passages in vitro. This finding is interesting in view of the fact that numerous type A and B particles but no type C particles were observed in the tumors from which those tissue culture cells were derived. In contrast, mature type B particles were observed in A-600 line tissue culture cells, whereas only a few immature type B particles were observed in the 26th transplant generation of the tumor from which A-600 line cells were derived. The results obtained suggest a possible interference between type A and B particles and type C particles. Bioassays of tissue culture fluids from A-419, A-162, and A-600 lines induced neither leukemia nor mammary carcinoma in test mice. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 乳癌嫌発系AKRマウスに自然発生した乳癌に関する研究第2編乳癌の組織培養細胞の形態学的研究 307 314 EN Hideo Harada This report is concerned with morphological studies on tissue culture cells derived from a spontaneous mammary carcinoma and it's serially transplanted tumors of AKR mice. Four lines of tissue culture cells were obtained. A-419 and A-319 lines of cells were obtained from the fourth transplant generation of the tumor (adenocarcinoma), A-600 line of cells were obtained from the 26th transplant generation of the tumor (sarcomatous), and A-162 line of cells were from the adenocarcinoma produced by back-transplantation of primary culture cells of A-419 line cells to AKR mice. These four lines of tissue culture cells showed similar morphology and distribution, mixed growth of both epithelial cells and fibroblastic cells. Back-transplantation of primary culture cells of A-419 and A-319 lines to AKR mice produced adenocarcinomas, but A-319 line cells of later passages (28th, 29th, 31st, and 35th passage) and A-600 line cells produced sarcomas when transplanted back to AKR and C(3)Hf mice. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the sarcomatous transformation; 1) transformation of carcinoma cells to sarcoma cells and 2) malignant change of interstitial connective tissue cells during serial passages of the culture cells. The second mechanism was considered to be most probable in the present case. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 乳癌嫌発系AKRマウスに自然発生した乳癌に関する研究第1編原発腫瘍および動物継代移植腫瘍に観察されたウィルス粒子の電子顕微鏡的研究 297 306 EN Hideo Harada This report is concerned with histological and electronmicroscopic studies on a spontaneous mammary carcinoma of AKR mice which are known to be high leukemic and low cancer strain. Followings are the conclusions obtained. 1) The spontaneous mammary carcinoma was type B adenocarcinoma according to Dunn's classification. The histology was similar to those frequently observed in mammary carcinoma of high cancer strain of mice such as C(3)H, RIII, and DBA mice. Electronmicroscopic studies revealed many type A virus particles around the cytoplasmic vacuoles or free in the cytoplasm, and numerous type B virus particles In the acinar spaces. In addition, a few type B virus particles were observed in the cytoplasmic vacuoles and in the intercellular spaces. Morphology, distribution, and formation process of these virus particles were similar to those observed in mammary carcinoma of high cancer strain of mice and some of low cancer strain of mice. These results indicate that there exist "milk factor" in low cancer strain of mice as well as in high cancer strain of mice and that the factor can induce mammary carcinoma even in low cancer strain of mice when hormonal and other environmental factors are abequate. 2) Serial electronmicroscopic observations of the original and serially transplanted mammary carcinoma of AKR mice disclosed a gradual decrease in numbers and only a few immature type B virus particles were observed after the 21st generation. These findings were ascribed to the sarcomatous transformation and loss of acinar spaces observed during the serial transplantation of the original mammary carcinoma.. 3) The original mammary carcinoma of AKR mice harbored numerous type A and type B virus particles. Type C particles, however, were hardly observed. In tissue culture cells derived from the tumor, in contrast, numerous type C virus particles were observed and type B virus particles were hardly found. These findings were considered to suggest that there is an interference between type B and type C virus particles in AKR mice. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 ラットの実験的肝炎―組織学的ならびに免疫学的研究 277 296 EN Kanji Oka In an attempt to study auto-immune phenomenon in the course of development of chronic hepatitis, the sensitization with homologous liver and Freunds complete adjuvant as well as the passive transfer of sensitized spleen cells were conducted with rats. As a result it was found that by the sensitization with homologous liver and Freunds complete adjuvant a marked round cell infiltration and the stellate cell reaction were observed in Glissons capsule and sinusoid of the liver as compared with control group, and with a few cases there was observed lymphoid focus in Glissons capsule. By the passive transfer of sensitized spleen cells, there could be detected the infiltration of round cells in Glissons capsule and sinusoid of the liver and in a few cases liver cell necrosis mainly of piecemeal necrosis. In the subsequent observations on blood anti-liver antibody, intratissue γ-globulin as well as the localization of anti-liver antibody, there could be recognized no significant corre lations to the above-mentioned histological changes of liver, but in the culture of sensitized rat peripheral lymphocytes conductes in the presence of liver antigen there was observed a significant blast-like transformation as compared with control group. From these experimental results with rats it seems that the lymphoid focus and piecemeal necrosis observable in Glissons capsule of the liver in human liver diseases can also be said fairly safely to be the histological expression of auto-immune phenomenon. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 N-Nitrosobutylureaによる淋巴肉種の発生および進展に関する研究第2編免疫能におよぼす影響について 265 276 EN Tameyo Tanzi The induction and development of tumors by chemical carcinogens are explained by the correlation of the tumor antigen and host. Especially the immunity of the host is regarded as important. Therefore, the immunological effect on the host was studied. 1. The serum protein analysis showed an increase of β(2)-globulin due to an increase of transferrin and decrease of γ-globulin suggesting a decline of immunity. 2. The plaque forming cells of the spleen and thymus four days after a single i.p. injection of 0.2ml of 20 percent sheep red cells were decreased from the early stage of administion of NBU and markedly decreased already before the induction of tumors and were very rare during the tumor growth. 3. The hemolysin and hemagglutinin titers four days after a single i.p. injection of 0.2ml of 20- percent sheep red cells also showed similar changes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 N-Nitrosobutylureaによる淋巴肉腫の発生および進展に関する研究第1編組織,細胞学的所見を中心として 249 264 EN Tameyo Tanzi In order to study the carcinogenicity and its mechanism of N-Nitrosobutylurea (NBU), 10 week old RF mice was abministrated with 0.025% NBU water solution as drinking water every day. 1. Thymoma was induced after an average latency of 93 days and average rate of the tumor induction was 88.6%. Both sexes were equally susceptible. 2. Histologically thymoma was lymphosarcoma and other lymphatic organs also showed lymphosarcoma. However leukemic signs were not found in the peripheral blood and by clinical tissue culture. 3. Leukemia virus was not found in the electron microscpic observation and cell free transmission of leukemia was unsuccessfull. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 Methylcholanthrene投与後発癌過程における宿主の免疫系ないしは生体防禦機構について 241 247 EN Norihiko Terada On the administration of methylcholanthrene (MCA) to mice there can be observed a decrease in the plaque forming cells (PFC) from early stage, and in the post-administration week 5, at the time considered to be of precancerous stage the decrease in PFC number is most marked, being at the minimal level of 55.6% as compared with that of the control (untreated mice). In other words, the administration of MCA reduces the PFC number of spleen cells in mice and it markedly suppresses the immunological activity of normal mice. This indicates that MCA is appreciably involved in the immunity to carcinogenesis. On the other hand, the activity of allogeneic inhibition in the precancerous stage is maintained during the period between MCA administration and the time of cancer development. However, the allogeneic inhibition activity decreases by 8 weeks after MCA administration, the time when the tumor has grown to the size macroscopically visible. This finding suggests that the activity of the allogeneic inhibition is associated more with the proliferation rather than with oncogenesis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 85 7-8 1973 人癌由来初代培養細胞に対する人リンパ節細胞の抗増殖性に関する研究 231 240 EN Masami Kobayashi The present study was conducted to determine the concomitant immunity in cancer patients by culturing lymph node cells obtained from various cancer patients with the primary cultured tumor cells derived from human cancer and the following results were obtained. 1. The primary cultures were conducted with 42 cases of gastric cancer, 12 of mammary cancer, 8 of cancerous thoracic fluid, 5 of cancerous ascites, 2 of metastatic hepatoma, 2 of thyroid cancer and 7 others. Among them there were 29 cases where the sufficient number of free cells were obtained by the same type of culture so that there were enough viable tumor cells attached on the culture vessel wall to harvest. 2. Effects of autochthonous lymph nodes on human primary cultured cancer cells : From the total of 22 cases comprising 9 cases of gastric cancer, 6 of mammary cancer, 2 of metastatic hepatoma, one of thyroid cancer, 2 of cancerous thoracic fluid and 2 of cancerous ascites, 30 series of cytotoxicity tests were conducted by mixing each of them with autochthonous lymph node cells mainly prepared with lymph nodes obtained at surgical operation. During the mixed culture for the period of 24 hours to 72 hours the cases where the autochthonous lymph node cells had shown anti-proliferative effect on the primary cutured cells amounted to 12/30 cases (70%), and those that showed a proliferative effect instead amounted to 1/30 cases (3.3%). 3. Effects of autochthonous lymph nodes according to their sites on human primary cultured cancer cells : Considering the sites of tumors, the lymph nodes collected were roughly divided into the regional lymph nodes and distant lymph nodes, and looking at their anti-proliferative effect 7/13 cases (54%) of the regional lymph nodes and 14/17 cases (82.4%) of the distant lymph nodes had shown the anti-proliferative effect. 4. Effect of allogeneic lymph nodes on the primary cancer cells derived from human patients: There were 30 lines of mixed cultures of allogeneic lymph node cells and the human primary cultured cancer cells, and of them 11/30 cases (36.7%) showed anti-proliferative effect. By dividing lymph nodes according to cancer patients and non-cancer patients 8/16 cases (50%) in the former had anti-proliferative effect while 3/14 cases (21.4%) in the latter group. From these findings it may be said that there is concomitant immunity established in human cancer and lymph nodes act inhibitorily on tumor. Moreover, most cases having larger tumors are in the terminal stage of cancer, and there can be observed a decrease-disappearance of immunity of regional lymph nodes in such cases. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 硫酸抱合型bilirubinに関する研究第2編各種肝疾患患者の胆汁中bilirubin sulfate分画の臨床的意義 697 706 EN Yutaka Watanabe Clinical significance of the components of direct bilirubin in bile was investigated on the basis of the relation between bilirubin sulfate fraction in bile and serological liver function tests in various liver diseases. Forty-three examined cases were consisted of eight cases with cholecystopathy, seven cases with acute hepatitis, nine cases with chronic hepatitis, seven cases with cirrhosis of the liver, four cases with Gilbert's syndrome and eight normal subjects, and their bile were collected with duodenal tube. The sulfate radical in direct bilirubin was quantitatively determined by Weber & Schalm's method and the molar ratio of sulfate radical to bilirubin was calculated. The following results were obtained. 1) No difference was observed between male and female, and among the age of patients on the molar ratios of sulfate to bilirubin. 2) The molar ratio of glucuronic acid to ester-form bilirubin was inversely proportional to that of sulfate radical to direct bilirubin. 3) The mean molar ratio of sulfate radical to direct bilirubin was found to be 0.10 in normal subjects, 0.08 in the cases with cholecystopathy, 0.27 in chronic hepatitis, 0.39 in acute hepatitis, 0.51 in liver cirrhosis and 0.48 in Gilbert's syndrome. The each values of liver diseases was significantly higher than normal subjects, and no difference between normal subjects and the cases with cholecystopathy. 4) Significant correlation was observed between the molar ratio of sulfate radical to direct bilirubin and following items, that is, ZnTT, TTT and γ-globulin; but no correlation between the molar ratio of sulfate radical to direct bilirubin and S-GOT, S-GPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin and BSP retention test. These results suggest that the sulfate conjugation of bilirubin was compensated as compared to the disturbance of glucuronide formation of bilirubin in liver parenchymal damage. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 硫酸抱合型bilirubinに関する研究第1編 Heterozygote Gunn ratの胆汁中への硫酸抱合型bilirubinの排泄能 687 696 EN Yutaka Watanabe The nature of biochemically synthetic bilirubin sulfate was examined on detail, and bilirubin sulfate and bilirubin glucuronide were measured in bile of heterozygote Gunn rat and Wister strain rat. Further, after the intrvenous injection of (3)H-bilirubin sulfate into heterozygote Gunn rats and Wister strain rats, the biliary excretion rate of bilirubin sulfate was studied in them. The following results were gained by these studies. 1) The absorption peak was 452 nm in the synthetic bilirubin sulfate solution, pH 2.2, and its azo pigment showed each peak absorptions at 535-545 nm in pH 2.0 and at 565-575 nm in pH 1.0. The molar ratio between bilirubin and sulfate in the band of thin layer chromatography showing an Rf of 0.26 was determined from 1.72 to 1.96 with a mean of 1.78±0.09 S.D.. These data suggest that this compound is bilirubin disulfate. 2) In the bile of Gunn rats and Wister strain rats, the molar ratio of glucuronic acid to esterfrom bilirubin was inversely proportional to that of sulfate radical to direct bilirubin (r=-0.74, p<0.05). This implies that the conjugation of bilirubin with sulfate increases compensatedly as compared to the disturbance of that of bilirubin with glucuronic acid. 3) The excretion ratios of 2 hours to 24 hours in the intravenous (3)H-bilirubin sulfate loading were 54.2% in Gunn rats and 63.4% in Wister strain rats. This finding supports the concept that bilirubin sulfate is easily excreted in the bile. The biliary excretion within 24 hours following the administration of bilirubin sulfate was 40.4% in Gunn rats and 69.4% in Wister strain rats, and these excretion rates decreased in parallel with the decrease of molar ratio in bilirubin glucuronide (r=0.96, p<0.01). It is suggested that the ability to excrete bilirubin sulfate may be the limiting factor in the existence of defective hepatic bilirubin glucuronidation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 尿毒症におけるグアニジノ化合物に関する研究 673 686 EN Michiko Matsumoto 1) Eleven guanidino compounds were successively isolated and determined in uremic serum and brain by liquid chromatography using the cation-exchange resin (LCR-2, Jelco) and selecting the proper buffer system for elution. 2) The concentration of total guanidino compounds, including arginine, taurocyamine, glycocyamine, and guanidinosuccinic acid etc., was 143±39nmoles/ml in normal human serum (BUN:7-20mg/dl). 3) The concentration of total guanidino compounds was 296±101nmoles/ml in serum of uremic patient (BUN: 40-161mg/dl). The concentration of taurocyamine and guanidinosuccinic acid were significantly elevated and methylguanidine was detectable in uremic serum. 4) Experimental uremia was induced by bilateral ureteral ligation of rabbit. Forty-eight hours after ligation when blood urea level rose to 90-219mg/dl, the concentration of guanidino compounds, especially taurocyamine and guanidinosuccinic acid, significantly increased. 5) The concentration of total guanidino compounds in norlnal rabbit brain was 359±37nmoles/g and that of γ-guanidino-β-hydroxybutyric acid and γ- guanidinobutyric acid were much higher than in serum. At forty-eight hours after bilateral ureteral ligation, significant increment of taurocyamine and decrease of glycocyamine and arginine were noted. The trace amount of methylguanidine was detected. 6) Generalized tonic and clonic convulsion was observed in the rabbit three minutes after intracisternal injection of methylguanidine (1.5mg/kg b. w.). Seizure discharges were recorded on electrocorticogram of the rabbit and cat, and it was comfirmed that spike activity originated in hippocampus on depth recordings. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 岡山大耳鼻科教室における鼓室成形術の統計と術後聴力―昭和38‐47年の間の手術に関して― 661 671 EN Shizuo Konishi Tohru Tanaka Masami Miki Kyoko Kurokawa Shiro Shibata Shizue Fujii Akiko Fujimura Yoshio Ogura (1) Tympanoplasties were done on 956 ears (789 persons) in our clinic for the past 10 years. (2) 684 operated ears of ages 10 to 29 were 72% in age distribution. (3) In 956 operated ears, the primary operations were 633 and the reoperations were 323. The rate of success of the hearing gain after surgery was 48.7% in the primary operation and was 44.4% in the reoperation. (4) In the primary operation, the conservative type (Wullstein Ⅰ and Ⅱ types) was done on 60.5% and its rate of success of hearing gain after surgery was 61.9%. The rate of success of hearing gain after surgery was 29.5% of the radical type group (Wullstein Ⅲ and Ⅳ types, and modified types). (5) In the reoperation, the conservative type group was done on 29.1%, and its rate of success of hearing gain was 73.0%. The rate of success of hearing gain was 31.3% of the radical type group. (6) As the materials forming the tympanic membrane in the primary operation, the meatal skin flaps were used on 41.3%, the temporal fascia grafts were 35.1%, the thigh skin grafts were 12.8%, the double grafting were 9.8%. The rate of success of hearing gain after surgery was from 55.3% to 48.4% in the temporal fascia graft, meatal skin flap and double grafting, and was 28.0% in the thigh skin graft. In the reoperation, the meatal skin flaps were used on 52.3%, the thigh skin grafts were 17.3%, the double grafting were 15.1%, the temporal fascia graft were 14.6%. The rate of success of hearing gain after surgery was 81.3% in the double grafting, 68.4% in the temporal fascia graft, 32.8% in the meatel skin graft, 28.6% in the thigh skin graft. (7) As the materials of columella of the modified Ⅲ and Ⅳ types in the primary operation, the ossicles were used on 76.3%, the tragal cartilage were on 14.4%. The rate of success of hearing gain after surgery was 41.7% in the tragal cartilage, 27.1% in the ossicles. In the reoperation, the ossicles were used on 36.3%, the tragal caltilage were 40.8%. The rate of success of hearing gain after suergery was 46.2% in ossicles, 42.9% in the tragal cartilage. (8) The closed method was done on 44.7% in the primary operation and 8.4% in the reoperation. On the postoperative situation, the closed method were superior to the open method. (9) The operation technique was described, which was considered to be the most preferable at preset in our clinic. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 尿中Bilirubinに関する研究第2編肝疾患時における尿中Bilirubin phosphate分画の臨床的意義 653 660 EN Takehiko Yamamoto In order to study the clinical significance of urinary bilirubin phosphate fraction, eight cases with acute hepatitis, seven cases with chronic hepatitis, five cases with liver cirrhosis, eight cases with obstructive jaundice and three cases with acute yellow liver atrophy were studied. The comparative study of the percentage of bilirubin phosphate fraction to the ester-form bilirubin and various liver function tests was investigated. Crude direct bilirubin was extracted from the jaundiced urine in the cases of liver diseases and fractionated into ester-form bilirubin by Kosaka-Hara's method and fractionated into three bilirubin fractions by the cellulose powder column chromatography with the solvent system of n- butanol, ethanol and water (4:1:2). The third fraction showed positive phosphate-ester reaction (bilirubin phosphate), and the glucuronic acid was negative in this fraction. 1. Percentages of bilirubin phosphate fraction to total ester-form bilirubin were 26.7 in the acute yellow liver atrophy, 11.27 in liver cirrhosis, 9.24 in the obstructive jaundice, 6.83 in the chronic hepatitis, and 6.09 in the acute hepatitis in each average, respectively. 2. Significant correlation could be found between the percentage of bilirubin phosphate fraction to the ester-form bilirubin and various liver function tests, that is, thymol turbidity test, zinc sulfate turbidity test and the percentage value of serum γ-globulin. 3. The decreasing tendency of the percentage of bilirubin phosphate fraction to the esterform bilirubin could be indicated the improvement of the liver function tests and the course of the disease. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 尿中Bilirubinに関する研究第一編腎よりのBilirubin排泄について 645 651 EN Takehiko Yamamoto In order to elucidate which is the major functional unit, tubulus or glomerulus, on bilirubin excretion into urine, toad (Rana Clamitans) was used for the experiment because the distribution of blood vessels in toads was anatomically well separated to glomerulus and tubulus. (3)H-bilirubin was prepared with Wilzbach's method. Crude direct (3)H-bilirubin was extracted from the rat bile after injection of (3)H-bilirubin dissolved in rat serum into the duodenal canal. Crude direct (3)H-bilirubin were fractionated into three bilirubin fractions named indirect, salt-form and ester-form bilirubin by Kosaka-Hara's method. Change of excretion rate of ester-form bilirubin into urine in various blood pH ranged from 6.4 to 7.4 was investigated from the point of bilirubin-protein binding. The results were as follows; 1. (3)H-radio activity in the urine was bound with the indirect bilirubin at the rate of 85.78% in average and with the ester-form bilirubin at the rate of 93.81% in average. 2. Ester-form bilirubin was excreted into the urine 1.69% in average by loading it to the renal portal vein, in the other hand, that of indirect bilirubin was 0.57% in average, in the first 5 minutes after loading. 3. Loading bilirubins to the renal artery, ester-form bilirubin was excreted into the urine, 10.60%, in average, indirect bilirubin was 0.08%, in average. 4. Excretion of ester-form bilirubin increased according to lowering blood pH, and reached maximum at pH 6.8. 5. As the results, most parts of bilirubin excreted into the urine was the ester-form bilirubin. The site of excretion of bilirubin was mainly tubulus and its rate of excretion might depend on affinity between serum protein and bilirubin. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 血清脂質過酸化物の生成に及ぼす放射線照射の影響その1 基礎的検討 637 644 EN Yoshio Haisa For the purpose to elucidate the formation and the mechanism of lipid peroxidation products in the serum following irradiation, rabbits were irradiated once withe 1000R over the whole body, and serum lipid proxidation products as well as proxidation products in each lipid fractions were measured as TBA level. In addition, a study was made on the correlation between the peroxidation product and the change of fatty acids, and the following results were obtained. 1) The whole lipid content of serum: The whole lipid content was found to have increased about 2.6 times that before the irradiation by 24 post-irradiation hours, and even after the lapse of 48 hours such a tendency persisted. 2) Serum whole TBA level: By 24 post-irradiation hours the whole TBA level increased markedly up to about 6.5-fold that before the irradiation. 3) Lipid content of fraction: Except for cholesterol, every lipid fractions are found to have increased after irradiation. Especially marked is the increase of triglyceride. 4) TBA level of fractionated lipid: There is seen a marked increase of cholesterol ester, which proctically occupied entire serum TBA value. Next marked was the increase of phospholipid, and quantitatively it was classified that the increases seen in triglyceride and free fatty acids are not concerned with the rise in the free fatty acid content and TBA level. 5) Serum lipid contents and TBA level infasting: By taking the level of serum lipid 24 hours after the start of fasting as one, the serum lipid levels were studied at 48 and 72 hours after the start of fasting, and it was found that both serum lipid and TBA levels rose only very slightly. 6) Changes of fatty acids: The relative ratio of palmitic acid of the whole fatty acids increased after irradiation, and the ratio of linolic acid and linolenic acid was decreased by irradiation while by 48 hours the relative ratio of linolic acid was decreased to about 1/5 that before irradiation, and the relative ratio of linolenic acid was markedly decreased to about 1/35. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 肝・胆道疾患における血清γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase活性の臨床的意義 615 635 EN Keisuke Noma Serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) activities in patients with various hepatobiliary diseases were studied to elucidate the clinical significance of the enzyme. In an early stage of acute hepatitis, an elevation of the enzyme activity was slight or moderate, and the alteration of the activity in the clinical course behaved in a parallel manner with that of serum GPT activity. Estimation of the γ-GTP activity in a convalescent stage of acute hepatitis was useful for predicting the prognosis of the disease. A marked elevation of serum γ-GTP activity was observed in icteric primary hepatoma, especially when the tumor was large and situated at the hilar portion or in the right lobe of the liver, and in secondary carcinoma, the activity higher than that in primary hepatoma was obtained, when the cancer metastasized to the porta hepatis or infiltrated into the liver along the bile ducts even though jaundice was not revealed. In biliary diseases, the level of serum γ-GTP had a close correlation with those of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 Gunn rat （Hetero）の胆汁中非bilirubin-diazo反応陽性分画 611 614 EN Tadasuke Kondo Mamoru Hirohata Kenji Seo Yutaka Watanabe Non-bilirubin fraction was extracted from the bile obtained from Wister strain rats and heterozygote Gunn rats, and separated by Ostrow(1)s method with minor modification. Azo-pigments was prepared with the non-bilirubin fraction after addition of Ehrlich(1)s diazo reagent. Significance of non-bilirubin fraction showing positive diazo reaction (NBAPF) was studied on the basis of the relation between the percentage of NBAPF to total bile azo pigments (proportion of NBAPF) and molar ratio of glucuronic acid to the ester-form bilirubin. The following results were obtained; 1) Averaged proportions of NBAPF were 0.94% in Wister strain rats and 2.50% in heterozygote Gunn rats, respectively. The latter proportion was higher than the former but not significant due to the wide variation of the measured values of the latter group. 2) Good correlation between the proportion of NBAPF and the molar ratio of glucuronic acid to the ester-form bilirubin was observed. 3) No significant correlation was observed between the bilirubin concentration in the bile and the molar ratio of glucuronic acid to the ester-form bilirubin or the proportion of NBAPF. 4) These results suggest when the conjugation of bilirubin and glucuronic acid in the liver was impaired, both the excretion of dipyrryl substance yielded from bilirubin and other conjugation mechanism increase compensatory. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 In vitro assayを用いた膠原病における細胞性免疫の検索第二編 RAにおけるMIT, LMIT 601 609 EN Keisuke Yano The inflamed synovium of a patient with RA is intensively infiltrated with lymphocytes which often form follicles with aparent germinal centers. The synovial fluid contains aggregates of IgG and its complexes with rheumatoid factor. These evidences point out the immunological significance for the synovial inflammation and also suggest the need to determine whether cell-mediated immunity is concerned with the pathogenesis of RA. In the present study, an attempt has been made to determine whether heat-aggregated IgG and synovial crude extract have acted as antigns capable of causing cellular hypersensitivity in patients with RA. MIT and LMIT have been taken as in-vitro expression of cellular hypersensitivity. The value below the mean percent migration of normal subjects minus 2 SD was considered to be positive. MIT with heat-aggregated IgG was positive in 6 out of 14 patients with RA. Heat-aggregated IgG and synovial crude extract inhibited leucocyte migration in 4 out of 12 patients with RA. Indirect LMIT with heat-aggregated IgG was positive in 4 out of 14 patients with RA and with synovial crude extract in 5 out of 14 patients. None of normal subjects showed positive leucocyte migration inhibition to both antigens. There was no correlation between positive tests and titers of rheumatoid factor, duration, activity of the disease. The data presented above raise the possibility that cell-mediated immune mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of RA. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 In vitro assayを用いた膠原病における細胞性免疫の検索第一編 SLEにおけるMIT, LMIT 587 599 EN Keisuke Yano The appearance of circulating antibodies to nuclear components (e.g. DNA, Histone, Nucleoprotein) is characteristic of SLE and may have pathogenic importance. But, it is not evident why these autoantibodies are produced. Concerning these immunological abnormalities, most research has concentrated on the humoral immune responses made against nuclear antigens. The role of cell-mediated immunity to unclear antigens in SLE has not been investigated. Therefore, the evidence of cell-mediated immunity to native calf thymus DNA was determined by MIT and LMIT in patients with SLE and normal subjects. The mean percent migration of MIT in SLE and normal subjects was 79.8±24.1 and 101.4±15.3%, respectively. The percent migration below 70.8% was considered to be a positive test and 17 out of 42 patients with SLE had a positive test. In contrast, none of normal subjects did. These findings indicate that there is cellulay hypersensitivity to native DNA and peripheral lymphocytes of SLE patients produced a migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with responding to it. No correlation could be made between results of MIT and staining patterns of antinuclear factor (AMF), titers of anti-DNA antibody, serum complement levels and activity of the disease. The results of LMIT was differed from those of MIT. The mean percent migration of LMIT was not significantly different in SLE patients and normal subjects, and only a few cases in SLE exhibited a positive test. Considering the dissociation of these results in MIT and LMIT, the conclusion has been made that MIT is more useful in investigation the existence of cellular hypersensitivity. In addition, the role of T cells in the development of autoimmunity was discussed in accordance with the existence of cellular hypersensitivity to native DNA in SLE. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 胆汁色素に関する研究第Ⅱ編胆汁中にみとめられるdiazo陽性非bilirubin分画の分光化学的性状と臨床的意義について 575 585 EN Mamoru Hirohata Non bilirubin fraction which was extracted from bile of various liver and biliary tract diseases and prepared from crystalline bilirubin after irradiation by fluorescence was studied. Following results about the nature of non bilirubin fraction positive for diazo reaction and its clinical significance was obtained. 1) The material obtained in the fraction was yellowish and soluble in water and showed positive diazo reaction. Its absorption maximum showed 545-555nm in water solution (pH 2.4) and unchanged by acidulation. 2) In thin layer chromatogram of this azo pigment of non bilirubin fraction, two to four spots appeared usually. This results suggested that it was not composed from one substance. The Rf values were different from those of already reported azo pigments in thin layer chromatogram and it was confirmed that the Rf value of one of these spots was changed by methylation. 3) Percentage of non bilirubin fraction in total bilirubin in bile of various liver and biliary tract diseases was significantly increased in comparison with that of control subjects. This ratio increased in the order of the group of constitutional jaundice, cirrhosis of the liver and chronic hepatitis respectively. 4) Significant correlations between percentage of non bilirubin fraction in total bilirubin and liver function tests (ZnTT, TTT, γ-globulin) were obtained. These findings suggested that non bilirubin fraction was increased in the case of hepatic parenchymal damage or the disturbance of the bilirubin conjugation enzyme. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 87 7-8 1975 胆汁色素に関する研究第Ⅰ編諸種肝疾患時の胆汁中bilirubin-phosphate分画の臨床的意義 563 573 EN Mamoru Hirohata Bile was collected with a duodenal tube from 14 controls and 45 cases with various liver diseases which were consisted of 8 cases with acute hepatitis, 10 cases with chronic hepatitis, 8 cases with cirrhosis of the liver, 4 cases with Gilbert's syndrome, 3 cases with Dubin-Johnson's syndrome and 12 cases with cholecystopathy. Bilirubin was extracted from the bile and separated with Billing's siliconized Kieselguhr column chromatography. Bilirubin-phosphate fraction showing positive phosphate ester reaction reported by Kondo, was fractionated with cellulose column chromatography as reported by Monobe, and finally its percentage to total direct bilirubin was calculated. Correlations between bilirubin-phosphate fraction and various liver function tests were studied and the following results were obtained. 1) Bilirubin-phosphate fraction was found to be 7.3% in cirrhosis of the liver, 5.5% in constitutional jaundice, 5.0% in acute hepatitis, 3.5% in chronic hepatitis, 2.2% in cholecystopathy and 2.1% in controls. Percentage of bilirubin-phosphate fraction was significantly higher in cirrhosis of the liver than in control, cholecystopathy and chronic hepatitis, and in acute hepatitis than in control and cholecystopathy. 2) There were good correlations among percentage of bilirubin-phosphate fraction, colloidal reaction (ZnTT, TTT) and serum γ- globulin fraction. 3) No significant correlations could be found among percentage of bilirubin-phosphate fraction, serum transaminase (GOT, GPT), cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase. 4) There was a good correlation between percentage of bilirubin-phosphate fraction and BSP retention at 45 minutes. 5) A significant negative correlation was obtained between percentage of bilirubin-phosphate fraction and K(ICG). No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 担癌宿主の免疫能に関する研究第2編肺癌化学療法症例における宿主免疫能の検討 1055 1064 EN Osami Kanagawa Fifty patients with nonresectable lung cancer were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate and procarbazine (COMP). Twentyfour patients (50%) of 48 evaluable patients responded to the therapy. Immune function, including total lymphocyte counts, T and B lymphocyte counts, in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis by PHA and PPD and PHA skin reaction, were evealuated serially in reference to intensive cancer chemotherapy. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Although total lymphocyte counts, T and B lymphocytes counts, and in vitro blastgenic activity by PHA were significantly decreased immediately after COMP therapy, these parameters recovered to pretreatment level approximately within 3 to 4 weeks interval to next COMP therapy, there were no significant changes in PPD and PHA skin reaction following COMP therapy. 2) There was no relationship between pretreatment immune function and response to COMP therapy. 3) Recovery from impaired immune function was noted occasionally among the responders to COMP therapy. 4) A close relationship was noted between pretherapy response to PHA skin reaction, as well as pretherapy performance status, and survival of stage Ⅲ lung cancer patients treated with COMP therapy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 担癌宿主の免疫能に関する研究第1編マウスFoot Pad Reactionにおよぼす免疫賦活剤の影響 1041 1054 EN Osami Kanagawa The immuno-modulating effect of three immunopotentiators (OK-432, PS-K, Levamisole) was studied in MH-134 bearing C3H/He mice using foot pad reaction. When tumor bearing mice were injected their own tumor cells in foot pad, foot pad thickning was observed. Microscopic examination revealed that this thickning was not due to tumor growth but caused by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell infiltrations. This reaction was specific to their own tumor cells and was able to be transfered by spleen cells and peritoneal exudate cells. Immunopotentiators, when administered prior to tumor inoculation, these three agents had no effects on foot pad reaction, but when administered after tumor inoculation PS-K enhanced the foot pad reaction. Although cyclophosphamide had a significant suppressive effects on foot pad reaction, the reaction was restored by the concomitant use of these three immunopotentiators. This findings suggested that these immunopotentiators might restore the patient's immunity against one's own tumor when used concomitantly with cytotoxic agents in the management of cancer patient. On the other hand, concomitant use of carragheenan with OK-432 or Levamisole resulted in enhancing the suppressive effect cauced by carragheenan alone. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 鉄欠乏性貧血の成因に関する研究第2編鉄過剰排泄による実験的貧血 1029 1039 EN Akira Miyata It was studied experimentally whether excess iron excretion can cause anemia in growing rats given desferrioxamine (DFO) intramusclarly. In the group injected with 150 mg/kg DFO daily for five weeks, urinary iron excretion started to increase after one week, and then hemoglobin concentration decreased after two weeks of treatment. The difference in hemoglobin concentration between the experimental and control groups was significant when treatment was continued for four weeks, although no significant differences were observed in erythrocyte counts. Thus, hypochromic anemia was induced. However, DFO at this dose did not retard growth in rats. In the second step, iron metabolism was examined. The same dose of DFO was administered to another group of rats every day for the same period. Compared to the control group, serum iron levels were higher in the rats injected with DFO. On the contrary, there were no differences in the total iron binding capacity. Liver nonhemin iron content in DFO-injected rats showed a marked decrease, which was nearly half of that in the controls. Diminution of bone marrow sideroblasts and bone marrow stainable iron was found at almost every case treated with DFO. It was demonstrated in these experiments that excess iron excretion induced by DFO resulted in iron deficiency anemia. These results give an experimental support to the concept of "Iron-losing anemia", anemia caused by the loss of nonhemin iron. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 鉄欠乏性貧血の成因に関する研究第1編鉄排泄試験による臨床的検討 1015 1027 EN Akira Miyata "Iron excretion test" was performed as an entirely new method to study iron metabolism in iron deficiency anemia. In this test, urinary iron excretion and serum iron levels were measured after intravenous administration of 10mg of saccharated iron oxide. Thirty men and 68 women were studied with this test. They were divided into four groups: 62 cases of idiopathic hypochromic anemia, 9 cases of anemia due to blood loss, 4 cases of postgastrectomy anemia and 11 healthy controls. Patient with idiopathic hypochromic anemia were divided into two subgroups according to the rate of recurrence. Cases that developed anemia at least two times despite the standarized treatment with iron preparations constituted a group difficult to control, while the other group was easy to control. In the difficult-to-control group, urinary iron excretion showed a significant increase until two hours after injection when compared with that of the other four groups. An "Iron excretion index" was calculated to estimate the tendency for urinary iron loss more clearly. The difficult-to-control group of idiopathic hypochromic anemia had significantly higher excretion indices than other groups, which frequently exceeded 1.0. These results suggest that excess iron excretion may be one of the causes of idiopathic hypochromic anemia. This type of anemia may be designated "Iron-losing anemia". And "Iron excretion test" would be useful to detect this condition easily. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 マウス腹水肉腫細胞核からの高分子量酸可溶性蛋白質の精製とその性質 999 1013 EN Kimiko Tsutsui A high molecular weight acid soluble nuclear protein (HAN-1) was isolated in a electrophoretically homogeneous state from mouse ascites sarcoma cells (SR-C3H cells) by the exclusion chromatography in Sephacryl S-200 and the DEAE-Sephadex chromatography of the nuclear 0.2M H(2)SO(4) extract. The content of HAN-1 in SR-C3H nuclei was about 4.3% per total histone, the highest among the cell types tested. The molecular weight of HAN-1 was estimated to be 125,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of HAN-1 was rich in glutamic acid, alanine, lysine and aspartic acid, the acidic/basic amino acid ratio 1.8. The in vitro RNA synthesizing activity of SR-C3H cell RNA polymerases Ⅰ and Ⅱ on a naked DNA template was differentially affected by HAN-1; the reaction with polymerase I was inhibited and that with polymerase Ⅱ stimulated. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 RI angio-cardiographyによる心疾患の診断第一編正常例の検討 993 998 EN Masatada Tanabe Toyosato Tamai Etsuo Kawase Hisao Takaki Kiichiro Mizukawa Setsuo Morimoto Keiji Hashimoto Katashi Sato Kaname Aono This study is to show applicability of RCG and to determine criteria for its use of normals. Instrumentation for data processing was DAP 500-2(Toshiba, Ltd, Tokyo Japan) RI dilution curves recorded an the right ventricle, the left lung, the left ventricle of 12 normal subjects were analyzed to obtain following parameters, namely interventricular peak to peak time and C(2)/C(1) ratio. 1) intraventricular peak to peak time average: 6.40 ± 1.18 seconds (4.80~8.64) 2) C(2)/C(1) ratio of right ventricle average: 0.45 ± 0.08 seconds (0.30~0.59) 3) C(2)/C(1) ratio of left ventricle average: 0.38 ± 0.09 seconds (0.22 ± 0.51) 4) C(2)/C(1) ratio of left lung average: 0.45 ± 0.08 seconds (0.30~0.55) No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 造船工場における石綿作業者の作業環境と健康状態に関する調査研究 981 991 EN Keiji Mimura In order to clarify the influence of asbestos on the health of the workers engaged in works in which they use materials made of asbestos, the environmental investigation and their health examination were carried out in a shipyard where such materials have been used increasingly in recent years. The clarified facts and the conclusions thereby were as follows: 1) At the shipbuilding plant, lagging workers and carpenters were engaged in asbestos-handling works. The environmental airs around the lagging workers and carpenters were measured and proved to have 4 and 55.4 fibres/c㎥ of asbestos in maximum respectively. Carpenters were engaged in works cutting several kinds of noninflammable board and sound proofing board. For the works, large quantity of asbestos dust was generated. It was observed that the lack of experience and knowledge for asbestos-works had delayed the measures to protect the hazards. The need of the establishment of the countermeasures against general dust hazards as well as asbestos dust hazards must be urgently recognized. 2) The asbestos-handling works might influence on other works which were carried out simultaneously in the same new ship under construction. The prevention of asbestos hazards for other workers must be considered. 3) Chest X-ray examination explored that 35.7% of lagging workers and 31.0% of carpenters had pneumoconiosis. Asbestos bodies were found with high frequency in both groups. The facts supported that they had suffered from the exposure of asbestos substantially. Between the two groups, differences of X-ray findings were observed; irregular small opacities in lagging workers and irregular small opacities as well as compound small opacities in carpenters. They were thought to be due to the differences of kinds of dust inhaled. 4) The countermeasures against the cutting procedure of asbestos cloth and pipe covering in the case of lagging workers, and the dust generated in high density by electric rotary saw in the case of carpenters are the urgent need to be established. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 加令と肉芽組織ならびに胸腺の糖質コルチコイドに対する感受性 969 979 EN Ryoichi Fujiwara Kiyomi Saeki Seiichiro Tomita Granulomas were induced in rats of both sexes at different weeks of age by subcutaneous implantation of formalin-soaked filter-paper disks. The sensitivity changes with aging to the antigranuloma and thymolytic actions of prednisolone acetate were studied by measuring the dry-defatted weight of granulomas and the wet weight of thymus. The prednisolone acetate effects on these tissues were also investigated by electron microscopy. In male rats, the amount of granulation tissue increased from 6 to 12 weeks of age; but no difference in granuloma weight was evident between the 12- and 20-week-old groups. In females, the granuloma weight also increased form 6 to 8 weeks. However, heavier granulomas were found in males than in females. In both sexes, the 20-week-old group showed lower sensitivity to the antigranuloma and thymolytic actions of prednisolone acetate than the 6- and 8-week-old groups. In the 6-, 8-and 20-week-old groups of both sexes, marked differences were not found between the antigranuloma potency and thymolytic potency of prednisolone acetate. The prednisolone acetate dose required to produce appreciable electron microscopic changes were about the same in granulation tissue and thymus. The present results show that rat granulation tissue and thymus have similar degrees of sensitivity to glucocorticoids and that the sensitivity of these tissues is lowered with aging. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 肉芽組織の増殖に及ぼすhistamineの効果に関する電顕形態学的研究 949 968 EN Ryoichi Fujiwara Daily administration of histamine at 0.5 mg/kg x 2, s.c., and prednisolone at 5 mg/kg, p.o., significantly inhibited growth in granulomas induced by subcutaneous implantation of formalin-soaked filter-paper disks as shown by the lower dry-defatted granuloma weight compared with control group. Electron microscopic observations showed that both histamine and prednisolone decreased the cell density of granulation tissue. In granulomas of rats treated with prednisolone, the development of fibroblast rough endoplasmic reticulum was inhibited, and many lipid droplets were found in these cells. The formation of collagen fibers was significantly inhibited in such granulation tissues. Fibroblasts in granulation tissues from histamine-treated rats showed greater development of rough endoplasmic reticulum and had more mitochondria and dense bodies than fibroblasts of control granulation tissues. The collagen fiber formation in granulation tissue seemed more active in histamine-treated animals than in control animals. In cell counts under the electron microscope, in the period from 3 to 7 days after implantation of filter-paper disks, the percentage of macrophages in granulation tissue decreased to the total number of macrophages, fibroblasts and cells with intermediate characteristics, whereas the count of fibroblasts increased. These time-dependent changes in percentages of macrophages and fibroblasts were accelerated by histamine. These results suggest that histamine mainly through inhibition of cell proliferation, especially of fibroblasts, and acceleration of the differentiation of these fibroblasts inhibits the formation of granulomas. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 血管鋳型法による正常および胃潰瘍の血管構築の走査電子顕微鏡的研究 915 948 EN Masahiko Takao Under a scanning electron microscope, the microcirculation of normal and pathological stomachs was observed by a corrosion casting technique. This improved approach has been in the microvascular pattern of gastric ulcers to clarify its non-healing and recurring tendency. In the case of a normal rat, arteries, upon penetrating the serosa and immediately branched into capillaries at the base of the gastric gland. These mucosal capillaries run upward in more or less straight lines from the submucosal plexus toward the surface and continued to the vascular net on the mucosal surface. Part of the vascular net continued into a descending collecting venule which ran downward in a straight line, increasing in diameter and continuing into a collecting vein. An arteriovenous anastomotic channel was found between the artery and vein of the submucosal plexus. Although the microvascular pattern of the normal human stomach was little more complicated than that of the rat, its basic pattern was the much same. In the case of an experimental chronic gastric ulcer (acetic acid ulcer by Okabe), there are two unusual vascular structures, i.e., increased vessels and radiating vessels; histologically they represent zone of granulation and scar, these vessels are not observed horizontal anastomoses of each other. In particular, there are horizontal anastomose in the least between this vessel in scar and the vessel of the adjacent area. By the effects of the vagotomy and the drug (Gefarnate), this horizontal anastomose not change for the better during observation. In the case of a human chronic gastric ulcer, this particular pattern on the microcirculation was the much same. As a result of these observation, this particular pattern on the microcirculation can readily assumed that healing of deep ulcer is difficult. If it should heal, there appear weak points of blood supply, for the regenerated epithelium is supplied only by the poor scar vessels. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 培養ラット肝細胞の自然発癌第2報 11系のDonryu系ラット肝細胞株に於ける腫瘍形成能の獲得と染色体変化 901 914 EN Shizuo Nishizaki 1) For past 10 years, 11 epithelial liver cell lines from baby rats of Donryu strain have been established in our laboratory. 2) All cultured cells in the 11 cell lines showed the same epithelial morphology in early culture passages irrespective of culture methods. 3) The cultured cells progressively deviated from normal to abnormal with time in chromosome as well as in morphology during long-term cultivation; normal diploid cells shifted to aneuploid and also homogeneous epithelial cells changed to heterogeneous in shape. 4) The cells in all of the 11 cell lines eventually underwent spontaneous malignant transformation in vitro after about 600 culture days and produced tumors in syngeneic newbown rats about 300 days after inoculation. 5) Histology of tumors showed mainly hepatocarcinomas and a few sarcomatous figures. 6) Chromosome numbers of the cultured cells in the 11 cell lines were in the near-diploid range in six of them and in the hypertriploid to hypotetraploid range in the remaining five, when chromosome analysis was done at the time of malignant transformation in vitro. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 免疫担当細胞の走査型電子顕微鏡像第二編病的細胞 887 900 EN Koji Nishiya The cell surfaces under pathological states were observed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three cases of CLL were T-cell type, e.g. SRBC rosette forming cells, and 3 cases of ALL were null cell type. The surface structure of leukemic cells in CLL was smooth type, or intermediate type, although it was smooth type or a part of the cells had many blebs and ridge-like processes in ALL. A part of peripheral lymphocytes in patients with SLE showed abnormal, irregular shape and had blebs, ridge-like processes. Such abnormal cells were frequently detected in the cases which T-cells were decreased. Leukemic cells in one case of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis (acute type) had very short ridge-like projections. Monocytic leukimic cells had the similar surface structure as normal peripheral monocytes which had ruffled membranes, but their processes were larger or broader. Plasmoid cells in patient with IgG(k) type multiple myeloma had villous surface structure, however that in IgD (λ) type were bullous. This findings suggested that the surface structure was different among immunoglobulin classes which were produced by myeloma cells. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 免疫担当細胞の走査型電子顕微鏡像第一編正常細胞 869 885 EN Koji Nishiya Human lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes were purified from normal human peripheral blood, using Ficoll-Conray gradient sedimentation and glass adherent activity of monocytes. The characteristics of surface structure among them were easily shown by SEM observation, e.g. monocytes had ruffled, granulocytes had ridge-like and lymphocytes had finger-like projections on their surface. Most of purified SRBC-RFL (T-cells) had smooth surface structure. However, the approximate ten percentage of them showed the villous one. A MRBC-RFL which belonged to surface immunoglobulin bearing cells (B-cells), showed the smooth one. It was concluded from the results that it was difficult to judge only from their surface characteristics whether the lymphocytes were T-or B-cells. Erythrophagocytosis by human monocytes bia Fc-receptor consisted of attachment, engulfment and cytolysis. SEM observation clarified the surface morphological changes of monocytes and erythrocytes in each stage. This phenomenon indicated that erythrophagocytosis might play a role in hemolysis of patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 試験紙法による集団の細菌尿のスクリーニング成績について 863 868 EN Tadashi Okamoto Shigeo Sunami In the course of the screening examination of the adult diseases, 4959 inhabitants (both sex with age from 20 to 89 years) of communities in the south of Okayama Prefecture were examined bacteriuria with the nitrite testape (N-multisticks, Ames Co.) without cleaning pudenda from April to December, 1977, and the following results were obtained. 1) The rate of bacteriuria was 1.4% of the examinee, but the rate of bacteriuria of female (1.6% ) was 3.2 times higher than that of male (0.5% ). The rate by age of bacteriuria of male had single peak in his fifties, but that of female had bottom in her thirties, and after this age the rate rose with increasing age. 2) The cystitis of the urinary bladder or the kidney disease were the commonest disease among the past history of the cases, especially in female, with bacteriuria. About 1/4 of the cases with bacteriuria had complaints, and the pollakisuria was the commonest complaints (23.5% ). 3) The cases of bacteriuria complicated with albuminuria or occult blood were superior to that non-complicated in number, and the cases of glykosuria had bacteriuria to a high rate. 4) In 59.5% of the positive cases of the N-multisticks pyuria was observed microscopically in urinary sediments. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 遅発性ジスキネジア及び薬剤性振戦を伴う患者の髄液アミン代謝物質と環状ヌクレオチド 851 861 EN Takuo Nagao Lumbar CSF HVA, MHPG, 5HIAA, cAMP and cGMP were measured in 12 chronic schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia (TD) before and 3 weeks after sodium valproate (VPA) or cyproheptadine treatment. The amount of medication was kept constant throughout the study. Three of the 7 patients treated with VPA and 1 of the 5 with cyproheptadine showed improvement. HVA levels significantly decreased and cAMP and cGMP levels significantly increased. MHPG levels increased significantly during the treatment with VPA but declined during cyproheptadine treatment. There were no significant correlations between the degree of improvement in TD and the changes of amine metabolites or cyclic nucleotides. None of the pre-treatment values for CSF amine metabolites or cyclic nucleotides were different from those of 15 chronic schizophrenics without TD as controls. Decrease in HVA and increase in cGMP during the treatment might indicate the normalization of dopaminergic-cholinergic imbalance in the brain. Furthermore, amine metabolites and cyclic nucleotides were measured in 5 chronic schizophrenics with parkinsonian tremor. Low HVA and 5HIAA levels and high cAMP levels were observed in tremor group. However, only 5HIAA levels in tremor group were significantly lower than those in age-matched control group. It is suggested that neuroleptic-induced tremor may be attributed to serotonergic dysfunction in the brain. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 細胞分裂抑制物質肝コルニンの研究 2. ラット肝小胞体コルニン画分の分離精製とその化学的性質 841 849 EN Akitaka Doi A curude cornin extracted from rat liver microsomes and the chemical properties of the purified cornin (MF1) were investigated. 1. Crude rat liver microsomal cornin (RLMC) inhibits the growth of L-929 cells. MF1 is purified about 4 fold from RLMC by gel filtration through Sephadex G-50 column. 2. The concentration of MFI that inhibits the growth of L cells to 50% is 270 μg/ml and this specific activity is the highest of the cornin fractions reported up to date. 3. The content of acidic amino acids is more than 23% but that of histidine and sulfurcontaining amino acids is very low in MFl. 4. MFl shows the maximum ultraviolet absorption at 276nm and its main substance is a kind of protein, and its inhibitory effect on the cell growth diminishes by protease treatment. 5. MFl is a single peak both by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by thin layer gel filtration and the molecular weight is calculated about 26,000. 6. MFl is separated in two bands by SDS-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis and the molecular weight is estimated to be 11,000 and 15,000 respectively. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 肺癌患者における血清ロイシンアミノペプチダーゼに関する研究―特にアイソザイムと病態との関連について― 819 840 EN Koji Okada Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity and its isozyme fraction were assayed in the serum of 34 cases of lung cancer, and were compared with those in the 34 cases of stomach cancer, 12 of breast cancer and 10 of various kinds of nonneoplastic lung disease as well as those of 25 healthy subjects. The cases with those having any abnormality in the result of hepatorenal function tests were excluded from this study. The activity of LAP was remarkably high in the lung cancer and 90% of the patients who showed abnormally high level of the activity was proved to be the lung cancer patient. The ratio of Y fraction in the isozyme of lung cancer was also significantly higher than that in any other group and this was demonstrated in 96% of the cases. Although there was no significant difference in the total activity of LAP among the stages of lung cancer, elevation of the ratio of Y fraction in isozyme was significant in accordance with the stage. This was fact even in the range of the tumor size. As to lymphnode metastasis of lung cancer, increase in both the ratio and activity of the Y fraction was observed in association with the progress of extent of the metastasis, and there was a significant difference in the values between those having metastasis within and beyond the mediastinum. It was demonstrated that the total activity of LAP and the ratio and activity of its Y fraction were higher even in the cases with stomach or breast cancer, but it was observed in the advanced stage in contrast with the lung cancer. Furthermore, the elevation of the ratio was consistently lower than that in the lung cancer. On the basis of the results mentioned above, it would be reasonable to signify a clinical value of assaying the Y fraction of LAP isozyme on the diagnosis and the treatment of lung cancer. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 乳癌患者における血漿Prolactinの分泌動態に関する臨床的研究 795 818 EN Fumio Itagaki Endocrinological effects of prolactin on human breast cancer have not been documented. The study was to determine relationships of serum prolactin level to clinical patterns or behaviors of breast cancer by measuring the serum prolactin level with RIA method. The first blood sample for prolactin determination was taken in the early morning when a patient was in rest and fast. Then, blood samples were taken in series after an injection of 500μg of TRH for stimulation. Patients studied were 61, including 57 with primary breast cancer, 4 with recurrent breast cancer. Control group consisted of 10 healthy women. Results obtained were as follows: 1) Basal level of prolactin was higher in 22 out of 61 patients (36%), compared with that of controls, and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence in the patient whose basal level was higher than the upper limit of the control, between the each stage as well as between the pre- and postmenopausal group. 2) All patients responded to TRH stimulation and, in approximately 90% of the patient, the prolactin level reached to peak in a period of 15 to 30 minutes after the stimulation, regardless of the clinical stage and nearly one half of the patient except in stage I showed an excessive response. However, the return to the basal level was apparently retarded and about 30% of the patients showed higher level even at 60 and 90 minutes after the TRH stimulation. 3) There was no stage difference in incidence in patients whose levels 15 and 30 minutes after the stimulation were significantly elevated. However, the incidence in patient whose levels were higher that of the upper limit of controls was higher in patients belonged to stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ, compared with that in stage Ⅰ. 4) No significant correlation existed between lymph node involvement and incidence of patients with high prolactin level in each stage groups. However, significant increase was present in the 15-minute and 30-minute levels of prolactin in patients with lymph node metastases, though there was no significant difference in accordance with extension of the metastasis. 5) In histological classification, scirrhus type showed higher basal levels as well as the levels after the stimulation, compared with those of papillotubular and medullotubular types. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 アカタラセミア,ヒポカタラセミアマウスの赤血球カタラーゼの均一性およびSDS,LISに対する安定性について 785 793 EN Junko Mizugaki Behavior of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes to the addition of H(2)O(2) in saline was examined to be confirmed the equal distribution of catalase in erythrocyte population from acatalasemic heterozygote mouse (Cs(a)Cs(b)) which showed the half of normal (Cs(a)Cs(a)) catalase activity. When H(2)O(2) was added in the suspension mixed erythrocytes with Cs(a)Cs(a) and acatalasemia (Cs(b)Cs(b)), the color changed immediately from red to brownish red with emitting a little buble of O(2). One population of erythrocyte lacking catalase activity should be caused the methemoglobin formation. In fact, rapid spectrophotometric scanning proved that the wave length of maximum absorbance were 500nm and 630nm. When H(2)O(2) was added in the erythrocyte suspension from Cs(a)Cs(b), the color unchanged, remained red, with emitting bubles of O(2). This result was the same as in the erythrocyte suspension from Cs(a)Cs(a). Data indicated that erythrocyte from heterozygote (Cs(a)Cs(b)) is consist of one population and is not two populations of Cs(a)Cs(a) and Cs(b)Cs(b). The nature of blood catalase by stability to the surfactant (SDS and LIS) was compared among normal (Cs(a)Cs(a)), acatalasemic homozygote and heterozygote (Cs(b)Cs(b) and Cs(a)Cs(b)), and hypocatalasemic homozygote and heterozygote (Cs(c)Cs(c) and Cs(a)Cs(c)) mice. In both respects of SDS and LIS stability, Cs(a)Cs(a) was most stable and two heterozygotes (Cs(a)Cs(b) and Cs(a)Cs(c)) were less stable than Cs(a)Cs(a). Cs(c)Cs(c) and Cs(b)Cs(b), namely Cs(b)Cs(b) were of least stability to SDS and to LIS. It was demonstrated that blood catalase molecule of acatalasemic and hypocatalasemic heterozygote (Cs(a)Cs(b) and Cs(a)Cs(c)) differs from that of both parents (Cs(a)(Cs(a), Cs(b)Cs(b) and Cs(a)Cs(c)). It was concluded that 5 sorts of blood catalase were different each other and consist of a single molecular species and suggested that since catalase was a tetramer, the combination of subunits was different each other. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 7-8 1978 家兎Vx2移植腫瘍の代謝におよぼすDifferential Hypothermia処置の影響 765 783 EN Ryosuke Katagi As a non-surgical treatment of malignant tumors, it has been experimentally confirmed that the differential hypothermia (D.H.), to keep the tumor normothermic locally under total body hypothermia, showed therapeutic effect on the tumor which was intensified by combination with antitumor agents. The application of D.H. to the treatment of malignant brain tumors in human beings and its mechanism against tumor have been discussed in the previous paper. In order to study the metabolic effect of D.H. on the tumor tissue, the present study was performed by using rabbit Vx2 tumor and applying D.H. for 10hours. The concentrations of major metabolites of the glycolytic pathway (glucose, G-6-P, F-6-P, FDP DAP, pyruvate, lactate) and high energy phosphate bonds (ATP, ADP, AMP, P-creatine) were measured by enzymatic techniques before, during and after the D.H. treatment. 1) The G-6-P concentration in D.H.-treated tumors showed an elevation as compared with that in control. Its concentration rose to 0.251 ± 0.044 mol/g immediately after the D.H. treatment and to 0.233 + 0.030 mol/g at 36th hour later. 2) Lactate concentration in D.H.-treated tumors also showed an elevation. Its concentration at 6th hour following the D.H. treatment was 18.6 ± 1.0 mol/g at 36th hour it was 19.0 ± 1.8 mol/g. Lactate/pyruvate ratio also elevated. 3) ATP concentration in D.H.-treated tumors decreased. Its concentration at 6th hour during the D.H. treatment was 0.708 ± 0.108 mol/g and at 36th hour it was 0.428 ± 0.090 mol/g. D.H.-treated tumors revealed a decrease of energy charge potentials. These experimental results are considered to show a metabolic mechanism of the antitumor effect of the D.H. treatment and seem to be compatible with the morphological evidence of tumor disappearance reported in the previous paper. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 90 3-4 1978 常温希釈体外循環における適正潅流量の検討:とくに酸素消費量の面より 479 496 EN Seiki Sugimoto 19世紀から多数の研究者により報告された体外での臓器潅流の研究は,1937年Gibbon(1))の酸素付加装置による猫の潅流実験ののちに,さらに進展の度を早め,臨床的には,1951年Dennisら(2))が心房中隔欠損症の手術に試み,ついで1953年Gibbonが本症の手術に成功して以来,直視下心臓手術は人工心肺装置ならびに体外循環手技などの改良により広くおこなわれるようになった.一方,体外循環の副作用として,血清肝炎(3)),赤血球のsludgingやaggregation(4)),blood pooling(5)6))や同種血症候群(7)8))が問題となり,また装置充填に多量の新鮮血を要することも欠点であった.当時,生理学的研究では臓器潅流に電解質液を使用していたこと,Gollanら(9))が低体温下では赤血球の無い液体でも溶存酸素のみで組織は酸素を摂取しうることを示したことにより,血液希釈体外循環が考えられた.1951年PanicoとNeptune(10))が生理的食塩水で充填したのに始まり,Longら(4))の低分子量デキストラン,Gooleyら(11)),Zuhdiら(12)),De WallとLilleheiら(13))の5% 糖液,そしてNevilleら(14))の乳酸加リンゲル液の使用により希釈体外循環が主流となった.しかし,血液希釈にともなう問題も生じた.すなわち血液希釈によるヘモグロビン濃度の低下した血液は,酸素運搬能力も低下し,この低下を代償するために潅流量を増加しなければならないと考えられる.従来は全血体外循環時に設定された潅流量を希釈体外循環にも用いられてきたが,その可否を酸素消費量および血行動態の面より検討した. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 ヒト組織内リンパ球subpopulationの分布に関する研究第2編臓器内浸潤リンパ球subpopulahonの分布-自己免疫性疾患を中心として. 1035 1047 EN Kenji Koriyama The lymphocyte subpopulations were detected in the target organs obtained from various autoimmune disorders on the tissue cryosections. Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) were detected by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E) or with sheep erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement (EAC) respectively. Almost all infiltrating lymphocytes in the salivery glands in patients with Sjogren's syndrome were identified as B cells and T cells were detected only along the ducts. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, infiltrating lymphocytes with the lymph follicles in the thyroid gland were mostly B cells whereas T cells localized as surrounded the thyroid follicles. T cells would not be detected in the spleen sections obtained from the patients with hypoplastic anemia at all. The white pulp was constituted by B cells, and the mononuclear cells in the red pulp might be macrophages of which these cell surfaces had IgG-Fc receptors. The lymph follicles of the thymus in a patient with myasthenia gravis complicated with thymoma was demonstrated to be formed with B cells. Therefore, it could be concluded that B cells were predominant lymphocytes in the target organs, while T cells localized in situ developing the autoimmune reactions in various autoimmune diseases. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 ヒト組織内リンパ球Subpopulationの分布に関する研究第l編組織内リンパ球subpopulationの分布同定法の基礎的検討および各リンパ組織におけるその分布 1021 1033 EN Kenji Koriyama Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B-cells) in the cryosection of human tissues were identified either by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E) or with erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and complement (EAC), respectively. Invariable and stable reaction was obtained in EAC rosettes of the tissue lymphocytes while E binding of them was rather unstable. E could be adhered in the thymus sections which were obtained from normal infants during open heart surgery, but EAC did not bind to them at all. It was confirmed that B-cells located mostly in the lymph follicles of the lymph nodes as well as the palatine tonsils and T-cells were present predominantly in the paracortical area and interfollicular region. B-cells in the germinal centers would generally have more activated C(3) receptors than those of the mantle zones. In addition, B-cells of the lymph follicles both in the lymph nodes and in the palatine tonsils could be also detected utilizing the membrane immunofluorescence technique. The proportion of T and B-cells distribution in the lymphoid tissue was well correlated with that obtained on free cell suspension technique.Therefore, it could be concluded that T and B lymphocytes were able to identify respectively even in tissue level. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 粥状硬化食投与ラットにおける微小動脈吻合術の実験的研究 995 1019 EN Susumu Ohara 198 male albino rats were used in this experiment. First, 42 rats were divided into 13 different dietary groups to test the effects of high fat and cholesterol in the diet on the level of serum cholesterol and the degree of atherogenesis. Then the effects of four different types of diet upon the healing of small vessel anastomoses were studied. Group one received a regular control diet (MF diet, Oriental KOBO Co. Ltd.), group two, A diet (regular diet with cholesterol 5 % , peanut oil 5% and sodium cholate 2%), group three, AP diet (A diet with pyridinolcarbamate 0.05%), group four, AT diet (A diet with thiouracil 0.3%). All percentages were calculated on a weight basis. Each group received the above diets for 13 weeks before anastomosis. Then, end to end anastomosis of the common carotid artery was performed using the operating microscope. Rats were sacrificed in groups of 2 to 6 from 24 hours to 20 weeks postoperatively. Vessel patency was determined and histological and histochemical changes were noted. Average values of the level of s-cholesterol at the time of sacrifice were 80 mg/dl in the normal group, 484 mg/dl in the A group, 342 mg/dl in the AP group and 661 mg/dl in the AT group and patency rates were 23/30 (77%), 16/36 (44%), 17/32 (53%) and 3/8 (38%) respectively. Histologically, diffuse degeneration of smooth muscle cells in the media and marked deposition of fat granules in the intima and media were observed in the hypercholesteremic rats of groups A and AT. In the AT group mural thrombi were often observed around the site of anastomosis with narrowing of the lumen. In rats fed atherogenic diets, healing of the anastomosis was significantly delayed requiring 6 to 8 weeks as determined by histological evidence and about 12 weeks by histochemical. Some degree of degeneration with fat granules was noted in the walls of the vessels at the sites where the vascular clamps had been applied. Histochemical examination of anastomosed vessels from rats fed atherogenic diets A and AT showed markedly lower activities of LDH, G-6-PDH, SDH and Cy-O in the media and rather higher activities in the adventitia than in vessels from rats fed control diets. In all groups Ac-P activity increased in the adventitia following surgery then decreased gradually with the healing process and Al-P activity increased temporarily in granulation tissue. But the activity of this latter enzyme was found to be markedly decreased in the adventitia following surgery in the vessels of rats fed atherogenic diets and seemed to be correlated with the degree of medial necrosis. Patency rates were very low in rats fed the A, AP and AT diets as compared to those fed the control diet, there being a clear tendency for higher cholesterol levels to result in lower patency rates. It would appear that persistent hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of delayed occlusion at the anastomotic site caused by mural thrombi or atheromatous change. The rats in the AP group showed less prominent fat infiltration of the vessel wall and fewer mural thrombi than those of the A or AT groups. This work suggests that it would be advantageous to administer anti-coagulant and/or anti-atherogenic medication after vascular anastomosis and to maintain that therapy throughout the duration of the healing process. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 Differential Hypothermiaのハムスター移植腫瘍におよぼす影響について II. T-抗原の蛍光抗体法による検索 979 994 EN Takeo Ohashi T-antigens of transplanted hamster tumors induced by human adenovirus type 12 were studied by fluorescent antibody technique within 24 hours after differential hypothermia (DH) treatment, in which one side cheek pouch tumor was warmed at 37±1℃ under generalized hypothermia of the body and the other side tumor at 20±1℃ for 10 hours. A high proportion of the tumor cells in the viable portions of the control tumors demonstrated specific fluorescent staining in three type. The most striking and consistent pattern was the presence of numerous fluorescent particles in the cytoplasm, which were granular and fleck-like shapes. A second type of fluorescence was fluorescent particles in the nucleus in addition to the cytoplasmic staining, and a third type was homogenous staining of nucleus. Immediately after DH treatment, the treated warmed tumor cells presented diminution of fluorescent staining, especially large numbers of granular fluorescences in the cytoplasms. Fleck-like and homogenous nuclear staining of the treated tumor cells scattered even at 10 and 15 hours after DH treatment, when treated tumor cells revealed necrobiotic findings in sections of HE and nucleic acid stain. But no fluorescence was observed at 20 and 24 hours after DH treatment, while not-treated hypothermic tumor cells demonstrated about same fluorescent staining as control tumor cells. It was suggested that cytoplasmic granular fluorescence diminished because DH treatment had an effect on thermo-sensitivity of T-antigen because DH treatment had an effect on thermo-sensitivity of T-antigen and/or inhibited T-antigen production, as well as loss of flecklike and hemogenous nuclear fluorescence was due to tumor cell necrosis by DH treatment. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 Differential Hypothermiaのハムスター移植腫瘍におよぼす影響について I) Shallow Differential Hypothermiaと抗癌剤併用の効果について 955 977 EN Takeo Ohashi How to treat the malignant brain tumors has been one of the biggest problems in neurosurgery. It has been in the past, and it is still now. In addition to surgical removal of tumors, various non-surgical method have been tried for the treatment of malignant gliomas. The use of heating or of cooling are some of these methods. They have been tried for a long time. Already in 1866 Busch,W. observed disappearance of sarcoma in patients suffering from erysipelas. Westermark,N. in 1927 observed that rat transplanted tumors were caused to disappear by exposing to heating, while the adjacent normal tissues were not damaged under conditions lethal to the tumors. In 1960 Woodhall,B. heated tumors locally that were perfused with chemotherapy. Shingleton,W.W., in 1962, heated localized tumor tissue on the patients with cancer, combined with regional chemotherapy under generalized hypothermia. According to Popovic,V.P. et'al. in 1965, they were first to report that differential hypothermia, keeping tumors normothermic under total body hypothermia at a temperature of 4℃ during a period of 10 hours in experimental animals, induced disappearance of tumor without resuming their growth afterward. Popovic,V.P., et al. in 1966 carried out further experiments and observed that tumors of the animals disappeared also subsequent to cooling whole body to 4℃ for 1 hours with anti-tumor agent, as well as to cooling whole body to 30℃ for 24 hours without chemotherapy while the tumor kept at 37℃. However, in order to induce tumor disappearance the differential hypothermia has to last at least 4℃ for 1-10 hours, or 30℃ for 24 hours. Since deep hypothermia lasting several hours or shallow hypothermia for long time is not well tolerated in non-hibernators, namely human beings, present experiment has been performed in an attempt to simulate the conditions of clinical work as close as possible. For this purpose the bodies of 22 hamsters were mildly cooled to a temperature of 30℃, while cheek pouch transplanted tumors induced originally by adenovirus type 12 remained uncooled at 37℃ for 10 hours (Fig. 1, 2). The dose of 50mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered intraperitoneally in single injection at the beginning of treatment of shallow differential hypothermia (Table 1, Fig. 2). This resulted in that within 7 days later 4 out of 22 tumors (20 % ) disappeared completely without resuming their growth afterward, and 12 out of 22 tumors (55 % ) regressed temporarily for a period of 10 days after treatment (Table 2, 3, Fig. 6-b, 8). When the same amount of 5-FU was administered into normothermic tumor-bearing animals or into hypothermic animals with hypothermic tumors, tumor size of the animals was not affected (Table 1, Fig. 5-a, 6-a). When shallow differential hypothermia was treated without any anti-tumor agent, neither normothermic tumor size nor hypothermic one of the animals was also affected (Table 1, Fig. 7-a). Histological findings were degeneration of tumor cells. Stainability of nucleolar RNA and nuclear DNA by means of methyl green-pyronine and Feulgen's methods was decreased already immediately after the shallow differential hypothermia treatment for 10 hours with 5-FU administration (Fig. 10-a). This was followed by, at 24 hours after the treatment, marked decreasing and loss of the stainability of nucleolar RNA and nuclear DNA as well as dismixture of chromatin and karyolysis of nuclei (Fig. 11-a, b). Scattered necrotic foci in the tumor tissue were obviously revealed 48 hours after the treatment. Tumor cells showed selectively these degenerative finding after treatment, while adjacent mucosal tissue of cheek pouch preserved their normal appearance almost wholly even 12 hours after the treatment (Fig. 10-c). Although inflammatory cell infiltration was observed 48 hours after the treatment, and followed by fibrocytic fibrosis in the submucosa thereafter, degenerative and necrotic change was never showed (Fig. 11-c, 12-a, b). The author discussed that 1) combination with differential hypothermia and anti-tumor agent was effective for experimental tumor, 2) selective destroying and normothermic state of the treatment should be useful for non-surgical therapy of malignant brain tumor, as well as 3) cellular sensitive function of differential hypothermia might be exsisted in nucleolus or nucleus of tumor cell. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 ヒトリンパ芽球様細胞株における免疫グロブリン産生の研究 949 953 EN Tadaatsu Akagi Yuzo Matsuda Membrane-associated (M-Ig) and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (C-Ig) of 4 human lymphoblastoid cell lines and 3 clones isolated from one of them were examined by immunofluorescence test. It was found that individual cells produced only a single type of light chain components and one or more types of heavy chain components of Ig. There was no specific correlation between the Ig types of M-Ig and C-Ig. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 正常および病的小動脈吻合部の治癒機転に関する組織学的，組織化学的研究 929 948 EN Toshiaki Kageyama Recent developments in microsurgical techniques have brought about the possibility of restoration of the main branches of the cerebral arterial blood flow resulting from obstructive conditions. These arteries usually indicate pathological alterations. However, there are only a few reports on the healing processes of the anastomotic sites on the pathological arterial wall. In the present study, the histological and histochemical healing processes were investigated in an anastomotic site of normal and pathological arterial walls. Ninety-two normal rats and 96 Goldblatt rats were used. End-to-end anastomosis was performed on the left common carotid artery by microsurgical technique. The patency rates of anastomosis were 71.6 % in normal rats and 73.0 % in Goldblatt rats. Patent anastomosed arteries were observed at various post-operative periods, ranging from 24 hours to 12 weeks. For histological studies, hematoxylin-eosin and Van Giesen stainings were used. For histochemical studies, lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxydase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were examined. Goldblatt rats were divided into two groups histologically. One group had a slight degeneration of the medial muscle, and the other group had a marked degeneration. This histological difference between the two groups was probably due to blood pressure. A histological examination revealed a healing stage at four weeks in the former group and the histochemical study showed healing at eight weeks in the former group. There was no significant difference on the healing process between the former group and normal rats. Goldblatt rats which showed marked degenerative changes of the medial muscle indicated a poor healing process with granulation in the outer regions of medial necrotic areas. At 12 weeks after anastomosis, histological examination still showed the prominent and widespread degenerative changes on the medial wall. The histochemical examinations of this group revealed few enzymatic activities in the media in areas adjacent to the anastomosis, although rather higher activities were observed in the adventitia in granulation areas adjacent to the anastomotic site. But alkaline phosphatase in the adventitia around the anastomotic site markedly decreased in activity. These decreased activities of the alkaline phosphatase were probably due to destruction of the vasa vasorum. These findings suggested that the cause of these prominent and widespread necrotic regions were due to the absence of circulating blood which was stopped by temporarily clipping and destruction of the vasa vasorum during the operation. But, normal and slight degenerative arterial walls did not indicate such prominent changes. It was suggested from these experimental study that the pathological arterial walls were easily injured in the ischemic condition during the operation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 各種神経系疾患における髄液免疫グロブリンE(IgE)動態 913 927 EN Toshiyuki Hayabara Immunoglobulin E was measured in concentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of controls and patients with various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The radioimmunoaasay method was used for IgE and the single radial immunodiffusion method was used for other immunoglobulins. IgE in CSF was able to quantify in 86.4 % of 118 cases, and then, it is thought that there is quantitative IgE component in normal CSF. In controls (N=23) IgE contents ranged from 0.03 to 0.71 U/ml (M: 0.28 U/ml). IgE /100mg of total protein ratio in CSF ranged from 0.06 to 1.52 (M: 0.61 ). Then, it is suspected that normal value of IgE and IgE % is below 0.8 U/ml and 1.6. The CSF/serum ratio of IgE was about 0.1 % (0.08-0.12 % ). This value is larger than that of IgM, and smaller than that of IgA and suggests immunoglobulin permeability through the blood-brain-CSF barrier in reverse proportion to molecular weight. In pathological CSF, the increase of IgE was related to the increase of total protein, IgG, IgA and IgM levels but IgD. IgE level was increased in 19 of 84 cases (22.6 % ), especially high IgE level was seen in acute inflammatory diseases of central nervous system but in chronic disorders (for example dementia paralytica). Otherwise, polyradiculoneuritis and diseases with abnormality of CSF dynamics or brain atrophy, revealed the tendency of high IgE levels. In these disorders, the increase of IgE was parallel with total protein level, IgG and other immunoglobulins in most cases. The incidence of high IgE level in MS was 3 of 15 cases, but these increases of IgE were not corelated with abnormalities of other components in CSF and it was revealed the possibility of another pathophysiological process of IgE from IgG and other immunoglobulins in central nervous system. No relationship was present between the incidence of high CSF IgE level and various factors such as clinical stage, suspected lesion and severity of disturbance in MS. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 視神経炎に関する神経学的観察―その疫学と髄液所見― 903 911 EN Toshiyuki Hayabara Seiso Yabuki Hideaki Fukui Masaki Chuda Reiko Namba Hisao Ikeda Saburo Otsuki 原因不明のmonosymptomaticな視神経炎および視神経萎縮の60例に対し,アンケートによる初診後の経過を調べ,初診時の髄液検査(39例)の結果と合せ検討した.1)症例の発症年令は,思春期前および初老期後は著しく少なく,性別は男女同数だが,経過別にみると,緩徐発症慢性経過は男性に,急激発症反復は女性に多い.2)発症誘因に,発熱・感冒・過労などがあり, MSに類似する.3)後に神経症状を呈したのは6例で,急激発症例の15.4 % にあたる.うちMSへ移行したのは3例7.7 % である.球後視神経炎のみに限ると, 18例中3例16.7 % である.4)眼底所見,罹患側,臨床経過などを分析すると,各々,球後視神経炎,両側非同時性,急激発症反復型がMSへの指向を示す.5) 髄液では,軽度細胞数増多,軽度蛋白量増加を示す.蛋白分画ではalbuminの減少,fast α(2)-globulin＋transferrinの増加,γ-globulinの増加の他pre-albuminの増加がうかがえた.6)眼底所見別にみると,蛋白量は視神経炎で高値であるのに対し,IgG,IgG % は球後視神経炎で増加を示す.罹患側別にみると,片側性および両側非同時性においてγ-globulinの増加を認む.経過別にみると反復型およびMS移行群で,蛋白量, γ-globulinの増加を示す,又MS移行の3例中2例で,初回発作時にMS的髄液所見(γ-globulinの選択的増加, IgG, IgG % の増加)を示した. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 羊水細胞培養による染色体異常の出生前診断 895 902 EN Tadaatsu Akagi The methods for cultivation of amniotic fluid cells were described. Transabdominal amniocenteses were performed for prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities. Successful cultures for karyotyping were accomplished in 12 of 13 samples obtained from 12 patients. In one case karyotypic analysis of cultivated amniotic fluid cells revealed a karyotype of 45, X and then therapeutic abortion was performed. The karyotype of cultivated fetal skin and umbilical cord blood cells was 45, X/45, XX mosaicism. The necropsy of the aborted fetus disclosed pure gonadal dysgenesis. Prenatal genetic diagnosis with cultivated amniotic fluid cells is useful for monitoring of high-risk pregnancies. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 ラット肝上清中に共存せる細胞増殖抑制因子と促進因子の肝再生誘導による活性変換について 883 894 EN Toshitake Fujii Responding mechanism of regenerating hepatocytes induced by partial hepatectomy was studied. 1) Fibroblast inhibitory and stimulatory factors on fibroblast proliferation co-exist in the same rat liver supernatant, and they were simply isolated each other by ethanol fractionation. 2) These factors have protein components and lose the biological activities by heat-treatment, and they show the competitive activity each other, respectively. 3) In regenerating liver, stimulatory factor(s) was not remarkably changed, but inhibitory one almost lost the inhibitory activity. These phenomena are very rational and suitable for hepatocyte regeneration. 4) The inhibitory activity was separatedly eluted by DEAE-cellulose chromatography of inactive regenerating liver fraction, and new peak that did not exist in normal inhibitory fraction was detected in polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis of regenerating liver same fraction. 5) These phenomena suggest that a possible new anti-inhibitory factor(s) would be formed by partial hepatectomy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 等尺性握力負荷の左室機能に及ぼす影響―健常成人に対する心エコー図による評価― 877 882 EN Mamoru Tago Isometric handgrip exercise were performed to evaluate the left ventricular performances in fifteen normal adults by echocardiography. The following parameters increased significantly during isometric handgrip exercise. blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, stroke work index, contractile index. The normal hearts responded to the increase of afterload during isometric exercise by increased heart rate but the promotion of contractile state was not seen, so it was thought that the wall stress or the wall thickness increased. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 癌進展性と担癌生体リンパ球の有する活性の相関 865 875 EN Yoshio Uchida As a link in the studies on biological activity of lymphocytes in the mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites cancer and in cancer patients the correlation between machrophage migration inhibitory activity (MIF-activity) and the progress of cancer was investigated, and the results are presented briefly as follows. 1. MIF activity in the mouse transplanted s.c. with 5x10(6) Ehrlich cancer cells first appears markedly in the regional lymph nodes and the MIF activity disappears about 10 days after the cancer transplantation. 2. In three cases (8.6%) out of 36 having benign diseases MIF activity is positive. 3. In measuring the MIF activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 71 gastric cancer patients before operation, those showing positive or pseudo-positive activity of MIF are 24 cases, being 33.9% of the total. MIF activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes before operationin the cases of Stage II is 41.7% , in those of Stage III it is 29.0% and in those of Stage IV it is 15.4% , indicating that the positive rate of MIF declines as the cancer progresses. Lymphocytes of the lymph nodes extirpated during operation show a similar tendency. 4. In comparing MIF activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of gastric cancer patients before operation with that after operation, the activity in Stage II before operation is 41.7% as against 0% after operation, that in Stage III it is 29.0 % before operation and 10.5% after operation, showing amarked decrease, while that in Stage IV, in contrast, rises from 15.4% to 23.1%. Usually the MIF activity disappears when tumor removal is completely performed, but in the cases of progressive cancer the MIF activity seems to be sustained. 5. Looking at the cross reaction, in gastric cancer cases with positive MIF activity for autochthonous antigen they show 42.9% positivity against heterogenous antigen. Besides we have observed the cross reaction between gastric cancer and colon cancer as well as between colon cancer and gastric cancer. The foregoing findings indicate that in human cancer just as in animal cancer MIF activity first appears in the regional lymph nodes, which tends to decrease and disappears as the cancer advances. Since there can be observed a marked cross reaction between gastric cancer patients, MIF would serve as a useful criterion for the discovery of gastric cancer and for the determination of prognosis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 歯髄の脂質に関する研究 II ラット切歯歯髄の脂質過酸化反応 859 863 EN Gonosuke Hashimoto 1) ラット切歯歯髄のホモゲネートにおいてFe(++)誘導脂質過酸化反応活性が認められた.エックス線全身照射(1000R)したラットより分離した歯髄ホモゲネートのFe(++)誘導脂質過酸化反応は非照射のそれに比して促進がみられた. 2) ラット切歯歯髄脂質の構成脂質中で,過酸化反応を誘起し易い脂質はリン脂質で,中性脂質ではほとんど誘起されなかった. 3) リン脂質中,そのリン脂質構成の大部分をしめるボスファチジルコリン,ホスファチジルエタノールアミン,ホスファチジルセリンにおいて過酸化反応が誘起し得た.中でもホスファチジルエタノールアミンの脂質重量当りの比活性が最も高い値を示した. 4) リン脂質の脂肪酸組成では,アラキドン酸をはじめ,不飽和含量が多く,トリグリセリドではアラキドン酸はみられなかった. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 歯髄の脂質に関する研究 I ラット切歯歯髄の脂質ならびに脂肪酸組成の解析と放射線全身照射による変動 851 858 EN Gonosuke Hashimoto ラット切歯歯髄の脂質組成ならびに脂肪酸組成を解析するとともに,あわせてエックス線全身照射の各々の組成に及ぼす影響を研究し次の如き結果を得た.(1)切歯歯髄の総脂質含量は蛋白量相対比にして0.26の値を得た.エックス線全身照射群(1000R照射後3日目のもの)の歯髄も同様0.26の値を得,その差は得られなかった.(2)正常切歯歯髄の総脂質の脂肪酸組成において,パルミチン酸,オイレン酸,ステアリン酸,アラキドン酸,リノール酸の順に主成分として認められ,前三脂肪酸で78%以上を占めた.エックス線全身照射群においてはオレイン酸の減少,アラキドン酸の増加が認められた.口腔領域への部分照射(1000R)でも同様の傾向がみられた.(3)正常切歯歯髄の脂質構成としてリン脂質,コレステロール,トリグリセリド,コレステロールエステルが主成分として認められ,リン脂質は45 % ,コレステロールは30 % を占めた.エックス線全身照射群ではリン脂質,トリグリセリドの構成比に変動はみられなかったが,コレステロールの減少とコレステロールエステルの増加が認められた.(4)正常切歯歯髄リン脂質の構成を各種呈色反応で仮同定した結果,レシチン,ホスファチジルエタノールアミン,ホスファチジルセリンが主成分として90 % 以上を占めた.特にホスファチジルセリン含量が多いのが注目される.照射群ではレシチンの増加,ホスファチジルセリンの減少など若干の組成比に変動がみられたが,対照との差は有意とは言えなかった. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 89 7-8 1977 悪性腫瘍自家移植の成立におよぼす細胞性免疫能,とくにphytohemagglutininに対するリンパ球幼若化能の影響に関する臨床的ならびに実験的研究 819 849 EN Kensaku Ono 1) T cell population and blastogenic activity against both phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweek mitogen (PWM) were assayed in twenty patients, whose malignant neoplasma had been eradicated by surgery before more than six months, when the first clinical evidence of the recurrence was observed during the period of postoperative control. A deterioration of the blastogenic activity of the lymphocyte to PHA was highly significant, compaired with that in healthy subjects and patients who have had radical surgery for their neoplasm but showed no evidence of the recurrence. It was noted that this deterioration occurred regardlessly of the interval between the surgery and the recurrence and also of the mode of recurrent lesion. No remarkable differences were observed in the T cell population and the blastogenic activity to PWM among these three groups. 2) Swiss mice were undergone subcutaneous autotransplantation of isolated tumor cells from their own methylcholanthrene-induced leg sarcoma after surgical removal of the tumor. The establishment of the autotransplantation and the growth of the tumor was daily observed and the blastogenic activity of the splenic lymphocyte to PHA was assayed 14 days after the tumor implantation. Neither a period before the tumor take nor cumulative incidence of the take were correlated with the blastogenic activity of the splenic cell. However, the individual size of the tumors 14 days after the transplantation was markedly smaller in mice having the blastogenic activity higher than the mean value in the group than in those having the activity lower than the mean. Thus the reverse correlation between the tumor size and the blastogenic activity ratio were statistically significant (p<0.01). An additional skin homograft performed simultaneously with the tumor inoculation resulted in the apparent increase in the number of the mice showing the blastogenic ratio higher than the mean in the non-grafted control, and this caused further inhibition of the tumor growth, showing also the significant reverse correlatio between the tumor size and the blastogenic ratio (p<0.01). B. C. G. inoculation, before, at and after the tumor transplantation, caused marked decrease in the mitogenic activity of the splenic cell, but the tumor growth was significantly detarded and the reverse correlation between the tumor size and the blastogenic ratio among the individual mice was preserved as in the above two experiments. In mice administered with Cephranthin, daily for 14 successive days starting with the tumor transplantation, the tumor growth inhibition of slight grade was observed as late as 14 days following the tumor inoculation and no significant effect on the blastogenic activity of the splenic cell was observed, and though the reverse correlation above was affirmed it was not highly significant (p<0.05). 3) From the results mentioned above, the author intended to conclude that the reverse correlation between tumor growth and blastogenic activity of the lymphoid cell does exist and even the nonspecific immunopotentiation contribute to bestow the ability for the lymphoid cell to suppress the tumor growth by potentiation of the blastogenic activity, even in mechanism of establishment of autotransplantation of malignant tumor in the subject whose malignant neoplasma was eradicated, as in cancer bearing hosts. Additionally, the possibility that deterioration of the blastogenic activity of the lymphoid cell may play a role of triggering effect for dormant cancer cell to obtain a growing ability was presumed and a possibility of significant contribution to this mechanism of cell- mediated cancer immunity other than that can be assessed by mitogenic activity of the lymphoid cell was also discussed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.