start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=6 cd-vols= no-issue=S1 article-no= start-page=7 end-page=12 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=202504 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Basic biology is not just “for the birds”: how avian studies have informed us about vertebrate reproduction en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Avian reproductive physiology has been studied for centuries, largely because of the importance of birds as food animals. It is likely that the ubiquity and ease of access to domesticated chickens led to them being used in some of the first experiments on transplantation of endocrine structures—in this case, the testes. Since then, study of seasonal changes in reproductive physiology (photoperiodism) in different orders of bird species has led to advances in the understanding of endocrine regulation of reproductive physiology and behavior. These include mechanisms of adult neuroplasticity, sexual selection, sperm competition, stress physiology, and circadian physiology. Here, we focus mainly on the discovery in birds of a neuropeptide named gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone that mostly has inhibitory effects on reproduction. This hormone has since been shown to exist in all mammals studied to date, including humans (it is known as RFamide-related peptide in mammals). We discuss the history and implications of avian studies on gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone/RFamide-related peptide for human reproductive biology. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=BentleyGeorge E. en-aut-sei=Bentley en-aut-mei=George E. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AizawaSayaka en-aut-sei=Aizawa en-aut-mei=Sayaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Integrative Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=GnRH kn-keyword=GnRH en-keyword=GnIH kn-keyword=GnIH en-keyword=RFamide kn-keyword=RFamide END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=37 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=koaf142 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250610 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Pancentromere analysis of Allium species reveals diverse centromere positions in onion and gigantic centromeres in garlic en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In eukaryotes, centromeres interact with the kinetochore for distribution of genetic information in cell division, yet their sequence and size are diverse among species. However, their position on chromosomes is considered to be conserved within a species. In this study, we analyzed the centromeres of 3 Allium species, namely, Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum), onion (Allium cepa), and garlic (Allium sativum) via pancentromere analysis and repetitive sequence analysis of centromeres and their neighborhoods and revealed their mobility, sequence organization, and size. Among the 3 species, Welsh onion and garlic had stable centromeres, but the onion centromere appeared to be polymorphic and frequently differed in position by up to 28.0 Mb among cultivars and between multiple individuals of the same cultivar. This mobility was stabilized by hybridization with Welsh onions. Furthermore, these 3 species have very different centromere sequence organization, including differences in the existence and maturity of centromeric satellites, and differences in centromere size, with Welsh onion having a centromere of 1.9 Mb, and garlic having a centromere of ∼10.6 Mb, the largest of any organism with monocentric chromosomes analyzed to date. Our pancentromere analysis of these Allium species reveals the variation in sequence organization, size, and position of this important chromosomal region. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NagakiKiyotaka en-aut-sei=Nagaki en-aut-mei=Kiyotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UshijimaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Ushijima en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiTakashi en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaKeisuke en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiHisato en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Hisato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=263 end-page=272 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240607 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Light-Responsive and Antibacterial Graphenic Materials as a Holistic Approach to Tissue Engineering en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=While the continuous development of advanced bioprinting technologies is under fervent study, enhancing the regenerative potential of hydrogel-based constructs using external stimuli for wound dressing has yet to be tackled. Fibroblasts play a significant role in wound healing and tissue implants at different stages, including extracellular matrix production, collagen synthesis, and wound and tissue remodeling. This study explores the synergistic interplay between photothermal activity and nanomaterial-mediated cell proliferation. The use of different graphene-based materials (GBM) in the development of photoactive bioinks is investigated. In particular, we report the creation of a skin-inspired dressing for wound healing and regenerative medicine. Three distinct GBM, namely, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene platelets (GP), were rigorously characterized, and their photothermal capabilities were elucidated. Our investigations revealed that rGO exhibited the highest photothermal efficiency and antibacterial properties when irradiated, even at a concentration as low as 0.05 mg/mL, without compromising human fibroblast viability. Alginate-based bioinks alongside human fibroblasts were employed for the bioprinting with rGO. The scaffold did not affect the survival of fibroblasts for 3 days after bioprinting, as cell viability was not affected. Remarkably, the inclusion of rGO did not compromise the printability of the hydrogel, ensuring the successful fabrication of complex constructs. Furthermore, the presence of rGO in the final scaffold continued to provide the benefits of photothermal antimicrobial therapy without detrimentally affecting fibroblast growth. This outcome underscores the potential of rGO-enhanced hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Our findings hold promise for developing game-changer strategies in 4D bioprinting to create smart and functional tissue constructs with high fibroblast proliferation and promising therapeutic capabilities in drug delivery and bactericidal skin-inspired dressings. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FerrerasAndrea en-aut-sei=Ferreras en-aut-mei=Andrea kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatesanzAna en-aut-sei=Matesanz en-aut-mei=Ana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MendizabalJabier en-aut-sei=Mendizabal en-aut-mei=Jabier kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArtolaKoldo en-aut-sei=Artola en-aut-mei=Koldo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinaYuta en-aut-sei=Nishina en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AcedoPablo en-aut-sei=Acedo en-aut-mei=Pablo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=JorcanoJosé L. en-aut-sei=Jorcano en-aut-mei=José L. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=RuizAmalia en-aut-sei=Ruiz en-aut-mei=Amalia kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ReinaGiacomo en-aut-sei=Reina en-aut-mei=Giacomo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MartínCristina en-aut-sei=Martín en-aut-mei=Cristina kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Domotek ingeniería prototipado y formación S.L. kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Domotek ingeniería prototipado y formación S.L. kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid kn-affil= en-keyword=photothermal therapy kn-keyword=photothermal therapy en-keyword=graphene derivatives kn-keyword=graphene derivatives en-keyword=4D bioprinting kn-keyword=4D bioprinting en-keyword=alginate kn-keyword=alginate en-keyword=tissue engineering kn-keyword=tissue engineering END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=uhae248 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240904 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A low-cost dpMIG-seq method for elucidating complex inheritance in polysomic crops: a case study in tetraploid blueberry en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Next-generation sequencing (NGS) library construction often requires high-quality DNA extraction, precise adjustment of DNA concentration, and restriction enzyme digestion to reduce genome complexity, which results in increased time and cost in sample preparation and processing. To address these challenges, a PCR-based method for rapid NGS library preparation, named dpMIG-seq, has been developed and proven effective for high-throughput genotyping. However, the application of dpMIG-seq has been limited to diploid and polyploid species with disomic inheritance. In this study, we obtained genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for tetraploid blueberry to evaluate genotyping and downstream analysis outcomes. Comparison of genotyping qualities inferred across samples with different DNA concentrations and multiple bioinformatics approaches revealed high accuracy and reproducibility of dpMIG-seq-based genotyping, with Pearson's correlation coefficients between replicates in the range of 0.91 to 0.98. Furthermore, we demonstrated that dpMIG-seq enables accurate genotyping of samples with low DNA concentrations. Subsequently, we applied dpMIG-seq to a tetraploid F1 population to examine the inheritance probability of parental alleles. Pairing configuration analysis supported the random meiotic pairing of homologous chromosomes on a genome-wide level. On the other hand, preferential pairing was observed on chr-11, suggesting that there may be an exception to the random pairing. Genotypic data suggested quadrivalent formation within the population, although the frequency of quadrivalent formation varied by chromosome and cultivar. Collectively, the results confirmed applicability of dpMIG-seq for allele dosage genotyping and are expected to catalyze the adoption of this cost-effective and rapid genotyping technology in polyploid studies. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NagasakaKyoka en-aut-sei=Nagasaka en-aut-mei=Kyoka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraKazusa en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Kazusa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MotokiKo en-aut-sei=Motoki en-aut-mei=Ko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamagataKeigo en-aut-sei=Yamagata en-aut-mei=Keigo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiyamaSoichiro en-aut-sei=Nishiyama en-aut-mei=Soichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaneHisayo en-aut-sei=Yamane en-aut-mei=Hisayo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaoRyutaro en-aut-sei=Tao en-aut-mei=Ryutaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanoRyohei en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Ryohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakazakiTetsuya en-aut-sei=Nakazaki en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue=14 article-no= start-page=6927 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250718 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Inhibitory Effects of Vandetanib on Catecholamine Synthesis in Rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 Cells en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Gain-of-function gene alterations in rearranged during transfection (RET), a receptor tyrosine kinase, are observed in both sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs) and pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target RET have been proven to be effective on MTCs and PCCs. Recently, TKIs, namely, sunitinib and selpercatinib, which were clinically used to target PPGLs, have been reported to decrease catecholamine levels without reducing tumor size. Our clinical case of metastatic medullary thyroid cancer, which is associated with RET mutations undergoing treatment with vandetanib, also suggests that vandetanib can decrease catecholamine levels. Therefore, we investigated the effect of vandetanib, a representative multi-targeted TKI for RET-related MTC, on cell proliferation and catecholamine synthesis in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Vandetanib reduced viable cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The dopamine and noradrenaline levels of the cell lysate were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. They also decreased more prominently at lower concentrations of vandetanib compared to the inhibition of cell proliferation. The RNA knockdown study of Ret revealed that this inhibitory effect on catecholamine synthesis is mainly mediated by the suppression of RET signaling. Next, we focused on two signaling pathways downstream of RET, namely, ERK and AKT signaling. Treatment with vandetanib reduced both ERK and AKT phosphorylation in PC12 cells. Moreover, both an MEK inhibitor U0126 and a PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 suppressed catecholamine synthesis without decreasing viable cells. This study in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells reveals the direct inhibitory effects of vandetanib on catecholamine synthesis via the suppression of RET-ERK and RET-AKT signaling. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ItohYoshihiko en-aut-sei=Itoh en-aut-mei=Yoshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=InagakiKenichi en-aut-sei=Inagaki en-aut-mei=Kenichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TerasakaTomohiro en-aut-sei=Terasaka en-aut-mei=Tomohiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorimotoEisaku en-aut-sei=Morimoto en-aut-mei=Eisaku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshiiTakahiro en-aut-sei=Ishii en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaokaKimitomo en-aut-sei=Yamaoka en-aut-mei=Kimitomo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujisawaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Fujisawa en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=WadaJun en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=tyrosine kinase inhibitor kn-keyword=tyrosine kinase inhibitor en-keyword=multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 kn-keyword=multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 en-keyword=paraganglioma kn-keyword=paraganglioma en-keyword=RET kn-keyword=RET en-keyword=ERK kn-keyword=ERK en-keyword=AKT kn-keyword=AKT END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250303 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Recent progress in oculopharyngodistal myopathy research from clinical and genetic viewpoints en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) is a rare muscular disorder characterized by ocular symptoms, pharyngeal symptoms, facial weakness, and distal predominant limb muscle weakness. The cause of the disease was unknown for a long time. Recently, however, it has been reported that expansions of CGG or CCG repeats in LRP12, LOC642361/NUTM2B-AS1, GIPC1, NOTCH2NLC, RILPL1, and ABCD3 are the causes of the disease. Cases sometimes present with neurological symptoms, and the clinical spectrum of diseases caused by expansions of CGG or CCG repeats has been proposed to be called FNOP-spectrum disorder after the names of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, oculopharyngeal myopathy with leukoencephalopathy, and OPDM. In this article, the recent progress in the field of OPDM is reviewed, and remaining issues in OPDM are discussed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshiuraHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Ishiura en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=oculopharyngodistal myopathy kn-keyword=oculopharyngodistal myopathy en-keyword=CGG repeat kn-keyword=CGG repeat en-keyword=CCG repeat kn-keyword=CCG repeat en-keyword=repeat motif–phenotype correlation kn-keyword=repeat motif–phenotype correlation en-keyword=FNOP-spectrum disorder kn-keyword=FNOP-spectrum disorder END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=4175 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250505 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Structure of a photosystem II-FCPII supercomplex from a haptophyte reveals a distinct antenna organization en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Haptophytes are unicellular algae that produce 30 to 50% of biomass in oceans. Among haptophytes, a subset named coccolithophores is characterized by calcified scales. Despite the importance of coccolithophores in global carbon fixation and CaCO3 production, their energy conversion system is still poorly known. Here we report a cryo-electron microscopic structure of photosystem II (PSII)-fucoxanthin chlorophyll c-binding protein (FCPII) supercomplex from Chyrostila roscoffensis, a representative of coccolithophores. This complex has two sets of six dimeric and monomeric FCPIIs, with distinct orientations. Interfaces of both FCPII/FCPII and FCPII/core differ from previously reported. We also determine the sequence of Psb36, a subunit previously found in diatoms and red algae. The principal excitation energy transfer (EET) pathways involve mainly 5 FCPIIs, where one FCPII monomer mediates EET to CP47. Our findings provide a solid structural basis for EET and energy dissipation pathways occurring in coccolithophores. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=La RoccaRomain en-aut-sei=La Rocca en-aut-mei=Romain kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoKoji en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsaiPi-Cheng en-aut-sei=Tsai en-aut-mei=Pi-Cheng kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakajimaYoshiki en-aut-sei=Nakajima en-aut-mei=Yoshiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkitaFusamichi en-aut-sei=Akita en-aut-mei=Fusamichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShenJian-Ren en-aut-sei=Shen en-aut-mei=Jian-Ren kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Advanced Research Field, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Advanced Research Field, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Advanced Research Field, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Advanced Research Field, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Advanced Research Field, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Advanced Research Field, Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=e70091 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250507 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 Requires Seven Type III Effectors to Infect Nicotiana benthamiana en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Type III effectors (T3Es), virulence factors injected into plant cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS), play essential roles in the infection of host plants. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pta 6605) is the causal agent of wildfire disease in tobacco and harbours at least 22 T3Es in its genome. However, the specific T3Es required by Pta 6605 to infect Nicotiana benthamiana remain unidentified. In this study, we investigated the T3Es that contribute to Pta 6605 infection of N. benthamiana. We constructed Pta 6605 poly-T3E-deficient mutants (Pta DxE) and inoculated them into N. benthamiana. Flood assay, which mimics natural opening-based entry, showed that mutant strains lacking 14-22 T3Es, namely, Pta D14E-D22E mutants, exhibited reduced disease symptoms. By contrast, infiltration inoculation, which involves direct injection into leaves, showed that the Pta D14E to Pta D20E mutants developed disease symptoms. Notably, the Pta D20E, containing AvrE1 and HopM1, induced weak but observable symptoms upon infiltration inoculation. Conversely, no symptoms were observed in either the flood assay or infiltration inoculation for Pta D21E and Pta D22E. Taken together, these findings indicate that the many T3Es such as AvrPto4/AvrPtoB, HopW1/HopAE1, and HopM1/AvrE1 in Pta 6605 collectively contribute to invasion through natural openings and symptom development in N. benthamiana. This study provides the basis for understanding virulence in the host by identifying the minimum T3E repertoire required by Pta 6605 to infect N. benthamiana. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuroeKana en-aut-sei=Kuroe en-aut-mei=Kana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraTakafumi en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Takafumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KashiharaSachi en-aut-sei=Kashihara en-aut-mei=Sachi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakataNanami en-aut-sei=Sakata en-aut-mei=Nanami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoMikihiro en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Mikihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoutoshiYoshiteru en-aut-sei=Noutoshi en-aut-mei=Yoshiteru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyodaKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Toyoda en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchinoseYuki en-aut-sei=Ichinose en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuiHidenori en-aut-sei=Matsui en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=poly T3E mutant kn-keyword=poly T3E mutant en-keyword=type III effector kn-keyword=type III effector en-keyword=type III secretion system kn-keyword=type III secretion system END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160908 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=S-nitrosylation of laforin inhibits its phosphatase activity and is implicated in Lafora disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, the relation between S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide (NO), which is over�produced under pathological conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, includingAlzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, has become a focus of attention. Although mostcases of Parkinson’s disease are known to be caused by mutations in the Parkin gene, arecent finding has indicated that S-nitrosylation of Parkin affects its enzymatic activityand leads to the Parkinsonian phenotype. Therefore, it is important to understand thefunction of S-nitrosylated proteins in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.Lafora disease (LD, OMIM 254780) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by theaccumulation of insoluble glucans called Lafora bodies (LBs). LD is caused by mutationsin genes that encode the glucan phosphatase, Laforin, or the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Malin.In this study, we hypothesized that LD may be caused by S-nitrosylation of Laforin,which is similar to the finding that Parkinson’s disease is caused by S-nitrosylation ofParkin. To test this hypothesis, we first determined whether Laforin was S-nitrosylatedusing a biotin switch assay, and compared the three main functions of unmodified andS-nitrosylated Laforin, namely glucan- and Malin-binding activity and phosphataseactivity. Furthermore, we examined whether the numbers of LBs were changed byNO in the cells expressing wild-type Laforin. Here, we report for the first time thatS-nitrosylation of Laforin inhibited its phosphatase activity and that LB formation wasincreased by an NO donor. Our results suggest a possible hypothesis for LD pathogenesis; that is, the decrease in phosphatase activity of Laforin by S-nitrosylation leads toincreased LB formation. Therefore, LD may be caused not only by mutations in theLaforin or Malin genes, but also by the S-nitrosylation of Laforin. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ToyotaRikako en-aut-sei=Toyota en-aut-mei=Rikako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HonjoYasuko en-aut-sei=Honjo en-aut-mei=Yasuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImajoRisa en-aut-sei=Imajo en-aut-mei=Risa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatohAyano en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Ayano kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University; Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University kn-affil= en-keyword=S-Nitrosylation Of Laforin kn-keyword=S-Nitrosylation Of Laforin en-keyword=Post-Translational Modification kn-keyword=Post-Translational Modification en-keyword=Nitrosylation kn-keyword=Nitrosylation en-keyword=Phosphatase kn-keyword=Phosphatase en-keyword=Glucan-Binding kn-keyword=Glucan-Binding END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=108 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250205 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Implementation of Sensor Input Setup Assistance Service Using Generative AI for SEMAR IoT Application Server Platform en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=For rapid deployments of various IoT application systems, we have developed Smart Environmental Monitoring and Analytical in Real-Time (SEMAR) as an integrated server platform. It is equipped with rich functions for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing various data. Unfortunately, the proper configuration of SEMAR with a variety of IoT devices can be complex and challenging for novice users, since it often requires technical expertise. The assistance of Generative AI can be helpful to solve this drawback. In this paper, we present an implementation of a sensor input setup assistance service for SEMAR using prompt engineering techniques and Generative AI. A user needs to define the requirement specifications and environments of the IoT application system for sensor inputs, and give them to the service. Then, the service provides step-by-step guidance on sensor connections, communicating board configurations, network connections, and communication protocols to the user, which can help the user easily set up the configuration to connect the relevant devices to SEMAR. For evaluations, we applied the proposal to the input sensor setup processes of three practical IoT application systems with SEMAR, namely, a smart light, water heater, and room temperature monitoring system. In addition, we applied it to the setup process of an IoT application system for a course for undergraduate students at the Insitut Bisnis dan Teknologi (INSTIKI), Indonesia. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed service for SEMAR. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KotamaI. Nyoman Darma en-aut-sei=Kotama en-aut-mei=I. Nyoman Darma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunabikiNobuo en-aut-sei=Funabiki en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=PandumanYohanes Yohanie Fridelin en-aut-sei=Panduman en-aut-mei=Yohanes Yohanie Fridelin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BrataKomang Candra en-aut-sei=Brata en-aut-mei=Komang Candra kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=PradhanaAnak Agung Surya en-aut-sei=Pradhana en-aut-mei=Anak Agung Surya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Noprianto en-aut-sei=Noprianto en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=DesnanjayaI. Gusti Made Ngurah en-aut-sei=Desnanjaya en-aut-mei=I. Gusti Made Ngurah kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Computer System Engineering, Institute of Business and Technology Indonesia kn-affil= en-keyword=Internet of Things kn-keyword=Internet of Things en-keyword= generative AI kn-keyword= generative AI en-keyword= review kn-keyword= review en-keyword= application server platform kn-keyword= application server platform en-keyword= SEMAR kn-keyword= SEMAR en-keyword= sensor input kn-keyword= sensor input END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=2 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241225 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Enhancing Campus Environment: Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring Through IoT and Web Technologies en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Nowadays, enhancing campus environments through mitigations of air pollutions is an essential endeavor to support academic achievements, health, and safety of students and staffs in higher educational institutes. In laboratories, pollutants from welding, auto repairs, or chemical experiments can drastically degrade the air quality in the campus, endangering the respiratory and cognitive health of students and staffs. Besides, in universities in Indonesia, automobile emissions of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and hydrocarbon (HC) have been a serious problem for a long time. Almost everybody is using a motorbike or a car every day in daily life, while the number of students is continuously increasing. However, people in many campuses including managements do not be aware these problems, since air quality is not monitored. In this paper, we present a real-time air quality monitoring system utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) integrated sensors capable of detecting pollutants and measuring environmental conditions to visualize them. By transmitting data to the SEMAR IoT application server platform via an ESP32 microcontroller, this system provides instant alerts through a web application and Telegram notifications when pollutant levels exceed safe thresholds. For evaluations of the proposed system, we adopted three sensors to measure the levels of CO, NO2, and HC and conducted experiments in three sites, namely, Mechatronics Laboratory, Power and Emission Laboratory, and Parking Lot, at the State Polytechnic of Malang, Indonesia. Then, the results reveal Good, Unhealthy, and Dangerous for them, respectively, among the five categories defined by the Indonesian government. The system highlighted its ability to monitor air quality fluctuations, trigger warnings of hazardous conditions, and inform the campus community. The correlation of the sensor levels can identify the relationship of each pollutant, which provides insight into the characteristics of pollutants in a particular scenario. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=RahmadaniAlfiandi Aulia en-aut-sei=Rahmadani en-aut-mei=Alfiandi Aulia kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SyaifudinYan Watequlis en-aut-sei=Syaifudin en-aut-mei=Yan Watequlis kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SetiawanBudhy en-aut-sei=Setiawan en-aut-mei=Budhy kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=PandumanYohanes Yohanie Fridelin en-aut-sei=Panduman en-aut-mei=Yohanes Yohanie Fridelin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunabikiNobuo en-aut-sei=Funabiki en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Electrical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Information Technology, State Polytechnic of Malang kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Electrical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Information and Communication Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Internet of Things kn-keyword=Internet of Things en-keyword= campus air quality kn-keyword= campus air quality en-keyword= pollutant detection kn-keyword= pollutant detection en-keyword= SEMAR kn-keyword= SEMAR en-keyword= sensor technology kn-keyword= sensor technology en-keyword= web application kn-keyword= web application END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=4 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250114 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Differentially Expressed Nedd4-binding Protein Ndfip1 Protects Neurons Against Methamphetamine-induced Neurotoxicity en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To identify factors involved in methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity, we comprehensively searched for genes which were differentially expressed in mouse striatum after METH administration using differential display (DD) reverse transcription-PCR method and sequent single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and found two DD cDNA fragments later identified as mRNA of Nedd4 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4) WW domain-binding protein 5 (N4WBP5), later named Nedd4 family-interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1). It is an adaptor protein for the binding between Nedd4 of ubiquitin ligase (E3) and target substrate protein for ubiquitination. Northern blot analysis confirmed drastic increases in Ndfip1 mRNA in the striatum after METH injections, and in situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the mRNA expression was increased in the hippocampus and cerebellum at 2 h-2 days, in the cerebral cortex and striatum at 18 h-2 days after single METH administration. The knockdown of Ndfip1 expression with Ndfip1 siRNA significantly aggravated METH-induced neurotoxicity in the cultured monoaminergic neuronal cells. These results suggest that drastic increases in Ndfip1 mRNA is compensatory reaction to protect neurons against METH-induced neurotoxicity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AsanumaMasato en-aut-sei=Asanuma en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyazakiIkuko en-aut-sei=Miyazaki en-aut-mei=Ikuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=CadetJean Lud en-aut-sei=Cadet en-aut-mei=Jean Lud kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Molecular Neuropsychiatry Section, Intramural Research Program, NIH/ NIDA kn-affil= en-keyword=Methamphetamine kn-keyword=Methamphetamine en-keyword=Neurotoxicity kn-keyword=Neurotoxicity en-keyword=Nedd4 kn-keyword=Nedd4 en-keyword=Ndfip1 kn-keyword=Ndfip1 en-keyword=Differential display kn-keyword=Differential display END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=60 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250106 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Novel Drug Delivery Particles Can Provide Dual Effects on Cancer "Theranostics" in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Boron (B) neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a novel non-invasive targeted cancer therapy based on the nuclear capture reaction 10B (n, alpha) 7Li that enables the death of cancer cells without damaging neighboring normal cells. However, the development of clinically approved boron drugs remains challenging. We have previously reported on self-forming nanoparticles for drug delivery consisting of a biodegradable polymer, namely, “AB-type” Lactosome® nanoparticles (AB-Lac particles)- highly loaded with hydrophobic B compounds, namely o-Carborane (Carb) or 1,2-dihexyl-o-Carborane (diC6-Carb), and the latter (diC6-Carb) especially showed the “molecular glue” effect. Here we present in vivo and ex vivo studies with human pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1) cells to find therapeutically optimal formulas and the appropriate treatment conditions for these particles. The biodistribution of the particles was assessed by the tumor/normal tissue ratio (T/N) in terms of tumor/muscle (T/M) and tumor/blood (T/B) ratios using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG). The in vivo and ex vivo accumulation of B delivered by the injected AB-Lac particles in tumor lesions reached a maximum by 12 h post-injection. Irradiation studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo showed that AB-Lac particles-loaded with either 10B-Carb or 10B-diC6-Carb significantly inhibited the growth of AsPC-1 cancer cells or strongly inhibited their growth, with the latter method being significantly more effective. Surprisingly, a similar in vitro and in vivo irradiation study showed that ICG-labeled AB-Lac particles alone, i.e., without any 10B compounds, also revealed a significant inhibition. Therefore, we expect that our ICG-labeled AB-Lac particles-loaded with 10B compound(s) may be a novel and promising candidate for providing not only NIRF imaging for a practical diagnosis but also the dual therapeutic effects of induced cancer cell death, i.e., “theranostics”. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FithroniAbdul Basith en-aut-sei=Fithroni en-aut-mei=Abdul Basith kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueHaruki en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Haruki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhouShengli en-aut-sei=Zhou en-aut-mei=Shengli kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HakimTaufik Fatwa Nur en-aut-sei=Hakim en-aut-mei=Taufik Fatwa Nur kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TadaTakashi en-aut-sei=Tada en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiMinoru en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakuraiYoshinori en-aut-sei=Sakurai en-aut-mei=Yoshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshimotoManabu en-aut-sei=Ishimoto en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaNaoyuki en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Naoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SauriasariRani en-aut-sei=Sauriasari en-aut-mei=Rani kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=SauerweinWolfgang A. G. en-aut-sei=Sauerwein en-aut-mei=Wolfgang A. G. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeKazunori en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Kazunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiTakashi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuuraEiji en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=J-BEAM, Inc. kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Nihon Fukushi Fuiin Holding, Co., Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Deutsche Gesellschaft für Bor-Neutroneneinfangtherapie DGBNCT e.V., University Hospital Essen, Klinik für Strahlentherapie kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) kn-keyword=boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) en-keyword=dual therapeutic effects kn-keyword=dual therapeutic effects en-keyword=Lactosome ® kn-keyword=Lactosome ® en-keyword=hydrophobic boron compound kn-keyword=hydrophobic boron compound en-keyword=neutron irradiation kn-keyword=neutron irradiation en-keyword=theranostics kn-keyword=theranostics END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241224 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=コダマカワザンショウ属の八重山諸島産新種 (腹足綱: クビキレガイ上科: カワザンショウ科) — 同属で世界最北の現生種 kn-title=A new species of Ovassiminea Thiele, 1927 (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Assimineidae) from the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, southern Japan — the northernmost record among recent species of the genus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=沖縄県八重山諸島の西表島・石垣島から新種 Ovassiminea hayasei n. sp. ウラウチコダマカワザンショウを記載する。Ovassiminea Thiele, 1927 コダマカワザンショウ属は西太平洋の熱帯・亜熱帯に分布し, 本新種は同属中で世界最北の現生種である。本新種の産地は極端に狭い範囲に限られ, 沖縄県と環境省のレッドリストで絶滅危惧II類 (VU) とされている。なお文末の Appendix には, これまでに記載されたコダマカワザンショウ属全種 (現生5・化石5) の目録を, 異名表とともに挙げる。 kn-abstract=Ovassiminea hayasei n. sp. is described from mangrove swamps in Iriomote and Ishigaki Islands, of the Yaeyama Islands at the southwestern part of the Ryūkyū Archipelago, Okinawa, Japan. This is the northernmost record among recent species of the genus Ovassiminea Thiele, 1927, which is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Western Pacific. The new species is known to be restricted to extremely narrow ranges and is evaluated as vulnerable in red lists by the governments of Japan and Okinawa Prefecture. A list of all available (five recent and five fossil) species names of Ovassiminea hitherto described, with synonymies, is also given as an Appendix. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FukudaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Fukuda en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuboHirofumi en-aut-sei=Kubo en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Conservation of Aquatic Biodiversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment kn-affil= en-keyword=anatomy kn-keyword=anatomy en-keyword=conservation kn-keyword=conservation en-keyword=description kn-keyword=description en-keyword=endangered species kn-keyword=endangered species en-keyword=estuary kn-keyword=estuary en-keyword=Iriomote Island kn-keyword=Iriomote Island en-keyword=Ishigaki Island kn-keyword=Ishigaki Island en-keyword=mangrove swamp kn-keyword=mangrove swamp en-keyword=salt marsh kn-keyword=salt marsh en-keyword=taxonomy kn-keyword=taxonomy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=78366 end-page=78378 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=2024 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Aromug: A Mug-Type Olfactory Interface to Enhance the Sweetness Perception of Beverages en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Sugary beverages are a significant contributor to sugar consumption, and their excessive consumption is associated with increased risks of elevated blood glucose levels and diabetes. Many individuals have a strong preference for sugary beverages and often find beverages with lower sugar content to be less satisfying. Attempts to switch to less sugary options are frequently short-lived, leading to a return to higher-sugar beverages. Recognizing that 75 – 95% of taste perception is influenced by scent, we investigated a scent-based approach to reduce sugar intake while preserving the perception of sweetness. This study introduces an olfactory interface in the form of a mug named “Aromug,” designed to emit a sweet scent in sync with the drinking action. Aromug incorporates motion sensing and scent presentation functions to enhance the perceived sweetness of a beverage, thereby encouraging a gradual reduction in sugar intake. Our experiments, involving 33 participants, demonstrated that the combined scents of sugar-free coffee and chocolate increased the perception of sweetness (p =1.641×10−2 ). The study also found that the simultaneous presentation of scent and visual cues improved taste satisfaction and sweetness perception. Additionally, we observed variations in sweetness preference related to age and frequency of coffee consumption. It was particularly observed that people in their 20s and those who frequently drink coffee tend to perceive the taste of beverages as sweeter. This suggests a potential for Aromug to customize the scent experience based on individual preferences, offering a novel way to encourage healthier beverage choices. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MayumiDaiki en-aut-sei=Mayumi en-aut-mei=Daiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraYugo en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Yugo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsudaYuki en-aut-sei=Matsuda en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MisakiShinya en-aut-sei=Misaki en-aut-mei=Shinya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasumotoKeiichi en-aut-sei=Yasumoto en-aut-mei=Keiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology kn-affil= en-keyword=Olfaction kn-keyword=Olfaction en-keyword=olfactory interfaces kn-keyword=olfactory interfaces en-keyword=olfactory display kn-keyword=olfactory display en-keyword=scents kn-keyword=scents en-keyword=taste evaluation kn-keyword=taste evaluation en-keyword=smell kn-keyword=smell en-keyword=olfactory perception kn-keyword=olfactory perception en-keyword=behavior change support kn-keyword=behavior change support END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=295 end-page=312 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240722 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A User Location Reset Method through Object Recognition in Indoor Navigation System Using Unity and a Smartphone (INSUS) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To enhance user experiences of reaching destinations in large, complex buildings, we have developed a indoor navigation system using Unity and a smartphone called INSUS. It can reset the user location using a quick response (QR) code to reduce the loss of direction of the user during navigation. However, this approach needs a number of QR code sheets to be prepared in the field, causing extra loads at implementation. In this paper, we propose another reset method to reduce loads by recognizing information of naturally installed signs in the field using object detection and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technologies. A lot of signs exist in a building, containing texts such as room numbers, room names, and floor numbers. In the proposal, the Sign Image is taken with a smartphone, the sign is detected by YOLOv8, the text inside the sign is recognized by PaddleOCR, and it is compared with each record in the Room Database using Levenshtein distance. For evaluations, we applied the proposal in two buildings in Okayama University, Japan. The results show that YOLOv8 achieved mAP@0.5 0.995 and mAP@0.5:0.95 0.978, and PaddleOCR could extract text in the sign image accurately with an averaged CER% lower than 10%. The combination of both YOLOv8 and PaddleOCR decreases the execution time by 6.71s compared to the previous method. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposal. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FajriantiEvianita Dewi en-aut-sei=Fajrianti en-aut-mei=Evianita Dewi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=PandumanYohanes Yohanie Fridelin en-aut-sei=Panduman en-aut-mei=Yohanes Yohanie Fridelin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunabikiNobuo en-aut-sei=Funabiki en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HazAmma Liesvarastranta en-aut-sei=Haz en-aut-mei=Amma Liesvarastranta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BrataKomang Candra en-aut-sei=Brata en-aut-mei=Komang Candra kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SukaridhotoSritrusta en-aut-sei=Sukaridhoto en-aut-mei=Sritrusta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Informatic and Computer, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya kn-affil= en-keyword=indoor navigation system kn-keyword=indoor navigation system en-keyword=INSUS kn-keyword=INSUS en-keyword=location reset method kn-keyword=location reset method en-keyword=natural sign kn-keyword=natural sign en-keyword=text kn-keyword=text en-keyword=YOLO kn-keyword=YOLO en-keyword=PaddleOCR kn-keyword=PaddleOCR END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=1781 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240828 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Novel C-Terminal Truncated Bacteriocin Found by Comparison between Leuconostoc mesenteroides 406 and 213M0 Isolated from Mongolian Traditional Fermented Milk, Airag en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria are known to be useful tools for food biopreservation and fermentation control. Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 406 and 213M0 isolated from different samples of Mongolian traditional fermented milk, airag, had been reported to produce listericidal bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances with similar but slightly different properties. In this study, the antibacterial properties and the related gene sequences of both strains were compared, and then their bacteriocins were purified and identified. Strain 406 was superior to strain 213M0 in cell growth and antibacterial activity against many strains. However, the activity of 213M0 was stronger than that of 406 against a few strains. DNA sequencing revealed two and three plasmids in 406 and 213M0, respectively, and each one of them harbored an almost identical mesentericin Y105-B105 gene cluster. Removal of these plasmids resulted in a complete loss of activity, indicating that the antibacterial activity of both strains was generated by bacteriocins encoded on the plasmids. Mesentericins Y105 and B105 were purified from both cultures, and another novel bacteriocin, named mesentericin M, was identified from the 213M0 culture only. Its structural gene was coded on a 213M0 plasmid and, surprisingly, its C-terminal three amino acid residues were post-translationally cleaved. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a C-terminal truncated bacteriocin. In conclusion, the novel bacteriocin should be mainly responsible for the difference in antibacterial properties between the two strains. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HasiqimugeChihiro en-aut-sei=Hasiqimuge en-aut-mei=Chihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HanoChihiro en-aut-sei=Hano en-aut-mei=Chihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArakawaKensuke en-aut-sei=Arakawa en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaSaki en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Saki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhaoJunliang en-aut-sei=Zhao en-aut-mei=Junliang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TohHidehiro en-aut-sei=Toh en-aut-mei=Hidehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaHidetoshi en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Hidetoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyamotoTaku en-aut-sei=Miyamoto en-aut-mei=Taku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Leuconostoc mesenteroides kn-keyword=Leuconostoc mesenteroides en-keyword=antimicrobial peptide kn-keyword=antimicrobial peptide en-keyword=bacteriocin kn-keyword=bacteriocin en-keyword=Listeria monocytogenes kn-keyword=Listeria monocytogenes en-keyword=fermented milk kn-keyword=fermented milk en-keyword=biopreservation kn-keyword=biopreservation en-keyword=fermentation control kn-keyword=fermentation control en-keyword=post-translational modification kn-keyword=post-translational modification en-keyword=C-terminal cleavage kn-keyword=C-terminal cleavage END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=23 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=167 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240510 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Prognostic value of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease over coronary computed tomography angiography findings: comparison with no-alcoholic fatty liver disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the proposed name change for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the association of cardiovascular disease risk with MASLD and NAFLD in patients who underwent clinically indicated coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).
Methods This retrospective study included 2289 patients (60% men; mean age: 68 years) with no history of coronary artery disease who underwent CCTA. The steatotic liver was defined as a hepatic-to-spleen attenuation ratio of < 1.0 on CT just before CCTA. MASLD is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis along with at least one of the five cardiometabolic risk factors. Adverse CCTA findings were defined as obstructive and/or high-risk plaques. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) encompassed composite coronary events, including cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, and late coronary revascularization.
Results MASLD and NAFLD were identified in 415 (18%) and 368 (16%) patients, respectively. Adverse CCTA findings were observed in 40% and 38% of the patients with MASLD and with NAFLD, respectively. Adverse CCTA findings were significantly associated with MASLD (p = 0.007) but not NAFLD (p = 0.253). During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 102 (4.4%) MACE were observed. MASLD was significantly associated with MACE (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.18-2.83, p = 0.007), while its association with NAFLD was not significant (p = 0.070). By incorporating MASLD into a prediction model of MACE, including the risk score and adverse CCTA findings, global chi-squared values significantly increased from 87.0 to 94.1 (p = 0.008). Conclusions Patients with MASLD are likely to have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those with NAFLD. Concurrent assessment of MASLD during CCTA improves the identification of patients at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease among those with clinically indicated CCTA. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishiharaTakahiro en-aut-sei=Nishihara en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiToru en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakashimaMitsutaka en-aut-sei=Nakashima en-aut-mei=Mitsutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MikiTakashi en-aut-sei=Miki en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TodaHironobu en-aut-sei=Toda en-aut-mei=Hironobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaMasatoki en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Masatoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchikawaKeishi en-aut-sei=Ichikawa en-aut-mei=Keishi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OsawaKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Osawa en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YuasaShinsuke en-aut-sei=Yuasa en-aut-mei=Shinsuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School General Medicine Centre kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease kn-keyword=Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease en-keyword=Coronary computed tomography angiography kn-keyword=Coronary computed tomography angiography en-keyword=High-risk plaque kn-keyword=High-risk plaque en-keyword=Obstructive stenosis kn-keyword=Obstructive stenosis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=101 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=431 end-page=447 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230304 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Novel extracellular role of REIC/Dkk-3 protein in PD-L1 regulation in cancer cells en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The adenovirus-REIC/Dkk-3 expression vector (Ad-REIC) has been the focus of numerous clinical studies due to its potential for the quenching of cancers. The cancer-suppressing mechanisms of the REIC/DKK-3 gene depend on multiple pathways that exert both direct and indirect effects on cancers. The direct effect is triggered by REIC/Dkk-3-mediated ER stress that causes cancer-selective apoptosis, and the indirect effect can be classified in two ways: (i) induction, by Ad-REIC-mis-infected cancer-associated fibroblasts, of the production of IL-7, an important activator of T cells and NK cells, and (ii) promotion, by the secretory REIC/Dkk-3 protein, of dendritic cell polarization from monocytes. These unique features allow Ad-REIC to exert effective and selective cancer-preventative effects in the manner of an anticancer vaccine. However, the question of how the REIC/Dkk-3 protein leverages anticancer immunity has remained to be answered. We herein report a novel function of the extracellular REIC/Dkk-3—namely, regulation of an immune checkpoint via modulation of PD-L1 on the cancer-cell surface. First, we identified novel interactions of REIC/Dkk-3 with the membrane proteins C5aR, CXCR2, CXCR6, and CMTM6. These proteins all functioned to stabilize PD-L1 on the cell surface. Due to the dominant expression of CMTM6 among the proteins in cancer cells, we next focused on CMTM6 and observed that REIC/Dkk-3 competed with CMTM6 for PD-L1, thereby liberating PD-L1 from its complexation with CMTM6. The released PD-L1 immediately underwent endocytosis-mediated degradation. These results will enhance our understanding of not only the physiological nature of the extracellular REIC/Dkk-3 protein but also the Ad-REIC-mediated anticancer effects. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GoharaYuma en-aut-sei=Gohara en-aut-mei=Yuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomonobuNahoko en-aut-sei=Tomonobu en-aut-mei=Nahoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KinoshitaRie en-aut-sei=Kinoshita en-aut-mei=Rie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FutamiJunichiro en-aut-sei=Futami en-aut-mei=Junichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AudebertLéna en-aut-sei=Audebert en-aut-mei=Léna kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChenYouyi en-aut-sei=Chen en-aut-mei=Youyi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KomalasariNi Luh Gede Yoni en-aut-sei=Komalasari en-aut-mei=Ni Luh Gede Yoni kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=JiangFan en-aut-sei=Jiang en-aut-mei=Fan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshizawaChikako en-aut-sei=Yoshizawa en-aut-mei=Chikako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataHitoshi en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Hitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoKen-ichi en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Ken-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeMasami en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Masami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=KumonHiromi en-aut-sei=Kumon en-aut-mei=Hiromi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaguchiMasakiyo en-aut-sei=Sakaguchi en-aut-mei=Masakiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Urology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Innovation Center Okayama for Nanobio-Targeted Therapy, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= en-keyword=Breast cancer kn-keyword=Breast cancer en-keyword=REIC/Dkk-3 kn-keyword=REIC/Dkk-3 en-keyword=PD-L1 kn-keyword=PD-L1 en-keyword=Immune checkpoint kn-keyword=Immune checkpoint en-keyword=Cancer therapy kn-keyword=Cancer therapy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=205 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=346 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230929 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Flavobacterium okayamense sp. nov. isolated from surface seawater en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Strain KK2020170T, a Gram-stain negative, yellow colony-forming bacterium, was isolated from surface seawater sampled in Kojima Bay, Okayama, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain KK2020170T belongs to the genus Flavobacterium, with Flavobacterium haoranii LQY-7T (98.1% similarity) being its closest relative, followed by Flavobacterium sediminis MEBiC07310T (96.9%) and Flavobacterium urocaniciphilum YIT 12746T (96.0%). Whole-genome shotgun sequencing showed that strain KK2020170T, when paralleled with F. haoranii LQY-7 T, had 81.3% average nucleotide identity, and 24.6% in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values, respectively. The DNA G + C content of strain KK2020170T was 31.1 mol%. The most abundant fatty acids (> 10%) of strain KK2020170T were iso-C15: 0, iso-C17: 0 3-OH and iso-C15: 1 G. The dominant respiratory quinone of the strain was menaquinone MK-6. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis results, we propose that strain KK2020170T represents a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium okayamense sp. nov. has been proposed. The type strain is KK2020170T (= ATCC TSD-280 T = NBRC 115344 T). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KitaharaKei en-aut-sei=Kitahara en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre en-aut-sei=Muzembo en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorohoshiSho en-aut-sei=Morohoshi en-aut-mei=Sho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KunihiroTadao en-aut-sei=Kunihiro en-aut-mei=Tadao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TazatoNozomi en-aut-sei=Tazato en-aut-mei=Nozomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnoAyumu en-aut-sei=Ohno en-aut-mei=Ayumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=UesakaKazuma en-aut-sei=Uesaka en-aut-mei=Kazuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMakoto en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Oral Microbiome Center, Taniguchi Dental Clinic kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Bacteroidota kn-keyword=Bacteroidota en-keyword=Flavobacterium kn-keyword=Flavobacterium en-keyword=New taxa kn-keyword=New taxa en-keyword=Sea water kn-keyword=Sea water END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1371342 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240326 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Lysyl oxidase-like 4 promotes the invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells by orchestrating the invasive machinery formed by annexin A2 and S100A11 on the cell surface en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background: Our earlier research revealed that the secreted lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) that is highly elevated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) acts as a catalyst to lock annexin A2 on the cell membrane surface, which accelerates invasive outgrowth of the cancer through the binding of integrin-β1 on the cell surface. However, whether this machinery is subject to the LOXL4-mediated intrusive regulation remains uncertain.

Methods: Cell invasion was assessed using a transwell-based assay, protein–protein interactions by an immunoprecipitation–Western blotting technique and immunocytochemistry, and plasmin activity in the cell membrane by gelatin zymography.

Results: We revealed that cell surface annexin A2 acts as a receptor of plasminogen via interaction with S100A10, a key cell surface annexin A2-binding factor, and S100A11. We found that the cell surface annexin A2/S100A11 complex leads to mature active plasmin from bound plasminogen, which actively stimulates gelatin digestion, followed by increased invasion.

Conclusion: We have refined our understanding of the role of LOXL4 in TNBC cell invasion: namely, LOXL4 mediates the upregulation of annexin A2 at the cell surface, the upregulated annexin 2 binds S100A11 and S100A10, and the resulting annexin A2/S100A11 complex acts as a receptor of plasminogen, readily converting it into active-form plasmin and thereby enhancing invasion. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiTetta en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Tetta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomonobuNahoko en-aut-sei=Tomonobu en-aut-mei=Nahoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KinoshitaRie en-aut-sei=Kinoshita en-aut-mei=Rie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoKen-Ichi en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Ken-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataHitoshi en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Hitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KomalasariNi Luh Gede Yoni en-aut-sei=Komalasari en-aut-mei=Ni Luh Gede Yoni kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChenYouyi en-aut-sei=Chen en-aut-mei=Youyi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=JiangFan en-aut-sei=Jiang en-aut-mei=Fan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=GoharaYuma en-aut-sei=Gohara en-aut-mei=Yuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OchiToshiki en-aut-sei=Ochi en-aut-mei=Toshiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=RumaI. Made Winarsa en-aut-sei=Ruma en-aut-mei=I. Made Winarsa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=SumardikaI. Wayan en-aut-sei=Sumardika en-aut-mei=I. Wayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhouJin en-aut-sei=Zhou en-aut-mei=Jin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=HonjoTomoko en-aut-sei=Honjo en-aut-mei=Tomoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaguchiYoshihiko en-aut-sei=Sakaguchi en-aut-mei=Yoshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamauchiAkira en-aut-sei=Yamauchi en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuribayashiFutoshi en-aut-sei=Kuribayashi en-aut-mei=Futoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoEisaku en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Eisaku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueYusuke en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name=FutamiJunichiro en-aut-sei=Futami en-aut-mei=Junichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyookaShinichi en-aut-sei=Toyooka en-aut-mei=Shinichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=21 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZamamiYoshito en-aut-sei=Zamami en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=22 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaguchiMasakiyo en-aut-sei=Sakaguchi en-aut-mei=Masakiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=23 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of the Dalian University of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Microbiology, Tokushima Bunri University kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Division of Tumor Pathology, Near InfraRed Photo-Immuno-Therapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University kn-affil= affil-num=20 en-affil=Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=21 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=22 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=23 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=breast cancer kn-keyword=breast cancer en-keyword=lysyl oxidase kn-keyword=lysyl oxidase en-keyword=annexin A2 kn-keyword=annexin A2 en-keyword=S100A11 kn-keyword=S100A11 en-keyword=plasmin kn-keyword=plasmin en-keyword=cancer microenvironment kn-keyword=cancer microenvironment END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=31 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=dsad027 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20231222 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=MCPtaggR: R package for accurate genotype calling in reduced representation sequencing data by eliminating error-prone markers based on genome comparison en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Reduced representation sequencing (RRS) offers cost-effective, high-throughput genotyping platforms such as genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). RRS reads are typically mapped onto a reference genome. However, mapping reads harbouring mismatches against the reference can potentially result in mismapping and biased mapping, leading to the detection of error-prone markers that provide incorrect genotype information. We established a genotype-calling pipeline named mappable collinear polymorphic tag genotyping (MCPtagg) to achieve accurate genotyping by eliminating error-prone markers. MCPtagg was designed for the RRS-based genotyping of a population derived from a biparental cross. The MCPtagg pipeline filters out error-prone markers prior to genotype calling based on marker collinearity information obtained by comparing the genome sequences of the parents of a population to be genotyped. A performance evaluation on real GBS data from a rice F2 population confirmed its effectiveness. Furthermore, our performance test using a genome assembly that was obtained by genome sequence polishing on an available genome assembly suggests that our pipeline performs well with converted genomes, rather than necessitating de novo assembly. This demonstrates its flexibility and scalability. The R package, MCPtaggR, was developed to provide functions for the pipeline and is available at https://github.com/tomoyukif/MCPtaggR. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FurutaTomoyuki en-aut-sei=Furuta en-aut-mei=Tomoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoToshio en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=genotyping kn-keyword=genotyping en-keyword=genome comparison kn-keyword=genome comparison en-keyword=next-generation sequencing kn-keyword=next-generation sequencing en-keyword=R package kn-keyword=R package END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=18 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=12 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240118 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Rhizoviticin is an alphaproteobacterial tailocin that mediates biocontrol of grapevine crown gall disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Tailocins are headless phage tail structures that mediate interbacterial antagonism. Although the prototypical tailocins, R- and F-pyocins, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other predominantly R-type tailocins have been studied, their presence in Alphaproteobacteria remains unexplored. Here, we report the first alphaproteobacterial F-type tailocin, named rhizoviticin, as a determinant of the biocontrol activity of Allorhizobium vitis VAR03-1 against crown gall. Rhizoviticin is encoded by a chimeric prophage genome, one providing transcriptional regulators and the other contributing to tail formation and cell lysis, but lacking head formation genes. The rhizoviticin genome retains a nearly intact early phage region containing an integrase remnant and replication-related genes critical for downstream gene transcription, suggesting an ongoing transition of this locus from a prophage to a tailocin-coding region. Rhizoviticin is responsible for the most antagonistic activity in VAR03-1 culture supernatant against pathogenic A. vitis strain, and rhizoviticin deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in the antitumorigenic activity in planta. We identified the rhizoviticin-coding locus in eight additional A. vitis strains from diverse geographical locations, highlighting a unique survival strategy of certain Rhizobiales bacteria in the rhizosphere. These findings advance our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of tailocins and provide a scientific foundation for employing rhizoviticin-producing strains in plant disease control. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshiiTomoya en-aut-sei=Ishii en-aut-mei=Tomoya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuchidaNatsuki en-aut-sei=Tsuchida en-aut-mei=Natsuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HemeldaNiarsi Merry en-aut-sei=Hemelda en-aut-mei=Niarsi Merry kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoKirara en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Kirara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BaoJiyuan en-aut-sei=Bao en-aut-mei=Jiyuan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeMegumi en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Megumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyodaAtsushi en-aut-sei=Toyoda en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsubaraTakehiro en-aut-sei=Matsubara en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoMayuko en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Mayuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyookaKiminori en-aut-sei=Toyooka en-aut-mei=Kiminori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshihamaNobuaki en-aut-sei=Ishihama en-aut-mei=Nobuaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirasuKen en-aut-sei=Shirasu en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuiHidenori en-aut-sei=Matsui en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyodaKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Toyoda en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchinoseYuki en-aut-sei=Ichinose en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiTetsuya en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaguchiAkira en-aut-sei=Kawaguchi en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoutoshiYoshiteru en-aut-sei=Noutoshi en-aut-mei=Yoshiteru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Okayama University Hospital Biobank, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Western Region Agricultural Research Center (WARC), National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO) kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=tailocin kn-keyword=tailocin en-keyword=phage tail-like bacteriocin kn-keyword=phage tail-like bacteriocin en-keyword=Allorhizobium vitris kn-keyword=Allorhizobium vitris en-keyword=Alphaproteobacteria kn-keyword=Alphaproteobacteria en-keyword=biocontrol kn-keyword=biocontrol en-keyword=crown gall disease kn-keyword=crown gall disease en-keyword=interbacterial antagonism kn-keyword=interbacterial antagonism en-keyword=grapevine kn-keyword=grapevine END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=24 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=55 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the post-graduate career paths of medical students: a cross-sectional study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background The World Health Organization first declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in March 2020 and announced the end of the emergency in May 2023. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted individuals globally, including medical students. Although the COVID-19 pandemic increased online education, it restricted clinical training, extracurricular activities, and interprovincial travel. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the choice of training hospitals and career paths among 3rd- to 6th-year medical students in Japan.
Methods We developed a questionnaire comprising 21 multiple-choice and 1 open-ended questions, which was administered anonymously via online platforms. The survey targeted Japanese medical students to obtain insights into their preferences for training hospitals and career paths during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 4th- to 6th-year medical students from 51 medical schools in Japan. The survey was conducted through student networks from 8 February 2022 to 20 March 2022.
Results Overall, 507 medical students participated in the survey, with representation from various academic years as follows: 102 (20.1%), 134 (26.4%), 121 (23.9%), and 150 (29.6%) students from the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th year, respectively. Of these, 338 (66.6%) students reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had influenced their choice of training hospitals. The degree of the influence varied based on the university region and the student year. However, most of the students (473, 93.3%) did not change their course for clinical, basic research, or administrative pathways due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the clinically oriented students, 391 (77.2%) did not change their preferred speciality.
Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic influenced medical students' choice of training hospitals. Although many students believed that the pandemic would not change their career choices, our results indicate a potential subconscious trend to avoid internal medicine, which is the speciality most directly involved in treating patients with COVID-19. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishimuraAyumu en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Ayumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiTomoko en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Tomoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukaFumio en-aut-sei=Otsuka en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsukawaAkihiro en-aut-sei=Matsukawa en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Medical School Faculty of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=COVID-19 pandemic kn-keyword=COVID-19 pandemic en-keyword=Medical students kn-keyword=Medical students en-keyword=Career path kn-keyword=Career path en-keyword=Training hospitals kn-keyword=Training hospitals END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=220 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=16 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Tamyb10-D1 restores red grain color and increases grain dormancy via suppressing expression of TaLTP2.128, non-specific lipid transfer protein in wheat en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Grain dormancy of wheat is closely associated with grain color: red-grained lines show higher dormancy than white-grained lines. The production of red pigments is regulated by R-1, Tamyb10 gene. However, the relation between grain color and dormancy remains unknown. For this study, we generated transgenic lines which were introduced a DNA fragment containing Tamyb10-D1 gene and its a 2 kb promoter including the 5′ untranslated region into white-grained wheat. Transgenic lines showed red-grained and higher dormant traits. Contents of plant hormones and gene expression of embryos at 30 days after pollination were examined in a wild type and a transgenic line. No differences were observed in the contents of plant hormones, but several genes are differentially expressed between these lines. One differentially expressed gene, TaLTP2.128, is a member of non-specific lipid transfer proteins. It was expressed higher in white grains than in red grains. A putative amino acid sequence showed similarity to that of OsHyPRP5, which is identified as QTL controlling low-temperature germinability in rice. Expression of TaLTP2.128 was increased by grain imbibition. The increasing levels were higher not only in other white-grained lines, but also in non-dormant red-grained lines. TaLTP2.128 was expressed at a quite early stage of germination. These study findings indicate that Tamyb10 regulates dormancy release by the modification of TaLTP2.128 acting as trigger of germination. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HimiEiko en-aut-sei=Himi en-aut-mei=Eiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Kurihara-YonemotoShiho en-aut-sei=Kurihara-Yonemoto en-aut-mei=Shiho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeFumitaka en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Fumitaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiHidekazu en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Hidekazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaKeisuke en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuuraTakakazu en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Takakazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaekawaMasahiko en-aut-sei=Maekawa en-aut-mei=Masahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasakiTakuji en-aut-sei=Sasaki en-aut-mei=Takuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=RikiishiKazuhide en-aut-sei=Rikiishi en-aut-mei=Kazuhide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Kibi International University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Fukushima University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Lipid transfer protein kn-keyword=Lipid transfer protein en-keyword=Pre-harvest sprouting kn-keyword=Pre-harvest sprouting en-keyword=Seed dormancy kn-keyword=Seed dormancy en-keyword=Seed germination kn-keyword=Seed germination en-keyword=Tamyb10 kn-keyword=Tamyb10 en-keyword=Wheat kn-keyword=Wheat END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=140 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=110514 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202312 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Molecular dynamics simulation of deposition of amorphous carbon films on sapphire surfaces en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The growth of amorphous carbon films on a sapphire surface was investigated using classical molecular dynamics simulation. The kinetic energy of carbon particles was set as 10 eV and ReaxFF potential was used to express the interaction between different kinds of particles. The results of the temperature distribution in both deposition time and deposition space are reported. Simulation results reveal that the grown amorphous carbon film consists of four regions, namely interlayer, low density, stable growth, and surface regions. In the interlayer region, the interlayer between substrate and pure carbon film is formed. In the low density region, a pure carbon film is grown while the film density decreases initially and then increases. In the stable growth region, the film density remains almost constant. The film density decreases rapidly in the surface region. The radial distribution function (RDF) analysis suggests that a structure similar to that of diamond exists in the stable growth region of the film. The lower film density in the low density and surface regions was interpreted to indicate the existence of abundant sp1 chain structures, which is supported by the depth profile of the sp fractions. The present results are in good agreement with previous experimental and simulation results and demonstrate the suitability of the ReaxFF potential in the simulation of amorphous carbon growth on sapphire substrate. Our study provides a good starting point for the simulation study of amorphous carbon films on sapphire substrates. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YueQiang en-aut-sei=Yue en-aut-mei=Qiang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokoyaTakayoshi en-aut-sei=Yokoya en-aut-mei=Takayoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuraokaYuji en-aut-sei=Muraoka en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Amorphous carbon kn-keyword=Amorphous carbon en-keyword=Sapphire substrate kn-keyword=Sapphire substrate en-keyword=Molecular dynamics simulation kn-keyword=Molecular dynamics simulation en-keyword=Empirical potential kn-keyword=Empirical potential END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=60 end-page=66 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The formation of sandbanks and regional transformation in the Late Medieval period kn-title=中洲の形成と中世後期の地域変容 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this paper is to clarify how a harbor city established in a sandbank inlet transformed a local area. In the Later Medieval period, the harbor city of Nakamura was established in the lower part of the Chikusa river. In the late 15th century, the Eiōji temple of Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism was constructed in the harbor city of Nakamura. Nakamura used Sagoshinoshō as a local name. In the 16th century, the harbor city of Kariya on the west coast of the Chikusa river also used the local name of Sagoshinoshō. In the early modern period, villages to the west of the mouth of the Chikusa river came to use the local name of Sagoshinoshō. While the local name of the west coastal area of the Chikusa river mouth had been Akōnoshō, it changed to Sagoshinoshō. Areas where local names may have changed also include Shikatanoshō and Mikuriyanoshō elsewhere in the Later Medieval period. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YATAToshifumi en-aut-sei=YATA en-aut-mei=Toshifumi kn-aut-name=矢田俊文 kn-aut-sei=矢田 kn-aut-mei=俊文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Niigata University, Humanities and Social Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=sandbank kn-keyword=sandbank en-keyword=the Chikusa river kn-keyword=the Chikusa river en-keyword=harbor city kn-keyword=harbor city en-keyword=temple of Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism kn-keyword=temple of Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism en-keyword=local names kn-keyword=local names END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=698 end-page=708 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230922 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Investigating the Effect of Substituting a Single Cysteine Residue on the Thermal Stability of an Engineered Sweet Protein, Single-Chain Monellin en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Single-chain monellin (SCM) is an engineered protein that links the two chains of monellin, a naturally sweet-tasting protein. This protein is an attractive candidate for use as a sugar replacement in food and beverages and has numerous other applications. Therefore, generating SCM mutants with improved stability is an active area of research to broaden the range of its potential applications. In this study, we focused on the Cys41 residue of SCM, which is a single cysteine residue present at a structurally important position. This residue is often substituted with Ser. However, this substitution may destabilize SCM because Cys41 is buried in the hydrophobic core of the protein. Therefore, we designed mutants that substituted Ala, Val, and Leu for this residue, namely C41A, C41V, and C41L. We characterized these three mutants, SCM C41S, and wild type (WT). Differential scanning fluorimetric analysis revealed that substituting Cys41 with Ala or Val increased the thermal stability of SCM, while substitution with Ser or Leu decreased its stability. Determination of the crystal structures of SCM C41A and C41V mutants revealed that the overall structures and main chain structures around the 41st residue of both mutants were almost identical to the WT. On the other hand, the orientations of the amino acid side chains near the 41st residue differed among the SCM variants. Taken together, our results indicate that substituting Cys41 with Ala or Val increases the stability of SCM and provide insight into the structural basis of this improvement. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhnumaKyosuke en-aut-sei=Ohnuma en-aut-mei=Kyosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaAtsuko en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Atsuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuiNorihisa en-aut-sei=Yasui en-aut-mei=Norihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Crystallography kn-keyword=Crystallography en-keyword=Monellin kn-keyword=Monellin en-keyword=Protein Stability kn-keyword=Protein Stability en-keyword=Recombinant Proteins kn-keyword=Recombinant Proteins END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=154 end-page=164 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of a Functionally Efficient and Thermally Stable Outward Sodium-Pumping Rhodopsin (BeNaR) from a Thermophilic Bacterium en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Rhodopsins are transmembrane proteins with retinal chromophores that are involved in photo-energy conversion and photo-signal transduction in diverse organisms. In this study, we newly identified and characterized a rhodopsin from a thermophilic bacterium, Bellilinea sp. Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the rhodopsin showed light-induced alkalization of the medium only in the presence of sodium ions (Na+), and the alkalization signal was enhanced by addition of a protonophore, indicating an outward Na+ pump function across the cellular membrane. Thus, we named the protein Bellilinea Na+-pumping rhodopsin, BeNaR. Of note, its Na+-pumping activity is significantly greater than that of the known Na+-pumping rhodopsin, KR2. We further characterized its photochemical properties as follows: (i) Visible spectroscopy and HPLC revealed that BeNaR has an absorption maximum at 524 nm with predominantly (>96%) the all-trans retinal conformer. (ii) Time-dependent thermal denaturation experiments revealed that BeNaR showed high thermal stability. (iii) The time-resolved flash-photolysis in the nanosecond to millisecond time domains revealed the presence of four kinetically distinctive photointermediates, K, L, M and O. (iv) Mutational analysis revealed that Asp101, which acts as a counterion, and Asp230 around the retinal were essential for the Na+-pumping activity. From the results, we propose a model for the outward Na+-pumping mechanism of BeNaR. The efficient Na+-pumping activity of BeNaR and its high stability make it a useful model both for ion transporters and optogenetics tools. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuriharaMarie en-aut-sei=Kurihara en-aut-mei=Marie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ThielVera en-aut-sei=Thiel en-aut-mei=Vera kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiHirona en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Hirona kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KojimaKeiichi en-aut-sei=Kojima en-aut-mei=Keiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=WardDavid M. en-aut-sei=Ward en-aut-mei=David M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=BryantDonald A. en-aut-sei=Bryant en-aut-mei=Donald A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaiMakoto en-aut-sei=Sakai en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshizawaSusumu en-aut-sei=Yoshizawa en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SudoYuki en-aut-sei=Sudo en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=rhodopsin kn-keyword=rhodopsin en-keyword=ion transport kn-keyword=ion transport en-keyword=retinal kn-keyword=retinal en-keyword=isomerization kn-keyword=isomerization en-keyword=optogenetics kn-keyword=optogenetics END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=e1579 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220312 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Echelon analysis and its software for spatial lattice data en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this study, we explore the use of echelon analysis and its software named EcheScan for spatial lattice data. EcheScan is developed as a web application via an internet browser in R language and Shiny server for echelon analysis. The technique of echelon is proposed to analyze the topological structure for spatial lattice data. The echelon tree provides a dendrogram representation. Regional features, such as hierarchical spatial data structure and hotspots clusters, are shown in an echelon dendrogram. In addition, we introduce the conception of echelon with the values and neighbors for lattice data. We also explain the use of EcheScan for one- and two-dimensional regular lattice data. Furthermore, coronavirus disease 2019 death data corresponding to 50 US states are illustrated using EcheScan as an example of geospatial lattice data.

This article is categorized under:
　Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis
　Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
　Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuriharaKoji en-aut-sei=Kurihara en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshiokaFumio en-aut-sei=Ishioka en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=echelon analysis kn-keyword=echelon analysis en-keyword=hierarchical structure kn-keyword=hierarchical structure en-keyword=R language and shiny kn-keyword=R language and shiny en-keyword=spatial lattice data kn-keyword=spatial lattice data en-keyword=web application kn-keyword=web application END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=5756 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230408 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Social aspects of collision avoidance: a detailed analysis of two-person groups and individual pedestrians en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Pedestrian groups are commonly found in crowds but research on their social aspects is comparatively lacking. To fill that void in literature, we study the dynamics of collision avoidance between pedestrian groups (in particular dyads) and individual pedestrians in an ecological environment, focusing in particular on (i) how such avoidance depends on the group's social relation (e.g. colleagues, couples, friends or families) and (ii) its intensity of social interaction (indicated by conversation, gaze exchange, gestures etc). By analyzing relative collision avoidance in the "center of mass" frame, we were able to quantify how much groups and individuals avoid each other with respect to the aforementioned properties of the group. A mathematical representation using a potential energy function is proposed to model avoidance and it is shown to provide a fair approximation to the empirical observations. We also studied the probability that the individuals disrupt the group by "passing through it" (termed as intrusion). We analyzed the dependence of the parameters of the avoidance model and of the probability of intrusion on groups' social relation and intensity of interaction. We confirmed that the stronger social bonding or interaction intensity is, the more prominent collision avoidance turns out. We also confirmed that the probability of intrusion is a decreasing function of interaction intensity and strength of social bonding. Our results suggest that such variability should be accounted for in models and crowd management in general. Namely, public spaces with strongly bonded groups (e.g. a family-oriented amusement park) may require a different approach compared to public spaces with loosely bonded groups (e.g. a business-oriented trade fair). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GregorjAdrien en-aut-sei=Gregorj en-aut-mei=Adrien kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YucelZeynep en-aut-sei=Yucel en-aut-mei=Zeynep kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZanlungoFrancesco en-aut-sei=Zanlungo en-aut-mei=Francesco kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FelicianiClaudio en-aut-sei=Feliciani en-aut-mei=Claudio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KandaTakayuki en-aut-sei=Kanda en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=ATR International kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=167 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2833 end-page=2838 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221022 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of novel totiviruses from the ascomycetous fungus Geotrichum candidum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Mycoviruses are widely distributed across the kingdom Fungi, including ascomycetous yeast strains of the class Saccharomycetes. Geotrichum candidum is an important fungal pathogen belonging to Saccharomycetes and has a diverse host range. Here, we report the characterization of four new classical totiviruses from two distinct Geotrichum candidum strains from Pakistan. The four identified viruses were tentatively named “Geotrichum candidum totivirus 1, 2, 3a, and 3b” (GcTV1-3b). The complete dsRNA genomes of the identified totiviruses are 4621, 4592, 4576, and 4576 bp in length, respectively. All totivirus genomes have two open reading frames, encoding a capsid protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), respectively. The downstream RdRP domain is assumed to be expressed as a CP-RdRP fusion product via -1 frameshifting mediated by a heptameric slippery site. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that each of the discovered viruses belongs to a new species of the genus Totivirus in the family Totiviridae, with GcTV1 and GcTV3 (a and b strains) clustering in one subgroup and GcTV2 in another subgroup. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KhanHaris Ahmed en-aut-sei=Khan en-aut-mei=Haris Ahmed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShahiSabitree en-aut-sei=Shahi en-aut-mei=Sabitree kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattiMuhammad Faraz en-aut-sei=Bhatti en-aut-mei=Muhammad Faraz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=8912 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230601 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of genetic loci associated with renal dysfunction after lung transplantation using an ethnic-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism array en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Renal dysfunction is a long-term complication associated with an increased mortality after lung transplantation (LT). We investigated the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the development of renal dysfunction after LT using a Japanese-specific SNP array. First, eligible samples of 34 LT recipients were genotyped using the SNP array and divided into two groups, according to the presence of homozygous and heterozygous combinations of mutant alleles of the 162 renal-related SNPs. To identify candidate SNPs, the renal function tests were compared between the two groups for each SNP. Next, we investigated the association between the candidate SNPs and the time course of changes of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the 99 recipients until 10 years after the LT. Delta eGFR was defined as the difference between the postoperative and preoperative eGFR values. Eight SNPs were identified as the candidate SNPs in the 34 recipients. Validation analysis of these 8 candidate SNPs in all the 99 recipients showed that three SNPs, namely, rs10277115, rs4690095, and rs792064, were associated with significant changes of the Delta eGFR. Pre-transplant identification of high-risk patients for the development of renal dysfunction after LT based on the presence of these SNPs might contribute to providing personalized medicine. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TomiokaYasuaki en-aut-sei=Tomioka en-aut-mei=Yasuaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugimotoSeiichiro en-aut-sei=Sugimoto en-aut-mei=Seiichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoHaruchika en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Haruchika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomidaShuta en-aut-sei=Tomida en-aut-mei=Shuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiotaniToshio en-aut-sei=Shiotani en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaShin en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShienKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Shien en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzawaKen en-aut-sei=Suzawa en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiKentaroh en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Kentaroh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtaniShinji en-aut-sei=Otani en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoHiromasa en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Hiromasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkazakiMikio en-aut-sei=Okazaki en-aut-mei=Mikio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaneMasaomi en-aut-sei=Yamane en-aut-mei=Masaomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyookaShinichi en-aut-sei=Toyooka en-aut-mei=Shinichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=6974 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230428 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A blue-shifted anion channelrhodopsin from the Colpodellida alga Vitrella brassicaformis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Microbial rhodopsins, a family of photoreceptive membrane proteins containing the chromophore retinal, show a variety of light-dependent molecular functions. Channelrhodopsins work as light-gated ion channels and are widely utilized for optogenetics, which is a method for controlling neural activities by light. Since two cation channelrhodopsins were identified from the chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, recent advances in genomic research have revealed a wide variety of channelrhodopsins including anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs), describing their highly diversified molecular properties (e.g., spectral sensitivity, kinetics and ion selectivity). Here, we report two channelrhodopsin-like rhodopsins from the Colpodellida alga Vitrella brassicaformis, which are phylogenetically distinct from the known channelrhodopsins. Spectroscopic and electrophysiological analyses indicated that these rhodopsins are green- and blue-sensitive pigments (lambda(max) = similar to 550 and similar to 440 nm) that exhibit light-dependent ion channeling activities. Detailed electrophysiological analysis revealed that one of them works as a monovalent anion (Cl-, Br- and NO3-) channel and we named it V. brassicaformis anion channelrhodopsin-2, VbACR2. Importantly, the absorption maximum of VbACR2 (similar to 440 nm) is blue-shifted among the known ACRs. Thus, we identified the new blue-shifted ACR, which leads to the expansion of the molecular diversity of ACRs. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KojimaKeiichi en-aut-sei=Kojima en-aut-mei=Keiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawanishiShiho en-aut-sei=Kawanishi en-aut-mei=Shiho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraYosuke en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasegawaMasumi en-aut-sei=Hasegawa en-aut-mei=Masumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakaoShin en-aut-sei=Nakao en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagataYuya en-aut-sei=Nagata en-aut-mei=Yuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshizawaSusumu en-aut-sei=Yoshizawa en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SudoYuki en-aut-sei=Sudo en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience (CeBN), Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute for Extra‑Cutting‑Edge Science and Technology Avant‑Garde Research (X‑Star) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=219 end-page=229 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=2023 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Melon diversity on the Silk Road by molecular phylogenetic analysis in Kazakhstan melons en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To uncover population structure, phylogenetic relationship, and diversity in melons along the famous Silk Road, a seed size measurement and a phylogenetic analysis using five chloroplast genome markers, 17 RAPD markers and 11 SSR markers were conducted for 87 Kazakh melon accessions with reference accessions. Kazakh melon accessions had large seed with exception of two accessions of weedy melon, Group Agrestis, and consisted of three cytoplasm types, of which Ib-1/-2 and Ib-3 were dominant in Kazakhstan and nearby areas such as northwestern China, Central Asia and Russia. Molecular phylogeny showed that two unique genetic groups, STIa-2 with Ib-1/-2 cytoplasm and STIa-1 with Ib-3 cytoplasm, and one admixed group, STIAD combined with STIa and STIb, were prevalent across all Kazakh melon groups. STIAD melons that phylogenetically overlapped with STIa-1 and STIa-2 melons were frequent in the eastern Silk Road region, including Kazakhstan. Evidently, a small population contributed to melon development and variation in the eastern Silk Road. Conscious preservation of fruit traits specific to Kazakh melon groups is thought to play a role in the conservation of Kazakh melon genetic variation during melon production, where hybrid progenies were generated through open pollination. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakaKatsunori en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Katsunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugiyamaMitsuhiro en-aut-sei=Sugiyama en-aut-mei=Mitsuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShigitaGentaro en-aut-sei=Shigita en-aut-mei=Gentaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurakamiRyoma en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Ryoma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuongThanh-Thuy en-aut-sei=Duong en-aut-mei=Thanh-Thuy kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AierkenYasheng en-aut-sei=Aierken en-aut-mei=Yasheng kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArtemyevaAnna M en-aut-sei=Artemyeva en-aut-mei=Anna M kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MamypbelovZharas en-aut-sei=Mamypbelov en-aut-mei=Zharas kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshikawaRyuji en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Ryuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishidaHidetaka en-aut-sei=Nishida en-aut-mei=Hidetaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoKenji en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Faculty of Agronomy, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Center for Hami Melon, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources on the name of N.I.Vavilov (VIR) kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Kazakhstan Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing LLC kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Central Asia kn-keyword=Central Asia en-keyword=Cucumis melo kn-keyword=Cucumis melo en-keyword=diversity kn-keyword=diversity en-keyword=genetic resources kn-keyword=genetic resources en-keyword=on-farm conservation kn-keyword=on-farm conservation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=32 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=28 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230224 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Against verb-stranding VP-ellipsis in Japanese: reply to Funakoshi (2016) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Japanese has a deletion operation, called argument ellipsis, that targets arguments (Oku in A theory of selection and reconstruction in the minimalist program, 1998). The operation does not apply to adjuncts, and thus, adjuncts are unelidable. Funakoshi (J East Asian Linguist 25(2):113–42, 2016), following in the footsteps of Otani and Whitman (Linguist Inquiry 22:345–58, 1991), argues that adjuncts can be elided when V-stranding VP-deletion applies. This article refutes Funakoshi’s proposal. Under rigorous control, adjuncts are generally unelidable even when the context strongly favors the adjunct inclusive interpretation, showing that the language lacks VP-deletion. It is also shown that, for a small number of speakers who permit the adjunct inclusive interpretation, the interpretation is sensitive to island constraints. The observation is attributed to covert right dislocation (Tanaka in J Linguist 37:551–79, 2001), marginally available for such speakers. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakaHidekazu en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Hidekazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Letters, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Adjuncts kn-keyword=Adjuncts en-keyword=Argument ellipsis kn-keyword=Argument ellipsis en-keyword=Island constraints kn-keyword=Island constraints en-keyword=Right dislocation kn-keyword=Right dislocation en-keyword=VP-deletion kn-keyword=VP-deletion END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=25 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=109 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=2023124 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Quantitative evaluation of the reduction of distortion and metallic artifacts in magnetic resonance images using the multiacquisition variable‑resonance image combination selective sequence en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to computed tomography (CT) in determining changes in tissue structure, such as those observed following inflammation and infection. However, when metal implants or other metal objects are present, MRI exhibits more distortion and artifacts compared with CT, which hinders the accurate measurement of the implants. A limited number of reports have examined whether the novel MRI sequence, multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination selective (MAVRIC SL), can accurately measure metal implants without distortion. Therefore, the present study aimed to demonstrate whether MAVRIC SL could accurately measure metal implants without distortion and whether the area around the metal implants could be well delineated without artifacts. An agar phantom containing a titanium alloy lumbar implant was used for the present study and was imaged using a 3.0 T MRI machine. A total of three imaging sequences, namely MAVRIC SL, CUBE and magnetic image compilation (MAGiC), were applied and the results were compared. Distortion was evaluated by measuring the screw diameter and distance between the screws multiple times in the phase and frequency directions by two different investigators. The artifact region around the implant was examined using a quantitative method following standardization of the phantom signal values. It was revealed that MAVRIC SL was a superior sequence compared with CUBE and MAGiC, as there was significantly less distortion, a lack of bias between the two different investigators and significantly reduced artifact regions. These results suggested the possibility of utilizing MAVRIC SL for follow-up to observe metal implant insertions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiranoMasaki en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MutoYuki en-aut-sei=Muto en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraYuta en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasakiTomoaki en-aut-sei=Sasaki en-aut-mei=Tomoaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamizakiRyo en-aut-sei=Kamizaki en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImajohSatoshi en-aut-sei=Imajoh en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanabeYoshinori en-aut-sei=Tanabe en-aut-mei=Yoshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=E. Al-HammadWlla en-aut-sei=E. Al-Hammad en-aut-mei=Wlla kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamitsuYuki en-aut-sei=Nakamitsu en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuYudai en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Yudai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugimotoKohei en-aut-sei=Sugimoto en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=OitaMasataka en-aut-sei=Oita en-aut-mei=Masataka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugiantoIrfan en-aut-sei=Sugianto en-aut-mei=Irfan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=O. BamgboseBabatunde en-aut-sei=O. Bamgbose en-aut-mei=Babatunde kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Clinical Radiology Service, Okayama Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700‑8558, Japan kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 770‑8558, Japan kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Bayero University kn-affil= en-keyword=MAVRIC SL kn-keyword=MAVRIC SL en-keyword=metal artifacts kn-keyword=metal artifacts en-keyword=implant kn-keyword=implant en-keyword=phantom kn-keyword=phantom en-keyword=MRI kn-keyword=MRI END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=5367 end-page=5381 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230213 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Convergent evolution of animal and microbial rhodopsins en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Rhodopsins, a family of photoreceptive membrane proteins, contain retinal as a chromophore and were firstly identified as reddish pigments from frog retina in 1876. Since then, rhodopsin-like proteins have been identified mainly from animal eyes. In 1971, a rhodopsin-like pigment was discovered from the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum and named bacteriorhodopsin. While it was believed that rhodopsin- and bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins were expressed only in animal eyes and archaea, respectively, before the 1990s, a variety of rhodopsin-like proteins (called animal rhodopsins or opsins) and bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins (called microbial rhodopsins) have been progressively identified from various tissues of animals and microorganisms, respectively. Here, we comprehensively introduce the research conducted on animal and microbial rhodopsins. Recent analysis has revealed that the two rhodopsin families have common molecular properties, such as the protein structure (i.e., 7-transmembrane structure), retinal structure (i.e., binding ability to cis- and trans-retinal), color sensitivity (i.e., UV- and visible-light sensitivities), and photoreaction (i.e., triggering structural changes by light and heat), more than what was expected at the early stages of rhodopsin research. Contrastingly, their molecular functions are distinctively different (e.g., G protein-coupled receptors and photoisomerases for animal rhodopsins and ion transporters and phototaxis sensors for microbial rhodopsins). Therefore, based on their similarities and dissimilarities, we propose that animal and microbial rhodopsins have convergently evolved from their distinctive origins as multi-colored retinal-binding membrane proteins whose activities are regulated by light and heat but independently evolved for different molecular and physiological functions in the cognate organism. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KojimaKeiichi en-aut-sei=Kojima en-aut-mei=Keiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SudoYuki en-aut-sei=Sudo en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=e31713 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Increased CCR4+ and Decreased Central Memory CD4+ T Lymphocytes in the Background Gastric Mucosa of Patients Developing Gastric Cancer After Helicobacter pylori Eradication: An Exploratory Study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The composition of lymphocytes in the gastric mucosa following the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients with and without gastric cancer has not been compared. This study performed a single spot analysis of gastric mucosal lymphocytes after H. pylori eradication in patients with (n = 13) and without (n = 20) gastric cancer. Our comprehensive analysis of lymphocyte composition in the gastric mucosa revealed that: i) the proportion of CD8+/CD3+ cells was relatively higher in the peri-tumor mucosa than in the background mucosa; ii) the proportion of CCR4+/CD3+ cells was higher, and the ratio of CD62L+/CD3+CD4+ cells was relatively lower in the gastric mucosa of cancer patients than in non-cancer patients; and iii) the proportion of CD45RA-CD62L+/CD3+CD4+ cells, namely, the central memory CD4+ T -cell fraction, was lower in the gastric mucosa of cancer patients than in non-cancer patients. Although the exact mechanism of the altered proportions of CCR4+/CD3+ and central memory CD4+ cells in the gastric mucosa of patients with cancer is unknown, focusing on lymphocytes in the gastric mucosa might help improve our understanding of gastric cancer development after H. pylori eradication. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IwamuroMasaya en-aut-sei=Iwamuro en-aut-mei=Masaya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiTakahide en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Takahide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirabataAraki en-aut-sei=Hirabata en-aut-mei=Araki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukaFumio en-aut-sei=Otsuka en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaHoroyuki en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Horoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Medical Support, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=carcinogenesis kn-keyword=carcinogenesis en-keyword=lymphocytes kn-keyword=lymphocytes en-keyword=helicobacter pylori kn-keyword=helicobacter pylori en-keyword=gastric adenocarcinoma kn-keyword=gastric adenocarcinoma en-keyword=flow cytometry kn-keyword=flow cytometry END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=478 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1779 end-page=1790 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221226 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Significance of UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 genetic variants and their mRNA expression in the clinical outcome of renal cell carcinoma en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) metabolizes a number of endogenous and exogenous substrates. Renal cells express high amounts of UGT; however, the significance of UGT in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown. In this study, we profile the mRNA expression of UGT subtypes (UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) and their genetic variants in the kidney tissue of 125 Japanese patients with RCC (Okayama University Hospital, Japan). In addition, we elucidate the association between the UGT variants and UGT mRNA expression levels and clinical outcomes in these patients. The three representative genetic variants, namely, UGT1A6 541A > G, UGT1A9 i399C > T, and UGT2B7-161C > T, were genotyped, and their mRNA expression levels in each tissue were determined. We found that the mRNA expression of the three UGTs (UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) are significantly downregulated in RCC tissues. Moreover, in patients with RCC, the UGT2B7-161C > T variant and high UGT2B7 mRNA expression are significantly correlated with preferable cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. As such, the UGT2B7-161C > T variant and UGT2B7 mRNA expression level were identified as significant independent prognostic factors of CSS and CSS/OS, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicate that UGT2B7 has a role in RCC progression and may, therefore, represent a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with RCC. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsumotoJun en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimotoAnzu en-aut-sei=Nishimoto en-aut-mei=Anzu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatariShogo en-aut-sei=Watari en-aut-mei=Shogo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UekiHideo en-aut-sei=Ueki en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiromizuShoya en-aut-sei=Shiromizu en-aut-mei=Shoya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwataNaohiro en-aut-sei=Iwata en-aut-mei=Naohiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaTatsuaki en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Tatsuaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=UshioSoichiro en-aut-sei=Ushio en-aut-mei=Soichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajizonoMakoto en-aut-sei=Kajizono en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiyoshiMasachika en-aut-sei=Fujiyoshi en-aut-mei=Masachika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoyamaToshihiro en-aut-sei=Koyama en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArakiMotoo en-aut-sei=Araki en-aut-mei=Motoo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=WadaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZamamiYoshito en-aut-sei=Zamami en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=NasuYasutomo en-aut-sei=Nasu en-aut-mei=Yasutomo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=AriyoshiNoritaka en-aut-sei=Ariyoshi en-aut-mei=Noritaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Personalized Medicine and Preventive Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Personalized Medicine and Preventive Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Pharmaceuticals Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Department of Personalized Medicine and Preventive Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Genetic variant kn-keyword=Genetic variant en-keyword=Polymorphism kn-keyword=Polymorphism en-keyword=Renal cell carcinoma kn-keyword=Renal cell carcinoma en-keyword=Survival kn-keyword=Survival en-keyword=UDP-glucuronosyltransferase kn-keyword=UDP-glucuronosyltransferase END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=161 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221129 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=High-resolution spectroscopy of buffer-gas-cooled phthalocyanine en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=For over five decades, studies in the field of chemical physics and physical chemistry have primarily aimed to understand the quantum properties of molecules. However, high-resolution rovibronic spectroscopy has been limited to relatively small and simple systems because translationally and rotationally cold samples have not been prepared in sufficiently large quantities for large and complex systems. In this study, we present high-resolution rovibronic spectroscopy results for large gas-phase molecules, namely, free-base phthalocya-nine (FBPc). The findings suggest that buffer-gas cooling may be effective for large molecules introduced via laser ablation. High-resolution electronic spectroscopy, combined with other experimental and theoretical studies, will be useful in understanding the quantum properties of molecules. These findings also serve as a guide for quantum chemical calculations of large molecules. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyamotoYuki en-aut-sei=Miyamoto en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TobaruReo en-aut-sei=Tobaru en-aut-mei=Reo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiYuiki en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Yuiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramotoAyami en-aut-sei=Hiramoto en-aut-mei=Ayami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwakuniKana en-aut-sei=Iwakuni en-aut-mei=Kana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KumaSusumu en-aut-sei=Kuma en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=EnomotoKatsunari en-aut-sei=Enomoto en-aut-mei=Katsunari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=BabaMasaaki en-aut-sei=Baba en-aut-mei=Masaaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=5Department of Physics, University of Toyama kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=565 end-page=575 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Simple and Descriptive Assessment of Morphology Based on the Horizontal Plane of the Pediatric Head and Creation of a Normative Database in Japanese Children 6 Years Old and under: Horizontal Vector Analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We herein introduce horizontal vector analysis, a simple method for assessing cranial morphology based on measurement of the head’s horizontal plane, and use this method to establish normal cranial morphology in Japanese children Computed tomography scans taken in 2010-2019 in healthy Japanese children aged ≤ 6 years. The two measurement planes were parallel to the orbitomeatal plane: namely, a plane passing through the dorsum sellae (DS) and the plane superior to that with the maximal area (Max plane). A protractor was used to circumferentially measure the lengths from the central point to the outer surface of the skull. A total of 487 images were extracted. The distances between the DS and Max planes were consistently almost 30 mm for each age group, so we fixed the Max plane as the plane 30 mm superior to the DS plane. Finally, we established datasets of normal values for each age group and sex. Using these norms, perioperative evaluation of various cranial deformities could be performed more easily and circumstantially. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KomagoeSho en-aut-sei=Komagoe en-aut-mei=Sho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SenooTakaya en-aut-sei=Senoo en-aut-mei=Takaya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakaoSoshi en-aut-sei=Takao en-aut-mei=Soshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiraishiYoshinori en-aut-sei=Shiraishi en-aut-mei=Yoshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimataYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Kimata en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=craniofacial surgery kn-keyword=craniofacial surgery en-keyword=craniosynostoses kn-keyword=craniosynostoses en-keyword=horizontal plane kn-keyword=horizontal plane en-keyword=Japanese children kn-keyword=Japanese children en-keyword=reference values kn-keyword=reference values END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=20 article-no= start-page=3307 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221021 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Novel Self-Forming Nanosized DDS Particles for BNCT: Utilizing A Hydrophobic Boron Cluster and Its Molecular Glue Effect en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=BNCT is a non-invasive cancer therapy that allows for cancer cell death without harming adjacent cells. However, the application is limited, owing to the challenges of working with clinically approved boron (B) compounds and drug delivery systems (DDS). To address the issues, we developed self-forming nanoparticles consisting of a biodegradable polymer, namely, "AB-type Lactosome (AB-Lac)" loaded with B compounds. Three carborane isomers (o-, m-, and p-carborane) and three related alkylated derivatives, i.e., 1,2-dimethy-o-carborane (diC1-Carb), 1,2-dihexyl-o-carborane (diC6-Carb), and 1,2-didodecyl-o-carborane (diC12-Carb), were separately loaded. diC6-Carb was highly loaded with AB-Lac particles, and their stability indicated the "molecular glue" effect. The efficiency of in vitro B uptake of diC6-Carb for BNCT was confirmed at non-cytotoxic concentration in several cancer cell lines. In vivo/ex vivo biodistribution studies indicated that the AB-Lac particles were remarkably accumulated within 72 h post-injection in the tumor lesions of mice bearing syngeneic breast cancer (4T1) cells, but the maximum accumulation was reached at 12 h. In ex vivo B biodistribution, the ratios of tumor/normal tissue (T/N) and tumor/blood (T/Bl) of the diC6-Carb-loaded particles remained stably high up to 72 h. Therefore, we propose the diC6-Carb-loaded AB-Lac particles as a promising candidate medicine for BNCT. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FithroniAbdul Basith en-aut-sei=Fithroni en-aut-mei=Abdul Basith kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiKazuko en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Kazuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UjiHirotaka en-aut-sei=Uji en-aut-mei=Hirotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshimotoManabu en-aut-sei=Ishimoto en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkehiMasaru en-aut-sei=Akehi en-aut-mei=Masaru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiTakashi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuuraEiji en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Fukushima SiC Applied Engineering Inc. kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) kn-keyword=boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) en-keyword=biologically self-degradable amphipathic polymer (Lactosome) kn-keyword=biologically self-degradable amphipathic polymer (Lactosome) en-keyword=hydrophobic boron cluster kn-keyword=hydrophobic boron cluster en-keyword=carborane isomers or o-carborane alkylated derivatives kn-keyword=carborane isomers or o-carborane alkylated derivatives en-keyword=molecular glue effect kn-keyword=molecular glue effect END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=267 end-page=284 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221018 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Traditional Chinese Medicines and Prescriptions Brought from China to Japan by a Monk (Jianzhen, Japanese: Ganjin): A Historical Review en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=(1) Background: Japanese Kampo medicine has its origin in ancient Chinese medicine. In 742, a Tang Dynasty monk named Jianzhen (Ganjin) was invited by Japanese clerics to visit Japan and teach commandments in Buddhism. Because of the dangers of the voyage and also other obstacles, he took 11 years to reach Japan on the sixth voyage and he was blind when he arrived in Japan. He was the first person in China to go to Japan to establish the Buddhism commandments, and he was also the first person in Japan to directly teach traditional Chinese medicine. Until now, there have been few reports in English about the details of the Chinese herbal medicines he brought to Japan, including the types of herbal medicines, pharmacological activities, and formulations. In the review, we systematically and comprehensively summarized Jianzhen’s life from the standpoint of his medical and pharmaceutical knowledge and the types and pharmacological activities of Chinese herbal medicines and prescriptions that were brought to Japan by Jianzhen;
(2) Methods: A review was made on the relevant literature written by Chinese, Japanese, and English languages regarding the medical and pharmacological knowledge of Jianzhen, the 36 Chinese herbal medicines brought to Japan by Jianzhen, and the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of these 36 herbal medicines, as well as their formulations;
(3) Results: The review of the literature proved that Jianzhen’s prescriptions served as a basis for current herbal medicines (Kampo) in Japan. In the process of the literature search, we found a book entitled Jianshangren (Holy Priest Jianzhen)’s Secret Prescription, which recorded the complete prescription of the 36 traditional Chinese medicines Jianzhen brought to Japan;
(4) Conclusions: Jianzhen is one of the ancestors of traditional Chinese medicine/Kampo medicine, and he brought traditional Chinese medicine and medical books to Japan for patients. He made important contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LiuShihui en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Shihui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoChie en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Chie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeTakumi en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Takumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Jianzhen kn-keyword=Jianzhen en-keyword=Ganjin kn-keyword=Ganjin en-keyword=traditional Chinese medicine kn-keyword=traditional Chinese medicine en-keyword=Kampo medicine kn-keyword=Kampo medicine en-keyword=herbal medicine kn-keyword=herbal medicine en-keyword=medical history kn-keyword=medical history en-keyword=Toshodaiji Temple kn-keyword=Toshodaiji Temple en-keyword=traditional Japanese medicine kn-keyword=traditional Japanese medicine en-keyword=Nara kn-keyword=Nara en-keyword=Tang Dynasty kn-keyword=Tang Dynasty END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=45 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=3322 end-page=3337 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220907 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=FE UPTAKE‐INDUCING PEPTIDE1 maintains Fe translocation by controlling Fe deficiency response genes in the vascular tissue of Arabidopsis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=FE UPTAKE-INDUCING PEPTIDE1 (FEP1), also named IRON MAN3 (IMA3) is a short peptide involved in the iron deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent studies uncovered its molecular function, but its physiological function in the systemic Fe response is not fully understood. To explore the physiological function of FEP1 in iron homoeostasis, we performed a transcriptome analysis using the FEP1 loss-of-function mutant fep1-1 and a transgenic line with oestrogen-inducible expression of FEP1. We determined that FEP1 specifically regulates several iron deficiency-responsive genes, indicating that FEP1 participates in iron translocation rather than iron uptake in roots. The iron concentration in xylem sap under iron-deficient conditions was lower in the fep1-1 mutant and higher in FEP1-induced transgenic plants compared with the wild type (WT). Perls staining revealed a greater accumulation of iron in the cortex of fep1-1 roots than in the WT root cortex, although total iron levels in roots were comparable in the two genotypes. Moreover, the fep1-1 mutation partially suppressed the iron overaccumulation phenotype in the leaves of the oligopeptide transporter3-2 (opt3-2) mutant. These data suggest that FEP1 plays a pivotal role in iron movement and in maintaining the iron quota in vascular tissues in Arabidopsis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkadaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=LeiGui J. en-aut-sei=Lei en-aut-mei=Gui J. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamajiNaoki en-aut-sei=Yamaji en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HuangSheng en-aut-sei=Huang en-aut-mei=Sheng kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaJian F. en-aut-sei=Ma en-aut-mei=Jian F. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MochidaKeiichi en-aut-sei=Mochida en-aut-mei=Keiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirayamaTakashi en-aut-sei=Hirayama en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Group of Environmental Stress Response Systems, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Group of Plant Stress Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Group of Plant Stress Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Group of Plant Stress Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Group of Plant Stress Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Crop Design Research Team, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Group of Environmental Stress Response Systems, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=oestrogen induction system kn-keyword=oestrogen induction system en-keyword=fep1-1 kn-keyword=fep1-1 en-keyword=iron-deficiency response kn-keyword=iron-deficiency response en-keyword=transcriptome kn-keyword=transcriptome END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=22 cd-vols= no-issue=17 article-no= start-page=6436 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220826 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Design and Implementation of SEMAR IoT Server Platform with Applications en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Nowadays, rapid developments of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have increased possibilities of realizing smart cities where collaborations and integrations of various IoT application systems are essential. However, IoT application systems have often been designed and deployed independently without considering the standards of devices, logics, and data communications. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the IoT server platform called Smart Environmental Monitoring and Analytical in Real-Time (SEMAR) for integrating IoT application systems using standards. SEMAR offers Big Data environments with built-in functions for data aggregations, synchronizations, and classifications with machine learning. Moreover, plug-in functions can be easily implemented. Data from devices for different sensors can be accepted directly and through network connections, which will be used in real-time for user interfaces, text files, and access to other systems through Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API) services. For evaluations of SEMAR, we implemented the platform and integrated five IoT application systems, namely, the air-conditioning guidance system, the fingerprint-based indoor localization system, the water quality monitoring system, the environment monitoring system, and the air quality monitoring system. When compared with existing research on IoT platforms, the proposed SEMAR IoT application server platform offers higher flexibility and interoperability with the functions for IoT device managements, data communications, decision making, synchronizations, and filters that can be easily integrated with external programs or IoT applications without changing the codes. The results confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposal. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=PandumanYohanes Yohanie Fridelin en-aut-sei=Panduman en-aut-mei=Yohanes Yohanie Fridelin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunabikiNobuo en-aut-sei=Funabiki en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=PuspitaningayuPradini en-aut-sei=Puspitaningayu en-aut-mei=Pradini kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuribayashiMinoru en-aut-sei=Kuribayashi en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SukaridhotoSritrusta en-aut-sei=Sukaridhoto en-aut-mei=Sritrusta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KaoWen-Chung en-aut-sei=Kao en-aut-mei=Wen-Chung kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Informatic and Computer, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University kn-affil= en-keyword=Internet of Things kn-keyword=Internet of Things en-keyword=server platform kn-keyword=server platform en-keyword=SEMAR kn-keyword=SEMAR en-keyword=IoT application system kn-keyword=IoT application system en-keyword=sensor kn-keyword=sensor en-keyword=MQTT kn-keyword=MQTT en-keyword=REST API kn-keyword=REST API END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=399 end-page=408 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202208 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Gene Expression Profiling between Patient Groups with High and Low Ki67 Levels after Short-term Preoperative Aromatase Inhibitor Treatment for Breast Cancer en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=According to a recent report, a low Ki67 level after short-term preoperative hormone therapy (post-Ki67) might suggest a more favorable prognosis compared with a high post-Ki67 level in patients with hormone receptorpositive/human epidermal growth factor 2-negative (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer with high levels of Ki67. This study aimed to evaluate the pre-treatment genetic differences between these two patient groups. Forty-five luminal B-like patients were stratified into two groups, namely, a group with high (H→H) and one with low (H→L) Ki67 levels after short-term preoperative aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment. We compared pre-treatmentgene expression profiles between the two groups. In gene level analysis, there was no significant difference between the two groups by the class comparison test. In pathway analysis, five metabolism-related gene sets were significantly upregulated in the H→L group (p≤0.05). In the search for novel targets, five genes (PARP, BRCA2, FLT4, CDK6, and PDCD1LG2) showed significantly higher expression in the H→H group (p≤0.05). Several metabolism-related pathways were associated with sensitivity to AI. In the future, it will be necessary to seek out new therapeutic strategies for the poor prognostic group with high post-Ki67. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KajiwaraYukiko en-aut-sei=Kajiwara en-aut-mei=Yukiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwamotoTakayuki en-aut-sei=Iwamoto en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhuYidan en-aut-sei=Zhu en-aut-mei=Yidan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KochiMariko en-aut-sei=Kochi en-aut-mei=Mariko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShienTadahiko en-aut-sei=Shien en-aut-mei=Tadahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TairaNaruto en-aut-sei=Taira en-aut-mei=Naruto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiharaHiroyoshi en-aut-sei=Doihara en-aut-mei=Hiroyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyookaShinichi en-aut-sei=Toyooka en-aut-mei=Shinichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Departments of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Departments of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Departments of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Departments of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Departments of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=breast cancer kn-keyword=breast cancer en-keyword=short-term hormone therapy kn-keyword=short-term hormone therapy en-keyword=gene expression profiling kn-keyword=gene expression profiling en-keyword=Ki-67 kn-keyword=Ki-67 en-keyword=targeted therapy kn-keyword=targeted therapy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=921636 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220623 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Periplasmic Lanthanide Mediator, Lanmodulin, in Methylobacterium aquaticum Strain 22A en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Methylobacterium and Methylorubrum species oxidize methanol via pyrroloquinoline quinone-methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs). MDHs can be classified into two major groups, Ca2+-dependent MDH (MxaF) and lanthanide (Ln(3+))-dependent MDH (XoxF), whose expression is regulated by the availability of Ln(3+). A set of a siderophore, TonB-dependent receptor, and an ABC transporter that resembles the machinery for iron uptake is involved in the solubilization and transport of Ln(3+). The transport of Ln(3+) into the cytosol enhances XoxF expression. A unique protein named lanmodulin from Methylorubrum extorquens strain AM1 was identified as a specific Ln(3+)-binding protein, and its biological function was implicated to be an Ln(3+) shuttle in the periplasm. In contrast, it remains unclear how Ln(3+) levels in the cells are maintained, because Ln(3+) is potentially deleterious to cellular systems due to its strong affinity to phosphate ions. In this study, we investigated the function of a lanmodulin homolog in Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A. The expression of a gene encoding lanmodulin (lanM) was induced in response to the presence of La3+. A recombinant LanM underwent conformational change upon La3+ binding. Phenotypic analyses on lanM deletion mutant and overexpressing strains showed that LanM is not necessary for the wild-type and XoxF-dependent mutant's methylotrophic growth. We found that lanM expression was regulated by MxcQE (a two-component regulator for MxaF) and TonB_Ln (a TonB-dependent receptor for Ln(3+)). The expression level of mxcQE was altered to be negatively dependent on Ln(3+) concentration in increment lanM, whereas it was constant in the wild type. Furthermore, when exposed to La3+, increment lanM showed an aggregating phenotype, cell membrane impairment, La deposition in the periplasm evidenced by electron microscopy, differential expression of proteins involved in membrane integrity and phosphate starvation, and possibly lower La content in the membrane vesicle (MV) fractions. Taken together, we concluded that lanmodulin is involved in the complex regulation mechanism of MDHs and homeostasis of cellular Ln levels by facilitating transport and MV-mediated excretion. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujitaniYoshiko en-aut-sei=Fujitani en-aut-mei=Yoshiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShibataTakeshi en-aut-sei=Shibata en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniAkio en-aut-sei=Tani en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=K.K. AB SCIEX kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=lanmodulin kn-keyword=lanmodulin en-keyword=lanthanide kn-keyword=lanthanide en-keyword=methanol dehydrogenase kn-keyword=methanol dehydrogenase en-keyword=Methylobacterium species kn-keyword=Methylobacterium species en-keyword=membrane vesicles kn-keyword=membrane vesicles END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=eabk0331 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202234 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vasopressin-oxytocin–type signaling is ancient and has a conserved water homeostasis role in euryhaline marine planarians en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vasopressin/oxytocin (VP/OT)–related peptides are essential for mammalian antidiuresis, sociosexual behavior, and reproduction. However, the evolutionary origin of this peptide system is still uncertain. Here, we identify orthologous genes to those for VP/OT in Platyhelminthes, intertidal planarians that have a simple bilaterian body structure but lack a coelom and body-fluid circulatory system. We report a comprehensive characterization of the neuropeptide derived from this VP/OT-type gene, identifying its functional receptor, and name it the “platytocin” system. Our experiments with these euryhaline planarians, living where environmental salinities fluctuate due to evaporation and rainfall, suggest that platytocin functions as an “antidiuretic hormone” and also organizes diverse actions including reproduction and chemosensory-associated behavior. We propose that bilaterians acquired physiological adaptations to amphibious lives by such regulation of the body fluids. This neuropeptide-secreting system clearly became indispensable for life even without the development of a vascular circulatory system or relevant synapses. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KobayashiAoshi en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Aoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamadaMayuko en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Mayuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaMasa-aki en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Masa-aki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiYasuhisa en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Yasuhisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsutsuiNaoaki en-aut-sei=Tsutsui en-aut-mei=Naoaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SekiguchiToshio en-aut-sei=Sekiguchi en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsukawaYuta en-aut-sei=Matsukawa en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaejimaSho en-aut-sei=Maejima en-aut-mei=Sho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=GingellJoseph J. en-aut-sei=Gingell en-aut-mei=Joseph J. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SekiguchiShoko en-aut-sei=Sekiguchi en-aut-mei=Shoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamamotoAyumu en-aut-sei=Hamamoto en-aut-mei=Ayumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayDebbie L. en-aut-sei=Hay en-aut-mei=Debbie L. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorrisJohn F. en-aut-sei=Morris en-aut-mei=John F. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoTatsuya en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoHirotaka en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Hirotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Oki Marine Biological Station, Shimane University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Kanazawa University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetic, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=5738 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220508 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cholera Outbreaks in India, 2011-2020: A Systematic Review en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Fecal contamination of water sources and open defecation have been linked to cholera outbreaks in India. However, a systematic review on the drivers responsible for these outbreaks has yet to be published. Here, we systematically review the published literature on cholera outbreaks in India between 2011 and 2020. We searched studies in English in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science) and the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program that tracks cholera outbreaks throughout India. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Quantitative data on the modes of transmission reviewed in this study were assessed for any change over time between 2011-2015 and 2016-2020. Our search retrieved 10823 records initially, out of which 81 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. Among these 81 studies, 20 were eligible for inclusion in this review. There were 565 reported outbreaks between 2011 and 2020 that led to 45,759 cases and 263 deaths. Outbreaks occurred throughout the year; however, they exploded with monsoons (June through September). In Tamil Nadu, a typical peak of cholera outbreaks was observed from December to January. Seventy-two percent (33,089/45,759) of outbreak-related cases were reported in five states, namely Maharashtra, West Bengal, Punjab, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. Analysis of these outbreaks highlighted the main drivers of cholera including contaminated drinking water and food, inadequate sanitation and hygiene (including open defecation), and direct contact between households. The comparison between 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 showed a decreasing trend in the outbreaks that arose due to damaged water pipelines. Many Indians still struggle with open defecation, sanitation, and clean water access. These issues should be addressed critically. In addition, it is essential to interrupt cholera short-cycle transmission (mediated by households, stored drinking water and foodstuffs) during an outbreak. As cholera is associated with deprivation, socio-economic development is the only long-term solution. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre en-aut-sei=Muzembo en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaharaKei en-aut-sei=Kitahara en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya en-aut-sei=Debnath en-aut-mei=Anusuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhnoAyumu en-aut-sei=Ohno en-aut-mei=Ayumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=cholera kn-keyword=cholera en-keyword=outbreak kn-keyword=outbreak en-keyword=water supply kn-keyword=water supply en-keyword=open defecation kn-keyword=open defecation en-keyword=sewage kn-keyword=sewage en-keyword=household kn-keyword=household en-keyword=food kn-keyword=food en-keyword=close contact kn-keyword=close contact en-keyword=behavioral changes kn-keyword=behavioral changes en-keyword=India kn-keyword=India END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=e73990 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220411 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Structural basis for the absence of low-energy chlorophylls in a photosystem I trimer from Gloeobacter violaceus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Photosystem I (PSI) is a multi-subunit pigment-protein complex that functions in light-harvesting and photochemical charge-separation reactions, followed by reduction of NADP to NADPH required for CO2 fixation in photosynthetic organisms. PSI from different photosynthetic organisms has a variety of chlorophylls (Chls), some of which are at lower-energy levels than its reaction center P700, a special pair of Chls, and are called low-energy Chls. However, the sites of low-energy Chls are still under debate. Here, we solved a 2.04-& ANGS; resolution structure of a PSI trimer by cryo-electron microscopy from a primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421, which has no low-energy Chls. The structure shows the absence of some subunits commonly found in other cyanobacteria, confirming the primordial nature of this cyanobacterium. Comparison with the known structures of PSI from other cyanobacteria and eukaryotic organisms reveals that one dimeric and one trimeric Chls are lacking in the Gloeobacter PSI. The dimeric and trimeric Chls are named Low1 and Low2, respectively. Low2 is missing in some cyanobacterial and eukaryotic PSIs, whereas Low1 is absent only in Gloeobacter. These findings provide insights into not only the identity of low-energy Chls in PSI, but also the evolutionary changes of low-energy Chls in oxyphototrophs. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KatoKoji en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamaguchiTasuku en-aut-sei=Hamaguchi en-aut-mei=Tasuku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagaoRyo en-aut-sei=Nagao en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawakamiKeisuke en-aut-sei=Kawakami en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=UenoYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Ueno en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiTakehiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaHiroko en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Hiroko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurakamiAkio en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakajimaYoshiki en-aut-sei=Nakajima en-aut-mei=Yoshiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokonoMakio en-aut-sei=Yokono en-aut-mei=Makio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkimotoSeiji en-aut-sei=Akimoto en-aut-mei=Seiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=DohmaeNaoshi en-aut-sei=Dohmae en-aut-mei=Naoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=YonekuraKoji en-aut-sei=Yonekura en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShenJian-Ren en-aut-sei=Shen en-aut-mei=Jian-Ren kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Science, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Science, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Graduate School of Science, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=photosystem I kn-keyword=photosystem I en-keyword=cryo-EM kn-keyword=cryo-EM en-keyword=low-energy Chl kn-keyword=low-energy Chl en-keyword=Gloeobacter kn-keyword=Gloeobacter en-keyword=Other kn-keyword=Other END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=128 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=453 end-page=460 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220329 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Artificial selections for death-feigning behavior in beetles show correlated responses in amplitude of circadian rhythms, but the period of the rhythm does not en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=One of the most important survival strategies of organisms is to avoid predators. Studying one of such strategies, namely, death-feigning behavior, has recently become more common. The success or failure of this antipredator strategy will be affected by the circadian rhythms of both prey and predator because death feigning sometimes has a diurnal rhythm. However, few studies have analyzed the effects of differences in circadian rhythms on predator-avoidance behavior at the genetic level. Recently, the relationship between genes relating to circadian rhythm and death-feigning behavior, an antipredator behavior, has been established at the molecular level. Therefore, in this study, we compared three circadian rhythm-related traits, the free-running period of rhythms, amplitude of circadian rhythms, and total activity of strains of three Tribolium species that were artificially selected for the death-feigning duration: short (S-strains) and long (L-strains) durations. As a result, the amplitude of circadian rhythms and total activity were significantly different between S- and L-strains, but there was no difference in the free-running periods of the rhythm between the strains in T. castaneum, T. confusum, and T. freemani. Although the relationship between death-feigning behavior and activity has been reported for all three species, a genetic relationship between the duration of death feigning and the amplitude of circadian rhythms has been newly found in the present study. It is important to investigate the relationship between antipredator strategies and circadian rhythms at the molecular level in the future. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyatakeTakahisa en-aut-sei=Miyatake en-aut-mei=Takahisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=S. AbeMasato en-aut-sei=S. Abe en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumuraKentarou en-aut-sei=Matsumura en-aut-mei=Kentarou kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiiTaishi en-aut-sei=Yoshii en-aut-mei=Taishi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Laboratory of entomology, Faculty of Agriculture kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=biological clock kn-keyword=biological clock en-keyword=coleoptera kn-keyword=coleoptera en-keyword=death feigning kn-keyword=death feigning en-keyword=thanatosis kn-keyword=thanatosis en-keyword=tonic immobility kn-keyword=tonic immobility END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220408 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=MRI multiparametric scoring system for pial blood supply of intracranial meningiomas en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background: Meningiomas are occasionally fed by pial blood supply (PBS). It is postulated that peritumoral flow void (PTFV), peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), and absence of an arachnoid plane (AP) are useful parameters for evaluating PBS. Purpose: To determine whether conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a multiparametric scoring system (MSS) is a useful way to predict PBS. Material and Methods: Forty-six patients were included and divided: PBS and non-PBS groups. Differences between the groups in six parameters of MR imaging were analyzed: tumor size, tumor location, PTBE grade, AP grade, PTFV, and MIB1 labeling index (MIB1-LI) grade. Cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for the differentiation of both groups based on statistically significant parameters. All cases were scored as 1 (PBS) or 0 (non-PBS) for each parameter according to set thresholds. Individual scores were totaled for each case, yielding a combined score for each case to obtain a cutoff value using ROC curve analysis for the MSS. Results: Peritumoral brain edema grade, AP grade, PTFV, and MIB-LI grade were statistically associated with PBS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that PTBE grade 3 or 4, AP grade 3 or 4, and PTFV positivity had the highest accuracy of 69%, 64%, and 68%, respectively. Regarding the MSS, a cutoff value of 2 had the highest accuracy of 71%; PBS diagnosis was indicated by at least two of the three parameters, namely, PTBE grade, AP grade, and PTFV. Conclusion: The MSS is a useful way to predict PBS in intracranial meningiomas on MRI. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HigakiFumiyo en-aut-sei=Higaki en-aut-mei=Fumiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueSatoshi en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OdaWakako en-aut-sei=Oda en-aut-mei=Wakako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsusueEiji en-aut-sei=Matsusue en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiTakao en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Neurosurgery, Okayama City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama City Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=pial blood supply kn-keyword=pial blood supply en-keyword=peritumoral brain edema kn-keyword=peritumoral brain edema en-keyword=arachnoid plane kn-keyword=arachnoid plane en-keyword=peritumoral flow void kn-keyword=peritumoral flow void en-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging kn-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=2074 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220311 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Energy-Efficient Robot Configuration and Motion Planning Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The implementation of Industry 5.0 necessitates a decrease in the energy consumption of industrial robots. This research investigates energy optimization for optimal motion planning for a dual-arm industrial robot. The objective function for the energy minimization problem is stated based on the execution time and total energy consumption of the robot arm configurations in its workspace for pick-and-place operation. Firstly, the PID controller is being used to achieve the optimal parameters. The parameters of PID are then fine-tuned using metaheuristic algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization methods to create a more precise robot motion trajectory, resulting in an energy-efficient robot configuration. The results for different robot configurations were compared with both motion planning algorithms, which shows better compatibility in terms of both execution time and energy efficiency. The feasibility of the algorithms is demonstrated by conducting experiments on a dual-arm robot, named as duAro. In terms of energy efficiency, the results show that dual-arm motions can save more energy than single-arm motions for an industrial robot. Furthermore, combining the robot configuration problem with metaheuristic approaches saves energy consumption and robot execution time when compared to motion planning with PID controllers alone. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NonoyamaKazuki en-aut-sei=Nonoyama en-aut-mei=Kazuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiuZiang en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Ziang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraTomofumi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Tomofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AlamMd Moktadir en-aut-sei=Alam en-aut-mei=Md Moktadir kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiTatsushi en-aut-sei=Nishi en-aut-mei=Tatsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=robot motion planning kn-keyword=robot motion planning en-keyword=robot placement kn-keyword=robot placement en-keyword=optimization kn-keyword=optimization en-keyword=PID kn-keyword=PID en-keyword=genetic algorithm kn-keyword=genetic algorithm en-keyword=particle swarm optimization kn-keyword=particle swarm optimization END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=3984 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220316 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A novel variant of the Calvin-Benson cycle bypassing fructose bisphosphate en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The Calvin-Benson cycle (CB cycle) is quantitatively the most important metabolic pathway for CO2 fixation. In the canonical CB cycle, fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (S7P), and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate (SBP) appear as essential intermediates, where F6P is formed from FBP by the fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) reaction, and S7P is formed from SBP by the sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) reaction. Although the involvement of SBP and SBPase in the canonical CB cycle is consistent with the reported dependency of photosynthetic carbon metabolism on SBPase, the involvement of FBP and FBPase is not completely consistent with the reported FBP- or FBPase-related findings such as, although with a diminished growth rate, an Arabidopsis mutant lacking FBPase grew photoautotrophically in soil. Here, we show a novel variant of the CB cycle involving SBP, SBPase, and transaldolase, but neither FBP nor FBPase. This novel variant, named the S7P-removing transaldolase variant, bypasses FBP. This variant explains the FBP- or FBPase-related findings more easily than the canonical CB cycle as well as the dependency of photosynthetic carbon metabolism on SBPase and further suggests that co-overexpression of SBPase and transaldolase can be a strategy for enhancing photosynthetic carbon metabolism, which is important for the global environment. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhtaJun en-aut-sei=Ohta en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=57 end-page=62 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202202 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=In Vivo Microwave Ablation of Normal Swine Lung at High-power, Short-duration Settings en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To evaluate the volume and heat-sink effects of microwave ablation (MWA) in the ablation zone of the normal swine lung. MWA at 100 W was performed for 1, 2, and 3 min in 7, 5, and 5 lung zones, respectively. We assessed the histopathology in the ablation zones and other outcome measures: namely, length of the longest long and short axes, sphericity, ellipsoid area, and ellipsoid volume. The mean long- and short-axis diameters were 22.0 and 14.1 mm in the 1-min ablation zone, 27.6 and 20.2 mm in the 2-min ablation zone; and 29.2 and 21.2 mm in the 3-min ablation zone, respectively. All measures, except sphericity, were significantly less with 1-min ablation than with either 2- or 3-min ablation. There were no significant differences between the 2- and 3-min ablation zones, but all measures except sphericity were larger with 3-min ablation. Although there were no blood vessels that resulted in a heat-sink effect within the ablation zones, the presence of bronchi nearby in 5 lung ablation zones resulted in reduced ablation size. In high-power, short-duration MWA, the lung ablation volume was affected by ablation time. Some ablations showed that a heat-sink effect by a neighboring bronchus might occur. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IguchiToshihiro en-aut-sei=Iguchi en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiTakao en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuiYusuke en-aut-sei=Matsui en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TojiTomohiro en-aut-sei=Toji en-aut-mei=Tomohiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=UkaMayu en-aut-sei=Uka en-aut-mei=Mayu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomitaKoji en-aut-sei=Tomita en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KomakiToshiyuki en-aut-sei=Komaki en-aut-mei=Toshiyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=UmakoshiNoriyuki en-aut-sei=Umakoshi en-aut-mei=Noriyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitsuhashiToshiharu en-aut-sei=Mitsuhashi en-aut-mei=Toshiharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanazawaSusumu en-aut-sei=Kanazawa en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=microwave ablation kn-keyword=microwave ablation en-keyword=lung kn-keyword=lung en-keyword=ablation zone kn-keyword=ablation zone en-keyword=heat-sink effect kn-keyword=heat-sink effect en-keyword=swine kn-keyword=swine END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=111651 end-page=111665 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=2021 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Mitigation of Kernel Memory Corruption Using Multiple Kernel Memory Mechanism en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Operating systems adopt kernel protection methods (e.g., mandatory access control, kernel address space layout randomization, control flow integrity, and kernel page table isolation) as essential countermeasures to reduce the likelihood of kernel vulnerability attacks. However, kernel memory corruption can still occur via the execution of malicious kernel code at the kernel layer. This is because the vulnerable kernel code and the attack target kernel code or kernel data are located in the same kernel address space. To gain complete control of a host, adversaries focus on kernel code invocations, such as function pointers that rely on the starting points of the kernel protection methods. To mitigate such subversion attacks, this paper presents multiple kernel memory (MKM), which employs an alternative design for kernel address space separation. The MKM mechanism focuses on the isolation granularity of the kernel address space during each execution of the kernel code. MKM provides two kernel address spaces, namely, i) the trampoline kernel address space, which acts as the gateway feature between user and kernel modes and ii) the security kernel address space, which utilizes the localization of the kernel protection methods (i.e., kernel observation). Additionally, MKM achieves the encapsulation of the vulnerable kernel code to prevent access to the kernel code invocations of the separated kernel address space. The evaluation results demonstrated that MKM can protect the kernel code and kernel data from a proof-of-concept kernel vulnerability that could lead to kernel memory corruption. In addition, the performance results of MKM indicate that the system call overhead latency ranges from 0.020 μs to 0.5445 μs, while the web application benchmark ranges from 196.27 μs to 6, 685.73 μs for each download access of 100,000 Hypertext Transfer Protocol sessions. MKM attained a 97.65% system benchmark score and a 99.76% kernel compilation time. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuzunoHiroki en-aut-sei=Kuzuno en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamauchiToshihiro en-aut-sei=Yamauchi en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=1Intelligent Systems Laboratory, SECOM Company Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=2Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Memory corruption kn-keyword=Memory corruption en-keyword=kernel vulnerability kn-keyword=kernel vulnerability en-keyword=system security kn-keyword=system security en-keyword=operating system kn-keyword=operating system END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=82 end-page=91 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202203 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pottery inscribed in ink with the character sen (専) and its interpretation kn-title=「専」に関する墨書土器とその解釈 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, I considered the significance of pottery inscribed in ink with the character sen (専). There are very few examples of such pottery and sen is not believed to have been a commonly used character in ancient society. Sen can be written with a single character or with two or more characters, and in the latter case, the word sentō (専當) is found. The word sentō has the meaning of taking responsibility for a specific task and is also used as the name of a position in the imperial court and at shrines and temples. Especially in the ancient period, it is thought to have been related to duties concerning taxation, duties surrounding the land of temples and shrines, and the duties of manor administrators. The meaning of sentō can be confirmed from examples of its use in historical documents. Based on an analysis of the sites where pottery bearing ink inscriptions of sentō and sen has been unearthed, I suggested that even when the single character sen was used, it had the meaning of sentō. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MinamiKentaro en-aut-sei=Minami en-aut-mei=Kentaro kn-aut-name=南健太郎 kn-aut-sei=南 kn-aut-mei=健太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Archaeological Research Center, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Ancient Japan kn-keyword=Ancient Japan en-keyword=ink-inscribed pottery kn-keyword=ink-inscribed pottery en-keyword=Sen (専) kn-keyword=Sen (専) en-keyword=Sentō (専當) kn-keyword=Sentō (専當) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=14 article-no= start-page=L140402 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=2021107 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Spin-gap formation due to spin-Peierls instability in π-orbital-ordered NaO2 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We have investigated the low-temperature magnetism of sodium superoxide (NaO2), in which spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom are closely entangled. The magnetic susceptibility shows anomalies at T1 = 220 K and T2 = 190 K, which correspond well to the structural phase transition temperatures, and a sudden decrease below T3 = 34 K. At 4.2 K, the magnetization shows a clear stepwise anomaly around 30 T with a large hysteresis. In addition, the muon spin relaxation experiments indicate no magnetic phase transition down to T = 0.3 K. The inelastic neutron scattering spectrum exhibits magnetic excitation with a finite energy gap. These results confirm that the ground state of NaO2 is a spin-singlet state. To understand this ground state in NaO2, we performed Raman scattering experiments. All the Raman-active libration modes expected for the marcasite phase below T2 are observed. Furthermore, we find that several new peaks appear below T3. This directly evidences the low crystal symmetry, namely, the presence of the phase transition at T3.We conclude that the singlet ground state of NaO2 is due to the spin-Peierls instability. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyajimaMizuki en-aut-sei=Miyajima en-aut-mei=Mizuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AstutiFahmi en-aut-sei=Astuti en-aut-mei=Fahmi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukudaTakahito en-aut-sei=Fukuda en-aut-mei=Takahito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KodaniMasashi en-aut-sei=Kodani en-aut-mei=Masashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IidaShinsuke en-aut-sei=Iida en-aut-mei=Shinsuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsaiShinichiro en-aut-sei=Asai en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoAkira en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaTakatsugu en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Takatsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KindoKoichi en-aut-sei=Kindo en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasegawaTakumi en-aut-sei=Hasegawa en-aut-mei=Takumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiTatsuo C. en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Tatsuo C. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanoTakehito en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Takehito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeIsao en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=KambeTakashi en-aut-sei=Kambe en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Physics, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Physics, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Physics, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Physics, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Ibaraki University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Advanced Meson Science Laboratory, RIKEN Nishina Center kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Physics, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=715545 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210819 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of a Novel Quinvirus in the Family Betaflexiviridae That Infects Winter Wheat en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Yellow mosaic disease in winter wheat is usually attributed to the infection by bymoviruses or furoviruses; however, there is still limited information on whether other viral agents are also associated with this disease. To investigate the wheat viromes associated with yellow mosaic disease, we carried out de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of symptomatic and asymptomatic wheat-leaf samples obtained from a field in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2018 and 2019. The analyses revealed the infection by a novel betaflexivirus, which tentatively named wheat virus Q (WVQ), together with wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, a bymovirus) and northern cereal mosaic virus (a cytorhabdovirus). Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses showed that the WVQ strains (of which there are at least three) were related to the members of the genus Foveavirus in the subfamily Quinvirinae (family Betaflexiviridae). In the phylogenetic tree, they form a clade distant from that of the foveaviruses, suggesting that WVQ is a member of a novel genus in the Quinvirinae. Laboratory tests confirmed that WVQ, like WYMV, is potentially transmitted through the soil to wheat plants. WVQ was also found to infect rye plants grown in the same field. Moreover, WVQ-derived small interfering RNAs accumulated in the infected wheat plants, indicating that WVQ infection induces antiviral RNA silencing responses. Given its common coexistence with WYMV, the impact of WVQ infection on yellow mosaic disease in the field warrants detailed investigation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaNaoto en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Naoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaMiki en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Miki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaruyamaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Maruyama en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HisanoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Hisano en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamadaTetsuo en-aut-sei=Tamada en-aut-mei=Tetsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndikaIda Bagus en-aut-sei=Andika en-aut-mei=Ida Bagus kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Agricultural Research Institute, HOKUREN Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Betaflexiviridae kn-keyword=Betaflexiviridae en-keyword=quinvirus kn-keyword=quinvirus en-keyword=bymovirus kn-keyword=bymovirus en-keyword=yellow mosaic disease kn-keyword=yellow mosaic disease en-keyword=wheat kn-keyword=wheat en-keyword=virome kn-keyword=virome en-keyword=soil borne kn-keyword=soil borne en-keyword=variants kn-keyword=variants END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=23 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=5760 end-page=5772 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210323 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Two different regimes in alcohol-induced coil–helix transition: effects of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol on proteins being either independent of or enhanced by solvent structural fluctuations en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Inhomogeneous distribution of constituent molecules in a mixed solvent has been known to give remarkable effects on the solute, e.g., conformational changes of biomolecules in an alcohol-water mixture. We investigated the general effects of 2,2,2-trifiuoroethanoE (TFE) on proteins/peptides in a mixture of water and TFE using melittin as a model protein. Fluctuations and Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBIs) in the TFE-H2O mixture, quantitative descriptions of inhomogeneity, were determined by smallangle X-ray scattering investigation and compared with those in the aqueous solutions of other alcohols. The concentration fluctuation for the mixtures ranks as methanol < ethanol << TFE < tert-butanol < 1-propanol, indicating that the inhomogeneity of molecular distribution in the TFE-H2O mixture is unexpectedly comparable to those in the series of mono-ok. On the basis of the concentration dependence of KBIs between the TFE molecules, it was found that a strong attraction between the TFE molecules is not necessarily important to induce helix conformation, which is inconsistent with the previously proposed mechanism. To address this issue, by combining the KBIs and the helix contents reported by the experimental spectroscopic studies, we quantitatively evaluated the change in the preferential binding parameter of TFE to melittin attributed to the coil-helix transition. As a result, we found two different regimes on TFE-induced helix formation. In the dilute concentration region of TFE below similar to 2 M, where the TFE molecules are not aggregated among themselves, the excess preferential binding of TFE to the helix occurs due to the direct interaction between them, namely independent of the solvent fluctuation. In the higher concentration region above similar to 2 M, in addition to the former effect, the excess preferential binding is significantly enhanced by the solvent fluctuation. This scheme should be held as general cosoEvent effects of TFE on proteins/peptides. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhgiHiroyo en-aut-sei=Ohgi en-aut-mei=Hiroyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImamuraHiroshi en-aut-sei=Imamura en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SumiTomonari en-aut-sei=Sumi en-aut-mei=Tomonari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishikawaKeiko en-aut-sei=Nishikawa en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KogaYoshikata en-aut-sei=Koga en-aut-mei=Yoshikata kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=WesthPeter en-aut-sei=Westh en-aut-mei=Peter kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaTakeshi en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=21 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=093056 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190924 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Superconductivity in a new layered triangular-lattice system Li2IrSi2 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We report on the crystal structure and superconducting properties of a novel iridium-silicide, namely Li2IrSi2. It has a Ag2NiO2-type structure (space group R-3m) with the lattice parameters a = 4.028 30(6) Å and c = 13.161 80(15) Å. The crystal structure comprises IrSi2 and double Li layers stacked alternately along the c-axis. The IrSi2 layer includes a two-dimensional Ir equilateral-triangular lattice. Electrical resistivity and static magnetic measurements revealed that Li2IrSi2 is a type-II superconductor with critical temperature (Tc) of 3.3 K. We estimated the following superconducting parameters: lower critical field Hc1(0) ~ 42 Oe, upper critical field Hc2(0) ~ 1.7 kOe, penetration depth λ0 ~ 265 nm, coherence length ξ0 ~ 44 nm, and Ginzburg–Landau parameter κGL ~ 6.02. The specific-heat data suggested that superconductivity in Li2IrSi2 could be attributed to weak-coupling Cooper pairs. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HoriganeK en-aut-sei=Horigane en-aut-mei=K kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeuchiK en-aut-sei=Takeuchi en-aut-mei=K kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyakumuraD en-aut-sei=Hyakumura en-aut-mei=D kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HorieR en-aut-sei=Horie en-aut-mei=R kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoT en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=T kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuranakaT en-aut-sei=Muranaka en-aut-mei=T kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawashimaK en-aut-sei=Kawashima en-aut-mei=K kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshiiH en-aut-sei=Ishii en-aut-mei=H kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubozonoY en-aut-sei=Kubozono en-aut-mei=Y kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OrimoS en-aut-sei=Orimo en-aut-mei=S kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsobeM en-aut-sei=Isobe en-aut-mei=M kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkimitsuJ en-aut-sei=Akimitsu en-aut-mei=J kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of natural science and technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=supreconductivity kn-keyword=supreconductivity en-keyword=iridium-silicide kn-keyword=iridium-silicide en-keyword=spin–orbit coupling kn-keyword=spin–orbit coupling END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=441 end-page=457 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=2021 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Isolation and characterization of cancer stem cells derived from human glioblastoma en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Cancer stem cell (CSC) is considered as a cause of cancer recurrence and metastasis. Simultaneously CSCs are responsible for the heterogeneous population in tumor tissues due to their differentiation potential. However, the characterizations of CSCs are still not enough and cancer stem cell lines widely available is desired to be established for the advancement of cancer research. In this study, we tried to isolate and characterize stem like cells from human glioblastoma cell line U-251MG cells. U-251MG P1 cells, which was previously condensed in the presence of hyaluronic acid as CD44 positive population were subjected to single cell isolation procedure. Although 5 clones were isolated, only one clone exhibited high expression of CD44, Nanog, OCT3/4 and SOX2, and named U-251MGSC1. The sphere forming ability of U-251MGSC1 cell was significantly higher than the parental U-251MG cells. Tumorigenicity of U-251MG-SC1 cells were higher than that of U-251MG cells. U-251MGSC1 cells exhibited higher expression of CD44, SOX2, Nestin and A2B5 than U-251MG cells in vitro and in vivo. The expression of GFAP and NF-M was enhanced when the cells were treated with the conditioned medium of U-251MG cells indicating the potential of differentiation. Sphere forming ability was more efficient than that of U-251MG cells and was enhanced in the presence of hyaluronic acid, which enhanced the cell growth as well. U-251MGSC1 cells exhibited rapid growth tumor in nude mice and efficient metastatic ability in transmembrane assay when compared with U-251MG cells. As the result, we concluded U-251MGSC1 cell was a glioblastoma CSC line derived from the parental U-251MG cells. U-251MGSC1 cells will be a good tool to develop effective therapeutic agents against CSCs and to elucidate the properties of glioma derived CSCs and the mechanism of tumor development in brain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshiiHiroko en-aut-sei=Ishii en-aut-mei=Hiroko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MimuraYuki en-aut-sei=Mimura en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZahraMaram H. en-aut-sei=Zahra en-aut-mei=Maram H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatayamaShota en-aut-sei=Katayama en-aut-mei=Shota kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HassanGhmkin en-aut-sei=Hassan en-aut-mei=Ghmkin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AfifySaid M. en-aut-sei=Afify en-aut-mei=Said M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SenoMasaharu en-aut-sei=Seno en-aut-mei=Masaharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=GSP Enterprise, Inc. kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Cancer stem cell kn-keyword=Cancer stem cell en-keyword=glioblastoma kn-keyword=glioblastoma en-keyword=sphere formation kn-keyword=sphere formation en-keyword=CD44 kn-keyword=CD44 en-keyword=SOX2 kn-keyword=SOX2 en-keyword=GFAP kn-keyword=GFAP END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=29 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210222 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Differentiated glioblastoma cells accelerate tumor progression by shaping the tumor microenvironment via CCN1-mediated macrophage infiltration en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor characterized by significant cellular heterogeneity, namely tumor cells, including GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) and differentiated GBM cells (DGCs), and non-tumor cells such as endothelial cells, vascular pericytes, macrophages, and other types of immune cells. GSCs are essential to drive tumor progression, whereas the biological roles of DGCs are largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the roles of DGCs in the tumor microenvironment. To this end, we extracted DGC-specific signature genes from transcriptomic profiles of matched pairs of in vitro GSC and DGC models. By evaluating the DGC signature using single cell data, we confirmed the presence of cell subpopulations emulated by in vitro culture models within a primary tumor. The DGC signature was correlated with the mesenchymal subtype and a poor prognosis in large GBM cohorts such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project. In silico signaling pathway analysis suggested a role of DGCs in macrophage infiltration. Consistent with in silico findings, in vitro DGC models promoted macrophage migration. In vivo, coimplantation of DGCs and GSCs reduced the survival of tumor xenograft-bearing mice and increased macrophage infiltration into tumor tissue compared with transplantation of GSCs alone. DGCs exhibited a significant increase in YAP/TAZ/TEAD activity compared with GSCs. CCN1, a transcriptional target of YAP/TAZ, was selected from the DGC signature as a candidate secreted protein involved in macrophage recruitment. In fact, CCN1 was secreted abundantly from DGCs, but not GSCs. DGCs promoted macrophage migration in vitro and macrophage infiltration into tumor tissue in vivo through secretion of CCN1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that DGCs contribute to GSC-dependent tumor progression by shaping a mesenchymal microenvironment via CCN1-mediated macrophage infiltration. This study provides new insight into the complex GBM microenvironment consisting of heterogeneous cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UnedaAtsuhito en-aut-sei=Uneda en-aut-mei=Atsuhito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurozumiKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Kurozumi en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujimuraAtsushi en-aut-sei=Fujimura en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiKentaro en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Kentaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshidaJoji en-aut-sei=Ishida en-aut-mei=Joji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimazuYosuke en-aut-sei=Shimazu en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtaniYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Otani en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomitaYusuke en-aut-sei=Tomita en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=HattoriYasuhiko en-aut-sei=Hattori en-aut-mei=Yasuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoYuji en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuboiNobushige en-aut-sei=Tsuboi en-aut-mei=Nobushige kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakinoKeigo en-aut-sei=Makino en-aut-mei=Keigo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoShuichiro en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Shuichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamiyaAtsunori en-aut-sei=Kamiya en-aut-mei=Atsunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=DateIsao en-aut-sei=Date en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Differentiated glioblastoma cell kn-keyword=Differentiated glioblastoma cell en-keyword=Glioblastoma stem cell kn-keyword=Glioblastoma stem cell en-keyword=CCN1 kn-keyword=CCN1 en-keyword=YAP/TAZ kn-keyword=YAP/TAZ en-keyword=TEAD kn-keyword=TEAD en-keyword=Mesenchymal subtype kn-keyword=Mesenchymal subtype en-keyword=Macrophage kn-keyword=Macrophage en-keyword=Microenvironment kn-keyword=Microenvironment en-keyword=Glioma kn-keyword=Glioma en-keyword=Glioblastoma kn-keyword=Glioblastoma END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=20857 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Lokiarchaeota archaeon schizorhodopsin-2 (LaSzR2) is an inward proton pump displaying a characteristic feature of acid-induced spectral blue-shift en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The photoreactive protein rhodopsin is widespread in microorganisms and has a variety of photobiological functions. Recently, a novel phylogenetically distinctive group named 'schizorhodopsin (SzR)' has been identified as an inward proton pump. We performed functional and spectroscopic studies on an uncharacterised schizorhodopsin from the phylum Lokiarchaeota archaeon. The protein, LaSzR2, having an all-trans-retinal chromophore, showed inward proton pump activity with an absorption maximum at 549 nm. The pH titration experiments revealed that the protonated Schiff base of the retinal chromophore (Lys188, pK(a)=12.3) is stabilised by the deprotonated counterion (presumably Asp184, pK(a)=3.7). The flash-photolysis experiments revealed the presence of two photointermediates, K and M. A proton was released and uptaken from bulk solution upon the formation and decay of the M intermediate. During the M-decay, the Schiff base was reprotonated by the proton from a proton donating residue (presumably Asp172). These properties were compared with other inward (SzRs and xenorhodopsins, XeRs) and outward proton pumps. Notably, LaSzR2 showed acid-induced spectral 'blue-shift' due to the protonation of the counterion, whereas outward proton pumps showed opposite shifts (red-shifts). Thus, we can distinguish between inward and outward proton pumps by the direction of the acid-induced spectral shift. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KojimaKeiichi en-aut-sei=Kojima en-aut-mei=Keiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshizawaSusumu en-aut-sei=Yoshizawa en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasegawaMasumi en-aut-sei=Hasegawa en-aut-mei=Masumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamaMasaki en-aut-sei=Nakama en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuriharaMarie en-aut-sei=Kurihara en-aut-mei=Marie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KikukawaTakashi en-aut-sei=Kikukawa en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SudoYuki en-aut-sei=Sudo en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=292 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=110325 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202103 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Crystallization characteristics of amorphous trehalose dried from alcohol en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Trehalose forms a glass that can be used to preserve labile substances under desiccation. The crystallization characteristics, namely crystallization temperature (Tcry) and isothermal crystallization behavior of amorphous trehalose, dried from alcohol (methanol, ethanol), was analyzed and the results were compared with those for the amorphous trehalose freeze-dried from water. The use of alcohol as a solvent lowered the Tcry from 184 ± 6 °C for the case of an aqueous solvent to 103 ± 5 °C/methanol and 120 ± 8 °C/ethanol. The formation of multiple forms of crystals and partial melting were suggested by the thermal analysis. Isothermal crystallization experiments showed that the alcohol-originated amorphous trehalose was eventually exclusively converted into β-form crystals. The induction period (tind) before the start of isothermal crystallization was markedly shortened when alcohol was used as the solvent compared to water. The tind values for various amorphous sugar samples including the alcohol-originated ones could be correlated with difference between Tcry and the sample temperature. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SekitohTakanari en-aut-sei=Sekitoh en-aut-mei=Takanari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoTakashi en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiokaAkiho en-aut-sei=Fujioka en-aut-mei=Akiho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiokaTomohiko en-aut-sei=Yoshioka en-aut-mei=Tomohiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TeruiShinji en-aut-sei=Terui en-aut-mei=Shinji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImanakaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Imanaka en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshidaNaoyuki en-aut-sei=Ishida en-aut-mei=Naoyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImamuraKoreyoshi en-aut-sei=Imamura en-aut-mei=Koreyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Trehalose kn-keyword=Trehalose en-keyword=Crystallization kn-keyword=Crystallization en-keyword=Anhydrous crystal kn-keyword=Anhydrous crystal en-keyword=Methanol kn-keyword=Methanol en-keyword=Vacuum foam drying kn-keyword=Vacuum foam drying END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=35 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=ME20114 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=2020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Requirement of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Chemotaxis for Virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a widely distributed non-proteinogenic amino acid that accumulates in plants under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Recent studies suggested that GABA also functions as an intracellular signaling molecule in plants and in signals mediating interactions between plants and phytopathogenic bacteria. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GABA responses to bacterial pathogens remain unknown. In the present study, a GABA receptor, named McpG, was conserved in the highly motile plant-pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pta6605). We generated a deletion mutant of McpG to further investigate its involvement in GABA chemotaxis using quantitative capillary and qualitative plate assays. The wild-type strain of Pta6605 was attracted to GABA, while the ΔmcpG mutant abolished chemotaxis to 10‍ ‍mM GABA. However, ΔmcpG retained chemotaxis to proteinogenic amino acids and succinic semialdehyde, a structural analog of GABA. Furthermore, ΔmcpG was unable to effectively induce disease on host tobacco plants in three plant inoculation assays: flood, dip, and infiltration inoculations. These results revealed that the GABA sensing of Pta6605 is important for the interaction of Pta6605 with its host tobacco plant. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TumewuStephany Angelia en-aut-sei=Tumewu en-aut-mei=Stephany Angelia kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuiHidenori en-aut-sei=Matsui en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoMikihiro en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Mikihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoutoshiYoshiteru en-aut-sei=Noutoshi en-aut-mei=Yoshiteru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyodaKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Toyoda en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchinoseYuki en-aut-sei=Ichinose en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword= bacterial virulence kn-keyword= bacterial virulence en-keyword=chemotaxis kn-keyword=chemotaxis en-keyword=GABA kn-keyword=GABA en-keyword=plant-microbe interaction kn-keyword=plant-microbe interaction en-keyword=Pseudomonas kn-keyword=Pseudomonas END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=1701 end-page=1707 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202011 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Crystal structures of four isomeric hydrogen-bonded co-crystals of 6-methyl­quinoline with 2-chloro-4-nitro­benzoic acid, 2-chloro-5-nitro­benzoic acid, 3-chloro-2-nitro­benzoic acid and 4-chloro-2-nitro­benzoic acid en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The structures of the four isomeric compounds of 6-methyl­quinoline with chloro- and nitro-substituted benzoic acids, C7H4ClNO4·C10H9N, namely, 2-chloro-4-nitro­benzoic acid–6-methyl­quinoline (1/1), (I), 2-chloro-5-nitro­benzoic acid–6-methyl­quinoline (1/1), (II), 3-chloro-2-nitro­benzoic acid–6-methyl­quinoline (1/1), (III), and 4-chloro-2-nitro­benzoic acid–6-methyl­quinoline (1/1), (IV), have been determined at 185–190 K. In each compound, the acid and base mol­ecules are linked by a short hydrogen bond between a carboxyl O atom and an N atom of the base. The O⋯N distances are 2.5452 (12), 2.6569 (13), 2.5640 (17) and 2.514 (2) Å, respectively, for compounds (I)–(IV). In the hydrogen-bonded acid–base units of (I), (III) and (IV), the H atoms are each disordered over two positions with O site:N site occupancies of 0.65 (3):0.35 (3), 0.59 (4):0.41 (4) and 0.48 (5):0.52 (5), respectively, for (I), (III) and (IV). The H atom in the hydrogen-bonded unit of (II) is located at the O-atom site. In all of the crystals of (I)–(IV), π–π inter­actions between the quinoline ring system and the benzene ring of the acid mol­ecule are observed. In addition, a π–π inter­action between the benzene rings of adjacent acid mol­ecules and a C—H⋯O hydrogen bond are observed in the crystal of (I), and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and O⋯Cl contacts occur in the crystals of (III) and (IV). These inter­molecular inter­actions connect the acid and base mol­ecules, forming a layer structure parallel to the bc plane in (I), a column along the a-axis direction in (II), a layer parallel to the ab plane in (III) and a three-dimensional network in (IV). Hirshfeld surfaces for the title compounds mapped over dnorm and shape index were generated to visualize the weak inter­molecular inter­actions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GotohKazuma en-aut-sei=Gotoh en-aut-mei=Kazuma kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshidaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Ishida en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=crystal structure kn-keyword=crystal structure en-keyword=2-chloro-4-nitro­benzoic acid kn-keyword=2-chloro-4-nitro­benzoic acid en-keyword=2-chloro-5-nitro­benzoic acid kn-keyword=2-chloro-5-nitro­benzoic acid en-keyword=3-chloro-2-nitro­benzoic acid kn-keyword=3-chloro-2-nitro­benzoic acid en-keyword=4-chloro-2-nitro­benzoic acid kn-keyword=4-chloro-2-nitro­benzoic acid en-keyword=6-methyl­quinoline kn-keyword=6-methyl­quinoline en-keyword=hydrogen bond kn-keyword=hydrogen bond en-keyword=disorder kn-keyword=disorder en-keyword=Hirshfeld surface kn-keyword=Hirshfeld surface END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2650 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=High Mobility Group Box-1 and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory responses are involved in the progression of brain injuries induced by a diverse range of insults, including ischemia, hemorrhage, trauma, epilepsy, and degenerative diseases. During the processes of inflammation, disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) may play a critical role in the enhancement of inflammatory responses and may initiate brain damage because the BBB constitutes an interface between the brain parenchyma and the bloodstream containing blood cells and plasma. The BBB has a distinct structure compared with those in peripheral tissues: it is composed of vascular endothelial cells with tight junctions, numerous pericytes surrounding endothelial cells, astrocytic endfeet, and a basement membrane structure. Under physiological conditions, the BBB should function as an important element in the neurovascular unit (NVU). High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone nuclear protein, is ubiquitously expressed in almost all kinds of cells. HMGB1 plays important roles in the maintenance of chromatin structure, the regulation of transcription activity, and DNA repair in nuclei. On the other hand, HMGB1 is considered to be a representative damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) because it is translocated and released extracellularly from different types of brain cells, including neurons and glia, contributing to the pathophysiology of many diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). The regulation of HMGB1 release or the neutralization of extracellular HMGB1 produces beneficial effects on brain injuries induced by ischemia, hemorrhage, trauma, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s amyloidpathy in animal models and is associated with improvement of the neurological symptoms. In the present review, we focus on the dynamics of HMGB1 translocation in different disease conditions in the CNS and discuss the functional roles of extracellular HMGB1 in BBB disruption and brain inflammation. There might be common as well as distinct inflammatory processes for each CNS disease. This review will provide novel insights toward an improved understanding of a common pathophysiological process of CNS diseases, namely, BBB disruption mediated by HMGB1. It is proposed that HMGB1 might be an excellent target for the treatment of CNS diseases with BBB disruption. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishiboriMasahiro en-aut-sei=Nishibori en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangDengli en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Dengli kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OusakaDaiki en-aut-sei=Ousaka en-aut-mei=Daiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakeHidenori en-aut-sei=Wake en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=high mobility group box-1 kn-keyword=high mobility group box-1 en-keyword=blood-brain barrier kn-keyword=blood-brain barrier en-keyword=inflammation kn-keyword=inflammation en-keyword=stroke kn-keyword=stroke en-keyword=trauma kn-keyword=trauma en-keyword=vascular endothelial cell kn-keyword=vascular endothelial cell en-keyword=pericyte kn-keyword=pericyte en-keyword=monoclonal antibody kn-keyword=monoclonal antibody END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2020 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=093H02 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Improved method for measuring low-concentration radium and its application to the Super-Kamiokande Gadolinium project en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Chemical extraction using a molecular recognition resin named "Empore Radium Rad Disk" was developed to improve sensitivity for the low concentration of radium (Ra). Compared with the previous method, the extraction process speed was improved by a factor of three and the recovery rate for Ra-226 was also improved from 81 +/- 4% to > 99.9%. The sensitivity on the 10(-1) mBq level was achieved using a high-purity germanium detector. This improved method was applied to determine Ra-226 in Gd-2(SO4)(3)center dot 8H(2)O which will be used in the Super-Kamiokande Gadolinium project. The improvement and measurement results are reported in this paper. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ItoS. en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchimuraK. en-aut-sei=Ichimura en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakakuY. en-aut-sei=Takaku en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeK. en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaradaM. en-aut-sei=Harada en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaM. en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoH. en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KishimotoY. en-aut-sei=Kishimoto en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakajimaY. en-aut-sei=Nakajima en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaT. en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=SekiyaH. en-aut-sei=Sekiya en-aut-mei=H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University, Faculty of Science kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Radioecology kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Okayama University, Faculty of Science kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=22 article-no= start-page=5155 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201116 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Geometrical Structure of Honeycomb TCP to Control Dental Pulp-Derived Cell Differentiation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, dental pulp has been attracting attention as a promising source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for various clinical applications of regeneration fields. To date, we have succeeded in establishing rat dental pulp-derived cells showing the characteristics of odontoblasts under in vitro conditions. We named them Tooth matrix-forming, GFP rat-derived Cells (TGC). However, though TGC form massive dentin-like hard tissues under in vivo conditions, this does not lead to the induction of polar odontoblasts. Focusing on the importance of the geometrical structure of an artificial biomaterial to induce cell differentiation and hard tissue formation, we previously have succeeded in developing a new biomaterial, honeycomb tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold with through-holes of various diameters. In this study, to induce polar odontoblasts, TGC were induced to form odontoblasts using honeycomb TCP that had various hole diameters (75, 300, and 500 mu m) as a scaffold. The results showed that honeycomb TCP with 300-mu m hole diameters (300TCP) differentiated TGC into polar odontoblasts that were DSP positive. Therefore, our study indicates that 300TCP is an appropriate artificial biomaterial for dentin regeneration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakabatakeKiyofumi en-aut-sei=Takabatake en-aut-mei=Kiyofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujigiwaHidetsugu en-aut-sei=Tsujigiwa en-aut-mei=Hidetsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanoKeisuke en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=InadaYasunori en-aut-sei=Inada en-aut-mei=Yasunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=QiushengShan en-aut-sei=Qiusheng en-aut-mei=Shan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaiHotaka en-aut-sei=Kawai en-aut-mei=Hotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SukegawaShintaro en-aut-sei=Sukegawa en-aut-mei=Shintaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=FushimiShigeko en-aut-sei=Fushimi en-aut-mei=Shigeko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagatsukaHitoshi en-aut-sei=Nagatsuka en-aut-mei=Hitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=dental pulp kn-keyword=dental pulp en-keyword=honeycomb TCP kn-keyword=honeycomb TCP en-keyword=matrix formation kn-keyword=matrix formation en-keyword=dentin formation kn-keyword=dentin formation en-keyword=geometrical structure kn-keyword=geometrical structure en-keyword=scaffold kn-keyword=scaffold END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=363 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=137257 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Sophisticated rGO synthesis and pre-lithiation unlocking full-cell lithium-ion battery high-rate performances en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=For the application to portable devices and storage of renewable energies, high-performance lithium-ion batteries are in great demand. To this end, the development of high-performance electrode materials has been actively investigated. However, even if new materials exhibit high performance in a simple evaluation, namely half-cell tests, it is often impossible to obtain satisfactory performance with an actual battery (full cell). In this study, the structure of graphene analogs is modified in various ways to change crystallinity, disorder, oxygen content, electrical conductivity, and specific surface area. These graphene analogs are evaluated as negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, and we found reduced graphene oxide prepared by combination of chemical reduction and thermal treatment was the optimum. In addition, a full cell is fabricated by combining it with LiCoO2 modified with BaTiO3, which is applicable to high-speed charge–discharge cathode material developed in our previous research. In general, pre-lithiation is performed for the anode when assembling full cells. In this study, we optimized a "direct pre-lithiation" method in which the electrode and lithium foil were in direct contact before assembling a full cell, and created a lithium-ion battery with an output of 293 Wh kg−1 at 8,658 W kg−1. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=CampéonBenoît Denis Louis en-aut-sei=Campéon en-aut-mei=Benoît Denis Louis kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshikawaYumi en-aut-sei=Yoshikawa en-aut-mei=Yumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TeranishiTakashi en-aut-sei=Teranishi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinaYuta en-aut-sei=Nishina en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Graphene kn-keyword=Graphene en-keyword=Lithium-ion battery kn-keyword=Lithium-ion battery en-keyword=Full-cell kn-keyword=Full-cell en-keyword=LiCoO2 kn-keyword=LiCoO2 en-keyword=High-rate kn-keyword=High-rate END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=3883 end-page=3895 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202011 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Reference Genome from the Symbiotic Hydrozoan, Hydra viridissima en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Various Hydra species have been employed as model organisms since the 18(th) century. Introduction of transgenic and knock-down technologies made them ideal experimental systems for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in regeneration, body-axis formation, senescence, symbiosis, and holobiosis. In order to provide an important reference for genetic studies, the Hydra magnipapillata genome (species name has been changed to H. vulgaris) was sequenced a decade ago (Chapman et al., 2010) and the updated genome assembly, Hydra 2.0, was made available by the National Human Genome Research Institute in 2017. While H. vulgaris belongs to the non-symbiotic brown hydra lineage, the green hydra, Hydra viridissima, harbors algal symbionts and belongs to an early diverging clade that separated from the common ancestor of brown and green hydra lineages at least 100 million years ago (Schwentner and Bosch 2015; Khalturin et al., 2019). While interspecific interactions between H. viridissima and endosymbiotic unicellular green algae of the genus Chlorella have been a subject of interest for decades, genomic information about green hydras was nonexistent. Here we report a draft 280-Mbp genome assembly for Hydra viridissima strain A99, with a scaffold N50 of 1.1 Mbp. The H. viridissima genome contains an estimated 21,476 protein-coding genes. Comparative analysis of Pfam domains and orthologous proteins highlights characteristic features of H. viridissima, such as diversification of innate immunity genes that are important for host-symbiont interactions. Thus, the H. viridissima assembly provides an important hydrozoan genome reference that will facilitate symbiosis research and better comparisons of metazoan genome architectures. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HamadaMayuko en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Mayuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatohNoriyuki en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Noriyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KhalturinKonstantin en-aut-sei=Khalturin en-aut-mei=Konstantin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University kn-affil= en-keyword=green hydra kn-keyword=green hydra en-keyword=Hydra viridissima A99 kn-keyword=Hydra viridissima A99 en-keyword=whole genome sequencing kn-keyword=whole genome sequencing en-keyword=de novo assembly kn-keyword=de novo assembly en-keyword=symbiosis kn-keyword=symbiosis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=95 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=119 end-page=131 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200601 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Ribosome rescue activity of an Arabidopsis thaliana ArfB homolog en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A homolog of the bacterial ribosome rescue factor ArfB was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. The factor, named AtArfB for Arabidopsis thaliana ArfB, showed ribosome rescue activity in both in vivo and in vitro assays based on the bacterial translation system. As has been shown for ArfB, the ribosome rescue activity of AtArfB was dependent on the GGQ motif, the crucial motif for the function of class I release factors and ArfB. The C-terminal region of AtArfB was also important for its function. The N-terminal region of AtArfB, which is absent in bacterial ArfB, functioned as a transit peptide for chloroplast targeting in tobacco cells. These results strongly suggest that AtArfB is a ribosome rescue factor that functions in chloroplasts. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NagaoMichiaki en-aut-sei=Nagao en-aut-mei=Michiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuchiyaFumina en-aut-sei=Tsuchiya en-aut-mei=Fumina kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MotohashiReiko en-aut-sei=Motohashi en-aut-mei=Reiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AboTatsuhiko en-aut-sei=Abo en-aut-mei=Tatsuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Arabidopsis thaliana kn-keyword=Arabidopsis thaliana en-keyword=ArfB kn-keyword=ArfB en-keyword=chloroplast kn-keyword=chloroplast en-keyword=ribosome rescue kn-keyword=ribosome rescue en-keyword=translation kn-keyword=translation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=132 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=74 end-page=82 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200803 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The development of reading and writing abilities among Japanese children : A 3-year follow-up study from preschool to the second grade kn-title=読み書き能力の発達― 就学前から小学2 年生までの追跡研究― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=　To elucidate the development of reading and writing abilities among Japanese children, we investigated the scores on 13 reading/writing tasks over a 3-year period among children from preschool age (5 to 6 years old) to the second grade of elementary school (7 to 8 years old). Most of 92 subjects (42 girl, 50 boys) completed all 13 tasks. Preschool-age children were given a hiragana naming task (HNT). The five tasks in the first grade were related to reading and writing hiragana, and the seven tasks in the second grade were related to reading and writing both hiragana and kanji. The preschoolers’ median score on the HNT was 38.0 points (max 40.0), and six children had extremely low scores (5-14 points). Twenty-three children (9 girls, 14 boys) had HNT scores below 32.0 points, and these children also tended to have poor scores on the reading/writing tasks in the first and second grade. The children’s HNT scores showed significantly positive correlations with their scores on the hiragana writing task and the kanji reading/writing tasks. The HNT scores also showed significantly negative correlations with the duration of reading in four reading tasks. These results suggest that evaluations of the HNT score in preschool-age children may be useful to predict the reading/writing abilities of school-age children. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HanafusaKaoru en-aut-sei=Hanafusa en-aut-mei=Kaoru kn-aut-name=花房香 kn-aut-sei=花房 kn-aut-mei=香 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科　発達神経病態学 en-keyword=発達 kn-keyword=発達 en-keyword=読み能力 kn-keyword=読み能力 en-keyword=書き能力 kn-keyword=書き能力 en-keyword=平仮名同定検査 kn-keyword=平仮名同定検査 en-keyword=漢字 kn-keyword=漢字 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=74 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=505 end-page=511 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202012 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=New Vascular-Access Intervention Assistance Plate Provides Good Operability and Safety by Preventing Accidental Falls: First Experience of 1,872 Cases en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vascular-access interventions are necessary for the continuation of hemodialysis, and they are performed under X-ray guidance. During interventions, patients’ accidental falls from the bed are a serious problem, and spe-cialized fixation systems for hemodialysis patients to prevent their falls from the bed have been lacking. We developed a new fixation plate made of polypropylene homopolymer and tested its ability to prevent such falls retrospectively. This plate, which we named the ‘vascular-access intervention assistance plate,’ offers functional features such as the concurrent fixation of the body and either arm and an arm space with serrations for fixing a forearm strap. We performed computer simulations to examine the strength of the plate, and we evaluated the efficacy of fall prevention by reviewing patients’ medical records. The results demonstrated that the functional design of the plate provides good operability via accurate concurrent fixations of the body and arm. The com-puter simulation analysis results indicated the plate’s sufficient strength. The medical records analysis revealed three accidental falls before the plate’s introduction (401 patients, 1,437 interventions), and none after plate introduction (683 patients, 1,872 interventions). Accidental falls were significantly prevented by use of the plate (p < 0.05). The dementia rate and type of procedure were not significantly different between the patients who fell and those who did not. This vascular-access intervention assisted plate provides good operability and safety by preventing accidental falls among hemodialysis patients. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OharaToshiaki en-aut-sei=Ohara en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakuramaKazufumi en-aut-sei=Sakurama en-aut-mei=Kazufumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramatsuSatoshi en-aut-sei=Hiramatsu en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Dialysis Access Center, Shigei Medical Research Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=hemodialysis kn-keyword=hemodialysis en-keyword=fall accident kn-keyword=fall accident en-keyword=incident kn-keyword=incident en-keyword=vascular access kn-keyword=vascular access END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=39 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=107 end-page=113 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Arousal from death feigning by vibrational stimuli: comparison of Tribolium species en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Death feigning (or tonic immobility) is an effective antipredator strategy. However, prolonged immobility on the ground increases the risk of being parasitized or eaten by predators, and thus, insects must rouse themselves when appropriate stimulation is provided. Very few studies on the effect of stimulus intensity on arousal from death feigning have been conducted. A previous study using Tribolium castaneum showed an existing threshold for the intensity of the stimulus that causes arousal from death feigning. Whether there are differences between species in the threshold for arousal is an interesting question. In the present study, we, therefore, compared the effect of stimulus strength on arousal from death feigning in two closely related species, namely, T. confusum and T. freemani, which are established strains that have been artificially selected for longer duration of death feigning. Also, part of the study was to determine whether there was a positive association between intensity of stimulus needed to rouse and the duration of death feigning. We discuss why there is a difference in the strength of the stimulus needed for arousal from death feigning among Tribolium species, for which we included the data for T. castaneum from a previous study. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshiharaRyo en-aut-sei=Ishihara en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumuraKentarou en-aut-sei=Matsumura en-aut-mei=Kentarou kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=JonesJordan Elouise en-aut-sei=Jones en-aut-mei=Jordan Elouise kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YuhaoJi en-aut-sei=Yuhao en-aut-mei=Ji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujisawaRyusuke en-aut-sei=Fujisawa en-aut-mei=Ryusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagayaNaohisa en-aut-sei=Nagaya en-aut-mei=Naohisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyatakeTakahisa en-aut-sei=Miyatake en-aut-mei=Takahisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Beetle kn-keyword=Beetle en-keyword=Death feigning kn-keyword=Death feigning en-keyword=Selection experiment kn-keyword=Selection experiment en-keyword=Species comparison kn-keyword=Species comparison en-keyword=Thanatosis kn-keyword=Thanatosis en-keyword=Tonic immobility kn-keyword=Tonic immobility en-keyword=Tribolium kn-keyword=Tribolium END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=E103.D cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1865 end-page=1874 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200801 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An Algorithm for Automatic Collation of Vocabulary Decks Based on Word Frequency en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study focuses on computer based foreign language vocabulary learning systems. Our objective is to automatically build vocabulary decks with desired levels of relative difficulty relations. To realize this goal, we exploit the fact that word frequency is a good indicator of vocabulary difficulty. Subsequently, for composing the decks, we pose two requirements as uniformity and diversity. Namely, the difficulty level of the cards in the same deck needs to be uniform enough so that they can be grouped together and difficulty levels of the cards in different decks need to be diverse enough so that they can be grouped in different decks. To assess uniformity and diversity, we use rank-biserial correlation and propose an iterative algorithm, which helps in attaining desired levels of uniformity and diversity based on word frequency in daily use of language. In experiments, we employed a spaced repetition flashcard software and presented users various decks built with the proposed algorithm, which contain cards from different content types. From users' activity logs, we derived several behavioral variables and examined the polyserial correlation between these variables and difficulty levels across different word classes. This analysis confirmed that the decks compiled with the proposed algorithm induce an effect on behavioral variables in line with the expectations. In addition, a series of experiments with decks involving varying content types confirmed that this relation is independent of word class. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YücelZeynep en-aut-sei=Yücel en-aut-mei=Zeynep kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SupitayakulParisa en-aut-sei=Supitayakul en-aut-mei=Parisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MondenAkito en-aut-sei=Monden en-aut-mei=Akito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=LeelaprutePattara en-aut-sei=Leelaprute en-aut-mei=Pattara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University kn-affil= en-keyword=e-learning kn-keyword=e-learning en-keyword=vocabulary learning kn-keyword=vocabulary learning en-keyword=log file analysis kn-keyword=log file analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=e00450-20 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200526 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Hadaka Virus 1: a Capsidless Eleven-Segmented Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Virus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Fusarium oxysporum en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The search for viruses infecting fungi, or mycoviruses, has extended our knowledge about the diversity of RNA viruses, as exemplified by the discovery of polymycoviruses, a phylogenetic group of multisegmented RNA viruses with unusual forms. The genomic RNAs of known polymycoviruses, which show a phylogenetic affinity for animal positive-sense single-stranded RNA [(+)RNA] viruses such as caliciviruses, are comprised of four conserved segments with an additional zero to four segments. The double-stranded form of polymycovirus genomic RNA is assumed to be associated with a virally encoded protein (proline-alanine-serine-rich protein [PASrp]) in either of two manners: a capsidless colloidal form or a filamentous encapsidated form. Detailed molecular characterizations of polymycoviruses, however, have been conducted for only a few strains. Here, a novel polymyco-related virus named Hadaka virus 1 (HadV1), from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, was characterized. The genomic RNA of HadV1 consisted of an 11-segmented positive-sense RNA with highly conserved terminal nucleotide sequences. HadV1 shared the three conserved segments with known polymycoviruses but lacked the PASrp-encoding segment. Unlike the known polymycoviruses and encapsidated viruses, HadV1 was not pelleted by conventional ultracentrifugation, possibly due to the lack of PASrp. This result implied that HadV1 exists only as a soluble form with naked RNA. Nevertheless, the 11 genomic segments of HadV1 have been stably maintained through host subculturing and conidiation. Taken together, the results of this study revealed a virus with a potential novel virus lifestyle, carrying many genomic segments without typical capsids or PASrp-associated forms. IMPORTANCE Fungi collectively host various RNA viruses. Examples include encapsidated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses with diverse numbers of genomic segments (from 1 to 12) and capsidless viruses with nonsegmented (+)RNA genomes. Recently, viruses with unusual intermediate features of an infectious entity between encapsidated dsRNA viruses and capsidless (+)RNA viruses were found. They are called polymycoviruses, which typically have four to eight dsRNA genomic segments associated with one of the virus-encoded proteins and are phylogenetically distantly related to animal (+)RNA caliciviruses. Here, we identified a novel virus phylogenetically related to polymycoviruses, from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The virus, termed Hadaka virus 1 (HadV1), has 11 (+)RNA genomic segments, the largest number in known (+)RNA viruses. Nevertheless, HadV1 lacked a typical structural protein of polymycoviruses and was not pelleted by standard ultracentrifugation, implying an unusual capsidless nature of HadV1. This study reveals a potential novel lifestyle of multisegmented RNA viruses. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoYukiyo en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yukiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShamsiWajeeha en-aut-sei=Shamsi en-aut-mei=Wajeeha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=JamalAtif en-aut-sei=Jamal en-aut-mei=Atif kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BhattiMuhammad Faraz en-aut-sei=Bhatti en-aut-mei=Muhammad Faraz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoHideki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=fungal virus kn-keyword=fungal virus en-keyword=polymycovirus kn-keyword=polymycovirus en-keyword=Fusarium oxysporum kn-keyword=Fusarium oxysporum en-keyword=multisegmented kn-keyword=multisegmented en-keyword=RNA virus kn-keyword=RNA virus en-keyword=capsidless kn-keyword=capsidless en-keyword=neo-virus lifestyle kn-keyword=neo-virus lifestyle END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1288 end-page=1291 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202008 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Low Viability of Cholera Toxin-Producing Vibrio cholerae O1 in the Artificial Low Ionic Strength Aquatic Solution en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It has been well known that Vibrio cholerae inhabit in environmental water. As many patients infected with cholera toxin-producing V. cholerae O1 (toxigenic V. cholerae O1) emerge in Kolkata, India, it has been thought that toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is easily detected in environmental water in Kolkata. However, we could not isolate toxigenic V. cholerae O1 from environmental water in Kolkata, though NAG Vibrio (generic name of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139) is constantly detected. To clear the reason for the non-isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae O1, we examined the viability of V. cholera O1 and NAG Vibrios in the artificial low ionic strength aquatic solution. We found that the viability of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the solution is low, but that of NAG Vibrios is high. Subsequently, we examined the viability of NAG Vibrios possessing cholera toxin gene (ctx) in the same condition and found that the viability of these NAG Vibrios is low. These results indicate that the existence of ctx in V. cholerae affects the viability of V. cholerae in the aquatic solution used in this experiment. We thought that there was closely relation between the low viability of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the artificial low ionic strength aquatic solution and the low frequency of isolation of the strain from environmental water. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=PaulSubha Sankar en-aut-sei=Paul en-aut-mei=Subha Sankar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Eizo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam en-aut-sei=Chowdhury en-aut-mei=Goutam kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Tamaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K. en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay en-aut-mei=Asish K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=DuttaShanta en-aut-sei=Dutta en-aut-mei=Shanta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India kn-affil= en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae en-keyword=cholera toxin kn-keyword=cholera toxin en-keyword=aquatic solution kn-keyword=aquatic solution en-keyword=viability kn-keyword=viability END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1202 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200722 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Based on Cyclic Difference Set en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the increasing reliance on technology, it has become crucial to secure every aspect of online information where pseudo random binary sequences (PRBS) can play an important role in today's world of Internet. PRBS work in the fundamental mathematics behind the security of different protocols and cryptographic applications. This paper proposes a new PRBS namely MK (Mamun, Kumu) sequence for security applications. Proposed sequence is generated by primitive polynomial, cyclic difference set in elements of the field and binarized by quadratic residue (QR) and quadratic nonresidue (QNR). Introduction of cyclic difference set makes a special contribution to randomness of proposed sequence while QR/QNR-based binarization ensures uniformity of zeros and ones in sequence. Besides, proposed sequence has maximum cycle length and high linear complexity which are required properties for sequences to be used in security applications. Several experiments are conducted to verify randomness and results are presented in support of robustness of the proposed MK sequence. The randomness of proposed sequence is evaluated by popular statistical test suite, i.e., NIST STS 800-22 package. The test results confirmed that the proposed sequence is not affected by approximations of any kind and successfully passed all statistical tests defined in NIST STS 800-22 suite. Finally, the efficiency of proposed MK sequence is verified by comparing with some popular sequences in terms of uniformity in bit pattern distribution and linear complexity for sequences of different length. The experimental results validate that the proposed sequence has superior cryptographic properties than existing ones. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Al MamunMd. Selim en-aut-sei=Al Mamun en-aut-mei=Md. Selim kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkhterFatema en-aut-sei=Akhter en-aut-mei=Fatema kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=finite field kn-keyword=finite field en-keyword=primitive polynomial kn-keyword=primitive polynomial en-keyword=quadratic residue kn-keyword=quadratic residue en-keyword=pseudo random binary sequence kn-keyword=pseudo random binary sequence en-keyword=NIST statistical test suite kn-keyword=NIST statistical test suite END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=12581 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200728 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Patient-derived ovarian cancer organoids capture the genomic profiles of primary tumours applicable for drug sensitivity and resistance testing en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The use of primary patient-derived organoids for drug sensitivity and resistance testing could play an important role in precision cancer medicine. We developed expandable ovarian cancer organoids in<3 weeks; these organoids captured the characteristics of histological cancer subtypes and replicated the mutational landscape of the primary tumours. Seven pairs of organoids (3 high-grade serous, 1 clear cell, 3 endometrioid) and original tumours shared 59.5% (36.1-73.1%) of the variants identified. Copy number variations were also similar among organoids and primary tumours. The organoid that harboured the BRCA1 pathogenic variant (p.L63*) showed a higher sensitivity to PARP inhibitor, olaparib, as well as to platinum drugs compared to the other organoids, whereas an organoid derived from clear cell ovarian cancer was resistant to conventional drugs for ovarian cancer, namely platinum drugs, paclitaxel, and olaparib. The overall success rate of primary organoid culture, including those of various histological subtypes, was 80% (28/35). Our data show that patient-derived organoids are suitable physiological ex vivo cancer models that can be used to screen effective personalised ovarian cancer drugs. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NankiYoshiko en-aut-sei=Nanki en-aut-mei=Yoshiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ChiyodaTatsuyuki en-aut-sei=Chiyoda en-aut-mei=Tatsuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirasawaAkira en-aut-sei=Hirasawa en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OokuboAki en-aut-sei=Ookubo en-aut-mei=Aki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItohManabu en-aut-sei=Itoh en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UenoMasaru en-aut-sei=Ueno en-aut-mei=Masaru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkahaneTomoko en-aut-sei=Akahane en-aut-mei=Tomoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KameyamaKaori en-aut-sei=Kameyama en-aut-mei=Kaori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamagamiWataru en-aut-sei=Yamagami en-aut-mei=Wataru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KataokaFumio en-aut-sei=Kataoka en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=AokiDaisuke en-aut-sei=Aoki en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=JSR‑Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corp. kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=JSR‑Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corp. kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=JSR‑Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corp. kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=JSR‑Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), Keio University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1792 end-page=1800 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Decrosslinking enables visualization of RNA-guided endonuclease-in situ labeling signals for DNA sequences in plant tissues en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Information about the positioning of individual loci in the nucleus and the status of epigenetic modifications at these loci in each cell contained in plant tissue increases our understanding of how cells in a tissue coordinate gene expression. To obtain such information, a less damaging method of visualizing DNA in tissue that can be used with immunohistochemistry is required. Recently, a less damaging DNA visualization method using the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated caspase 9) system, named RNA-guided endonuclease-in situ labeling (RGEN-ISL), was reported. This system made it possible to visualize a target DNA locus in a nucleus fixed on a glass slide with a set of simple operations, but it could not be applied to cells in plant tissues. In this work, we have developed a modified RGEN-ISL method with decrosslinking that made it possible to simultaneously detect the DNA loci and immunohistochemistry signals, including histone modification, in various types of plant tissues and species. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NagakiK. en-aut-sei=Nagaki en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamajiN. en-aut-sei=Yamaji en-aut-mei=N. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Centromere kn-keyword=Centromere en-keyword=CRISPR/Cas9 kn-keyword=CRISPR/Cas9 en-keyword=epigenetic modifications kn-keyword=epigenetic modifications en-keyword=immunohistochemistry kn-keyword=immunohistochemistry en-keyword=in situ DNA visualization kn-keyword=in situ DNA visualization en-keyword=RNA-guided endonuclease-in situ labeling (RGEN-ISL) kn-keyword=RNA-guided endonuclease-in situ labeling (RGEN-ISL) en-keyword=telomere kn-keyword=telomere END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=2842 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200613 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Timing for Diagnosis of Anisometropia in Japanese Children with Congenital Eyelid Ptosis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: The difference in refractive errors between both eyes, namely, anisometropia, is a known complication in congenital blepharoptosis. This study searched the timing of diagnosis of anisometropia in children with congenital blepharoptosis.
Methods: Retrospective review was made on medical records of 20 consecutive patients with congenital blepharoptosis at Okayama University Hospital from 2004 to 2018.
Results: T he age at the initial visit ranged from 1 month to 5 years 1 month (median, 5.5 months), and the follow-up period from 1 year 8 months to 13 years 5 months (median, 5 years 5 months). Blepharoptosis was on the right side in 6 patients, on the left side in 10, and on both sides in 4. Four patients underwent levator muscle plication at the age ranging from 3 months to 6 years 2 months: One patient on the right side, 2 on the left side, and one on both sides. Nine patients were found to have anisometropia, defined as hyperopic difference of 2 or more diopters between both eyes, or astigmatic difference of 2 or more diopters between both eyes, and astigmatism of 3 or more diopters in both eyes (ametropia), at the age ranging from 1 year 3 months to 3 years 6 months (median, 3 years). Four of the 9 patients with anisometropia showed unilateral amblyopia as the best-corrected visual acuity in decimals ranging from 0.2 to 0.5. The remaining 11 patients without anisometropia had normal levels of visual acuity in both eyes. Anisometropia was found in 3 of 4 patients with surgery and 6 of 16 patients with no surgery (no significant difference at chi-square test).
Conclusion: About a half of children with congenital blepharoptosis was found to have anisometropia at the age of 1 to 3 years. Care must be taken on refraction and glasses prescription at these ages. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= en-keyword=Congenital blepharoptosis kn-keyword=Congenital blepharoptosis en-keyword=Anisometropia kn-keyword=Anisometropia en-keyword=Levater muscle placation kn-keyword=Levater muscle placation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=1683 end-page=1696 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190502 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Honeydew-associated microbes elicit defense responses against brown planthopper in rice en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Feeding of sucking insects, such as the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens; BPH), causes only limited mechanical damage on plants that is otherwise essential for injury-triggered defense responses against herbivores. In pursuit of complementary BPH elicitors perceived by plants, we examined the potential effects of BPH honeydew secretions on the BPH monocot host, rice (Oryza sativa). We found that BPH honeydew strongly elicits direct and putative indirect defenses in rice, namely accumulation of phytoalexins in the leaves, and release of volatile organic compounds from the leaves that serve to attract natural enemies of herbivores, respectively. We then examined the elicitor active components in the honeydew and found that bacteria in the secretions are responsible for the activation of plant defense. Corroborating the importance of honeydew-associated microbiota for induced plant resistance, BPHs partially devoid of their microbiota via prolonged antibiotics ingestion induced significantly less defense in rice relative to antibiotic-free insects applied to similar groups of plants. Our data suggest that rice plants may additionally perceive herbivores via their honeydew-associated microbes, allowing them to discriminate between incompatible herbivores—that do not produce honeydew—and those that are compatible and therefore dangerous. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WariDavid en-aut-sei=Wari en-aut-mei=David kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KabirMd Alamgir en-aut-sei=Kabir en-aut-mei=Md Alamgir kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MujionoKadis en-aut-sei=Mujiono en-aut-mei=Kadis kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HojoYuko en-aut-sei=Hojo en-aut-mei=Yuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinyaTomonori en-aut-sei=Shinya en-aut-mei=Tomonori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniAkio en-aut-sei=Tani en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakataniHiroko en-aut-sei=Nakatani en-aut-mei=Hiroko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=GalisIvan en-aut-sei=Galis en-aut-mei=Ivan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Honeydew-associated microorganisms kn-keyword=Honeydew-associated microorganisms en-keyword=phytoalexins kn-keyword=phytoalexins en-keyword=plant defense kn-keyword=plant defense en-keyword=rice (Oryza sativa) kn-keyword=rice (Oryza sativa) en-keyword=rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) kn-keyword=rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) en-keyword=sucking insect kn-keyword=sucking insect END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=e0223656 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191017 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of social relation within pedestrian dyads en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study focuses on social pedestrian groups in public spaces and makes an effort to identify the type of social relation between the group members. As a first step for this identification problem, we focus on dyads (i.e. 2 people groups). Moreover, as a mutually exclusive categorization of social relations, we consider the domain-based approach of Bugental, which precisely corresponds to social relations of colleagues, couples, friends and families, and identify each dyad with one of those relations. For this purpose, we use anonymized trajectory data and derive a set of observables thereof, namely, inter-personal distance, group velocity, velocity difference and height difference. Subsequently, we use the probability density functions (pdf) of these observables as a tool to understand the nature of the relation between pedestrians. To that end, we propose different ways of using the pdfs. Namely, we introduce a probabilistic Bayesian approach and contrast it to a functional metric one and evaluate the performance of both methods with appropriate assessment measures. This study stands out as the first attempt to automatically recognize social relation between pedestrian groups. Additionally, in doing that it uses completely anonymous data and proves that social relation is still possible to recognize with a good accuracy without invading privacy. In particular, our findings indicate that significant recognition rates can be attained for certain categories and with certain methods. Specifically, we show that a very good recognition rate is achieved in distinguishing colleagues from leisure-oriented dyads (families, couples and friends), whereas the distinction between the leisure-oriented dyads results to be inherently harder, but still possible at reasonable rates, in particular if families are restricted to parent-child groups. In general, we establish that the Bayesian method outperforms the functional metric one due, probably, to the difficulty of the latter to learn observable pdfs from individual trajectories. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YucelZeynep en-aut-sei=Yucel en-aut-mei=Zeynep kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZanlungoFrancesco en-aut-sei=Zanlungo en-aut-mei=Francesco kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FelicianiClaudio en-aut-sei=Feliciani en-aut-mei=Claudio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GregorjAdrien en-aut-sei=Gregorj en-aut-mei=Adrien kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KandaTakayuki en-aut-sei=Kanda en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Computer Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Intelligent Robotics and Communication Laboratory, ATR kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology,The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Computer Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Intelligent Robotics and Communication Laboratory, ATR kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=115 end-page=135 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191003 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A proposal of Android Programming Learning Assistant System with implementation of basic application learning en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose
With rapid increase of Android devices and application systems, there is a strong demand for Android application programmers. A lot of schools are offering Android programming courses to meet this demand. However, Android programming can be different from the conventional one because it needs interactive functions through interfaces with users, which makes the study more difficult. This paper aims to propose an Android Programming Learning Assistance System, namely, APLAS, to assist the Java-based Android programming study and education.
Design/methodology/approach
By adopting the test-driven development method, APLAS is designed to achieve independent learning without the presence of teachers. Using JUnit and Robolectric, the answers from the students are automatically marked in APLAS. To cover extensive materials in Android programming, APLAS offers four stages where each stage involves several topics.
Findings
To evaluate the effectiveness of APLAS, we implemented the Unit Converter assignment that covers the first two topics, namely, Basic user interface in the first stage and basic activity in the second stage. Through solving the assignment, it is expected to learn basic application development. Forty novice students of an IT department in Indonesia were asked to solve both topics separately.
Originality/value
The results show that APLAS is useful and helpful for the self-study of Android programming, as they could complete codes with good execution performances. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SyaifudinYan Watequlis en-aut-sei=Syaifudin en-aut-mei=Yan Watequlis kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunabikiNobuo en-aut-sei=Funabiki en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuribayashiMinoru en-aut-sei=Kuribayashi en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KaoWen-Chung en-aut-sei=Kao en-aut-mei=Wen-Chung kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=National Taiwan Normal University kn-affil= en-keyword=Android application kn-keyword=Android application en-keyword=APLAS kn-keyword=APLAS en-keyword=JUnit kn-keyword=JUnit en-keyword=Learning system kn-keyword=Learning system en-keyword= Learning system kn-keyword= Learning system en-keyword=Test-driven development method kn-keyword=Test-driven development method en-keyword=Index terms APLAS kn-keyword=Index terms APLAS en-keyword=Java kn-keyword=Java END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=470 end-page=480 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191113 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Regulation of the Poly(A) Status of Mitochondrial mRNA by Poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease Is Conserved among Land Plants en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Regulation of the stability and the quality of mitochondrial RNA is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial and cellular functions in eukaryotes. We have previously reported that the eukaryotic poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) and the prokaryotic poly(A) polymerase encoded by AHG2 and AGS1, respectively, coordinately regulate the poly(A) status and the stability of mitochondrial mRNA in Arabidopsis. Mitochondrial function of PARN has not been reported in any other eukaryotes. To know how much this PARN-based mitochondrial mRNA regulation is conserved among plants, we studied the AHG2 and AGS1 counterparts of the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, a member of basal land plant lineage. We found that M. polymorpha has one ortholog each for AHG2 and AGS1, named MpAHG2 and MpAGS1, respectively. Their Citrine-fused proteins were detected in mitochondria of the liverwort. Molecular genetic analysis showed that MpAHG2 is essential and functionally interacts with MpAGS1 as observed in Arabidopsis. A recombinant MpAHG2 protein had a deadenylase activity in vitro. Overexpression of MpAGS1 and the reduced expression of MpAHG2 caused an accumulation of polyadenylated Mpcox1 mRNA. Furthermore, MpAHG2 suppressed Arabidopsis ahg2-1 mutant phenotype. These results suggest that the PARN-based mitochondrial mRNA regulatory system is conserved in land plants. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanazawaMai en-aut-sei=Kanazawa en-aut-mei=Mai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaYoko en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Yoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishihamaRyuichi en-aut-sei=Nishihama en-aut-mei=Ryuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaokaShohei en-aut-sei=Yamaoka en-aut-mei=Shohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=LeeNam-Hee en-aut-sei=Lee en-aut-mei=Nam-Hee kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamatoKatsuyuki T en-aut-sei=Yamato en-aut-mei=Katsuyuki T kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KohchiTakayuk en-aut-sei=Kohchi en-aut-mei=Takayuk kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirayamaTakashi en-aut-sei=Hirayama en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Science for Bioresources, Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Science for Bioresources, Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Biotechnological Science, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Science for Bioresources, Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Arabidopsis kn-keyword=Arabidopsis en-keyword=Marchantia polymorpha kn-keyword=Marchantia polymorpha en-keyword=Mitochondria kn-keyword=Mitochondria en-keyword= Poly(A) polymerase kn-keyword= Poly(A) polymerase en-keyword=Poly(A) regulation kn-keyword=Poly(A) regulation en-keyword= Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease kn-keyword= Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=74 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=103 end-page=108 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202004 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of Switching from Treatment with Amlodipine and Atorvastatin Using Two Pills to an Equal Dose of Single-Pill Therapy in Japanese Outpatients en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= This study examined whether switching from amlodipine and atorvastatin treatment using two pills to an equal dose of single-pill therapy is useful in Japanese outpatients. We retrospectively reviewed data obtained from 94 outpatients for whom treatment with two pills, namely amlodipine and atorvastatin, was switched to an equal dose of single-pill therapy in 11 hospitals. The criterion for enrollment in this study was that patients had switched their medication without changing other anti-hypertensive or anti-cholesterol drugs. Neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure changed significantly after switching to an equal dose of single-pill therapy, whereas low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels significantly decreased after the medication was switched from 94±24 mg/dl to 89±17 mg/dl (p=0.015). A switch from medication with two separate pills of amlodipine and atorvastatin to an equal dose of single-pill therapy resulted in an overall decrease in LDL cholesterol. The results indicated that the switch to single-pill therapy might be a useful treatment. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawadaYasumasa en-aut-sei=Kawada en-aut-mei=Yasumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuboToru en-aut-sei=Kubo en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=BabaYuichi en-aut-sei=Baba en-aut-mei=Yuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirotaTakayoshi en-aut-sei=Hirota en-aut-mei=Takayoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniokaKatsutoshi en-aut-sei=Tanioka en-aut-mei=Katsutoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiNaohito en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Naohito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitaokaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Kitaoka en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University kn-affil= en-keyword=hypertension kn-keyword=hypertension en-keyword=dyslipidemia kn-keyword=dyslipidemia en-keyword=single-pill therapy kn-keyword=single-pill therapy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=84 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=487 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200225 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=New Appearance of Fragmented QRS as a Predictor of Ventricular Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background: Multiple spikes in the QRS complex (fragmented QRS [fQRS]) on 12-lead electrocardiography have been associated with ventricular arrhythmic events (VAEs) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The aim of this study was to assess the association between new appearances of fQRS and cardiac events in patients with HCM.Methods and Results:The association between baseline fQRS and cardiac events, namely VAEs, heart failure-related hospitalization, and all-cause death, was evaluated retrospectively in 146 HCM patients (46 patients with fQRS, 100 without fQRS). The median follow-up was 5.3 years. Cardiac events occurred in 29 patients with baseline fQRS and 32 patients without baseline fQRS (63% vs. 32%; P<0.001). VAEs occurred in a significantly larger percentage of patients with than without baseline fQRS (54% vs. 23%, respectively; P<0.001). Of the 100 patients without baseline fQRS, 33 had a new appearance of fQRS during the 4.6-year follow-up, whereas 67 did not. VAEs occurred more frequently in the 33 patients with the appearance of fQRS than in those without (42% vs. 13%, respectively; P=0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that the new appearance of fQRS documented before VAEs was associated with VAEs (hazard ratio 4.29, 95% confidence interval 1.81-10.2; P=0.001).
Conclusions: The new appearance of fQRS was associated with an increased risk of VAEs in HCM patients. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OguraSoichiro en-aut-sei=Ogura en-aut-mei=Soichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraKazufumi en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Kazufumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Morita en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TohNorihisa en-aut-sei=Toh en-aut-mei=Norihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagawaKoji en-aut-sei=Nakagawa en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaMasashi en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Masashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeAtsuyuki en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Atsuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiiNobuhiro en-aut-sei=Nishii en-aut-mei=Nobuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiToru en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Electrocardiography kn-keyword=Electrocardiography en-keyword=Fragmented QRS kn-keyword=Fragmented QRS en-keyword=Hospitalization kn-keyword=Hospitalization en-keyword=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy kn-keyword=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy en-keyword=Ventricular arrhythmia. kn-keyword=Ventricular arrhythmia. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=399 end-page=409 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190803 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Development of molecular markers associated with resistance to Meloidogyne incognita by performing quantitative trait locus analysis and genome-wide association study in sweetpotato en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is a pest that decreases yield and the quality of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. There is a demand to produce resistant cultivars and develop DNA markers to select this trait. However, sweetpotato is hexaploid, highly heterozygous, and has an enormous genome (similar to 3 Gb), which makes genetic linkage analysis difficult. In this study, a high-density linkage map was constructed based on retrotransposon insertion polymorphism, simple sequence repeat, and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The markers were developed using F-1 progeny between J-Red, which exhibits resistance to multiple races of M. incognita, and Choshu, which is susceptible to multiple races of such pest. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and a genome-wide association study detected highly effective QTLs for resistance against three races, namely, SP1, SP4, and SP6-1, in the Ib01-6 J-Red linkage group. A polymerase chain reaction marker that can identify genotypes based on single nucleotide polymorphisms located in this QTL region can discriminate resistance from susceptibility in the F-1 progeny at a rate of 70%. Thus, this marker could be helpful in selecting sweetpotato cultivars that are resistant to multiple races of M. incognita. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SasaiRumi en-aut-sei=Sasai en-aut-mei=Rumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TabuchiHiroaki en-aut-sei=Tabuchi en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirasawaKenta en-aut-sei=Shirasawa en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KishimotoKazuki en-aut-sei=Kishimoto en-aut-mei=Kazuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoShusei en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Shusei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuramotoAkihide en-aut-sei=Kuramoto en-aut-mei=Akihide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiAkira en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsobeSachiko en-aut-sei=Isobe en-aut-mei=Sachiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaharaMakoto en-aut-sei=Tahara en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MondenYuki en-aut-sei=Monden en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Kyusyu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Kazusa DNA Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Kyusyu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Kyusyu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Kazusa DNA Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=sweetpotato kn-keyword=sweetpotato en-keyword=GWAS kn-keyword=GWAS en-keyword=QTL mapping kn-keyword=QTL mapping en-keyword=polyploids kn-keyword=polyploids en-keyword=marker-assisted breeding kn-keyword=marker-assisted breeding END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=18 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=415 end-page=428 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190713 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of endogenous small peptides involved in rice immunity through transcriptomics- and proteomics-based screening en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Small signalling peptides, generated from larger protein precursors, are important components to orchestrate various plant processes such as development and immune responses. However, small signalling peptides involved in plant immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a pipeline using transcriptomics- and proteomics-based screening to identify putative precursors of small signalling peptides: small secreted proteins (SSPs) in rice, induced by rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and its elicitor, chitin. We identified 236 SSPs including members of two known small signalling peptide families, namely rapid alkalinization factors and phytosulfokines, as well as many other protein families that are known to be involved in immunity, such as proteinase inhibitors and pathogenesis-related protein families. We also isolated 52 unannotated SSPs and among them, we found one gene which we named immune response peptide (IRP) that appeared to encode the precursor of a small signalling peptide regulating rice immunity. In rice suspension cells, the expression of IRP was induced by bacterial peptidoglycan and fungal chitin. Overexpression of IRP enhanced the expression of a defence gene, PAL1 and induced the activation of the MAPKs in rice suspension cells. Moreover, the IRP protein level increased in suspension cell medium after chitin treatment. Collectively, we established a simple and efficient pipeline to discover SSP candidates that probably play important roles in rice immunity and identified 52 unannotated SSPs that may be useful for further elucidation of rice immunity. Our method can be applied to identify SSPs that are involved not only in immunity but also in other plant functions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WangPingyu en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Pingyu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YaoShaolun en-aut-sei=Yao en-aut-mei=Shaolun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KosamiKen-ichi en-aut-sei=Kosami en-aut-mei=Ken-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GuoTing en-aut-sei=Guo en-aut-mei=Ting kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiJing en-aut-sei=Li en-aut-mei=Jing kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhangYuanyuan en-aut-sei=Zhang en-aut-mei=Yuanyuan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukaoYoichiro en-aut-sei=Fukao en-aut-mei=Yoichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=Kaneko-KawanoTakako en-aut-sei=Kaneko-Kawano en-aut-mei=Takako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ZhangHeng en-aut-sei=Zhang en-aut-mei=Heng kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SheYi-Min en-aut-sei=She en-aut-mei=Yi-Min kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangPengcheng en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Pengcheng kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=XingWeiman en-aut-sei=Xing en-aut-mei=Weiman kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=HanadaKousuke en-aut-sei=Hanada en-aut-mei=Kousuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiuRenyi en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Renyi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawanoYoji en-aut-sei=Kawano en-aut-mei=Yoji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Bioinformatics, Ritsumeikan University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Biomolecular Structure and Design, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=immunity kn-keyword=immunity en-keyword=Magnaporthe oryzae kn-keyword=Magnaporthe oryzae en-keyword=proteomics kn-keyword=proteomics en-keyword=transcriptomics kn-keyword=transcriptomics en-keyword=rice kn-keyword=rice en-keyword=signalling peptide kn-keyword=signalling peptide en-keyword=small secreted protein kn-keyword=small secreted protein END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=74 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=83 end-page=87 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202002 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Novel Eryngii Method of Nipple Reduction for Female-to-Male Transsexuals en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Nosaka, NobuyukiMastectomy is usually the first and most important surgical procedure in female-to-male (FTM) individuals with gender identity disorder. Nipple reduction is also important in the process of reconstructing the chest wall for a more male appearance. If the nipples remain large after a mastectomy, the results may be disappointing to many FTM transsexuals. Nipple reduction enables these individuals to go to the beach or Japanese public baths, where they may go topless in public. We therefore consider that nipple reduction is indicated for all FTM transsexuals who desire it. There are a variety of methods for the reduction of enlarged nipples for women or non-FTM patients, but only a few reports have described the process used to create masculine-appearing nipples for FTM transsexuals. We developed a novel technique called the Eryngii method for creating male-like nipples using a 4-mm diameter dermal punch knife. The name of the method refers to the Eryngii king trumpet mushroom, which the nipple resembles after the surgical process. The main strength of this method is that it permits the creation of ideal nipples without difficulty. Here we introduce the technique and discuss our history of surgical methods for nipple reduction, including improvements and elaborations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakuraiToru en-aut-sei=Sakurai en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeToshiyuki en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Toshiyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ManakoKensuke en-aut-sei=Manako en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KomagoeSyo en-aut-sei=Komagoe en-aut-mei=Syo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukaiYuko en-aut-sei=Mukai en-aut-mei=Yuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimataYoshiro en-aut-sei=Kimata en-aut-mei=Yoshiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NambaYuzaburo en-aut-sei=Namba en-aut-mei=Yuzaburo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Plastic Surgery, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Gender Center, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=nipple reconstruction kn-keyword=nipple reconstruction en-keyword=female-to-male kn-keyword=female-to-male en-keyword=transmen kn-keyword=transmen en-keyword=mastectomy kn-keyword=mastectomy en-keyword=top surgery kn-keyword=top surgery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=4722 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=2019318 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Specific modification at the C-terminal lysine residue of the green fluorescent protein variant, GFPuv, expressed in Escherichia coli en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is amenable to recombinant expression in various kinds of cells and is widely used in life science research. We found that the recombinant expression of GFPuv, a commonly-used mutant of GFP, in E. coli produced two distinct molecular species as judged by in-gel fluorescence SDS-PAGE. These molecular species, namely form I and II, could be separately purified by anion-exchange chromatography without any remarkable differences in the fluorescence spectra. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that the molecular mass of form I is almost the same as the calculated value, while that of form II is approximately 1 Da larger than that of form I. Further mass spectrometric top-down sequencing pinpointed the modification in GFPuv form II, where the epsilon-amino group of the C-terminal Lys238 residue is converted into the hydroxyl group. No equivalent modification was observed in the native GFP in jellyfish Aequorea victoria, suggesting that this modification is not physiologically relevant. Crystal structure analysis of the two species verified the structural identity of the backbone and the vicinity of the chromophore. The modification found in this study may also be generated in other GFP variants as well as in other recombinant expression systems. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakataniTakahiro en-aut-sei=Nakatani en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuiNorihisa en-aut-sei=Yasui en-aut-mei=Norihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamuraIssei en-aut-sei=Tamura en-aut-mei=Issei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaAtsuko en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Atsuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil= Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=9 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190828 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of dexamethasone to reverse decreased hepatic midazolam metabolism in rats with acute renal failure en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The inductive effects of dexamethasone on hepatic midazolam metabolism were examined in Wistar rats with acute renal failure (ARF) to clarify whether the ARF-related decrease in the hepatic expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is caused by an impairment in the translation/polypeptide formation process. ARF was induced with intramuscular glycerol injection. Dexamethasone was orally administered. Pooled liver microsomes from five rats were prepared with ultracentrifugation for each of four groups, namely, control and ARF rats, control rats with dexamethasone treatment and ARF rats with dexamethasone treatment. Hepatic drug-metabolizing activity was examined in an incubation study with the microsomes, where midazolam was employed as a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzymes. The hepatic protein and mRNA expressions of CYP3A23/3A1 and 3A2 enzymes were also evaluated. With dexamethasone treatment, the hepatic metabolic rate of midazolam increased 1.4 times in control rats, while it increased 19.6 times in ARF rats, reflecting the greater induction of hepatic protein expressions of CYP3A enzymes in ARF rats than in control rats. The hepatic protein expression process for CYP3A23/3A1 and 3A2 responds well to dexamethasone treatment in ARF rats, indicating that the translation/polypeptide formation process is not impaired in the presence of ARF. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DoiMasami en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Masami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajikawaNoriko en-aut-sei=Kajikawa en-aut-mei=Noriko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AibaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Aiba en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Acute renal failure kn-keyword=Acute renal failure en-keyword=CYP3A2 kn-keyword=CYP3A2 en-keyword=dexamethasone kn-keyword=dexamethasone en-keyword=hepatic drug metabolism kn-keyword=hepatic drug metabolism en-keyword=midazolam kn-keyword=midazolam END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=58 cd-vols= no-issue=26 article-no= start-page=2934 end-page=2943 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190531 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Photochemical Characterization of a New Heliorhodopsin from the Gram-Negative Eubacterium Bellilinea caldifistulae (BcHeR) and Comparison with Heliorhodopsin-48C12 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Many microorganisms express rhodopsins, pigmented membrane proteins capable of absorbing sunlight and harnessing that energy for important biological functions such as ATP synthesis and phototaxis. Microbial rhodopsins that have been discovered to date are categorized as type-1 rhodopsins. Interestingly, researchers have very recently unveiled a new microbial rhodopsin family named the heliorhodopsins, which are phylogenetically distant from type-1 rhodopsins. Among them, only heliorhodopsin-48C12 (HeR-48C12) from a Gram-positive eubacterium has been photochemically characterized [Pushkarev, A., et al. (2018) Nature 558, 595-599]. In this study, we photochemically characterize a purple-colored heliorhodopsin from Gram-negative eubacterium Bellilinea caldifistulae (BcHeR) as a second example and identify which properties are or are not conserved between BcHeR and HeR-48C12. A series of photochemical measurements revealed several conserved properties between them, including a visible absorption spectrum with a maximum at around 550 nm, the lack of ion-transport activity, and the existence of a second-order O-like intermediate during the photocycle that may activate an unidentified biological function. In contrast, as a property that is not conserved, although HeR-48C12 shows the light adaptation state of retinal, BcHeR showed the same retinal configuration under both dark- and light-adapted conditions. These comparisons of photochemical properties between BcHeR and HeR-48C12 are an important first step toward understanding the nature and functional role of heliorhodopsins. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShibukawaAtsushi en-aut-sei=Shibukawa en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KojimaKeiichi en-aut-sei=Kojima en-aut-mei=Keiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakajimaYu en-aut-sei=Nakajima en-aut-mei=Yu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraYosuke en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshizawaSusumu en-aut-sei=Yoshizawa en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SudoYuki en-aut-sei=Sudo en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute , The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute , The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute , The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=117 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=99 end-page=110 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190709 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Alteration of Membrane Physicochemical Properties by Two Factors for Membrane Protein Integration en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= After a nascent chain of a membrane protein emerges from the ribosomal tunnel, the protein is integrated into the cell membrane. This process is controlled by a series of proteinaceous molecular devices, such as signal recognition particles and Sec translocons. In addition to these proteins, we discovered two endogenous components regulating membrane protein integration in the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. The integration is blocked by diacylglycerol (DAG), whereas the blocking is relieved by a glycolipid named membrane protein integrase (MPIase). Here, we investigated the influence of these integration-blocking and integration-promoting factors on the physicochemical properties of membrane lipids via solid-state NMR and fluorescence measurements. These factors did not have destructive effects on membrane morphology because the membrane maintained its lamellar structure and did not fuse in the presence of DAG and/or MPIase at their effective concentrations. We next focused on membrane flexibility. DAG did not affect the mobility of the membrane surface, whereas the sugar chain in MPIase was highly mobile and enhanced the flexibility of membrane lipid headgroups. Comparison with a synthetic MPIase analog revealed the effects of the long sugar chain on membrane properties. The acyl chain order inside the membrane was increased by DAG, whereas the increase was cancelled by the addition of MPIase. MPIase also loosened the membrane lipid packing. Focusing on the transbilayer movement, MPIase reduced the rapid flip-flop motion of DAG. On the other hand, MPIase could not compensate for the diminished lateral diffusion by DAG. These results suggest that by manipulating the membrane lipids dynamics, DAG inhibits the protein from contacting the inner membrane, whereas the flexible long sugar chain of MPIase increases the opportunity for interaction between the membrane and the protein, leading to membrane integration of the newly formed protein. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NomuraKaoru en-aut-sei=Nomura en-aut-mei=Kaoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaguchiToshiyuki en-aut-sei=Yamaguchi en-aut-mei=Toshiyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriShoko en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Shoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujikawaKohki en-aut-sei=Fujikawa en-aut-mei=Kohki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiyamaKen-ichi en-aut-sei=Nishiyama en-aut-mei=Ken-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimanouchiToshinori en-aut-sei=Shimanouchi en-aut-mei=Toshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanimotoYasushi en-aut-sei=Tanimoto en-aut-mei=Yasushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorigakiKenichi en-aut-sei=Morigaki en-aut-mei=Kenichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimamotoKeiko en-aut-sei=Shimamoto en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=63 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=125 end-page=129 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Digital transfer of the subgingival contour and emergence profile of the provisional restoration to the final bone-anchored fixed restoration en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=PURPOSE:
This report was written to introduce an attempt at clinical application of our newly developed digital workflow to reproduce the morphology of the subgingival contour and the emergence profile of the provisional restoration within the final bone-anchored fixed restoration, using a bounded unilateral edentulous case.
METHODS:
This digital workflow involves superimposition of the composite images of two specific types of working casts onto the working cast for the provisional restoration namely, a split cast screwed with a titanium base and a split cast screwed with a provisional restoration and integrating these with the whole intraoral surface image, in which the provisional restoration was present. The final restoration fabricated using this technique could be installed without any clinical problems. The results of in silico analysis revealed that the cubic volume ratio of the total discrepancy between the provisional and the final restorations was only 2.4%. Further, sufficient oral hygiene was maintained and the patient was satisfied with the outcome of the treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:
This technical report suggests that our newly developed digital workflow provided clinical applicability and may enable accurate transfer of the morphology of the subgingival contour and emergence profile of the provisional to the final bone-anchored fixed restoration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KurosakiYoko en-aut-sei=Kurosaki en-aut-mei=Yoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MinoTakuya en-aut-sei=Mino en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaekawaKenji en-aut-sei=Maekawa en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IzumiKoji en-aut-sei=Izumi en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubokiTakuo en-aut-sei=Kuboki en-aut-mei=Takuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=SHIKEN Corporation kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Digital transfer kn-keyword=Digital transfer en-keyword=Emergence profile kn-keyword=Emergence profile en-keyword=Implant fixed restoration kn-keyword=Implant fixed restoration en-keyword=In silico analysis kn-keyword=In silico analysis en-keyword=Subgingival contour kn-keyword=Subgingival contour END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=e50082 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=20121126 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Mitochondrial localization of ABC transporter ABCG2 and its function in 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated protoporphyrin IX accumulation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in malignant cells is the basis of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy. We studied the expression of proteins that possibly affect ALA-mediated PpIX accumulation, namely oligopeptide transporter-1 and -2, ferrochelatase and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), in several tumor cell lines. Among these proteins, only ABCG2 correlated negatively with ALA-mediated PpIX accumulation. Both a subcellular fractionation study and confocal laser microscopic analysis revealed that ABCG2 was distributed not only in the plasma membrane but also intracellular organelles, including mitochondria. In addition, mitochondrial ABCG2 regulated the content of ALA-mediated PpIX in mitochondria, and Ko143, a specific inhibitor of ABCG2, enhanced mitochondrial PpIX accumulation. To clarify the possible roles of mitochondrial ABCG2, we characterized stably transfected-HEK (ST-HEK) cells overexpressing ABCG2. In these ST-HEK cells, functionally active ABCG2 was detected in mitochondria, and treatment with Ko143 increased ALA-mediated mitochondrial PpIX accumulation. Moreover, the mitochondria isolated from ST-HEK cells exported doxorubicin probably through ABCG2, because the export of doxorubicin was inhibited by Ko143. The susceptibility of ABCG2 distributed in mitochondria to proteinase K, endoglycosidase H and peptide-N-glycosidase F suggested that ABCG2 in mitochondrial fraction is modified by N-glycans and trafficked through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and finally localizes within the mitochondria. Thus, it was found that ABCG2 distributed in mitochondria is a functional transporter and that the mitochondrial ABCG2 regulates ALA-mediated PpIX level through PpIX export from mitochondria to the cytosol. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KobuchiHirotsugu en-aut-sei=Kobuchi en-aut-mei=Hirotsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriyaKoko en-aut-sei=Moriya en-aut-mei=Koko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OginoTetsuya en-aut-sei=Ogino en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaHirofumi en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueKeiji en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShuinTaro en-aut-sei=Shuin en-aut-mei=Taro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasudaTatsuji en-aut-sei=Yasuda en-aut-mei=Tatsuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=UtsumiKozo en-aut-sei=Utsumi en-aut-mei=Kozo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=UtsumiToshihiko en-aut-sei=Utsumi en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=1 Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=1 Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=35 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=12 end-page=17 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=201906 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Species identification of a laboratory strain belonging to the family Arvicolinae kn-title=種名が不明なミズハタネズミ亜科系統の種の同定 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= This study investigated the taxonomic status of a laboratory strain belonging to the family Arvicolinae for which the wild species name is unknown. This vole strain, though considered formerly a Lemming, was distinguishable from any Lemmus species by features of its appearance, skull and molar morphology, and conventional chromosomal pattern. Subsequently, we read the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyb) gene and constructed a molecular phylogenetic tree. We found that this vole strain belongs to the same clade as Microtus guenthe en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahataSatoshi en-aut-sei=Takahata en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=高畑智 kn-aut-sei=高畑 kn-aut-mei=智 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsemuraNatsumi en-aut-sei=Isemura en-aut-mei=Natsumi kn-aut-name=伊勢村夏実 kn-aut-sei=伊勢村 kn-aut-mei=夏実 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MekadaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Mekada en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name=目加田和之 kn-aut-sei=目加田 kn-aut-mei=和之 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 理学部 動物学科 affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 理学部 動物学科 affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 理学部 動物学科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=1051 end-page=1058 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160510 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Regulation of Vibrio mimicus metalloprotease (VMP) production by the quorum-sensing master regulatory protein, LuxR en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Vibrio mimicus is an estuarine bacterium, while it can cause severe diarrhea, wound infection, and otitis media in humans. This pathogen secretes a relatively important toxin named V. mimicus metalloprotease (VMP). In this study, we clarified regulation of the VMP production according to the quorum-sensing master regulatory protein named LuxR. First, the full length of luxR gene, encoding LuxR, was detected in V. mimicus strain E-37, an environmental isolate. Next, the putative consensus binding sequence of LuxR protein could be detected in the upstream (promoter) region of VMP encoding gene, vmp. Finally, the effect of disruption of luxR gene on the expression of vmp and production of VMP was evaluated. Namely, the expression of vmp was significantly diminished by luxR disruption and the production of VMP was severely altered. Taken together, here we report that VMP production is under the positive regulation of the quorum-sensing master regulatory protein, LuxR. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Abdel‐SattarEl‐Shaymaa en-aut-sei=Abdel‐Sattar en-aut-mei=El‐Shaymaa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Miyoshi Shin‐ichi en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei= Shin‐ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ElgamlAbdelaziz en-aut-sei=Elgaml en-aut-mei=Abdelaziz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=LuxR protein kn-keyword=LuxR protein en-keyword=Metalloprotease kn-keyword=Metalloprotease en-keyword=Quorum-sensing kn-keyword=Quorum-sensing en-keyword=Vibrio mimicus kn-keyword=Vibrio mimicus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=98 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=094525 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=20180928 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Temperature-dependent local structure and superconductivity of BaPd2As2 and SrPd2As2 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The local structures of 122-type paradium arsenides, namely BaPd2As2 and SrPd2As2, are examined by As K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements to find a possible correlation between the variation of their superconducting transition temperature and the local structure. The local atomic distances are found to be consistent with average distances measured by diffraction techniques. The temperature dependence of mean square relative displacements reveal that, while BaPd2As2 is characterized by a local As-Pd soft mode, albeit with larger atomic disorder, SrPd2As2 shows anomalous As-Pd correlations with a kink at similar to 160 K due to hardening by raising temperature. We have discussed implications of these results and possible mechanisms of differing superconducting transition temperature in relation with the structural instability. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TerashimaK. en-aut-sei=Terashima en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ParisE. en-aut-sei=Paris en-aut-mei=E. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SimonelliL. en-aut-sei=Simonelli en-aut-mei=L. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=Salas-ColeraE. en-aut-sei=Salas-Colera en-aut-mei=E. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=PuriA. en-aut-sei=Puri en-aut-mei=A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakitaT. en-aut-sei=Wakita en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaY. en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanoS. en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=IdeiH. en-aut-sei=Idei en-aut-mei=H. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KudoK. en-aut-sei=Kudo en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoharaM. en-aut-sei=Nohara en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuraokaY. en-aut-sei=Muraoka en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizokawaT. en-aut-sei=Mizokawa en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokoyaT. en-aut-sei=Yokoya en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=SainiN. L. en-aut-sei=Saini en-aut-mei=N. L. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma “La Sapienza” kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=CELLS - ALBA Synchrotron Radiation Facility kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Spanish CRG BM25 Spline, ESRF - The European Synchrotron kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=CRG-LISA, ESRF kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma “La Sapienza” kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=21 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=16 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=201809 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Is it Admitted not to Mention Victim’s Name in an Indictment？ kn-title=起訴状における被害者氏名の不記載の可否 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshizawaToru en-aut-sei=Yoshizawa en-aut-mei=Toru kn-aut-name=吉沢徹 kn-aut-sei=吉沢 kn-aut-mei=徹 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院法務研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=116 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=20170727 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A software architecture for Java programming learning assistant system en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= For advancements of Java programming educations, we have developed a Web-based Java Programming Learning System (JPLAS). JPLAS provides four problems with different levels, namely, element fill-inblank problem, value trace problem, statement fill-in-blank problem, and code writing problem, to cover students at different learning stages. Unfortunately, since JPLAS has been implemented by a number of students who studied in our group at different years, the code has become complex and redundant, which makes further extensions of JPLAS extremely hard. In this paper, we propose a software architecture for JPLAS to avoid redundancy. Based on the MVC model, our proposal uses Java for the model (M), HTML/CSS/JavaScript for the view (V), and JSP for the controller (C). Besides, adopting a design pattern, the marking functions of the four problems are implemented uniformly. For evaluations, after JPLAS is implemented with this architecture, the number of code files is compared with that of the previous implementation, and the number of additional files is examined for two new functions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshiharaNobuya en-aut-sei=Ishihara en-aut-mei=Nobuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FunabikiNobuo en-aut-sei=Funabiki en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuribayashiMinoru en-aut-sei=Kuribayashi en-aut-mei=Minoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KaoWen-Chung en-aut-sei=Kao en-aut-mei=Wen-Chung kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University kn-affil= en-keyword=JPLAS kn-keyword=JPLAS en-keyword=Java programming education kn-keyword=Java programming education en-keyword=Web application kn-keyword=Web application en-keyword= MVC model kn-keyword= MVC model en-keyword=Software architecture kn-keyword=Software architecture END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=215 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=29 end-page=35 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=201810 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Specific growth inhibitors of Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Plant pathogenic bacteria cause huge yield losses in crops globally. Therefore, finding effective bactericides to these pathogens is an immediate challenge. In this study, we sought compounds that specifically inhibit the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum. As a result, we identified one promising compound, 1-(4-bromophenyl)-6-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carboline, which inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum (Rs1002) from a pilot library of 376 chemicals provided from RIKEN. We further obtained its structural analogues and assessed their ability to inhibit Rs1002 growth. Then we identified five compounds, named ralhibitins A to E, that specifically inhibit growth of Rs1002 at >5 μg/ml final concentration. The most effective compounds, ralhibitins A, C, and E completely inhibited the growth of Rs1002 at 1.25 μg/ml. In addition, ralhibitins A to E inhibited growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae but not the other bacteria tested at a final concentration of 10 μg/ml. Whereas, ralhibitin E, besides inhibiting R. solanacearum and X. oryzae pv. oryzae, completely inhibited the growth of X. campestris pv. campestris and the Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis at 10 μg/ml. Growth inhibition by these compounds was stable at pH 6–9 and after autoclaving. Because Rs1002 grew in the culture medium in which ralhibitins were incubated with the ralhibitin-insensitive bacteria, the unaffected bacteria may be able to inactivate the inhibitory effect of ralhibitins. These results suggest that ralhibitins might be potential lead compounds for the specific control of phytopathogenic bacteria. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=Sing’ombe OmbiroGeofrey kn-aut-sei=Sing’ombe Ombiro kn-aut-mei=Geofrey aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SawaiTaku en-aut-sei=Sawai en-aut-mei=Taku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoutoshiYoshiteru en-aut-sei=Noutoshi en-aut-mei=Yoshiteru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinaYuta en-aut-sei=Nishina en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuiHidenori en-aut-sei=Matsui en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoMikihiro en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Mikihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyodaKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Toyoda en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchinoseYuki en-aut-sei=Ichinose en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Bactericide kn-keyword=Bactericide en-keyword=Ralhibitins kn-keyword=Ralhibitins en-keyword=Ralstonia solanacearum kn-keyword=Ralstonia solanacearum en-keyword=Lead compounds kn-keyword=Lead compounds END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=34 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=28 end-page=31 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=201804 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Male sexual maturation of two Microtus species under laboratory conditions kn-title=飼育下におけるハタネズミ2 系統のオスの性成熟について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is important to know the optimal timing of mating to produce laboratory animals efficiently and to ensure the preservation laboratory strains. To clarify the characteristics of the male sexual maturity of two laboratory Mictorus strains, namely the “Mar” and “MrosA” strains, which are derived from M. arvalis and M. levis, respectively, the testes and epididymes from 4-, 6-, 8- and 10 week-old males were weighed and compared. Although the tissue weights increased gradually with age in the Mar strain, in the MrosA strain, the weight of the testis increased markedly from 4 to weeks of age and that of the epididymis increased from 6 to 8 weeks of age. In addition, the spermatozoa concentrations in the cauda epididymis at 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age in were measured in each strain. The sperm concentration increased in the Mar strain at 8 weeks versus 6 weeks in the MrosA strain. From these results, it is clear that there are differences in the patterns of the increases in testis and epididymis weight and sperm concentration between the two strains. It was suggested that males of the MrosA strain attain sexual maturity earlier than those of the Mar strain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsumotoIbuki en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Ibuki kn-aut-name=松本息吹 kn-aut-sei=松本 kn-aut-mei=息吹 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeshitaKeiryu en-aut-sei=Takeshita en-aut-mei=Keiryu kn-aut-name=竹下渓竜 kn-aut-sei=竹下 kn-aut-mei=渓竜 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MekadaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Mekada en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name=目加田和之 kn-aut-sei=目加田 kn-aut-mei=和之 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 affil-num=3 en-affil=Okayama University of Science kn-affil=岡山理科大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=18 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=20180319 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=An Analysis of Inquiries to the International Students Advisory Office at Okayama University from Organizations/Individuals Outside the University kn-title=岡山大学留学生相談室と接触のあった公的機関・民間団体・個人等の学外者に関する分析 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=　　In this paper, the authors examine the reasons why outsiders such as the staff of public and private sector organizations as well as individuals made contact with the International Students Advisory Office（ ISAO） at Okayama University during the period from November 1999 to March 201₇. At ISAO 80% of the visitors are the students, staff and faculty of Okayama University, and the rest, 20%, are non-university people. Because of its name, people assume that ISAO visitors are only university-related people. However, advising and supporting international students cannot be done only on-campus, but also requires support and help from people outside of the university. The purpose of this paper is to focus on this 20% of ISAO visitors and to analyze the reasons for and frequencies of their inquiries. 　A total number of ₆,808 queries were made from outside the campus during the 1₇ year and ₅ month period under study. ₇8% of these were from Japanese and 22% were from foreigners. ₇₆% were residents of Okayama Prefecture. 　As for their affiliation, ₃9% were individuals; 20%, the staff of educational institutions; 18%, NPO’s and other private groups; 1₇%, government officials; ₆%, company workers and managers. As for the reasons for contacting the office, the majority, ₅1%, were related to exchange/support; while 2₇%, daily life-related matters; 8%, information exchange with other students advisors; ₆%, study-related matters; and ₅%, university admission related. 　In the discussion, the authors examine the inquiries by other universities, foreign governments and mass media, and analyze their meaning and characteristics. The authors also point out the typical problems pertaining to“ cultural exchanges” with schools. Finally, they look at issues related to the alumni and alumna who return as continuous users of ISAO. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkaMasumi en-aut-sei=Oka en-aut-mei=Masumi kn-aut-name=岡益巳 kn-aut-sei=岡 kn-aut-mei=益巳 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UzukaMariko en-aut-sei=Uzuka en-aut-mei=Mariko kn-aut-name=宇塚万里子 kn-aut-sei=宇塚 kn-aut-mei=万里子 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirotaYoko en-aut-sei=Hirota en-aut-mei=Yoko kn-aut-name=廣田陽子 kn-aut-sei=廣田 kn-aut-mei=陽子 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学グローバル・パートナーズ affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学グローバル・パートナーズ affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学グローバル・パートナーズ END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=063827 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201712 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Frequency dependence of coherently amplified two-photon emission from hydrogen molecules en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= We investigate how the efficiency of coherently amplified two-photon emission depends on the frequency of one of the two emitted photons, namely the signal photon. This is done over the wavelength range of 5.048-10.21 mu m by using the vibrational transition of parahydrogen. The efficiency increases with the frequency of the signal photon. Considering experimental errors, our results are consistent with the theoretical prediction for the present experimental conditions. This study is an experimental demonstration of the frequency dependence of coherently amplified two-photon emission, and also presents its potential as a light source. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HaraHideaki en-aut-sei=Hara en-aut-mei=Hideaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyamotoYuki en-aut-sei=Miyamoto en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirakiTakahiro en-aut-sei=Hiraki en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaTakahiko en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Takahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasaoNoboru en-aut-sei=Sasao en-aut-mei=Noboru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UetakeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Uetake en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimiAkihiro en-aut-sei=Yoshimi en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimuraKoji en-aut-sei=Yoshimura en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimuraMotohiko en-aut-sei=Yoshimura en-aut-mei=Motohiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=e0171356 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=20170203 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Yes1 signaling mediates the resistance to Trastuzumab/Lap atinib in breast cancer en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=BACKGROUND: Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is observed in approximately 15-23% of breast cancers and these cancers are classified as HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab is the first-line targeted therapeutic drug for HER2-positive breast cancer and has improved patient overall survival. However, acquired resistance to trastuzumab is still a critical issue in breast cancer treatment. We previously established a trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell line (named as BT-474-R) from a trastuzumab-sensitive HER2-amplified cell line BT-474. Lapatinib is also a molecular-targeted drug for HER2-positive breast cancer, which acquired the resistance to trastuzumab. Acquired resistance to lapatinib is also an issue to be conquered. METHODS: We established trastuzumab/lapatinib-dual resistant cell line (named as BT-474-RL2) by additionally treating BT-474-R with lapatinib. We analyzed the mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab and lapatinib. Besides, we analyzed the effect of the detected resistance mechanism in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. RESULTS: Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Yes1, which is one of the Src family members, was amplified, overexpressed and activated in BT-474-R and BT-474-RL2. Silencing of Yes1 by siRNA induced both BT-474-R and BT-474-RL2 to restore the sensitivity to trastuzumab and lapatinib. Pharmaceutical inhibition of Yes1 by the Src inhibitor dasatinib was also effective to restore the sensitivity to trastuzumab and lapatinib in the two resistant cell lines. Combination treatment with dasatinib and trastuzumab induced down-regulation of signaling molecules such as HER2 and Akt. Moreover, the combination treatments induced G1-phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Consistent with cell line data, high expression of Yes1 mRNA was correlated with worse prognosis in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Yes1 plays an important role in acquired resistance to trastuzumab and lapatinib in HER2-positive breast cancer. Our data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of Yes1 may be an effective strategy to overcome resistance to trastuzumab and lapatinib. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakedaTatsuaki en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Tatsuaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoHiromasa en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Hiromasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiHirotaka en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Hirotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzawaKen en-aut-sei=Suzawa en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiokaTakahiro en-aut-sei=Yoshioka en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomidaShuta en-aut-sei=Tomida en-aut-mei=Shuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=CuiXiaojiang en-aut-sei=Cui en-aut-mei=Xiaojiang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuraliRamachandran en-aut-sei=Murali en-aut-mei=Ramachandran kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=NambaKei en-aut-sei=Namba en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoHiroki en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=TorigoeHidejiro en-aut-sei=Torigoe en-aut-mei=Hidejiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeMototsugu en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Mototsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShienKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Shien en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=SohJunichi en-aut-sei=Soh en-aut-mei=Junichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsanoHiroaki en-aut-sei=Asano en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsukudaKazunori en-aut-sei=Tsukuda en-aut-mei=Kazunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=16 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitamuraYoshihisa en-aut-sei=Kitamura en-aut-mei=Yoshihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=17 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiShinichiro en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=18 ORCID= en-aut-name=SendoToshiaki en-aut-sei=Sendo en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=19 ORCID= en-aut-name=ToyookaShinichi en-aut-sei=Toyooka en-aut-mei=Shinichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=20 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Biobank, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=16 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=17 en-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=18 en-affil=Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=19 en-affil=Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=20 en-affil=Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=371 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=20171204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Characterization of a Novel Bat Adenovirus Isolated from Straw-Colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum). en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Bats are important reservoirs for emerging zoonotic viruses. For extensive surveys of potential pathogens in straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in Zambia, a total of 107 spleen samples of E. helvum in 2006 were inoculated onto Vero E6 cells. The cell culture inoculated with one of the samples (ZFB06-106) exhibited remarkable cytopathic changes. Based on the ultrastructural property in negative staining and cross-reactivity in immunofluorescence assays, the virus was suspected to be an adenovirus, and tentatively named E. helvum adenovirus 06-106 (EhAdV 06-106). Analysis of the full-length genome of 30,134 bp, determined by next-generation sequencing, showed the presence of 28 open reading frames. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that EhAdV 06-106 represented a novel bat adenovirus species in the genus Mastadenovirus. The virus shared similar characteristics of low G + C contents with recently isolated members of species Bat mastadenoviruses E, F and G, from which EhAdV 06-106 diverged by more than 15% based on the distance matrix analysis of DNA polymerase amino acid sequences. According to the taxonomic criteria, we propose the tentative new species name "Bat mastadenovirus H". Because EhAdV 06-106 exhibited a wide in vitro cell tropism, the virus might have a potential risk as an emerging virus through cross-species transmission. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OgawaHirohito en-aut-sei=Ogawa en-aut-mei=Hirohito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajiharaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Kajihara en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NaoNaganori en-aut-sei=Nao en-aut-mei=Naganori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShigenoAsako en-aut-sei=Shigeno en-aut-mei=Asako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujikuraDaisuke en-aut-sei=Fujikura en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Hang’ombeBernard M. en-aut-sei=Hang’ombe en-aut-mei=Bernard M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MweeneAaron S. en-aut-sei=Mweene en-aut-mei=Aaron S. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MutemwaAlisheke en-aut-sei=Mutemwa en-aut-mei=Alisheke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SquarreDavid en-aut-sei=Squarre en-aut-mei=David kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaMasao en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Masao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=HigashiHideaki en-aut-sei=Higashi en-aut-mei=Hideaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=SawaHirofumi en-aut-sei=Sawa en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakadaAyato en-aut-sei=Takada en-aut-mei=Ayato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil= Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil= Provincial Veterinary Office, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Ministry of Tourism and Arts kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil= Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University kn-affil= en-keyword=Eidolon helvum kn-keyword=Eidolon helvum en-keyword=Zambia kn-keyword=Zambia en-keyword=adenovirus kn-keyword=adenovirus en-keyword=bat kn-keyword=bat END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=1479 end-page=1486 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=201505 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Multiple roles of hypoxia in ovarian function: roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-related and -unrelated signals during the luteal phase en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= There is increasing interest in the role of oxygen conditions in the microenvironment of organs because of the discovery of a hypoxia-specific transcription factor, namely hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1. Ovarian function has several phases that change day by day, including ovulation, follicular growth and corpus luteum formation and regression. These phases are regulated by many factors, including pituitary hormones and local hormones, such as steroids, peptides and cytokines, as well as oxygen conditions. Hypoxia strongly induces angiogenesis because transcription of the potent angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is regulated by HIF1. Follicular development and luteal formation are accompanied by a marked increase in angiogenesis assisted by HIF1-VEGF signalling. Hypoxia is also one of the factors that induces luteolysis by suppressing progesterone synthesis and by promoting apoptosis of luteal cells. The present review focuses on recent studies of hypoxic conditions, as well as HIF1-regulated genes and proteins, in the regulation of ovarian function. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishimuraRyo en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkudaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Okuda en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=angiogenesis kn-keyword=angiogenesis en-keyword=apoptosis kn-keyword=apoptosis en-keyword=corpus luteum kn-keyword=corpus luteum en-keyword=follicular development kn-keyword=follicular development en-keyword=luteal formation kn-keyword=luteal formation en-keyword=luteal regression kn-keyword=luteal regression en-keyword=steroidogenesis kn-keyword=steroidogenesis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=e50082 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=20121126 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Mitochondrial localization of ABC transporter ABCG2 and its function in 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated protoporphyrin IX accumulation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in malignant cells is the basis of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy. We studied the expression of proteins that possibly affect ALA-mediated PpIX accumulation, namely oligopeptide transporter-1 and -2, ferrochelatase and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), in several tumor cell lines. Among these proteins, only ABCG2 correlated negatively with ALA-mediated PpIX accumulation. Both a subcellular fractionation study and confocal laser microscopic analysis revealed that ABCG2 was distributed not only in the plasma membrane but also intracellular organelles, including mitochondria. In addition, mitochondrial ABCG2 regulated the content of ALA-mediated PpIX in mitochondria, and Ko143, a specific inhibitor of ABCG2, enhanced mitochondrial PpIX accumulation. To clarify the possible roles of mitochondrial ABCG2, we characterized stably transfected-HEK (ST-HEK) cells overexpressing ABCG2. In these ST-HEK cells, functionally active ABCG2 was detected in mitochondria, and treatment with Ko143 increased ALA-mediated mitochondrial PpIX accumulation. Moreover, the mitochondria isolated from ST-HEK cells exported doxorubicin probably through ABCG2, because the export of doxorubicin was inhibited by Ko143. The susceptibility of ABCG2 distributed in mitochondria to proteinase K, endoglycosidase H and peptide-N-glycosidase F suggested that ABCG2 in mitochondrial fraction is modified by N-glycans and trafficked through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and finally localizes within the mitochondria. Thus, it was found that ABCG2 distributed in mitochondria is a functional transporter and that the mitochondrial ABCG2 regulates ALA-mediated PpIX level through PpIX export from mitochondria to the cytosol. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KobuchiHirotsugu en-aut-sei=Kobuchi en-aut-mei=Hirotsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriyaKoko en-aut-sei=Moriya en-aut-mei=Koko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OginoTetsuya en-aut-sei=Ogino en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaHirofumi en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueKeiji en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShuinTaro en-aut-sei=Shuin en-aut-mei=Taro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasudaTatsuji en-aut-sei=Yasuda en-aut-mei=Tatsuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=UtsumiKozo en-aut-sei=Utsumi en-aut-mei=Kozo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=UtsumiToshihiko en-aut-sei=Utsumi en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=525 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1586 end-page=1598 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=20170501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification of the sexually dimorphic gastrin-releasing peptide system in the lumbosacral spinal cord that controls male reproductive function in the mouse and Asian house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Several regions of the brain and spinal cord control male reproductive function. We previously demonstrated that the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) system, located in the lumbosacral spinal cord of rats, controls spinal centers to promote penile reflexes during male copulatory behavior. However, little information exists on the male-specific spinal GRP system in animals other than rats. The objective of this study was to examine the functional generality of the spinal GRP system in mammals using the Asian house musk shrew (Suncus murinus; suncus named as the laboratory strain), a specialized placental mammal model. Mice are also used for a representative model of small laboratory animals. We first isolated complementary DNA encoding GRP in suncus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that suncus preproGRP was clustered to an independent branch. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that GRP and its receptor mRNAs were both expressed in the lumbar spinal cord of suncus and mice. Immunohistochemistry for GRP demonstrated that the sexually dimorphic GRP system and male-specific expression/distribution patterns of GRP in the lumbosacral spinal cord in suncus are similar to those of mice. In suncus, we further found that most GRP-expressing neurons in males also express androgen receptors, suggesting that this male-dominant system in suncus is also androgen-dependent. Taken together, these results indicate that the sexually dimorphic spinal GRP system exists not only in mice but also in suncus, suggesting that this system is a conserved property in mammals. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TamuraKei en-aut-sei=Tamura en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiYasuhisa en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Yasuhisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirookaAsuka en-aut-sei=Hirooka en-aut-mei=Asuka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakanamiKeiko en-aut-sei=Takanami en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtiTakumi en-aut-sei=Oti en-aut-mei=Takumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=JogaharaTakamichi en-aut-sei=Jogahara en-aut-mei=Takamichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OdaSen-ichi en-aut-sei=Oda en-aut-mei=Sen-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoTatsuya en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakamotoHirotaka en-aut-sei=Sakamoto en-aut-mei=Hirotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil= Laboratory of Animal Management and Resources, Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil= Laboratory of Animal Management and Resources, Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=RRID kn-keyword=RRID en-keyword=AB_2060157 kn-keyword=AB_2060157 en-keyword=RRID: AB_2571636 kn-keyword=RRID: AB_2571636 en-keyword=RRID: AB_626757 kn-keyword=RRID: AB_626757 en-keyword=Suncus murinus (suncus) kn-keyword=Suncus murinus (suncus) en-keyword=gastrin-releasing peptide kn-keyword=gastrin-releasing peptide en-keyword=male reproductive function kn-keyword=male reproductive function en-keyword=sexual dimorphism kn-keyword=sexual dimorphism en-keyword=spinal cord kn-keyword=spinal cord END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=139 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=4376 end-page=4389 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=20170329 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Demonstration of a Light-Driven SO42- Transporter and Its Spectroscopic Characteristics. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= In organisms, ion transporters play essential roles in the generation and dissipation of ion gradients across cell membranes. Microbial rhodopsins selectively transport cognate ions using solar energy, in which the substrate ions identified to date have been confined to monovalent ions such as H+, Na+, and Cl-. Here we report a novel rhodopsin from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509, which inwardly transports a polyatomic divalent sulfate ion, SO42-, with changes of its spectroscopic properties in both unphotolyzed and photolyzed states. Upon illumination, cells expressing the novel rhodopsin, named Synechocystis halorhodopsin (SyHR), showed alkalization of the medium only in the presence of Cl- or SO42-. That alkalization signal was enhanced by addition of a protonophore, indicating an inward transport of Cl- and SO42- with a subsequent secondary inward H+ movement across the membrane. The anion binding to SyHR was suggested by absorption spectral shifts from 542 to 536 nm for Cl- and from 542 to 556 nm for SO42-, and the affinities of Cl- and SO42- were estimated as 0.112 and 5.81 mM, respectively. We then performed time-resolved spectroscopic measurements ranging from femtosecond to millisecond time domains to elucidate the structure and structural changes of SyHR during the photoreaction. Based on the results, we propose a photocycle model for SyHR in the absence or presence of substrate ions with the timing of their uptake and release. Thus, we demonstrate SyHR as the first light-driven polyatomic divalent anion (SO42-) transporter and report its spectroscopic characteristics. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NihoAkiko en-aut-sei=Niho en-aut-mei=Akiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshizawaSusumu en-aut-sei=Yoshizawa en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsukamotoTakashi en-aut-sei=Tsukamoto en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuriharaMarie en-aut-sei=Kurihara en-aut-mei=Marie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaharaShinya en-aut-sei=Tahara en-aut-mei=Shinya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakajimaYu en-aut-sei=Nakajima en-aut-mei=Yu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoMisao en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Misao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuramochiHikaru en-aut-sei=Kuramochi en-aut-mei=Hikaru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaharaTahei en-aut-sei=Tahara en-aut-mei=Tahei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizutaniYasuhisa en-aut-sei=Mizutani en-aut-mei=Yasuhisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=SudoYuki en-aut-sei=Sudo en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil= Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil= Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil= Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=6 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=21487 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160216 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Chemical control of xylem differentiation by thermospermine, xylemin and auxin en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The xylem conducts water and minerals from the root to the shoot and provides mechanical strength to the plant body. The vascular precursor cells of the procambium differentiate to form continuous vascular strands, from which xylem and phloem cells are generated in the proper spatiotemporal pattern. Procambium formation and xylem differentiation are directed by auxin. In angiosperms, thermospermine, a structural isomer of spermine, suppresses xylem differentiation by limiting auxin signalling. However, the process of auxin-inducible xylem differentiation has not been fully elucidated and remains difficult to manipulate. Here, we found that an antagonist of spermidine can act as an inhibitor of thermospermine biosynthesis and results in excessive xylem differentiation, which is a phenocopy of a thermospermine-deficient mutant acaulis5 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We named this compound xylemin owing to its xylem-inducing effect. Application of a combination of xylemin and thermospermine to wild-type seedlings negates the effect of xylemin, whereas co-treatment with xylemin and a synthetic proauxin, which undergoes hydrolysis to release active auxin, has a synergistic inductive effect on xylem differentiation. Thus, xylemin may serve as a useful transformative chemical tool not only for the study of thermospermine function in various plant species but also for the control of xylem induction and woody biomass production. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshimotoKaori en-aut-sei=Yoshimoto en-aut-mei=Kaori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakamuraHiroyoshi en-aut-sei=Takamura en-aut-mei=Hiroyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KadotaIsao en-aut-sei=Kadota en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MotoseHiroyasu en-aut-sei=Motose en-aut-mei=Hiroyasu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiTaku en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Taku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=6 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=21487 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160216 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Chemical control of xylem differentiation by thermospermine, xylemin, and auxin en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The xylem conducts water and minerals from the root to the shoot and provides mechanical strength to the plant body. The vascular precursor cells of the procambium differentiate to form continuous vascular strands, from which xylem and phloem cells are generated in the proper spatiotemporal pattern. Procambium formation and xylem differentiation are directed by auxin. In angiosperms, thermospermine, a structural isomer of spermine, suppresses xylem differentiation by limiting auxin signalling. However, the process of auxin-inducible xylem differentiation has not been fully elucidated and remains difficult to manipulate. Here, we found that an antagonist of spermidine can act as an inhibitor of thermospermine biosynthesis and results in excessive xylem differentiation, which is a phenocopy of a thermospermine-deficient mutant acaulis5 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We named this compound xylemin owing to its xylem-inducing effect. Application of a combination of xylemin and thermospermine to wild-type seedlings negates the effect of xylemin, whereas co-treatment with xylemin and a synthetic proauxin, which undergoes hydrolysis to release active auxin, has a synergistic inductive effect on xylem differentiation. Thus, xylemin may serve as a useful transformative chemical tool not only for the study of thermospermine function in various plant species but also for the control of xylem induction and woody biomass production. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshimotoKaori en-aut-sei=Yoshimoto en-aut-mei=Kaori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakamuraHiroyoshi en-aut-sei=Takamura en-aut-mei=Hiroyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KadotaIsao en-aut-sei=Kadota en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MotoseHiroyasu en-aut-sei=Motose en-aut-mei=Hiroyasu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiTaku en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Taku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=343 end-page=351 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201309 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Behavior tests and immunohistochemical retinal response analyses in RCS rats with subretinal implantation of Okayama-University-type retinal prosthesis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We have developed a photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film as a prototype of retinal prosthesis, which we named Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis. The purposes of this study are to conduct behavior tests to assess vision in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats that underwent subretinal implantation of the dye-coupled film and to reveal retinal response to the dye-coupled film by immunohistochemistry. Polyethylene films were made of polyethylene powder at refined purity, and photoelectric dyes were coupled to the film surface at higher density compared with the prototype. Either dye-coupled film or dye-uncoupled plain film used as a control was implanted subretinally from a scleral incision in both eyes of an RCS rat at 6 weeks of the age. Behavior tests 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after implantation were conducted by observing head turning or body turning in the direction consistent with clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of a black-and-white-striped drum around a transparent cage housed with the rat. After the behavior tests at 8 weeks, rats' eyes were enucleated to confirm subretinal implantation of the films and processed for immunohistochemistry. In the behavior tests, the number of head turnings consistent with the direction of the drum rotation was significantly larger in RCS rats with dye-coupled- compared with plain-film implantation [P < 0.05, repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), n = 7]. The number of apoptotic neurons was significantly smaller in eyes with dye-coupled- compared with plain-film implantation (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test, n = 6). In conclusion, subretinal implantation of photoelectric dye-coupled films restored vision in RCS rats and prevented the remaining retinal neurons from apoptosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Alamusi en-aut-sei=Alamusi en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosoyaOsamu en-aut-sei=Hosoya en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsutsuiKimiko M. en-aut-sei=Tsutsui en-aut-mei=Kimiko M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Med Sch, Dept Ophthalmol affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Med Sch, Dept Ophthalmol affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Med Sch, Dept Neurogen affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Med Sch, Dept Neurogen affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Fac Engn, Div Polymer Mat Sci en-keyword=Retinal prosthesis kn-keyword=Retinal prosthesis en-keyword=Photoelectric dye kn-keyword=Photoelectric dye en-keyword=Polyethylene film kn-keyword=Polyethylene film en-keyword=RCS rat kn-keyword=RCS rat en-keyword=Behavior test kn-keyword=Behavior test en-keyword=Apoptosis kn-keyword=Apoptosis en-keyword=Immunohistochemistry kn-keyword=Immunohistochemistry END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=185 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=57 end-page=62 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20140920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A rapid and enhanced DNA detection method for crop cultivar discrimination en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In many crops species, the development of a rapid and precise cultivar discrimination system has been required for plant breeding and patent protection of plant cultivars and agricultural products. Here, we successfully evaluated strawberry cultivars via a novel method, namely, the single tag hybridization (STH) chromatographic printed array strip (PAS) using the PCR products of eight genomic regions. In a previous study, we showed that genotyping of eight genomic regions derived from FaRE1 retrotransposon insertion site enabled to discriminate 32 strawberry cultivars precisely, however, this method required agarose/acrylamide gel electrophoresis, thus has the difficulty for practical application. In contrast, novel DNA detection method in this study has some great advantages over standard DNA detection methods, including agarose/acrylamide gel electrophoresis, because it produces signals for DNA detection with dramatically higher sensitivity in a shorter time without any preparation or staining of a gel. Moreover, this method enables the visualization of multiplex signals simultaneously in a single reaction using several independent amplification products. We expect that this novel method will become a rapid and convenient cultivar screening assay for practical purposes, and will be widely applied to various situations, including laboratory research, and on-site inspection of plant cultivars and agricultural products. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MondenYuki en-aut-sei=Monden en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakasakiKazuto en-aut-sei=Takasaki en-aut-mei=Kazuto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FutoSatoshi en-aut-sei=Futo en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NiwaKousuke en-aut-sei=Niwa en-aut-mei=Kousuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaseMitsuo en-aut-sei=Kawase en-aut-mei=Mitsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkitakeHiroto en-aut-sei=Akitake en-aut-mei=Hiroto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaharaMakoto en-aut-sei=Tahara en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=FASMAC Co., Ltd. affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=FASMAC Co., Ltd. affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University en-keyword=Cultivar discrimination kn-keyword=Cultivar discrimination en-keyword=Multiplex PCR kn-keyword=Multiplex PCR en-keyword=Strawberry kn-keyword=Strawberry en-keyword=Practical application kn-keyword=Practical application en-keyword=Retrotransposon kn-keyword=Retrotransposon END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=189 end-page=195 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130427 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=CD14 upregulation as a distinct feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after pancreatoduodenectomy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=AIM: To investigate the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS: A cohort of 82 patients who underwent PD at Okayama University Hospital between 2003 and 2009 was enrolled and the clinicopathological features were compared between patients with and without NAFLD after PD. Computed tomography (CT) images were evaluated every 6 mo after PD for follow-up. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed on CT when hepatic attenuation values were 40 Hounsfield units. Liver biopsy was performed for 4 of 30 patients with NAFLD after PD who consented to undergo biopsies. To compare NAFLD after PD with NAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome, liver samples were obtained from 10 patients with NAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome [fatty liver, n = 5; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), n = 5] by percutaneous ultrasonography-guided liver biopsy. Double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry was applied to examine CD14 expression as a marker of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitized macrophage cells (Kupffer cells) in liver biopsy specimens. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative NAFLD was 36.6% (30/82). Univariate analysis identified cancer of the pancreatic head, sex, diameter of the main pancreatic duct, and dissection of the nerve plexus as factors associated with the development of NAFLD after PD. Those patients who developed NAFLD after PD demonstrated significantly decreased levels of serum albumin, total protein, cholesterol and triglycerides compared to patients without NAFLD after PD, but no glucose intolerance or insulin resistance. Liver biopsy was performed in four patients with NAFLD after PD. All four patients showed moderate-to-severe steatosis and NASH was diagnosed in two. Numbers of cells positive for CD68 (a marker of Kupffer cells) and CD14 (a marker of LPS-sensitized Kupffer cells) were counted in all biopsy specimens. The number of CD68+ cells in specimens of NAFLD after PD was significantly increased from that in specimens of NAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome specimens, which indicated the presence of significantly more Kupffer cells in NAFLD after PD than in NAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome. Similarly, more CD14+ cells, namely, LPS-sensitized Kupffer cells, were observed in NAFLD after PD than in NAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome. Regarding NASH, more CD68+ cells and CD14+ cells were observed in NASH after PD specimens than in NASH associated with metabolic syndrome. This showed that more Kupffer cells and more LPS-sensitized Kupffer cells were present in NASH after PD than in NASH associated with metabolic syndrome. These observations suggest that after PD, Kupffer cells and LPS-sensitized Kupffer cells were significantly upregulated, not only in NASH, but also in simple fatty liver. CONCLUSION: NAFLD after PD is characterized by both malnutrition and the up-regulation of CD14 on Kupffer cells. Gut-derived endotoxin appears central to the development of NAFLD after PD. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatohDaisuke en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YagiTakahito en-aut-sei=Yagi en-aut-mei=Takahito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagasakaTakeshi en-aut-sei=Nagasaka en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinouraSusumu en-aut-sei=Shinoura en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=UmedaYuzo en-aut-sei=Umeda en-aut-mei=Yuzo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaRyuichi en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Ryuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=UtsumiMasashi en-aut-sei=Utsumi en-aut-mei=Masashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SadamoriHiroshi en-aut-sei=Sadamori en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraToshiyoshi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Toshiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease kn-keyword=Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease en-keyword=Pancreatoduodenectomy kn-keyword=Pancreatoduodenectomy en-keyword=CD14 kn-keyword=CD14 en-keyword=Endotoxin kn-keyword=Endotoxin en-keyword=Kupffer cells kn-keyword=Kupffer cells END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=20121126 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Mitochondrial Localization of ABC Transporter ABCG2 and Its Function in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Protoporphyrin IX Accumulation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in malignant cells is the basis of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy. We studied the expression of proteins that possibly affect ALA-mediated PpIX accumulation, namely oligopeptide transporter-1 and -2, ferrochelatase and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), in several tumor cell lines. Among these proteins, only ABCG2 correlated negatively with ALA-mediated PpIX accumulation. Both a subcellular fractionation study and confocal laser microscopic analysis revealed that ABCG2 was distributed not only in the plasma membrane but also intracellular organelles, including mitochondria. In addition, mitochondrial ABCG2 regulated the content of ALA-mediated PpIX in mitochondria, and Ko143, a specific inhibitor of ABCG2, enhanced mitochondrial PpIX accumulation. To clarify the possible roles of mitochondrial ABCG2, we characterized stably transfected-HEK (ST-HEK) cells overexpressing ABCG2. In these ST-HEK cells, functionally active ABCG2 was detected in mitochondria, and treatment with Ko143 increased ALA-mediated mitochondrial PpIX accumulation. Moreover, the mitochondria isolated from ST-HEK cells exported doxorubicin probably through ABCG2, because the export of doxorubicin was inhibited by Ko143. The susceptibility of ABCG2 distributed in mitochondria to proteinase K, endoglycosidase H and peptide-N-glycosidase F suggested that ABCG2 in mitochondrial fraction is modified by N-glycans and trafficked through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and finally localizes within the mitochondria. Thus, it was found that ABCG2 distributed in mitochondria is a functional transporter and that the mitochondrial ABCG2 regulates ALA-mediated PpIX level through PpIX export from mitochondria to the cytosol. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KobuchiHirotsugu en-aut-sei=Kobuchi en-aut-mei=Hirotsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriyaKoko en-aut-sei=Moriya en-aut-mei=Koko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OginoTetsuya en-aut-sei=Ogino en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaHirofumi en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueKeiji en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShuinTaro en-aut-sei=Shuin en-aut-mei=Taro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasudaTatsuji en-aut-sei=Yasuda en-aut-mei=Tatsuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=UtsumiKozo en-aut-sei=Utsumi en-aut-mei=Kozo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=UtsumiToshihiko en-aut-sei=Utsumi en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Dept Cell Chem, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Med affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Prefectural Univ, Dept Nursing Sci, Fac Hlth & Welf Sci affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Dept Cytol & Histol, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Kochi Med Sch, Dept Urol affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Kochi Med Sch, Dept Urol affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Dept Cell Chem, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Dept Cytol & Histol, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Med END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=20121213 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Developmental Trajectories of Body Mass Index Among Japanese Children and Impact of Maternal Factors during Pregnancy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background The aims of this study were to 1) determine the distinct patterns of body mass index (BMI) trajectories in Japanese children, and 2) elucidate the maternal factors during pregnancy, which contribute to the determination of those patterns. Methodology/Principal Findings All of the children (1,644 individuals) born in Koshu City, Japan, between 1991 and 1998 were followed in a longitudinal study exploring the subjects’ BMI. The BMI was calculated 11 times for each child between birth and 12 years of age. Exploratory latent class growth analyses were conducted to identify trajectory patterns of the BMI z-scores. The distribution of BMI trajectories were best characterized by a five-group model for boys and a six-group model for girls. The groups were named “stable thin,” “stable average,” “stable high average,” “progressive overweight,” and “progressive obesity” in both sexes; girls were allocated to an additional group called “progressive average.” Multinomial logistic regression found that maternal weight, smoking, and skipping breakfast during pregnancy were associated with children included in the progressive obesity pattern rather than the stable average pattern. These associations were stronger for boys than for girls. Conclusions/Significance Multiple developmental patterns in Japanese boys and girls were identified, some of which have not been identified in Western countries. Maternal BMI and some unfavorable behaviors during early pregnancy may impact a child’s pattern of body mass development. Further studies to explain the gender and regional differences that were identified are warranted, as these may be important for early life prevention of weight-associated health problems. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HagaChiyori en-aut-sei=Haga en-aut-mei=Chiyori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoNaoki en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiKohta en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Kohta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoMiri en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Miri kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndoDaisuke en-aut-sei=Ando en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokomichiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Yokomichi en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTaichiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Taichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamagataZentaro en-aut-sei=Yamagata en-aut-mei=Zentaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Dept Hlth Sci affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Dept Hlth Sci affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Dept Hlth Sci affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Dept Hlth Sci affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Natl Def Acad, Dept Phys Educ affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Dept Hlth Sci affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Toho Univ, Fac Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Dept Hlth Sci END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=409 end-page=416 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201209 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Monitoring of CA19-9 and SPan-1 can facilitate the earlier confirmation of progressing pancreatic cancer during chemotherapy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background: Measurement of objective response to chemotherapy using imaging modalities is sometimes difficult in pancreatic cancer (PC). We aimed to verify whether monitoring of serum tumor markers (TMs), namely carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, DUPAN-2, SPan-1, can facilitate earlier confirmation of treatment failure. Methods: Monitoring of serum TMs and computed tomography were performed every 4 weeks until progression of disease in 90 patients with PC undergoing gemcitabine therapy. In Group A (January 2006 October 2007), we analyzed the fluctuation rates of TMs with high pretreatment positive rates, and defined the criteria of progressive disease under TM monitoring (TM-PD). In Group B (November 2007 October 2008), we calculated the time to progression (TTP) under this TM-PD criteria, which was compared with the UP under the RECIST criteria. Results: CA19-9 and SPan-1 had the highest pretreatment positive rates: 83% and 90%, respectively. In Group A (CA19-9, n = 38; SPan-1, n = 36), TM-PD criteria were defined as follows: fluctuation rates were >25% for a month or >= 10% for 2 consecutive months in CA19-9, and >= 10% for a month in SPan-1. In Group B (CA19-9, n = 18; SPan-1, n = 17), under these criteria, one-month earlier confirmation of treatment failure was feasible in 61% by CA19-9 and 59% by SPan-1. Furthermore, the combination could facilitate this determination in 72% (35/49), significantly better than CA19-9 alone (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Monitoring of serum CA19-9 and Span-1 is helpful for earlier confirmation of treatment failure during gemcitabine therapy in PC. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsutsumiKoichiro en-aut-sei=Tsutsumi en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawamotoHirofumi en-aut-sei=Kawamoto en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiraoKen en-aut-sei=Hirao en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakakiharaIchiro en-aut-sei=Sakakihara en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoNaoki en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NomaYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Noma en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiMasakuni en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Masakuni kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoHironari en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Hironari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgawaTsuneyoshi en-aut-sei=Ogawa en-aut-mei=Tsuneyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshidaEtsuji en-aut-sei=Ishida en-aut-mei=Etsuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuwakiKenji en-aut-sei=Kuwaki en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=NousoKazuhiro en-aut-sei=Nouso en-aut-mei=Kazuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoKazuhide en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Kazuhide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kawasaki Med Univ, Dept Gen Internal Med 2 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City Hosp, Dept Internal Med affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City Hosp, Dept Internal Med affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Kurashiki Cent Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=13 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol affil-num=14 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol en-keyword=Pancreas kn-keyword=Pancreas en-keyword=Pancreatic cancer kn-keyword=Pancreatic cancer en-keyword=Tumor marker kn-keyword=Tumor marker en-keyword=Gemcitabine kn-keyword=Gemcitabine en-keyword=Diagnosis kn-keyword=Diagnosis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=1795 end-page=1802 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=JAK2-related pathway induces acquired erlotinib resistance in lung cancer cells harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor-activating mutation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib and erlotinib, are effective for non-small cell lung cancer with activating EGFR mutations. However, even in patients with an initial dramatic response to such a drug, acquired resistance develops after 612 similar to months. A secondary mutation of T790M in EGFR and amplification of the MET gene account for this resistance; however, the mechanism(s) of approximately 30% of acquired resistance cases remain unknown. We established an erlotinib-resistant lung cancer cell line named PC-9/ER3 that harbors an EGFR mutation after continuously exposing PC-9 cells to erlotinib. PC-9/ER3 cells were 136-fold more resistant to erlotinib than the parental cells. Although the PC-9/ER3 cells did not carry the T790M mutation or MET amplification and had similar levels of phosphorylated (p) STAT3, pJAK2 increased in the resistant cells. It was found in the present study that 312 similar to h of exposure to erlotinib in both cell lines did not affect pJAK2 expression, but did result in increased pSTAT3 expression. pAkt in PC-9/ER3 cells was less suppressed than in PC-9 cells, although pEGFR and pMAPK were markedly suppressed in both cell lines. The combined treatment of erlotinib plus a JAK2 inhibitor (JSI-124) suppressed pAkt in PC-9/ER3 cells. Similarly, the combination of erlotinib plus JSI-124 or siRNA against JAK2 restored sensitivity to erlotinib in PC-9/ER3 cells. The combination of erlotinib plus JSI-124 was also effective for reducing PC-9/ER3 tumors in a murine xenograft model. Our results suggest that the activation of JAK2 partially accounts for acquired erlotinib resistance.(Cancer Sci, doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02363.x, 2012) en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HaradaDaijiro en-aut-sei=Harada en-aut-mei=Daijiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakigawaNagio en-aut-sei=Takigawa en-aut-mei=Nagio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OchiNobuaki en-aut-sei=Ochi en-aut-mei=Nobuaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NinomiyaTakashi en-aut-sei=Ninomiya en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasugiMasayuki en-aut-sei=Yasugi en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuboToshio en-aut-sei=Kubo en-aut-mei=Toshio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaHiromasa en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Hiromasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchiharaEiki en-aut-sei=Ichihara en-aut-mei=Eiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhashiKadoaki en-aut-sei=Ohashi en-aut-mei=Kadoaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakataSaburo en-aut-sei=Takata en-aut-mei=Saburo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanimotoMitsune en-aut-sei=Tanimoto en-aut-mei=Mitsune kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=KiuraKatsuyuki en-aut-sei=Kiura en-aut-mei=Katsuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hematol Oncol & Resp Med affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kawasaki Med Univ, Dept Gen Internal Med 4 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hematol affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hematol Oncol & Resp Med affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hematol Oncol & Resp Med affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hematol Oncol & Resp Med affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hematol Oncol & Resp Med affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Hosp, Dept Resp Med affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hematol Oncol & Resp Med affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hematol Oncol & Resp Med affil-num=11 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hematol Oncol & Resp Med affil-num=12 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Hosp, Dept Resp Med END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=109 cd-vols= no-issue=234 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=5 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091009 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Bio-medical Term Extraction with Morpho-Syntactic Rules on Simple Rule Language kn-title=SRLを利用した規則ベースの感染症用語抽出 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Simple rule language, rule-based term extraction, bio-medical terms, Disease surveillance system Bio-medical term extraction is a key technology for a surveillance system of epidemic disease news from the Web. In the previous work we applied statistical learning model to extract terms from the Web site. The previous approach is good at extracting terms with high precision rates; however it is weak at extracting new terms that do not exist in the training data. Since we usually have new disease names a new term extraction approach with high coverage for unknown or low-frequent terms is needed. Recently, Simple rule Language (SRL), a rule-based word extraction language, is freely available. The SRL also has an developing environment called SRL editor. Thus we are constructing rules of bio-medical terms on the several language (such as English, Japanese, Thai and Vietnam) for the multilingual disease surveillance system. In this manuscript we confirm how we construct rules to extract Japanese bio-medical terms from Japanese news articles. kn-abstract=我々は感染症情報をWeb上から集めて提示するBioCasterシステムを構築している.感染症情報は各国のローカルニュースに速報が出ることが予測されることから英語のみならず日本語を含めたアジア言語での開発を進めている.核となる技術は感染症に関する用語を記事から見つける用語抽出であるが,既存の手法では学習データを利用した統計的学習モデルを利用して構築した.しかしながら,新たな病気など学習データに無い用語が現れた際うまく獲得できないことが予測されるため規則に基づく用語抽出システムの構築を行う.規則ベースで用語を抽出するシステムとしてSRL(Simple Rule Language)が公開されており,ユーザは語構成ならびに文脈を規則で記述することで用語を抽出できる.そこで本研究では感染症情報に必要な用語についてどのようにSRL上で定義できるかについて明らかにする. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShinnouTakashi en-aut-sei=Shinnou en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=新納貴志 kn-aut-sei=新納 kn-aut-mei=貴志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeuchiKoichi en-aut-sei=Takeuchi en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name=竹内孔一 kn-aut-sei=竹内 kn-aut-mei=孔一 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NigelCollier en-aut-sei=Nigel en-aut-mei=Collier kn-aut-name=ナイジェルコリアー kn-aut-sei=ナイジェル kn-aut-mei=コリアー aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学工学部情報工学科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=国立情報学研究所 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1623 end-page=1649 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1936 dt-pub=19360731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studien üer die Entwicklung der Harnblase bei den Schweineembryonen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Entstehung der primären Harnröhre und der Verschiebung der Mündungs-stelle der Wolff'schen Gänge kn-title=膀胱ノ發生學的研究附記.原始尿道ノ形成竝ニ輸尿管開口部ノ移動ニ就テ(豚胎兒ニ於ケル檢索) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Aus der Literatur kann man erkennen, dass sich die Studien über die Eutwicklung der Harnblase, welche schon von vielen Autoren ausgeführt wurden, nur auf die “ventrale und dorsale Aufteilung der Kloake” beschränkten und dass die durch diese Aufteilung entstandene ventrokraniale Kloakenpartie als Harnblasenanlage bezeichnet wurde. Obwohl Keibel und seine Anhänger behaupteten, dass sich die Harnblase aus der Kloake entwickelt, und Mihalcovics und seine Genossen die Meinung verfochten, dass sie von der Allantois entsteht, diskutieren sie doch miteinander, und zwar lediglich über die ursprüngliche Abhängigkeit der gauz identischeu Partie, der Allantoiswurzel, welche von Mihalcovics Allantoisschenkel und von Felix Kloakeuschenkel genannt wurde. Die Forschung über die weitere Entwickluug der Harnblase nach der Aufteilung der Kloake ist ganz veruachlässigt wurden; desbalb habe ich bei den Kaninhenembryonen genaueste Untersuchungen angestellt und die Ergebnisse schon in der Okayama-Igakkai-Zasshi Nr. 551 veröffentlicht. Ich habe die erste Anlage der Harnblase bei einem 14.0 mm laugen Kaninchenembryo am 15. Befruchtungstage in einer dem Nabel sehr naheliegenden Stelle des Urachus erscheinen gefunden, ihr einen Name, Urachussäckchen, Sacculus urachi (Ofuji), gegeben und über ihren weiteren Entwicklungszustand eingehend referiert. Da so viele Autoren die Allantoiswurzel als die Harnblasenaulage ansahen, so ist meine Theorie eine gauz neue, andersartige. Nun hatte ich neulich Gelegenheit, meine Arbeit noch einmal mit Schweineembryonen nachzuprüfen. Die Materialien, die mir zur Verfügung standen, sind teils von dem kostbaren Exemplare, welches mein verehrter Chef, Prof. J. Shikinami, von einer früheren Besichtigungsreise in Amerika mitbrachte, teils von meiner neuen Sammlung abhängig. Sie wurden in Zenker's Lösung oder Formol oder Formol-Alkohol fixiert, mit Borax-Karmin gefärbt, in Paraffin eingebettet und in 10μ oder 30μ dicke Schnittserien zerlegt. Mittelst des Edinger'schen Lichtapparates und nach dem Born-Peter'schen Verfahren wurden Wachsplattenmodelle von 75 oder 50 facher Vergrösserung dieses Serienpräparates rekonstruiert. Auf Grund der morphologischen Anschauung der Rekonstruktionsmodelle und der histologischen, mikroskopischen Beobachtung kann ich den folgenden, mit dem bei kaninchenembryonen erhaltenen fast übereinstimmenden Schluss ziehen und meine Theorie als eine ratiouelle bestimmen: 1) Die Harnblase entwickelt sich von einem der vorderen Bauchwand naheliegenden Urachusteil aus; ihre aufängliche Anlage, Urachussäckchen, Sacculus urachi (Ofuji), wind zum erstenmal bei einem Embryo von 14.0 mm Scheitel-Steiss-Läuge bemerkt. 2) Das Urachussäckchen dehnt sich ventral-, lateral- und noch stärker dorsalwärts aus, ninunt zugleich an Läuge allmählich kaudalwärts zu und bildet bei einem Embryo von 45.0 mm Sch. -St. -L. mit dem grössten im Leib des Embryo gelegenen Urachusteil einen 5.0 mm Längsdurchmesser aufweisenden spindelförmigen Beutel, der durch die Erhaltung der beiden Ureterinündungen in seinem Boden vüllig geformt wird 3) Demnach bildet die Harnblase zuerst den Scheitel, darn den Körper, endlich den Grund aus. 4) Ein sehr kleiner zwiscben dem Urachussäckchen und der vorderen Bauchwand liegeuder Urachusteil beteiligt sich nicht an der Bildung der Harnblase, er soll später durch Obliteration seines Lumens zunr Lig. umbilicale medium werden. 5) Bei einem Embryo von 17.0 mm Sch. -St. -L. entsteht die primäre Harnröhre (Urethra im engeren Sinne) durch die Ausdehnung des Allantoisschenkels. Sie befindet sich aufaugs kaudal von der Mündung des Wolff'schen Ganges, ihre untere Grenze lässt sich mit einer lateralen Ausbuchtung markieren, ihre obere Grenze aber ist unklar. 6) Gemass der Ausdehnung des Allantoisschenkels erweitert sich die Mundung des Wolff'schen Ganges kranialwarts; dann beginnt sie sich bei einem Embryo von 23.0mm Sch.-St.-L. kaudalwarts zu verschieden und infolgedessen bekommt der kaudale Ureterteil einen Bogen und eineu absteigenden Schenkel. 7) Der absteigende Schenkel des Ureters legt sich von unten nach oben an die laterale Wand des Allantoisschenkels an, und es entsteht eine neue Koinmunikation des Ureters mit dem Allantoisschenkel. 8) Da sich der Scheitelpunkt des kaudalen Ureterbogens kranialwarts bildet und die Kommunikation zwiscben dem Ureter und dem Allantoisschenkel auch nach oben steigt, so verschiebt sich die Uretermundung nach und each kranialwarts und erreicht bei einem Embryo von 45.0mm Sch.-St.-L. den Blasengrund. 9) Die Eutwicklung der Harnblase bei den Schweineembryonen ist ganz identisch mit derjenigen bei den Kaninchenembryonen, aber der Entstehungsprocess der primaren Harnrohre und der Verschiebungszustand der Uretermundung sind bei diesen beiden Saugetieren sehr verschieden voneinander. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OfujiToshiharu en-aut-sei=Ofuji en-aut-mei=Toshiharu kn-aut-name=大藤利治 kn-aut-sei=大藤 kn-aut-mei=利治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學解剖學教室胎生學研究室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=37 cd-vols= no-issue=431 article-no= start-page=1281 end-page=1308 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1925 dt-pub=19251231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Origin of "Tâches laiteuses", in Addition: The Formation of the Net-meshes in Omentum kn-title=大網乳斑ノ發生ニ關スル研究 附. 大網々眼ノ成立機轉ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the preceding paper on the milk-spots of omentum of rabbit, I concluded that in the mesothelial cell-layer of the milk-spots there exist the peculiar epithelioid cells (histiocytes) and apertures, and also affirmed that the majority of the epithelioid cells are penetrating the mesothelial cell-layer to regain their position in the milk-spots from the peritoneal cavity. From this fact, I cannot agree with the views of Renaut and Goldmann-"Diese Zelle (Histiozyt) wandert nicht aus der serösen Höhlen in das Netz, um hier tâches laiteuses aufzubauen, die Wanderung ist vielmehr eine umgekehrte". Elaborating upon my view, the mother cells which bring forth the milk-spots also may be considered to be the similar cells reappeared as above mentioned. To investigate the above subject, this study was experimentally done. In addition, the developmental process of the four groups of milk-spots (Follicular, adventitial, mixed and solitary form by the author) was also investigated. Concerning to the development of the omentum, there are two important questions hitherto discussed, namely: the one is the formation of the net-meshes in omentum: the other is Ranvier's cellules vasoformatives et sanguiformatives, and these matters were also some illustrated in this paper. However, the latter question, relating to the system of the blood-vessels was here limited to its objective observation only and its detail will be carried out in another paper. Conclusions:- 1. The mother cells of the milk-spots may probably be those cells which once emigrated from the peritoneum into the abdominal cavity and then deposit on the surface of the omentum. 2. The mother cells are grouped or disseminated on the surface of the omentum and form the milk-spots, having depositted deeper and deeper into the omental tissue. However, the adveventitial milk-spots may be built partly by the adventitia-cells which have existed embryonally in the omentum. 3. The milk-spots will be developped by means of mitotic cell-division of the mother cells and by the continuous deposition of the large mononuclear wandering cells from the abdominal cavity. 4. In the beginning of the development of milk-spots, all of them, excluding the adventitial form, belong to the solitary form, and after a little while some of the solitary form are supplied with blood-vessels and consequently they become the follicular form. The follicular form developed along the relatively large bloog-vessel will become a mixed form, combining with the adventitial form. 5. Considering the origin of the milk-spots, I cannot quite agree with Renaut's classification hitherto used. 6. The formation of the net-meshes in omentum of rat is originated from the necrosis or falling of the nuclei of the mesothelial cells and Auerbach's "Schaltplättchen". en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HamazakiYukio en-aut-sei=Hamazaki en-aut-mei=Yukio kn-aut-name=濱崎幸雄 kn-aut-sei=濱崎 kn-aut-mei=幸雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學病理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=39 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=1826 end-page=1868 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1927 dt-pub=19271130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Über den Deitersschen Kern beim Vogel kn-title=鳥類ニ於ケルDeiters氏核ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Um die Verbindungen verschiedener Teile des in Überschrrift stehenden Kerns mit anderen Zentralgebieten beim Vogel zu ermitteln hat der Verfasser folgende Versuche bei Hühnern ausgeführt: 1. Zerstörung des linken Deiterschen Kerns, besonders seines oralen Abschnittes (Fig.1). 2. Zerstörung der ventrocaudalen Partie des rechten Deitersschen Kerns (Fig. 11). 3. Zerstörung des Flocculus mit dem fast ganzen Teile des lateralen Kleinhirnkerns, sowie mit einem Abschnitte des medialen Kleinhirnkerns auf der rechten Seite (Fig. 12). 4. Verletzung der lateralen Partie des linken hinteren Längsbündels in der Höhe des Trochleariskerns (Fig. 13). 5. Verletzung der medialen Partie desselben Bündels in derselben Höhe (Fig. 17). 6. Durchschneidung des Hirnstammes in dorso- ventraler Richtung an der linken Seite des hinteren Längsbündels, und zwar in der Höhe des Oculomotorius- und Trochleariskerns (Fig. 18). 7. Zerstörung des linken lateralen Kleinhirnkerns (Fig. 19). 8. Zerstörung der lateralen Partie des linken Vorderstranges im Niveau des unteren Endes der Medulla oblongata (Fig. 20). 9. Fast totale Zerstörung des rechten Vorderstranges im oberen Abschnitt des Halsmarks (Fig. 21). 10. Zerstörung der mittleren Partie des linken Seitenstranges in der Höhe des unteren Endes der Medulla oblongata, sowie in der Höhe des oberen Abschnittes des Halsmarks (Fig. 28). 11. Zerstörung der lateralen Partie des rechten Seitenstranges im oberen Abschnitte des Halsmarks (Fig. 29). 12. Durchbrechung der medialen Partie des rechten Seitenstranges im oberen Halsmarke (Fig. 30). 13. Sagittale Durchschneidung des Kleinhirns auf der rechten Seite mit Beschädigung der dorsalen Partie des rechten medialen Kleinhirnkerns (Fig. 33). 14. Sagittale Durchschneidung des Kleinhirns auf der linken Seite mit einer bedeutenden Beschädigung des linken medialen Kleinhirnkerns (Fig. 34). 15. Zerstörung der dorsooralen Partie des Deitersschen Kerns und der grauen Kleinhirnkerne auf der linken Seite (Fig. 35). 16. Verletzung der ventrocaudalen Partie des linken Deitersschen Kerns (Fig. 36). Die Befunde der 1-3 Versuche wurden mit der Marchischen Methode untersucht, während die der anderen nach Nissl erforscht wurden. Daraus ergibt sich folgendes: a. Beim Huhn ziehen keine Fasern vom Deitersschen Kern nach dem Kleinhirn. b. Beim Huhn gibt es keine Kommissurenfasern zwischen beiden Deitersschen Kernen. c. Die aufsteigenden Fasern aus dem Deitersschen Kern verlaufen beim Huhn alle in den hinteren Längsbündeln und endigen in den Trochlearis- und Oculomotoriuskernen (Fig. 2 u. 3). Sie sind teils gekreuzte, teils ungekreuzte, wenn auch die ersteren die Oberhand haben. Diese gekreuzten Fasern erreichen das proximale Ende des Okulomotoriuskerns, während die ungekreuzten schon in der mittleren Höhe des betreffenden Kerns verschwinden. Verglichen mit den absteigenden Deitersschen Fasern in den hinteren Längsbündeln sind die aufsteigenden weniger zahlreich. Diese entspringen mehr aus der ventralen Partie, besonders aus dem ventrolateralen Abschnitte des Deitersschen Kerns als aus dem dorsalen Kernteile. d. Die absteigenden Deitersschen Fasern in den hinteren Längsbündeln (Fig. 4 u. 5) sind beim Huhne ebenfalls teils gekreuzte, teils ungekreuzte, welch letztere übrigens weniger zahlreicher sind. Die gekreuzten entspringen der Hauptsache nach aus dem dorsalen Gebiete des Deitersschen Kerns, obwohl ihr Ursprung aus dem ventralen Kernteile nicht auszuschliessen ist. Sie begeben sich als Bogenfasern nach dem gegenüberliegenden hinteren Längsbündel, wo sie sich spinalwärts umbiegen, um den Vorderstrang des Halsmarks zu erreichen (Fig. 6). Dabei vermindern sie sich nach und nach, so dass man sie in der mittleren Höhe der Halsanschwellung nur spärlich vorfindet (Fig. 7) und im Niveau des caudalen Endes der Anschwellung ganz aus dem Gesicht verliert. Die ungekreuzten absteigenden Fasern im hinteren Längsbündel sind weniger zahlreich als die gekreuzten und entstammen hauptsächlich dem ventrocaudalen Abschnitt des Deitersschen Kerns. Sie ziehen durch den Abducenskern hindurch nach dem gleichseitigen hinteren Längsbündel, um dann eine absteigende Richtung einzuschlagen, wobei sie den genannten Kern mit Fäserchen versorgen. Beim Absteigen verschieben sie sich ventralwärts und gelangen zum prädorsalen Längsbündel (Fig. 4 u. 5). In der Höhe des unteren Endes der Medulla oblongata und im oberen Halsmark vermischen sie sich mit den lateralen absteigenden Fasern aus dem Deitersschen Kern (Fig. 5), so dass man ihr caudales Ende nicht genau bestimmen kann. e. Die lateralen absteigenden Fasern aus dem Deitersschen Kern sind beim Huhn alle ungekreuzte und sehr zahlreich. Sie entspringen aus allen Gebieten des Kerns, aber hauptsächlich aus seinem ventralen Abschnitte, insbesondere aus dem Nucleus ventralis lateralis Deitersi, und biegen sich in der Formatio reticulalis, u. z. hauptsächlich in ihrer dorsalen Partie nach spinalwärts um (Fig. 4). Beim Absteigen verbreiten sie sich ventromedialwärts (Fig. 5), um in der Höhe des unteren Endes der Medulla oblongata und im oberen Halsmark teilweise mit den Deitersschen Fasern im prädorsalen Längsbündel sich zu vermischen. Im Halsmark finden sie sich zuerst etwas zerstreut im fast ganzen Gebiete des Vorderseitenstranges (Fig. 6), aber sie versammeln sich in ihrem weiteren Verlauf ventromedialwärts, so dass sie schon im unteren Halsmark grösstenteils im Vorderstrang lokaliesiert sind (Fig. 7). Im Vorderstrang steigen sie weit nach caudalwärts ab (Fig. 8), so dass man ihr Ende erst in der Höhe des mittleren Sacralmars findet (Fig. 9). Um den Verlauf der genannten Bahnen und ihre Ursprungsstellen übersichtlich zu zeigen, gebe ich eine schematische Figur. f. Bezüglich der Einteilung des Deitersschen Kerns schliesse ich mich im allgemeinen an Bartels, nur dass ich die von Bartels einfach als Nucleus vestibularis angegcbene Zellengruppe besser als Nucleus ventralis parvicellularis Deitersi bezeichnen möchte, da der Name "Vestibularkern" leicht verwechselt wird. Eine Gruppe kleiner Zellen, welche an der medialen Seite des Nucleus dorsalis medius Deitersi liegt, halte ich für den Kern, welchen Kappers als Nucleus vestibulocerebellaris bezeichnet. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuwabaraTadasu en-aut-sei=Kuwabara en-aut-mei=Tadasu kn-aut-name=桑原弼 kn-aut-sei=桑原 kn-aut-mei=弼 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學解剖學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=39 cd-vols= no-issue=444 article-no= start-page=124 end-page=132 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1927 dt-pub=19270131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The geographical distribution of the first intermediate host, "Bythinia striatula var. Japonica", in Okayama prefecture kn-title=岡山縣下ニ於ケル肝臟「ヂストマ」第一中間宿主「マメタニシ」ノ分布ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to determine the infected or susceptible areas from Clonorchis sinensis, the author has, during the past one and a half years, investigated the geographical distribution of Bythiniae, covering 266 different towns and villages out of 398 in the whole prefecture, and come to the following conclusions:- 1. The area in which Bythiniae live is the south-western part of the prefecture, i. e., along the down-streams of the three largest rivers; the area is oblong, its diameter being about 60 k. m. from east to west and about 16 k. m. from south to north. Across this area runs the Sanyo Railway Line. The north, east and south boundaries are surrounded by a doubtful zone of about 4 k. m. in width, while the west boundary reaches to a slightly affected area of the neighbouring prefecture, Hiroshima. The severely infected region, located nearly centrally, is a lowland of clayey soil along the shore of the Kojima Bay, with many canals in which the water flows very slowly or is rather stagnant. In these canals, there are many kinds of water plants growing abundantly, and there can be seen numberless fresh-water fish such as Pseudorasbora parva living. The most severely affected area lies within about 3 k. m. from the shore. In this district, it is not difficult, during the summer time, to catch several hundreds of Bythiniae by a few scoops of a net having a diameter of two-thirds of one meter. 2. The density of Bythiniae is nearly in inverse proportion to the distance from the severest center. On the contrary, it is nearly in direct proportion to the number of Clonorchis cysts in a second intermediate host, and to the number of cases of the fluke carriers, and furthermore to the extent of clayey soil, and accordingly to the activity of rush cultivation, the cultivation being made practically in clayey soil. The original paper contains the outline map, the explanation of which will be: Dotted………………doubtful zone Lined………………slight or moderate zone Cross-lined…………severe zone Black triangle……name of county ◎……………………city of Okayama en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NaganoKanji en-aut-sei=Nagano en-aut-mei=Kanji kn-aut-name=長野寛治 kn-aut-sei=長野 kn-aut-mei=寛治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學解剖學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1807 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=319 end-page=325 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=201103 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Roles of PsbI and PsbM in photosystem II dimer formation and stability studied by deletion mutagenesis and X-ray crystallography en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=PsbM and PsbI are two low molecular weight subunits of photosystem II (PSII), with PsbM being located in the center, and PsbI in the periphery, of the PSII dimer. In order to study the functions of these two subunits from a structural point of view, we crystallized and analyzed the crystal structure of PSII dimers from two mutants lacking either PsbM or PsbI. Our results confirmed the location of these two subunits in the current crystal structure, as well as their absence in the respective mutants. The relative contents of PSII dimers were found to be decreased in both mutants, with a concomitant increase in the amount of PSII monomers, suggesting a destabilization of PSII dimers in both of the mutants. On the other hand, the accumulation level of the overall PSII complexes in the two mutants was similar to that in the wild-type strain. Treatment of purified PSII dimers with lauryldimethylamine N-oxide at an elevated temperature preferentially disintegrated the dimers from the PsbM deletion mutant into monomers and CP43-less monomers, whereas no significant degradation of the dimers was observed from the PsbI deletion mutant. These results indicate that although both PsbM and PsbI are required for the efficient formation and stability of PSII dimers in vivo, they have different roles, namely, PsbM is required directly for the formation of dimers and its absence led to the instability of the dimers accumulated. On the other hand, PsbI is required in the assembly process of PSII dimers in vivo; once the dimers are formed, PsbI was no longer required for its stability. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawakamiKeisuke en-aut-sei=Kawakami en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UmenaYasufumi en-aut-sei=Umena en-aut-mei=Yasufumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwaiMasako en-aut-sei=Iwai en-aut-mei=Masako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawabataYousuke en-aut-sei=Kawabata en-aut-mei=Yousuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkeuchiMasahiko en-aut-sei=Ikeuchi en-aut-mei=Masahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamiyaNobuo en-aut-sei=Kamiya en-aut-mei=Nobuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShenJian-Ren en-aut-sei=Shen en-aut-mei=Jian-Ren kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Faculty of Science, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Faculty of Science, Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Faculty of Science, Okayama University en-keyword=Photosystem II kn-keyword=Photosystem II en-keyword=Mutant kn-keyword=Mutant en-keyword=Crystal structure kn-keyword=Crystal structure en-keyword=PsbM kn-keyword=PsbM en-keyword=PsbI kn-keyword=PsbI en-keyword=Oxygen evolution kn-keyword=Oxygen evolution END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1349 end-page=1382 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1928 dt-pub=19280731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Cercaria of Schistosoma japonicum Katsurada kn-title=日本住血吸蟲ノ「ツェルカリア」ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The auther has made a careful and detailed studies of the characters of the cercaria of Schistosoma japonicum and summaried as follows: 1. It was unable to demonstrate “size dimorphism between the sexes” which was suggested by Cort from his studies on an eye-spotted non-mammalian schistosome, in spite of most careful measurements of a large number of cercariae from many infested snails. 2. Beneath the circular and longitudinal musle layers is found a layer of diagonal muscle in the anterior half of the bodywall. 3. There are certain numbers of sensory organ (a process with a delicate hair) on the surface of the body and tail. 4. There are four retractor muscle bands in the anterior tip of the body. 5. A pair of granular cell groups which lie in the posterior region of the body of young cercaria remove into anterior body region (anterior organ) at all once at the time the cercaria is almost developed, and from characteristic sacs-a sort of syncytium. These sacs are namely “head gland” (of Narabayashi). But they have no function of secretion at all; it seems highly probable that they function mechanically to assist the penetration of the cercaria into the final host as a auxiliary apparatus of pushing out of the fore part of the anterior body region in cooperation with the boundary muscle. By above-mentioned views I wish to propose the name “head sac” instead of “head gland”. 6. Three pairs of retractor muscle bands radiate from the proximal region of the ventral sucker to the dorsal side of the body, where they are inserted. 7. From each ganglion two nerve stems run dorsally and ventrally, and each of them directly bifurcates into anterior and posterior nerve strands, which run respectively to the both ends of the body. 8. Two distinct type of movements, peristalsis and rythmic segmentation, are observed on the oesophagus. 9. Two special flame cells are recognized instead of the cilia which described by Cort as “ciliated area”, in the beginning part of each main collecting tube. 10. The ducts of poison glands (penetration gland) are fixed in x-shape by three pairs of muscle bands on the level of the ganglion. 11. Each opening of the poison glands has hair bush, which act probably as a closing apparatus. 12. There are definite morphological and microchemical distinctions between an anterior (2 pairs) and posterior (3 pairs) group of poison glands. 13. Five pairs of head spines (anterior spine) are found on the anterior tip of the body: three of them on the dorsal side and two (much smaller than the former) of them on the ventral side. Opposite to the Faust's description, each of head spines is not hollow in the center and does not cap the opening of the poison gland. 14. In the main stem of the tail are found circular, longitudinal and diagonal muscle layers. 15. The tail furcae take two distinct manners at swimming: 1) at body forward the furcae close together and agree with the axis of the tail-stem; 2) at tail forward the furcae open separately and make right angles to the tail-stem. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiShozo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=高橋昌造 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=昌造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1158 end-page=1163 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1928 dt-pub=19280630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Supplement of the views on the Secret Granules of the Paneth's Cells kn-title=Paneth氏細胞ノ分泌顆粒ニ關スル知見補遺 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The Paneth's Cells are special Gland Cells that lie at the bottom of the glands of Lieberkühn in the small intestine of some kinds of mammalia, and that have the peculiarity of containing refractive gross Secret Granules in their Cytoplasma. With reference to the shape of the Secret Granules of the Paneth's Cells, many savants (Paneth, Klein, Trautemann, Kull, & Tang etc., ) conclude it spherical, but others such as Nicolas, Möller, Tang, acknowledge that semi-spherical and irregular-shaped Secret Granules exist besides spherical ones. According to the theory of Nicolas, Paneth, Möller, & Kull, large Granules are the growth and swelling of small ones, and also Möller, Miran, Chuma state that Granules melt down, and form large homogeneous lump. But as to its Transitional Form, any detailed statements are not yet made. This is the reason that has made it the subject of my investigations. I adopted, as the material of my above study, chiefly the small intestine of the Mouse, and also of Man, Monkey, Rabbit, Guinea pig and Rat. As the results of the experimental study, I have reached the following conclusions: - 1. Most of the Secret Granules of the Paneth's Cells are homogenous spherical and similar-spherical in shape, but still very often irregular shaped Granules are found. 2. There is each Transitional Form between middle-large or large Secret Granules of net-meshes that is very often noticed, and a series of several small Granules, and also among large homogeneous Granules: namely, the growth of Secret Granules is not only due to the growth of small Granules themselves, but also to the congregation of small many Granules. 3. Secret Granules are to be considered, as Möller, and Trautemann concludes, that they are evacuated in the Glandspace in forms of Granules, and then liquefy and disappear. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawamuraTsukumo en-aut-sei=Kawamura en-aut-mei=Tsukumo kn-aut-name=河村九十九 kn-aut-sei=河村 kn-aut-mei=九十九 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學病理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2687 end-page=2755 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19291231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Life-history of Metagonimus yokogawai, a New Species of Metagonimus and Exorchis major kn-title=Metagonimus yokogawai, Metagonimusノ1新種及ビExorchis majorノ發育史ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Prof. Dr. M. Suzuki hold the opinion that the so-called Metagonimus yokogawai includes two different species, the one containing the smaller eggs in its uterus and the other the larger ones. He named the latter species temporarily “Large egg type of Metagonimus”, and differentiated it from the former (proper Metagonimus yokogawai). Under guidance of the professor, the author made the investigations on the morphologie and life-history of the above-mentioned two species of Metagonimus, and came to the following results: 1) Many adult worms of Metagonimus yokogawai were found in the intestines of a certain animals fed on Plecoglossus altivelis. 2) Many adult worms of so-called “Large egg type of Metagonimus” were found in the similar animals fed on each one of the following fishes: Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, pseudorasbora parva, Parasilurus asotus and Mugil cephalus. 3) The so-called “Large egg type of Metagonimus” differs from the other species of Metagonimus ever described such as M. ovatus, M. romanicus, and M. dobrogensis in regards mainly to the following points: a) The posterior ends of the both vitellaria of this new species are located very closely each other in the posterior end of the body. b) The eggs of this new species are larger than those of the other species of Metagonimus [0.033 (0.030-0.036): 0.021 (0.018-0.023) mm]. 4) Having examined the structure of the cercariae which are found in the liver of Thiára (Melania) libertina Gould and belong to the “Cercaria A of Cercaria fulvopunctata group (by Kobayashi's classification)”, the author found that they are not of single species but include three different species of cercaria. The author gave the name “Cercaria A(1) (Taf. I), Cercaria A(2) (Taf. VIII) and Cercaria A(3) (Taf. IV)” to these three species of cercaria respectively. The morphological differences in these three species are chiefly those of the size of the body and tail, the clor of the body, the size and color of the eyespots and the number of the oral spines. 5) As to the life-history of these three species of cercaria, the author confirmed experimentally the following facts: a) The “Cercaria A1” encysts itself in the gold-fish or Carassius auratus readily, and the encysted larvae ingested by a certain animals further deevrop into adult worms of so-called “Large egg type of Metagonimus”, b) The “Cercaria A(3)” encysts itself in the fins and scales of Plecoglossus altivelis readily, and the encysted larvae develop into adult worms of Metagonimus yokogawai in the similar animals. c) It was extremely difficult to induce the infection of the “Cercaria A1” to the Plecoglossus altivelis, as well the infection of the “Cercaria A(3)” to the gold-fish or Carassius auratus. d) The “Cercaria A(2)” encysts in the gold-fish or Carassius auratus, and the encysted larvae develop into Exorchis maior Hasegawa in the intestine of Parasilurus asotus. 6) The above-mentioned differences between Cercaria A1 and Cercaria A3 in regards to the morphological and biological data prove the fact that the so-called “Large egg type of Metagonimus” is quite different from M. yokogawai. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiShozo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=高橋昌造 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=昌造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1502 end-page=1513 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19290731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Eggs of several Kinds of Intestinal Trematodes, which resemble that of Clonorchis sinensis, especially the Eggs of Stellantchasmus falcatus and Pygidiopsis summus found in Human Stools With a Supplement on the Examinations of the Helminthic Parasites of the Dogs and Cats in Okayama Prefecture kn-title=肝臟「ヂストマ」ノ卵子ニ類似スル諸種ノ腸寄生吸蟲卵子, 特ニ吾人ノ糞便内ニ見ラレタルStellantchasmus falcatus及ビPygidiopsis summusノソレニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The auther examined the distribution of the helminthic parasites, especially intestinal trematodes of man and domestic animals in Okayama district, and came to the following results: (1 The eggs of Stellantchasmus falcatus were found at 1.5 per. cent. and Pygidiopsis summus at 0.3 per. cent. in the stools of the natives of Okayama district. No human case of these trematodes has yet been recorded in Japan, owing probabely to the fact that the eggs of these trematodes resemble closely those of Clonorchis sinensis. 2) By stool-examination or section were found the eggs resp. worms of Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, Metagonimus yokogawai, *a new species of Metagonimus, Heterophyes nocens, Pygidiopsis summus, Cornatrium fuscatum, Stephanopirumus longus, Echinochasmus perfoliatus and Lepoderma muris in the dogs, and those of Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, *a new species of Metagonimus, Heterophyes nocens, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Echinochasmus perfoliatus und Echinochasmus japonicus in the cats in Okayama Prefecture. 3) It was confirmed by feeding-examination that Mugil cephalus in Okayama district were infested with the encysted larvae of Stellantchasmus falcatus, Pygidiopsis, summus, *a new species of Metagonimus etc., Pseudorasbora parva with those of Clonorchis sinensis, Cornatrium fuscatum, *a new species of Metagonimus etc. and Acheilognathus lanceolatum with those of Clonorchis sinensis, Heterophyes nocens, Echinochasmus perfoliatus etc. The original paper containes a comparative table and microphotographs of the eggs of Clonorchis sinensis, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Pygidiopsis summus, Heterophyes nocens, Metagonimus yokogawai and *a new species of Metagonimus. *This new species will be named Metagonimus takahashii n. sp. by prof. M. Suzuki. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiShozo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=高橋昌造 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=昌造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=137 end-page=152 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19290131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the resisting power of spirochaete recurrens to the temperature, light and darkness kn-title=再歸熱「スピロヘータ」ト温度竝ニ明暗ノ關係ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The following facts were obtained by experiments about the relation between the inoculated mice or spirochaete recurrens and the temperature, light and darkness: 1) The length of the incubation period varies in accordance with the condition of the inoculated mice with spirochaete recurrens, that is in case it is heated (33-36°C), or refrigerated (6-8°C), or kept in the sunshine, in the darkness and in the room. 2) When heated, the incubation period is shorter than any other case, and when refrigerated, it is the longest of all. The mice being kept in the room or in the dark room, the incubation period is nearly the same. When the mice is exposed in the sunshine, the period seems to be longer than the experiment in the dark room on many occasions. 3) Spirochaete recurrens itself has a certain resisting power to the temperature, darkness and light; namely, its resistance is weak to the high temperature and sunshine but it has the longest life in the room. To the refrigeration its resistance is comparatively strong. 4) In the experiment of the inoculated mice, the increase of spirochaete is comparatively remarkable, in case the mice is heated. On the other hand, the increase is slow when refrigerated. As for me, in the spirochaete recurrens experiment the resistance is weak when heated, and strong when refrigerated. Thus, the result of the inoculated experiment apparently seems to be contrary to the spirochaete recurrens. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurayamaIseo en-aut-sei=Murayama en-aut-mei=Iseo kn-aut-name=村山五瀬男 kn-aut-sei=村山 kn-aut-mei=五瀬男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學皮膚科泌尿器科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=837 end-page=850 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1930 dt-pub=19300430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Some experimental studies on Memory in Japanese school children kn-title=學童ノ記憶ニ關スルー實驗ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The experiment with the above object was performed on 77 boys and 61 girls in the sixth year class (11-12 years old) of Ako primary school for 4 months. The memory was examined with 10 series of vocabularies and 8 series of numbers. The following results were obtained. 1) The auditory memory of girls was generally superior to that of boys; it was especially the case with regard to memorising numbers. 2) The coefficient of recall increased with repetition, viz., the coefficient was greater at the second time of recalling than the first, the third time still greater. 3) There is some difference in the memory capacity of the two sexes; namely, girls showed greater ability in memorising numbers than vocabulary, but boys showed no remarkable difference in either. 4) The first and the last items in one series were more easily recollected than the intermediate ones and this was still true after the lapse of a long interval of time. Mistakes in order occurred more frequently in the middle of one series. 5) Mistakes due to transposition of items in the series were most frequent. 6) Forgetting was a less frequent cause of error than transposition, and the introduction of wrong words into a series, the least noticeable of all. 7) There appeared to be little correlation between the powers of the memory and the marks gained in lessons. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YosizumiSeiiti en-aut-sei=Yosizumi en-aut-mei=Seiiti kn-aut-name=吉栖生一 kn-aut-sei=吉栖 kn-aut-mei=生一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=25 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=35 end-page=41 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=200903 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Possibility that acupuncture & moxibustion is useful for animal's health kn-title=鋸灸療法が動物の健康に役立つ可能性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is thought that it appears in Central Asia in the form at the Stone Age, and it was brought by China in the future. Document extremely old one origin 「Kotei Daikyo」 described in 475-221 age of B.C. Acupuncture is remarkably accomplished development, and succeeds in the acupuncture anesthetizing in 1958 in 206-220 years, ages of B.C., and three country ages (220-280 years) following it. A big reform was performed to the idea of the acupuncture treatment of the past. It is said that the history of the acupuncture treatment in Japan was told our country from the continent by Mr.Tomonori for 561 years (Asuka age). My country old medicine book recorded 「Ishinpo」 edited by Yasunori Tanba. The glory of the acupuncture treatment is received in 1616-1867 years and Edo period. It became the Meiji age when 1610-1694 Mr. Waichi Sugiyama established the sect named the Sugiyama style, and Western medicine became the main current of the medicine with the import of the West civilization. Our country veterinary science area acupuncture treatment application history Mr. Ijin Kansai at Zui age book obviously veterinarian acupuncture & moxibustion for book in China acupuncture and moxibustion therapy do prove Animal acupuncture and moxibustion therapy treat book 「Bakei Taizen」 is famous. 「Bakei Taizen」 is exhibited in this Morinomiya Medical Technological school museum. Recently, the Acupuncture & Moxibustion is coming to be taken also to the Veterinarian clinical widely in daily life. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KurabayashiYuzuru en-aut-sei=Kurabayashi en-aut-mei=Yuzuru kn-aut-name=倉林譲 kn-aut-sei=倉林 kn-aut-mei=譲 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=森ノ宮医療大学保健医療学部鍍灸学科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=12 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1930 dt-pub=19300131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the quantitative changes of dispersion of blood-platelets kn-title=血小板ノ分布性量的移動ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Researching into the condition of dispersion of blood-platelets in blood-vessels, the following results were obtained. 1) In the case of a normal rabbit, an injection of adrenalin caused a remarkable increase of blood-platelets as well as of white blood corpuscles, but after. splenectomy, this increase did not occur. 2) When atropin was injected, the number of blood-platelets decreased proportion-ately with the decrease of the white blood corpuscles. 3) An increase of blood-platelets was also demonstrable after administration of milk, presenting a condition which bore a resemblance to leucocytosis by digestion. But after splenectomy, administration of milk did not induce the increase of white blood corpuscles. In this case the number of blood-platelets also tended to decrease. 4) After the operation of cutting the vagus nerves at the cervix, white blood corpus-cles as well as blood-platelets decreased in the peripheral blood-vessels, and in the spleen, the blood-platelets of the veins showed a greater increase than those of the arteries; this indicated that there was some difference from normal conditions. In this case, no increase of white blood corpuscles and of blood-platelets by digestion was observed in the peripheral vessels. The quantitative relation of these blood corpuscles in the splenic vessels remains constant (Namely, there are more blood corpuscles in the veins than in the arteries, ) not only in the normal condition but also after cutting vagus nerves. 5) After cutting the cervical cord, a remarkable decrease of white blood corpuscles and of blood-platelets in the peripheral vessels was observed, and the splenic arteries and veins showed some difference from their normal condition, namely, there were more blood-platelets and red blood corpuscles in the splenic veins than in the splenic arteries. In this case the changes by digestion, which were so remarkable in normal conditions, did not occur in any blood vessels. In fine, it was concluded that the blood-platelets and white blood corpuscles undergo a common numerical change, and that the division of the former platelet is modified by the abnormal function of the autonomic nervous system. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsunashimaYoshito en-aut-sei=Tsunashima en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name=綱島義人 kn-aut-sei=綱島 kn-aut-mei=義人 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshinakaKashio en-aut-sei=Yoshinaka en-aut-mei=Kashio kn-aut-name=吉中佳辰夫 kn-aut-sei=吉中 kn-aut-mei=佳辰夫 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學柿沼内科教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學柿沼内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=2567 end-page=2598 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1932 dt-pub=19321031 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The significance of the reticulo-endothelial system relating the experimental cause of the formation of liver cirrhosis; especially that of spleen-hormone kn-title=實驗的肝硬變症成因ニ對スル綱状織内被細胞系ノ意義 特ニ脾「ホルモン」トノ關係 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Many kind of researches have been made for the cause of the formation of liver cirrhosis and recently the relation between the spleen and the cause has been the subject of discussion. But there are many points that are not come to light yet. The author has made an investigation about the significance of the reticulo-endothelial system and spleen-hormone relating the rise of this disease. By looking ober the experimental methods of study that have been made, he can divide them in to four classes:- 1. To put in various kinds of medicines. 2. To give special or one and the same kind of food for a long time. 3. The bile duct and ligature of the veins that enter and leave. 4. To give bacteria and their products. As inflammatory poisons, among other things, alcohol, chloroform, phosphorus, arsenic, tar, adrenalinemia, decoction of tobacco-leaves, antimony arsenite, and etc. have been used for a long time. But lately it is reported that carbon tetrachloride was used to give rise to liver cirrhosis. Mr. Midorikawa injected 0.05cc. carbon tetrachloride as the quantity for a day into rabbits respectively for dozens of times over and made the image of liver cirrhosis in the liver. Mr. Paul Ramson, and Mr. Kubo have reported that they got the same result. As for the author, he injected 0.6cc. oleum olivarum which contains 20% of carbon tetrachloride per kilogram weight of body respectively into the male rabbits weighing some 1.5kg. each and accomplished the study. Experiment I.To research for the significance of the general reticulo-endothelial system in relation to the cause of this disease, first he made an experiment of reticulo-endothelial blocking that is to say, he made 1% collargol solution by Mr. Amano's method; and injected 0 65cc. of it into each rabbit through their ears' veins per kilogram weight of body. After that he detected the ebb and flow of reticulo-endothelial function for same days by using trypanblue solution by Mr. Adler-Reimann's method. This experiment made it sure that the quantity of collargol which was used in it reduced the function to the weakest state next day and it recovered 3 as usual after 14days.Thus given two groups of stout rabbit were used in this experiment. The first group were injected with collargol solution and next day with carbon-tetrachloride. Into the second group he injected carbon-tetrachloride first and collargol solution next day. After four days killed them all, he extirpated their livers, fitted them with 10% formalin solution, made cutting preparation gave various dyeing to them and detected the change of the disease.The result. of the experiment shows apparently addifference between the results of the two groups; that is, both of them showed degenerative metamorphosis of liver but the change of the first is far greater than that of the second. Next, the same experiment done ober every fifteenth day for a long period showed still the same result as that above mentioned.This proves that the perpection or the imperpection of the reticulo-endothelial function has an important significance relating the change of liver disease. Experiment II.The author made the following experiment to know the significance of spleen relating the cause of the formation of the experimental liver cirrhosis.Given four groups of rabbits were used in this experiment. The first group are stout ones as a standard; the second group whose spleens were extirpated six days ago; the third group who were once extirpated their spleens cleanly and soon made auto-transplantation in their bellies six days ago; the fourth group whose spleen were extirpated 45days ago. He injected 0.6cc. oleum olivarum which contains 20% carbontetrachloride into the above mentioned four groups of rabbits respectively per kilogram weight of body and after four days killed all of them and compared their liver cirrhosis in the same way. The period of 45days after the extirpation of spleen is the time when abolition in the function of spleen is to be compensated. By the result of the above experiment, clear distinction can be found out between the first group and the second group; namely, the change of the liver disease of rabbits after extirpation of spleens is in far higher degree than that of stout ones. But those of the third group and the fourth group are very slight and rather come near to that of the first group.This proves that the existence of spleen has an important significance in relation to the rise of this disease.Experiment III.Lately the study of internal secretion spring into existence and it was proved that spleen is one of the internal organs that do the internal secretion and that spleenextract contains spleen-hormone which is said chiefly to acts on reticulo-endothelial system. In order to examine the effect which spleen-extract works on the rising of this disease, he made the following experiment. First to detect how spleen extract works on stout rabbit, he injected 1.0cc. of 25 times diluted spleen-extract (Prepare:- see the authors thesis, "The biochemistric-study of spleen-extract") into the ears' veins of the first group for three days in succession per kilogram weight of body, and for the second group, as a standard, he injected 0.85% salt solution into them in the same way and the next day injected 0.6cc. oleum olivarum which contains 20% carbon-tetrachloride into the both groups per kilogram weight of body and killed them after four days and compared the change of the liver disease in the same way. Though the result of this experiment shows little difference between the first group and the second group, he found that the change of the former is comperatively less than that of the latter.Next he repeated the same experiment on the rabbits who were extirpated spleen six days ago and got the result of great difference between the first group and the second group; that is to say, the change of the disease in the case of injecting spleen-extract into the spleen extirpated rabbits was far slighter than that in the other case and was nearly in the same degree as that of ordinary rabbit. But, as a standard, in the case of injecting them with only 0.855% salt solution first and then carbon tetrachloride, the change of the liver disease was in exceedingly high degree. Again he made an experiment in the same way on the rabbits that were extirpated their spleen (6days) ago and blocked completely the rest of reticulo-endothelial cell by injecting their ears' veins with large quantity of 0.8cc. collargol solution per kilogram weight of body for three days in succession. And the result of it made a clear distinction between those of the first group and the second group; namely, the change of the disease of the rabbits that were injected with spleen-extract was far slighter than that of those who were injected, simply as a standard, with 0.85% salt solution.The author repeated the same experiment on the rabbits that were extirpated spleens six days ago, by using chloroform (to give through mouth 0.5cc. of it per kilogram weight of body) and "Nekoirazu" (to give through mouth 0.05 gram of it per kilogram weight of body).By this it is sure that the changes of the disease by injecting with spleen-extract are all slighter than those of the standard examples. And these experiments make it clear that spleen-hormone has an important relation to the cause of the formation of the experimental liver cirrhosis.From the experiments above mentioned the author has obtained the following conclusions:-I) The general reticulo-endothelial system relating the cause of the formation of the experimental system liver Cirrhosis has a fixed relation. That is, when the function of the general reticulo-endothelial system is imperfect or the spleen is abolished, the invasive poison attacks the livercells sooner and heavier.II) The change of the disease above mentioned is exceedingly lighten by the transplantation of spleen piese and the injection of spleen-extract. That is, the special substance of spleen (HORMONE-) has an action to be able to reduse the change of the liver by poison through the general reticulo-endothelial system, especially Kupper's star-cell. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakayaKiyoto en-aut-sei=Tanakaya en-aut-mei=Kiyoto kn-aut-name=田中屋清人 kn-aut-sei=田中屋 kn-aut-mei=清人 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學泉外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1683 end-page=1701 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1932 dt-pub=19320630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Über den feineren Bau der Pigmentepithezellen der Retina und ihre Veränderungen durch Licht kn-title=綱膜色素上皮細胞ノ微細構造竝ニ之ガ光刺戟ニヨル變化ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Der Verfasser benützte als Versuchstiere hauptsächlich Frösche und vergleichend daneben auch Karauschen, Schlangen und Hähnen. Er kam zu folgenden Schlüssen. 1) Über bie Verhältnisse bezl. Form, Grösse und Dichtigkeit der Pigmentzellen in jedem Teile der Retinta bestätigte er im grossen und ganzen den Befund von Hess und stellte sie durch Messung genauer fest. Während nach Hess in der Area centralis des Frosches und Fisches der Pigmentgehalt besonders gering ist, sind nach dem Verfasser, der diese Verhältnisse ausserordentlich genau beobachtet hat, die Pigmentkörner in ihr nicht vermindert. In der Unterhälfte der Retina jener Tiere ist der Pigmentgehalt grösser als in der Oberhälfte, aber bei Hähnen ist das Gegenteil der Fall, indem die Pigmentkörner zahlreicher sind, wo die Zellen dichter vorhanden sind. Uebrigens konnte er konstatieren, dass die örtlichen Verschiedenheiten in der Grösse des Zellkerns und der Grosskugel (siehe unten) die gleichen Verhältnisse wie bei den Zellen zeigen. Über die Art der Pigmentkörner stimmt er mit dem Befund von Raehlmann überein. 2) Die bisher allgemein bekannten sog. plasmatischen Fortsätze sind nach dem Verfasser ein Teil der Plasmamasse des Pigmentepithels, welchen die Autoren mikroskopisch im Schnittpräparat nur zwischen den Sehzellen entdecken konnten. In Wirklichkeit aber füllt das Protoplasma den Raum um die Sehzellen völlig aus und erreicht beim Frosch die Membrana limit. ext. Es sieht aus, als ob die Sehzellen in die Plasmamasse hineingestochen worden wären. So ist der Verfasser der Ansicht, dass der bisher gebrauchte Name Fortsätze ungeeignet ist. 3) Der oben erwähnte plasmatische Teil um die Sehzellen herum ist schwammartig oder netzartig struktuiert. Man beobachtet öfters zwischen den Sehzellen einige, geschlängelte, längslaufende Fasern und, wie Kolmer berichtet, zahlreiche Kügelchen. 4) Im Zelleib der Pigmentepithelzelle findet man konstant eine grosse Oelkugel und ein paar feine Körnchen meistens an der Kuppe der Zelle. 5) Wenn man das soeben abgerissene Pigmentepithel des lebenden Frosches sofort mikroskopiert, so leuchten die Grosskugeln goldgelb beim Hellfrosch und hell- oder graugelb beim Dunkelfrosch. Die feinen Kügelchen sind dagegen hell- oder graugelb und sie lassen sich durch Lichteinwirkung nicht deutlich unterscheiden. Die Farbenveränderung der Grosskugel von der Dunkel- in die Hellstellung ist gewöhnlich binnen 10-15 Minuten vollendet. 6) Der Verfasser konnte an den mit Toluidinblau gefärbten Präparaten konstatieren, dass alle jene Grosskugeln ständich eine bestimmte Färbungsreaktion aufweisen; nämlich eine auffallende Schattierungsdifferenz zwischen Hell- u. Dunkelauge, regelmässige Ordnung des Übergangs von einer Stellung zu der Anderen, örtliche Verschiedenheit in derselben Retina, bestimmte Färbungsreaktion unter Belichtung einer bestimmten Stärke, Veränderung durch Wärme, Kälte und Durchschneiden des Opticus. 7) Die Färbungsreaktion der Grosskugel ähnelt der des Sehpurpurs und der von den Stäbchenaussengliedern und Zapfenölkgeln auf Toluidinblau, wie Hamada berichtet. Der Verfasser ist daher äberzeugt, dass die Grosskugel der Pigmentepithelzelle des Frosches eine lichtempfindliche Substanz ist. 8) Die Grosskugel verhält sich sehr labil gegen verschiedene Einflüsse, so dass sie an schlechten Materialien und Präparaten als solche nur schwer aufzufinden ist. 9) Die bisher genannten Lipochrin- und Myeloidkörner können nach der Meinung des Verfassers als Körner aufgefasst werden, die aus der Grosskugel u. aus den Kleinkügelchen entstanden sind. 10) Obgleich der Verfasser in der Pigmentepithelzelle des Auges der Karausche, der Schlange und des Hahnes viele Toluidinblau färbbare Körner fand, so konnte er doch keine deutliche Differenz zwischen Hell- und Dunkelretina finden. Im karauschenauge wird immer eine Grosskugel in der Basalmembrangegend jeder Pigmentzelle gefunden und ist mit Pigmentkörnern umgeben, wie die des Froschauges, ihre Färbungsreaktion ist aber verschieden von der letzteren, und die Veränderung bei Hell- und Dunkelstellung unerkennbar. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuuraTakashi en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=松浦堯 kn-aut-sei=松浦 kn-aut-mei=堯 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學病理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1585 end-page=1603 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1932 dt-pub=19320630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimentelle Untersuchung über die Resorption der Nahtmaterialien von den Körpergeweben kn-title=各種縫合材料ノ體内吸收ニ關スル實驗的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Um die anatomische Grundlage über die Auswabl des Nahtmaterials fest zu stellen, unternahm der Verfasser tierexperimentell folgende Untersuchungen. 1. Verfolgung des Schicksals von Nahtmaterial bei Darmnaht. 2. Verfolgung des Schicksals von Nahtmaterial bei Muskelnaht. 3. Verfolgung des Schicksals von Nahtmaterial, welches einfach in Darmwand eingesteckt wurde. 4. Verfolgung des Schicksals von Nahtmaterial, welches einfach in Muskel eingesteckt wurde. Als Untersuchungsmaterialien wurden 1. Catgut (Johnson & Johnson u. Uyama) 2 Seide, 3. imitiertes “Tegusu” (japanischer Name von Raupenfaden). Als Resultate betont der Verfasser: 1. Es gibt keinen wesentlichen Unterschied der histologischen Veränderungen bei jeden Materialien und Lokalisationen. Man siehtimmer sogenante restituierende organisatorische Entzündung, wenn man doch graduell etwaige Differnz dabei konstatieren kann 2. Das Catgut ruft am stärksten die Exsudation hervor und wird dafür am leichtesten resorbiert. Die Seide steht gerade im Gegenteil. 3. Solche Verhältnisse sind nach der Meinung von Verfasser teils der chemischen teils aber der physikalischen Eigenschaft des Materials, welche den Leukozyten ihren Eindrang zwischen den feineren Fibrillen einlässt oder nicht, zurück zu führen. 4. Das imitierte “Tegusu” ist wesentlich nichts anderes als Seide; Da seine Fibrillen aber nicht zusammengedreht, sondern nur mit Gelatin zusammengeklebt werden, so wird es relativ leicht resorbiert, indem das Gelatin mit der Zeit allmählich gelöst wird und die Leukozyten in die Zwischenräume der Fibrillen eindringen können: 5. Als Nahtmaterial hat also das imitierte “Tegusu;” 2 Bevorzugungen gegenüber dem Catgut und der Seide; d. h. leichtere Desinfection und leichtere Resorption, welchen man gerade bei praktischer Chirurgie wertgibt. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkaJunji en-aut-sei=Oka en-aut-mei=Junji kn-aut-name=岡順二 kn-aut-sei=岡 kn-aut-mei=順二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學病理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=461 end-page=480 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1932 dt-pub=19320229 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Development of the Pulmonary Vein of the Bird, especially on Uroloncha domestica Flower kn-title=肺靜脉ノ發生ニ就キテ（鳥類，特ニ十姉妹ニ於ケル檢索） en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As to the origin of the pulmonary vein, there are two theories held by the earlier investigators. One holds that the anlage of the pulmonary vein grows out through the dorsal mesocardium toward the lung buds as an endothelial proliferation from the sinus venosus; the other view asserts that this vein arises from an indifferent preexisting plexus which connects the lung buds and the sinus venosus. On the further developmental stages of the vein there are also some interesting problems which were less studied, namely: 1) The connection between the pulmonary vein and the systemic circulation. 2) The position of the opening of pulmonary vein in the heart primordia. 3) The length and the direction of the common pulmonary vein. In an effort to solve these questions, the author has selected the embryos of Uroloncha domestica Flower for investigation. A large majority of the embryos were fixed in Zenker's fluid, and stained with borax carmine. After the subsequent treatment in the usual manner, these specimens were embedded in paraffin, trimmed and cut in transverse serial sections with a thickness of 10 microns. A number of models were prepared according to Born-Peter's method of wax-plate reconstruction. From the results of these experiments, the following summary and conclusions may be made: 1) The anlage of the pulmonary vein first grows out in the embryo 4.0mm. in length with 20 somites as an endothelial proliferation from the sinus venosus. 2) The pulmonary opening is found in the median plane of the sinus venosus at an early stage of development, and when the interatrial septum is formed, the opening migrates from the median plane to the left. Consequently, the pulmonary vein empties into the left atrium dorsally. 3) The pulmonary vein is connected with the systemic circulation by a small branch to the post-caval plexus. 4) The direction of the common pulmonary vein is toward dextro-dorsad from the pulmonary opening, and in the growth of the heart, this direction migrates from dextro-dosad to dorsad. 5) The length of the common pulmonary vein is increased as the pulmonary anlage develops, but at the later stage of development it is decreased and the vein is gradually absorbed into the atrial wall. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshidaToyota en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Toyota kn-aut-name=吉田豐太 kn-aut-sei=吉田 kn-aut-mei=豐太 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學解剖學教室胎生學研究室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=47 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=992 end-page=1012 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1935 dt-pub=19350430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Anatomical and Histological Observations of the Heart of Tachypleus tridentatus kn-title=日本産「カブトガニ」Tachypleus tridentatusノ心臟ノ解剖學的竝ニ組織學的觀察 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The anatomy and histology of the heart of Limulus Polyphemus have been described by Patten and Redenbaugh, Milne-Edwards and Walter Meek, but they are not in complete agreement. In the case of Branchio cardiac canal, for instance, Milne-Edwards reported six pairs of veins but Patten and Redenbaugh five pairs. There is little recorded work on the anatomy and histology of the heart of Tachypleus tridentatus in Japan, and although Dr. Nukada and Dr. Hoshino made brief anatomical and histological description for the purpose of Physiological study, they also disagree on some points. The former maintains and the later denies the presence of Volhof and Spezifische Muskelfasern. On account of these discrepancies, I made certain studies in comparison with previous results and some researches into new ground. Most of the materials were fixed in formalin and after subsequent treatment in the usual manner, the specimens were embedded in paraffin, trimmed and cut in transverse serial sections and longitudinal sections with thicknesses of 5.0, 25.0, and 50.0 microns. The sections were stained with Eosin-Hämatoxylin and Nissl's method was used. A model was prepared according to Born-Peter's method of wax-plate reconstruction. From the results of my experiments, the following summary and conclusions were made: 1) The heart of Tachypleus tridentatus is a long tubular organ consisting of one ventricle, situated longitudinally on the lower part of median line of the carapace. It lies in a large pericardial sinus and is pupported by three holding tissues, Ligamentum suspensoria cordis superior, Alary muscle, and Veno-pericardiac muscle. 2) Around the heart is a large pericardial sinus, enclosed by a pericardium. Pericardium is a thin menbrane consisting of connective tissue fibres. There are eight pairs of Ostia on the dorsal wall of the heart, and they are the doors by which the blood in the pericardial sinus enters the heart. 3) There are eleven arteries leading off from the heart; one pair of Aortic arches and Arteria frontalis from the frontal end of the heart, and four pairs of Arteriae laterales arise from the lateral wall of the heart. Each artery has a valve. The aortic valve, much like a vertebrate Semilunar valve, lies upon the dorsal wall of the heart at the base of the Aortic arches. The Arteriae laterales are supplied with paired Semilunar valves at their points of origin from the heart. Each valve consists of connective tissues. 4) Pericardial sinus has veins, namely Branchio cardiac canal. I found five pairs of Branchio cardiac canal. I could not recognize six-pairs as described by Milne-Edwards. 5) The structure of the cardiac walls is composed of three layers. The outer most layer consists of the longitudinal elastic conective tissue fibres. The middle layer is the Basement membrane consisting of annular connective tissue fibres. The inner most layer is the circular muscular layer consisting of cross-striated muscular fibres. No membrane limiting the lumen, corresponding to the Endocardium of the mamalian heart is present. The cross-striated muscular fibres of Tachypleus tridentatus, resemble the mammalian heart, branching and anastomosing with each other, so form a syncytium. Also the individual muscular fibres are much like those of nammals, having nuclei surrounded by sarcoplasm and the fibrils make numerous bundles or Cohnheim's field. I think that the muscular fibres have no sarcolemma. 6) The author could not recognize the existence of Volhof and Spezifische Muskelfasern which were Dr. Nukada. 7) An median Cardiac nerve and one pair of Lateral cardiac nerves lie longitudinally on the heart. The branches of these two kinds of cardiac nerves anastomosing with each other, thus make the Cardiac nerve plexus. Median Cardiac nerve communicates with the centre by the Segmental cardiac nerve, Haemal nerve and Ventral cord. The structure of the nerve fibre consists of neurolemma and axis cylinder. There is no medullary sheath. The median cardiac nerve fibers possess the ganglion cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KochiTakeshi en-aut-sei=Kochi en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name=河内武 kn-aut-sei=河内 kn-aut-mei=武 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學解剖學教室胎生學研究室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1511 end-page=1525 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1937 dt-pub=19370731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pharmakologische Untersuchung über das Nandinin, ein Alkaloid der., Nandina domestica Thumb". (I. Mitteilung) Darstellung, allgemeine Wirkung, Toxizität, Wirkung auf das sensible und motorische Nervensystem und den Skelettmuskel kn-title=南天ノ一「アルカロイド」「ナンデイニン」(Nandinin)ノ藥理學的研究（第1報告）抽出精製,一般作用毒性,骨骼筋,運動神經竝ニ知覺神經ニ對スル作用 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=J. F. Eykman hat als erster aus der Wurzelrinde von " Nandina domestica" ein amorphes Alkaloid gewonnen, das er "Nandinin nannte. Auch Iwakawa hat dasselbe extrahiert und seine pharmakologischen Wirkungen studiert. Darnach hat Kitasato aus derselben Pflanze ein kristallinisches Alkaloid isoliert, welches sich in seiner Konstitution nichts anderes als d-Hydroberberrubin erwies, wofür der Eykmansche Name Nandinin beibehalten wurde. Weiterhin gelang es Kitasato, aus dem Rückstand, der nach Extraktion des kristallinischen Nandinins zurückblieb, ein zweites gut kristallisierendes Alkaloid abzuscheiden, das er "Domesticin" nannte. Die Elementaranalyse ergab, dass dem Domesticin dieselbe Molecularformel C(19)H(19)NO(4) wie die des Nandinins zukommt, und es zeigte sich ferner, dass es einen Phenantrenkern besitzt. Weiter hat Kitasato durch Methylierung des Domesticins ein künstliches Derivat, "Domesticinmethyläther", gewonnen. Zur gleichen Zeit hat Maniwa aus den Früchten der Nandina domestica albi ein neues kristallinisches Alkaloid gewonnen, das er "Domestin" nannte, und Shiina studierte dessen pharmakologische Wirkungen. Takase und Ohashi baben unabhängig von Maniwa aus den Früchten der Nandina domestica rubi et albi auch ein neues kristallinisches Alkaloid gowonnen, das sie "Nantenin" nannten. Darnach bemerkte Kitasato aber, dass das Domestin und das Nantenin seinem Domesticinmethyläther in ihrer chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften sehr ähnlich sind, und folgerte schliesslich, dass das Domestin und das Nantenin der natürliche Domesticinmethyläther sind, und er schlug deshalb vor, zu Ehren seines Entdeckers nur den Namen "Domestin" als Namen des naturlichen Domesticinmethyläthers beizubehalten, um eine Verwirrung zu vermeiden, welche sich leicht aus mehreren Namen für eine Substanz ergeben kann. Bedauerlicherweise fehlen meines Wissens in der Literatur über das kristallinischen Nandinin bzw. d-Hydroberberrubin pharmakologische Untersuchungen, sodass der Verfasser beschloss, das reine Nandinin nach der Kitasatoschen Methode zu gewinnen, und Untersuchungen über seine pharmakologischen Wirkungen anzustellen. Es gelang ihm ca. 0,5g reines Nandinin pro Kg trockne Rinde der Nandina domestica zu gewinnen Diese Substanz zeigt mit dem Kitasatoschen Nandinin übereinstimmende chemischphysikalische Eigenschaften. Der Verfasser hat die allgemeine Wirkung des Nandinins auf Kalt- und Warmblüter, sowie seine Wirkung auf den Skelettmuskel, und die sensiblen und motorischen Nerven untersucht, und dabei die folgenden Resultate erzielt: 1) Beim Frosch wirkt das Nandinin auf das Grosshirn von Anfang an lähmend. dann auf Medulla oblongata und Rückenmark erregend und verursacht Reflexsteigerung und klonische Krämpfe in ganzen Körper, bis schliesslich die Tiere durch Herzlähmung zu Grunde gehen. Bei Warmblütern ist seine Wirkungsweise der beim Frosch analog. Die Häufigkeit und die Intensität der Krämpfe sind allerdings geringer und schwächer als beim Frosch; z. B. treten bei der Maus nur in wenigen Fällen Krämpfe auf und fehlen ganz beim Kaninchen und beim Hunde. Beim Kaninchen und Hunde werden Tränenausfluss, Salivation, und Kotentleerung beobachtet; im Endstadium der Intoxikation drohen Respirations- und Herzlähmung. Letztere scheint die Todesursache zu sein. Die minimale Letaldosis beträgt bei subcutaner Injektion beim Frosch 5mg/10g, bei der Maus 3mg/10g, beim Kaninchen über 70mg/Kg. 2) Das Nandinin hat keine lähmende Wirkung auf die sensiblen Nervenendigungen, eine solche kann auch auf die motorischen Nervenendigungen nicht nachgewiesen werden, dagegen Wirkt es auf den Skelettmuskel stark lähmend. 3) Vergleicht man die Wirkung des Nandinins auf das Zentralnervensystem und die sensiblen und die motorischen Nervenendigungen mit der des Domestins nach Shiina und des Gemisches von Nandinin und Domesticin nach Iwakawa, so ergibt sich, dass die letzteren im Gegensatz zum ersteren eine anästhetische und eine curare-artige Wirkung haben, und auch beim Warmblüter heftige Krämpfe verursachen, welche von der Zentralreizung veranlasst werden. Diese Unterschiede dürften darauf beruhen, dass das Nandinin einen Protoberberinkern hat und zu den Protoplasmagiften gehört, während das Domesticin und das Domestin bzw. der Domesticinmethyläther einen Phenantrenkern haben und zu den Nervengiften gehören. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TobitaniTadahiro en-aut-sei=Tobitani en-aut-mei=Tadahiro kn-aut-name=飛谷忠弘 kn-aut-sei=飛谷 kn-aut-mei=忠弘 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1425 end-page=1476 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1937 dt-pub=19370731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Notes on the embryonic development of Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Eurytrema pancreaticum kn-title=鎗形吸蟲Miracidium及ビ膵吸蟲Miracidiumノ發育 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Both of Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Eurytrema pancreaticum belong to the family Dicrocoelidae. The miracidia of the former are indistinguishable from those of the latter. And as for the study of embryonic development of these miracidia it remains unknown, excepting only a few and brief reports about the miracidia of the former. The author studied these problems under the guidance of Prof. M. Suzuki. Prof. M. Suzuki has the opinion that in the embryonic development the arrangement of the divided cells are not cotyledonous. As to this observation, the author has endorsed the professor's excellent views. The author's careful and detailed studies about the embryonic development of these miracidia are summaried as follows: I. Concerning the embryonic development of the miracidium of the Dicrocoelium dendriticum. 1) The larger one of the two cells, which is produced by the first division of the eggcell begins to divide more and more, and 4-5 large cells so produced go to the inside of the eggshell, spreading their protoplasma. They cover the inside of the eggshell closely. And the author named this membrane, the first shellmembrane. And then 5-6 cells of the same type surround closely the body of the miracidium together after spreading their protoplasma in the similiar manner, except at the head and tail of the miracidium. After a little delay one cell goes to near both head and tail of the miracidium and covers the rest of the shellmembrane. Thus the three kinds of the shellmembrane are brought to completion. The author named them the 1st, 2nd and 3rd shellmembrane, 2) The smaller one of the two divided cells begins to devide a little later, but after the large cell has divided into 5-6 large cells, it begins to divide rapidly. And so in the morula period the total amount of the cells in addition to the large cells, reaches 35-36, in this period of the development, the large cells organize the epidermis of the miracidium, and one large cell exists in every three parts of the boby, the head, the centrum of the body and the tail individually. The remaining parts of the body are filled with small cells, an the above described 35-36 cells answer the purpose of organ foundation. 3) The Epidermis of the miracidium consists of the 8 large cells, which are situated in a definite arrangement, and upon the surface of the epidermis the countless cilia come to existence. Just under this epidermis, there is a subcutaneous layer. 4) on the surface of the above described 8 cells is situated an extraordinarily thin and transparent cuticula. This cuticula is not due to a definite cell, but is produced by a change in the external surface of the epidermis into cuticula. 5) This miracidium has two kinds of subcutaneous muscle, the one is longitudinal muscle fiber and the other is horizontal muscle fiber. The development of the former is remarkably primitive, but the lattter, especially the sphincterial muscle in the middle part of the miracidium, developes well. These mucle fibers come to existence from the small type of cells. 6) The four large cells form the intestine of the miracidium situated on the anterior part of the miracidium, but it is a rudimentary organ, because no one can investigate the food in it. Afterwards these four cells turn into so called syncytium. The comleted intestine is a rectangle and never represents an isosceles triangle as seen in the miracidium of Eurytrema pancreaticum. 7) Before the intestine building, the stingdrawer is completed. The muscle is made from the small cells, which existed in the organ foundation in the middle part of the body and makes a thin muscle layer along the both side of the intestinal wall. The anterior end of the mucle fiber goes to the anterior subctaneous layer of the miracidium. The posterior end connects to the nervous cell group. 8) The central nervous system is made from the deeply stained small cells, which exist in the equator part of the miracidium in the morula period, 1-2 of the cells exist each, just near the ventral side and afterwards each cellgroucp onnects by sending out nervous fiber. Thus the shape of the nervous system just resembles a dump-bell, and it sends out 6 nervous trunks. 9) The excretory vesicle is characteristic in this miracidium, which is seen at the posterior part of the mature miracidium as a long ellipse. In spite of the views of Leukart, Henkel and Mattes who regared this organ as a germ cell, the author's observation obtained quite different results. The author studied the detailed structure and obtained the following result. The excretory vesicle is made from 2 large cells each having an excretory duct and excretory pore. And these contain granules with quite the same size and structure. These points are suffcient to decide with firm confidence that this organ is an excretory vesicle. The flame cells situated at each side of the central nervous systems. And the detailed development of it as well as the excretory duct are all beyond observation, because of their extraordinary minuteness. 10) The germ cell makes its characteristic appearance in the early period of development. The germ cell is made from two large cells, and according to the progress of the development come to the syncyticum in deeply stained. II. Concerning the embryonic development of the miracidium of the Eurytrema Pancreaticum : About the development of the this miracidium it is quite identical with that of the former, except for a few points described below. 1) The from of the eggshell is shorter and large in comparison with that of the Dicrocnelium dendriticum and the ratio of the longer axis of the egg to the shorter one is 1:1.3-15, while it is 1:1.9-2.2 in the case of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The intestine is also larger, representing an isosceles triangle and is of crown form through the peculiar ring muscle fiber on the head of the intestine. The longer axis of the excretory vesicle runs at an angle of 35°-45° to that of the egg, instead of paralell as in the case of the Dicrocoelium dendriticum. 2) In the mature miracidium of this worm, the epidermis cells of the tails melt in Karyolysis. The ring muscle of head cosists of two small cells. This is the characteristic point of this miracidium and is helpful to distinguish this mircidium from that of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MikiYukiharu en-aut-sei=Miki en-aut-mei=Yukiharu kn-aut-name=三木行治 kn-aut-sei=三木 kn-aut-mei=行治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1753 end-page=1768 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1938 dt-pub=19380831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Application of "Gierison" for Dermato-Urological Diseases kn-title=皮膚及ビ泌尿器科領域ニ於ケルGerisonノ應用 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract="Gerison" (Yamanouchi, Japan), Preparation of azo- dye stuff was applied to 48 cases af the patients who came to our clinic, namely 33 cases of gonorrhoea, 8 casee of suppurative diseases, 4 cases of urinary diseases with Bac. coli and 3 other diseases of urinary organs. From the results obtained here, the efficacy of this medicine may be summarized as follows: (1) In cases of injeetion. a) At leaet, it has no more value than the acridin preparations for gonorrhoea. b) It is effective for suppurative diseases. c) It has no efficacy for the diseases with Bac. coli. d) Application of "Gerison" for the prevention of suppuration to the patients who were subjeeted to the urological operation, is not so effective. e) It produced no secondary reaction in any patient after the injection, but the patients complained of fairly severe pain at the place of injection. (2) In cases of internal application. a) Comparing with any medicine used here for internal apPlieation or for injection, "Gerison" showed most excellent efficacy for gonorrhoea. b) Also for suppurative diseases, it is fairly effective. c) Patients of urinary diseases, with Bac, coli, were unexpectedly cured by internal application of "Gerison." d) Application for the prevention of suppuration of urinary patients after operation, is effective. e) Almost all of the patients who received "Gerison", complained of fairiy heavy loss of appetite. Rarely, the light vomitting followed after the application, but some of them remained normal. From these observations, it may be noted that "Gerison" is not a good medicine to be used for injection in cases of urinary diseases, but for the internal application it 's very effective. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WadaMasayuki en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name=和田雅之 kn-aut-sei=和田 kn-aut-mei=雅之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學皮膚科泌尿器科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=1976 end-page=1987 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1939 dt-pub=19390930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Case of Papilloma of the left Calyx kn-title=興味アル腎盂乳嘴腫ノ1例ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The patient was a fifty-nine year-old man. Abaut two years ago, he had a sudden attack of haematuria, but after several days was completely cured by medical treatment. One month later, the attack of haematuria was repeated and this time with complete retention of urine, which was however smoothly drawn off by catheterisation. From that time onward, these fits were repeated, and on several of these occasions he complained of severe pains in the left upper abdomen, or in the bladder region. About two months before his case came before us, namely, at the end of April, 1937, the last attack occurred and was treated as usual, but could not staunch the flow of blood. In adition to this, it was apparent that his anaemia continued to increase. As to his past history, he had, at eighteen years of age, suffered from typhoid. fever. Apart from this he had enjoyed excellent health. He was a well-developed man and well-preserved for his age. The conjunctiva palpebrae et bulbi were anaemic on account of the heavy haemorrhage. His abdomen was apparently normal. Both kidneys were easily palpable, and moved freely with his respiration, and there were no painful parts in the kidney and ureter region. Besides this, there were no other abnormal parts to be seen. Syphilitic reactions were negative (Browning, Murata, M.K.R. II). Blood pressure was 165-85. Pirquets reaction was faintly positive in twenty-four hours. Urine: - Colour, dark red; appearance, two plus cloudy; reaction, acidic; pus cells, three plus; red blood cells, also three plus; micro-organismus, negative. A mixed phenolsulphonephthalein test showed an output of 70% in one hour. He discharged 1095cc of urine during a period of 4 hours from 1000cc of water which he had drunk. The specific weight of his urine before he had drunk the water was 1013, and its minimum specific weight after he had drunk was 1002. Cystoscopy and pyelography, performed on May 26th, 1937, showed a completely normal bladder. The right ureteral orifice was also completely normal, but from the left orifice periodic excretion of bloody urine like red wine was noted. There were no obstacles to the passage of the catheter to either ureter. Urine from the right kidney was normal, but urine from the left side contained many red blood cells and pus cells, as was seen from spontaneous urine. The partial-kidney-function-test of indigocarmin was almost entierly satisfactory as to both kidneys. Pyelogramm of air in both kidneys showed no shadow of calculus. Pyelogramm of iodnatrium: Right side was normal. The shadow of the left side revealed a remarkable change; namely, (1) enlargement of the calyx to twice the size of the right one, (2) the margin of the shadow of the calyx was not plain, but it showed a zigzag con figuration, (3) the density of the shadow was not equal, its appearance seemed reticulate, (4) two round defects of shadow at the upper edge were noted, (5) the shadow of the ureter was normal, (6) generally, the density of shadow on the left side was thinner than on the right. An operation was performed on June 8th lumbar anaesthesia of scurocaine. Incision was made by Bergmann-Israels method. There were no adherations anywhere, so that the kidney was easily picked out. Pathological examination: length 12cm, breath 7cm, thickness 4cm, weight 225g The surface of the kidney was almost plain, but at the upper part of the kidney, two round tumours protruded somewhat. The kidney was rather tender, and felt wavy. On the cutting surface, there were many beautiful coralline papilloma which covered all the mucous membrane of the calyx. At the upper part of the calyx there was a clot of blood about the size of a small hens egg. The parenchym of the kidney itself was thin (about 0.5-1.0cm in breadth) on account of the pressure of the tumour. It seemed as if a sack enveloped the papilloma. Microscopical examination showed a typical papilloma specimen. In the region of the kidney parenchym, many atrophic tubuli and glomeruli mixed with healthy ones were noted. Nineteen days after the operation, the patient was uneventfully cured. About one year after the operation, I got a letter from him, enjoying a healthy life. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WadaMasayuki en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name=和田雅之 kn-aut-sei=和田 kn-aut-mei=雅之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學皮膚科泌尿器科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=442 end-page=462 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1939 dt-pub=19390228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=About the therapeutic efficacy of Vitargol in cases of gonorrhea kn-title=新治淋劑Vitargolノ臨牀治驗 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=I have recently examined the therapeutic efficacy of the new urethral medicine, namely "Vitargol" (Colloidal Tanninsilberprotein-Compound) in about 22 cases of gonorrhea, including acute and chronic gonorrheal urethritis and other gonorrheal complications. It has been produced by the Kolloid-Seiyaku Company in Japan for the local medication of the urethra. Judging from my limited experience, I find that it achieves a highly desirable effect. My summarized conclusions are as follows:- 1) The application of Vitargol for gonorrhea proves to have great medical efficacy, as compared with any other similar medicines. 2) If it is dissolved in water, it keeps a long time without sedimentation. 3) It has no irritant effect on the urethral mucous membrane. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhomichiMineo en-aut-sei=Ohomichi en-aut-mei=Mineo kn-aut-name=大道峰雄 kn-aut-sei=大道 kn-aut-mei=峰雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學皮膚科泌尿器科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=415 end-page=441 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1939 dt-pub=19390228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the rachitis of newborns. (Part 2) Supplementary investigation to the relation between the rachitis-like roentgenogram of newborns and diverse living conditions and factors of the mothers. kn-title=新産兒佝僂病問題ニ就テノ檢討（第2報）新産兒ニ見ルレ線的佝僂病樣骨所見ト母ノ諸状態乃至條件等トノ關聯ニ就テノ續報 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this report, an investigation of 188 newborns was carried out, as a supplement of the first one, ranging all seasons of the year. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) In a comparatively large number of cases, such bony changes was revealed by X-ray photographing, similar to the rachitis, and it was ascertained that between those infants with the above-mentioned changes and the mothers, there was existing a somewhat close connection, with regards to the living conditions of the mothers, namely constitution, food, house and environments, sunshine, health, bodily exercise etc. 2) As to the seasonal change, it occurred more in February and March, then it diminisched gradually reaching the least in June. Later from Autumn it tended to increase again. 3) It can be concluded that this bony roentgenogram may due to the rachitic character, assuming its pre-phase or corresponding to the Gyorgy's "rachitis sine rachitide". Therefore it may be too erroneous to deny utterly the congenital existense of newborn rachitis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MizutaTakayuki en-aut-sei=Mizuta en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name=水田隆之 kn-aut-sei=水田 kn-aut-mei=隆之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YosinoSyungo en-aut-sei=Yosino en-aut-mei=Syungo kn-aut-name=芳野俊五 kn-aut-sei=芳野 kn-aut-mei=俊五 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學産婦人科教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學小兒科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=41 end-page=62 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=20110318 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Competitiveness of Japanese Container Ports Reconsidered kn-title=日本のコンテナ港湾の競争力再考 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, I want to make it clear the source of competitiveness of Japanese main container ports. Second, I will specify the course of suitable container port policy in Japan. In general, there are three sources of competitiveness of container ports, that is, industrial agglomeration and volume of cargoes as the result of it, supply chain networks, especially, networks of shipping lines and stevedoring system in container port. Now, Japanese main container ports have lost the first source of competitiveness of container ports, namely, volume of cargoes and networks of shipping lines of these ports are weakening. The result clearly show that Japanese main container ports can not depend to increase container cargoes throughput on only efficient stevedoring system in port as the third source of competitiveness of container port. Therefore, Japanese government should, at first, support to strengthen supply chain networks as short-term policy and secondly promote to reagglomerate or regenerate the cluster of manufacturing industry as long-term policy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsumoriTakayuki en-aut-sei=Tsumori en-aut-mei=Takayuki kn-aut-name=津守貴之 kn-aut-sei=津守 kn-aut-mei=貴之 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=781 end-page=799 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1964 dt-pub=19641230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Postoperative Results of Injured Median Nerve and Ulnar Nerve kn-title=正中神経および尺骨神経損傷の予後に対する臨床的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By direct examinations of 46 patients with 55 injured nerves out of those patients who had received the suture of injured median and ulnar nerves in the past 7 years at Department of Orthoedic Surgery, Okayama University and of those over one year after the operation, postoperative results were studied and the following findings were obtained. 1. As the lapse of time after inception of the nerve injnry passes 3 months, the postoperative result gradually grows poorer and after 6 months the prognosis is extremely poor. In contrast, the secondary suture performed as early as 3 to 8 weeks after the injury gives satisfactory results and it does not necessarily require primary suture. 2. The younger the patient, the better is the prognosis, especially the prognosis is very good in the age range of 0 to 9 years old. 3. It has been found that prognosis is relatively good in the cases of sharp cut injuries such as glass cut injury because the damage to nerves as well as to surrounding tissues is smaller and the danger of infection is less. 4. In the cases who had infection of some kind prior to receiving the nerve injury the postoperative results are invariably poor. 5. when the injury is sustained at a level more proximal, the results are poorer. Ulnar nerves are injured more frequently at high and intermediate levels. This point also explains the poor postoperative results in the cases of ulnar nerve injuries. 6. There is a possibility of recovery for the period of 5 years after the nerve suture, and especially the recovery of sensory function can be expected for 5 year period after the suture operation. 7. In the ease where median and ulnar nerves are injured simutaneously on the same level, these two nerves recover to about the same degree. 8. By means of two test, namely, picking up test and precision grip test, it has been possible to examine the effect on the routine affairs of life of the patient, that was ditficult to accomplisd by the former sensory tests. 9. The sudomotor function after suture of injured nerve does not necessarily parallel with the recovery of sense, and in the cases past 3 years after suture the sudomotor function in practically every case has recovered to normal irrespective of the sensory function. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawaharaSadao en-aut-sei=Kawahara en-aut-mei=Sadao kn-aut-name=河原貞雄 kn-aut-sei=河原 kn-aut-mei=貞雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部整形外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2385 end-page=2390 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1954 dt-pub=19541230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Post-War Time and Liver Affections kn-title=戦後と肝疾患 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To our Dept., so many patients of liver affections entered, after the War: moreover, in our experiences, their prognosis proved to be altogether bad. Therefore, choosing 8 most serious cases out of many, kept record on their disease as well as experiences. Further, at the same time clarifying that there had already existed such a state after the World War 1, due to bibliography, could interpret our own experience to be similar case, namely, the cause by which this kind of strange phenomenon has occurred may roughly be traced back to the decline of nutriment as well as moral degeneration due to financial panic, special in war-time or post-war time. Consequently, today, when man treats various affections it is necessary for him to take much care about the attitude of the liver. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamaokaKenji en-aut-sei=Yamaoka en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name=山岡憲二 kn-aut-sei=山岡 kn-aut-mei=憲二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KosakaKiyowo en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Kiyowo kn-aut-name=小坂淳夫 kn-aut-sei=小坂 kn-aut-mei=淳夫 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1381 end-page=1459 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1954 dt-pub=19540731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Study of the Skin-colour 1st Chapter About the Skin-colour of Normal Human (Being) kn-title=皮膚色調の研究 第1篇 正常人皮膚色調について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Having taken up as my thema the question we are still unable to solve ever since Hippocrates, namely, the question of human skin-color, in order to improve those shortcomings found in the skin-colour table until present, but instead, to obtain one which is easily available to everybody, and moreover. Possesses an excellent statistical merit, i. e, the standard color index classified according to lightness, edited by Japanese Institute for Color Study: employing this latter one, studied the skin-color by classifying it into three phases, namely, mien, tone as well as tint, due to the equality method in color mhich proves three layers of color, that is to say. by considering any skin color as a point in a vast space, using figures, at 13 places stimated the skin color, attributed to inhabitants who were by profession either farmers, fishermen, highlanders, or town dwellers, who, though different in their modes of living, qualified about the same: thus, I have arrived at. results as follows.- (1) Normal skin color of those who live around the Seto Inland Sea coincides with Mr. Tsubaki's “The Skin-color of Tokyoits” or that reported by Mr. Okamoto; but in general, shows lower in mien as well as tone, while higher in tint. That the color of both the breast, upper inner arm, and thigh, due to Mr. Tsubaki prove slight change may be ascribed to imperfections of Luschan Table. In this respect, the standard color index according to the tone that I have employed has indicated two supreme merits, i. e, pretty scientific, at the same time, available to use any figure: has enabled me to estimate very minutely at each positions, even to very slight differencer. (2) Among normal human skin colors, comparatively slight change has been detected, in modes of living, for their skin color: but effects from the outer world seemed to be quite great. Among the four groups whihe were able to be cosidered approximately equal in qualifications, in male, those who live in town proved 4.7 in mien, which is the highest. With females, farming people has proved highest, while fisherwomen, town-dweller as well as highlanders proved to be lower. As to tone, it was higher in male town dwellers or female farmers: as to the difference between men and women, it has proved least in towns people; great deal in farmers, followed by fishermen and highlanders. As to tint, in male it has proved steadfast in general, but in female who lived in hills it has proved lowest. As to differences of mien, there was slight variation, the mere difference being that females show higher in tone, but lower in tint than with male. That is to say, women prove whiter (fairer) than men, with a slight deddishness. (3) It indicates an aspeet onyl slightly closer to ‘yellowish orange’ than to ‘orange’ in the skin-color of any normal human being its comparative ratio of reflection has a range from 287 to 37.6%; in tone, ranges 46%-63% in a comparative ratio of reflection. On the whole, redness shows a decrease in the order of fisher-people, highlanders, showing no such thinness of skin-color seen among highlanders as having been told by Pluscharl, but also giving certain support to the theories of Antanne, Dabagie or Wiener, which described the color density in proportion to the hight of land: they both possesses some truth: with females, mien enhances according to its height, while in males, the same circumstances improves tint. Generally speaking. I must conclude that no speeially remar-kable changes could he detected. However, my opinion would not be appropriate, because I have not investigated highlanders in particular. (4) Forehead is best-fitted for examination of skin-color, it being comparatively secure place: then comes upper inner arm, inner thigh, abdomen, places also comparatively safe, subject to little change throughout seasons or sex. Where the mien appears highest proved to be abdomen in a male, but the waist in a female; en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HirowatariTakaharu en-aut-sei=Hirowatari en-aut-mei=Takaharu kn-aut-name=広渡隆治 kn-aut-sei=広渡 kn-aut-mei=隆治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部皮膚科泌尿器科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=431 end-page=439 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1954 dt-pub=19540331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Sound localization (2) ・・・・・Under various conditions kn-title=聽覚による方向識別に関する研究（其の二）（諸條件の影響） en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In localizing the source of the sound the following was observed under various conditions in the horizontal plane of the examinee's ears. The range of localization for subjective median, 1. Increased proportionally according to the distance from the source of the sound. 2. Increased by visual stimulus. 3. Increased by auditory fatigue. 4. Decreased when the intense noise was at the background of the source. The sensitivity of localizing sound is separated to two sides, namely the displacement of the apparent source and the range of localization. There has been few reports concerning the latter. Sound localization is produced in the centrum by two auditory nerve excitation. The increased displacement is attributed to unequal nerve excitations, and the increased range of localization to the unclearness of nerve excitation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=田村節治 kn-aut-sei=田村 kn-aut-mei=節治 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学生理学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=855 end-page=867 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1955 dt-pub=19550430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Hearing Test with Speech Sound Part. 3. Hearing Test with Speech Sound of Japanese kn-title=語音による聽力検査に就て 第三編 語音聽力検査法 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this test, senseless monosyllabic sounds of Japanese speech are used. Generally, 100 sounds are used in one test. As to the test-distance, the point where the difference between normal hearing and slightly impaired hearing begins to be noticed, is determined as standard distance at each test room by each tester. In proportion as the noise of the test room increases, the standard distance is getting shorter. The experiments show that the result of the test is reliable when the standard distance of test room is longer than 1/3 of the standard distance in the sound proof room. The degree of hearing difficulty is expressed in the name of "mis-hearing rate, " which indicates the proportion of the sum of hearing loss and mis-hearing to the tested words' number in percentage. From the results obtained by the above described method, I could classify the patients into 5 categories according to the percentage of hearing loss: normal hearing, less than 5%; very slight difficulty, 5-10%; slight difficulty, 20-30%; moderate difficulty, more than 50%; severe difficulty, 100%. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyamotoM. en-aut-sei=Miyamoto en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name=宮本正明 kn-aut-sei=宮本 kn-aut-mei=正明 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=849 end-page=853 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1955 dt-pub=19550430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Hearing Test with Speech Sound Part. 2. Discussion on the Existing Methods of Voice Test kn-title=語音による聽力検査に就て 第二編 従来の所謂言語を以てする聽力検査法に就ての批判 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the voice tests, meaning words have been used for the long time and the maximum hearing distance is understood to show the degree of hearing. But when meaning words are used, the speech sounds are likely to be understood as words by the help of mental power, even though the hearing is not sufficiently enough to catch the individual speech sounds. Thus, slight impairment of hearing is liable to be overlooked and the results do not mean the true hearing, but the degree of speech understanding. When cautious considerations are brought on the facts that speech sounds are compound sounds, the clearness or intensity of the testers' voice have individual differences, and the architectural acoustics of the test room is not constant, it seems to be impossible to determine the degree of hearing simply by the distances of hearing. By various experiments the author ascertained the following facts: - (1) There is not necessarily any relation which is implied by straight line òr logarithm between the intensity of sound and the distance from the source of sound. These two factors, namely, intensity and distance are variable according to the conditions of test room. (2) Considerable individual differences are seen in the intensity of testers voice. Even when the same person carries on the test, the intensity of sound differs according to the kinds of speech sounds. (3) The maximum distances of hearing for a certain voice differ according to the conditions of the test room. By the above mentioned experiments, it can be pointed out that the exsisting methods of voice test involve various defects. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyamotoM. en-aut-sei=Miyamoto en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name=宮本正明 kn-aut-sei=宮本 kn-aut-mei=正明 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=403 end-page=428 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1955 dt-pub=19550228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Histology of the brain of rabbits with chronic local cerebral anaphylaxis kn-title=慢性脳局所アナフイラキシー家兎脳の組織学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The cow sera with phosphatid obtained from the cerebral gray matter, of cows were given in the ear vein of adult rabbits for 2cc per kg as antigen. As effective injection, 1cc per kg of diluted antigen, namely 4 and 6 times diluted solution of antigen was given every 4 days for 3-10 months in their ear vein. Thus the chronic local cerebral anaphylactic rabbits were made. And the motor area, frontal lobe, nucleus lenticularis, substantia nigra, Ammon's horn and pia mater were histologically researched. After repeated effective injections for a long time, the disappearance, disturbance of arrangement, atrophy, edematous degeneration, glial involvement and neuronophagia etc. of nerve cells, striking gliosis, disappearance and swelling of the sheath, hypertrophy of the wall of vessels, increase of wall cells, dilatation of lymphatic cavity surrounding the vessel adventitium, hypertrophy of pia mater and proliferation of connective tissue cells etc, were found. It would appear that, by repeating effective injections with diluted antigen for a longtime, the chronic local cerebral anaphylactic rabbits were made, and the histological findings of their brains were similar to those which were found in the brain of old idiopathic epilepsy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakaiKunitsune en-aut-sei=Sakai en-aut-mei=Kunitsune kn-aut-name=坂井邦典 kn-aut-sei=坂井 kn-aut-mei=邦典 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2361 end-page=2366 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19561231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On New Method of Measuring Fatigue kn-title=疲労測定の新法に就て 混色チラツキ値測定法 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the course of research of the relation between color vision and fatigue, use of an electric-motor type color-mixer as a new method of measuring fatigue was considered, and, accordingly, the changing phases in relation to a few experimental load work were duly observed, on a result of which the following conclusion was obtained. (1) Provided that illumination is constant, the flicker frequency will become larger as the difference of luminosity of the test charts mounts. (2) Provided that the difference of luminosity of the test charts is constant, a straightline relation is formed between the flicker frequency and the logarithm of illumination. (3) The new method of measuring fatigue by use of an electric-motor type color-mixer, newly worked out by the present author, has been named the color-mixing flicker test. (4) Working on the same principle as the conventional flicker test, the new method is considered to be superior to the former. (5) This method is considered to be highly sensitive and efficient as a method of measuring fatigue. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NaruseRyujo en-aut-sei=Naruse en-aut-mei=Ryujo kn-aut-name=成瀬龍城 kn-aut-sei=成瀬 kn-aut-mei=龍城 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2345 end-page=2359 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19561231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Artificial Lighting by Fluorescent Lamps Part III. Fundamental Study Effects of fluorescent lamps on the speed of vision and moving object kn-title=螢光放電燈による人工照明 基礎編III 螢光放電燈の視速度並びに移動視対象物に及ぼす影響に就て en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author has, ever since 1950, been in the comparative study of fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps as artificial light-sources by making quantitative and qualitative experiments to prove which is superior from the viewpoint of eye-hygiene and illumination engineering. This time, the author conducted comparative experiments with both types of light-sources in relation to speed of vision with fixed test types, and discernible velocity with moving objects, coming to the following conclusion. A. Fixed Test Types (1) Of all types of light-sources, irrespective of white or colored, time of exposure drastically lessens for the range from 1 H. Lux to 30 H. Lux, and the minimum is reached at about 50 H. Lux. Then gradual decrease in time of exposure continues up until 100 H. Lux. The speed of vision is proportional to logarithm of intensity of illumination. (2) White light is usually superior in speed of vision to any colored light, namely, de luxe daylight fluorescent lamp is best, and then daylight fluorescent lamp and white fluorescent lamp come next slight differences. Then the incandescent lamp, blue-white fluorescent lamp, green fluorescent lamp, and pink fluorescent lamp follow in the order. (3) The rate of the increase in speed of vision to the increase in intensity of illumination is greater in low intensity of illumination, and it grows smaller as intensity of illumnation rises up. B. Moving Object (4) Discernible velocity varies even with the same regularly spaced black and white stripe-patterns in accordance with the angle to face the direction of movement. Discernible velocity is at the minimum in case of the angle of ±45°, and as getting farther off from this angle, it grows the greater. (5) The broader the space is between the black and white stripes, the greater will be the discernible velocity. (6) In case the size of test type remains unchanged, discernible velocity suddenly grows greater until the intensity of illumination on the surface of test type is as large as 3050 H. Lux, and thence up to 500 H. Lux, it continues to increase but gradually. Discernible velocity is proportional. to logarithm of intensity of illumination. (7) In case intensity of illumination is constant, discernible velocity gets heightened, as the test type grows larger in area. A lineal relation is established between the two factors. (8) In case the bright and dark faces of the moving object continue to alternate, the illumination by fluorescent lamps is found inferior to that of incandescent lamps in low intensity of illumination up to 100 H. Lux. In cases other than the above, no significant difference is noticed between the two light-sources, irrespective of moving object or intensity of illumination. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NaruseRyujo en-aut-sei=Naruse en-aut-mei=Ryujo kn-aut-name=成瀬龍城 kn-aut-sei=成瀬 kn-aut-mei=龍城 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2103 end-page=2116 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19561130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Virulence and Immunity of Newly Isolated Rickettsia Tsutsugamushi Strains II. Immunologicol studies of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi kn-title=新しく分離したR. tsutsugamushi群病毒の毒性及び免疫学的研究 第二篇 R. tsutsugamushi群病毒の免疫学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this report the proliferation of the newly isolated R. tsutsugamushi strains in the yolk sack was studied. Moreover, using the well-proliferating strain, the immunological natures were also investigated. The results are as follows: 1. Proliferation and fixation in embryonated egg yolk sack are varied according to the sorts of strains: namely two strains from rats gradually showed good naturalization and fixaiont by successive inoculation, but those from patients could not show any prolifiration 2. In infection-protective test, using the rickettsiae prolifirated in yolk sack and the antigens prepared from the infected animal organs, the immune effect of the former seemed to be inferior to that of the latter. This will be due to the difference of proliferation of rickettia. 3. In order to prepare the antigen of complement-fixation test, varioùs methods were tried, of which the method with organic solvents seemed to be relatively simple and reliable. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakayamaTadao en-aut-sei=Nakayama en-aut-mei=Tadao kn-aut-name=中山忠夫 kn-aut-sei=中山 kn-aut-mei=忠夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2093 end-page=2102 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19561130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Virulence and Immunity of Newly Isolated Rickettsia Tsutsugamushi Strains I. Susceptibility of mouse and embryonated egg kn-title=新しく分離したR. tsutsugamushi群病毒の毒性及び免疫学的研究 第一篇 マウス及び孵化鶏卵に対する感受性について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The auther carried out the experiments on the susceptibility of the mouse and embryonated egg to the strains of R. tsutsugamushi newly isolated in the various areas of Kagawa prefecture of japan. where "Umayado disease" and its suspected cases had been prevailing. The results are as follows: 1. The mouse shows greater susceptibility to the R. tsutsugamushi strains isolated in Kagawa prefecture than to the other reported ones. sometimes, however, it is not always infected according to the routs of inoculation'and, among various methods, intraperitoneal and intracranial inoculation are better methods becouse these take more stable infectious course, but it is necessary to change the methods according to the aim of experiment. 2. The mortality of the mice inoculated with this R. tsutsugamushi begins to rise from fifth day of inoculation, reachs the maximum on the twelveth or fourteenth day and then falls down. The rickettsiae, however, seems to stay in the bodies for a long time. 3. The susceptibility of the embyonated egg is very specific, namely the fixation and naturalization to it ability is different according to the sorts of strains. In the case where many riekettsiae are observable in yolk sack, LD50 is proved to be very high. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakayamaTadao en-aut-sei=Nakayama en-aut-mei=Tadao kn-aut-name=中山忠夫 kn-aut-sei=中山 kn-aut-mei=忠夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=3211 end-page=3214 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19571231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Barbital Concentration in Body and Sleep Part 2. Barbital Concentrations in Blood and Cerebro-Spinal Fliud kn-title=バルビタールの体液中濃度と睡眠に関する研究 第2編 バルビタールの血中濃度と髓液濃度 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The pathway by which barbital reaches the brain is still unknown. Generally there are two possible pathways through which substances in blood enter into the brain, namely, one, directly through blood vessels and the other, by way of the choriomeningeal plexus. Barbital will possibly enter the brain by the former pathway but it may enter the brain by way of the cerebro-spinal fluid as in the case of P.(32) In order to verify this point, I have measured the barbital concentrations in the lumbar fluid and the ventricle fluid, each obtained at the time of lobotomy and at the pneumo-ventriclography, respectively. From these results, it has been found that barbital immigrated into the cerebro-spinal fluid faster than bromine so that there seems to be a possible pathway to the brain through this fluid. Moreover, in the measurements of the barbital concentration in the ventricle fluid after oral administration has been found higher than that in the lumbar fluid. For this reason, I believe that the choriomeningeal plexus plays the leading rôle in the production of the cerebro-spinal fluid as contended by other investigators. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SaraiKeisuke en-aut-sei=Sarai en-aut-mei=Keisuke kn-aut-name=更井啓介 kn-aut-sei=更井 kn-aut-mei=啓介 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=3175 end-page=3179 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19571231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Nitrogen Metabolism of the Brain Part 3 The Ammonia and Amino Acid Contents of the Rat Brain in case of the Injection of Chlorpromazine kn-title=脳の窒素代謝 第3編 クロールプロマヂン投与大黒鼠脳髓アンモニア並にアミノ酸について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Ammonia of the rat brain in case of the injection of chlorpromazine was measured by Conway's microdiffusion method, and amino acid by the paperchromatography, and the following results have been obtained in the respective measurements. 1) Following the injection of chlorpromazine (50 mg/kg per once), the ammonia contents of the rat brain decreased to 0.34 mg. per cent. 2) In case of repeated injection of chlorpromazine (20 mg/kg every day), the ammonia contents of rat brain increased to 0.93 mg per cent, and the simultaneous decrease of glutamic acid was not found. 3) The amounts of ammonia formed by above mentioned brain slices were found to be 6.2 μM/g. for the first one hour, 7.1 μM/g in two hours, 9.3 μM/g. in three hours and 12.7 μM/g in four hours, respectively. Namely, in this case, the increase of ammonia formation was found during the first one hour and the decrease of it was found thereafter. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawaiKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Kawai en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name=河井清 kn-aut-sei=河井 kn-aut-mei=清 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=3053 end-page=3055 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19571231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Would There be a Catalase Diminishing Action in the Blood of Acatalasemic Patients kn-title=無カタラーゼ血液症患者血液中の「カタラーゼ」減少作用の存否に就いて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the purpose to determine whether there will be a catalase diminishing action in the blood of acatalasemic patients, at first the catalase quotients of mixed blood consisting of six sets of two normal persons each selected at random have been computed; and then the catalase quotients of the mixture of the blood of the normal and that of acatalasemic patients have been determined. As the result each of these two quotients, namely, that of mixture of the normal and that of mixture the normal and patient's, yielded the value equal to the sum of two respective catalase quotients. Therefore, in the blood of acatalasemic patients there seems to be no catalase diminishing action. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshidaKiyoaki en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Kiyoaki kn-aut-name=吉田清明 kn-aut-sei=吉田 kn-aut-mei=清明 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=3037 end-page=3052 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19571231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental studies on the metabolism of erythrocytes of acatalasemia patients Report 2 The influences of various substances on the oxygen consumption of erythrocytes both in acatalasemia patients and the normal kn-title=無カタラーゼ血液症患者の赤血球代謝に関する実験的研究 第2編 無カタラーゼ血液症患者及び健康人の赤血球酸素消費に及ぼす数種物質の影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By examining the influences of protoporphyrin and of four kinds of metal ions, namely, those of iron, zinc, magnesium, and manganese, and the influences of glucose, lactate, glycerophosphate, acetate, pyruvate, glutamate, succinate, fumarate, malate, and aspartate, methylene blue and DPN, on the oxygen consumption of erythrocytes both in acatalasemia patients and the normal, and by further spectroscopic studies on the changes of the hemoglobin accompanying the respiration of erythrocytes when malate and aspartate of these had been used as substrates, the author reached the following conclusions: namely, in the respiration of erythrocytes of these patients as compared with the normal, no marked difference other than a comparatively weaker enzymatic action of malic dehydrogenase and the enzymes concerning aspartic acid oxidation can be recognized; and as for the disposal of small amounts of H(2)O(2) supposedly to be liberated during respiration of erythrocytes, the compensation by peroxidase, hemoglobin, or other hemin proteins may be thought to be sufficient. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshidaKiyoaki en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Kiyoaki kn-aut-name=吉田清明 kn-aut-sei=吉田 kn-aut-mei=清明 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2827 end-page=2836 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19571130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on inhibitory reactions by antisera Part III. A Study on comparison about immun-globulin and normal-globuin kn-title=抗体作用による阻止現象の研究 第3編 免疫グロブリンと正常グロブリンの比較 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Processing and refining globulin and albumin from anti-serum of rabbits administered with chicken egg white and from serum of normal rabbits, and using antigens, namely, the antisera obtained by immunization of guinea pigs and chicken, antigenic behaviors of immunized-rabbit serum globulin and the serum globulin of normal rabbits have been compared. The results are as follows. 1) No difference in the modus of the two antigens can be recognized in their precipitation reactions. 2) When sensitized red-cell agglutination reactions are examined with the use of either sheep red cells sensitiyed with 1/4 unit rabbit hemagglutinin or tanned sheep red cells coated unspecifically by exposure to antigen, these anti-sera treated with immunized rabbit serum globulin tend to give a higher agglutination value than that of those antisera treated with normal rabbit serum globulin. 3) The agglutination of the rabbit serum immunized with sheep red cells against sheep red cells has been recognized to be enhanced or inhibited according to the quantity of those anti-sera treated with normal rabbit-serum globulin. 4) Between the immunized-rabbit serum globulin and normal-rabbit serum globulin a slight difference is discernible in the degree of inhibitory reactions against the agglutination of specifically sensitized sheep red cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuuraNaoyuki en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Naoyuki kn-aut-name=松浦直行 kn-aut-sei=松浦 kn-aut-mei=直行 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=2525 end-page=2530 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19571031 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Activation Energh for Rat's Brain Tissue Respiration III. Influence of Chlorpromazin Addition on Activation Energy for Respiration Enzym System of Untreated Rat's Whole Brain Homogenate kn-title=大黒鼠脳組織呼吸の活性化エネルギー 第3篇 未処置大黒鼠全脳ホモジネート呼吸酵素系の活性化エネルギーに及ぼすChlorpromazin添加の影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author studied the effects of chlorpromazin 1.5 × 10(-4) M on the activation energy of respiration of whole brain homogenate of rats and obtained the results as follows: namely, by loading chlorpromazin 1.5 × 10(-4) M the rate of oxygen absorption decreases about 17-31 per cent, but the activation energy has been found to be about 10, 800 cal. This meàns that the value is the same as in the case without addition of chlorpromazin; and consequently the rate determining reaction is also identical. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UsuiSeigo en-aut-sei=Usui en-aut-mei=Seigo kn-aut-name=薄井省吾 kn-aut-sei=薄井 kn-aut-mei=省吾 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=2519 end-page=2523 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19571031 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Activation Energh for Rat's Brain Tissue Respiration II. Influence of NaCN Addition On Activation Energy for Respiration Enzyme System of Untreated Rat's Whole Brain Homogenate kn-title=大黒鼠脳組織呼吸の活性化エネルギー 第2篇 未処置大黒鼠全脳ホモジネート呼吸酵素系の活性化エネルギーに及ぼすNaCN添加の影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By studying the effects of NaCN 4 × 10(-4) M on the activation energy of whole brain homogenate of rats, the following results were obtained: namely, the rate of oxygen absorption at the time when NaCN 4 × 10(-4) M is loaded decreases about 14-35 per cent, while the activation energy increases up to about 15, 800 cal. This value can be considered as almost equivalent to 16, 000 cal., and it seems to be due to the cytochrom. cytochrom-oxidase system has turned to the rate determining reaction. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UsuiSeigo en-aut-sei=Usui en-aut-mei=Seigo kn-aut-name=薄井省吾 kn-aut-sei=薄井 kn-aut-mei=省吾 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=2049 end-page=2072 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570830 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Influences Exerted on the Bone Marrow by the Blocking of Parasympathetic Nerves Part 1 Influences on the Picture of the Bone Marrow Obtained from the Lower Extremeties by Section of Lumbosacral Posterior Root of Spinal Cord of Dog kn-title=副交感神経遮断の骨髄に及ぼす影響に関する研究 第一編 犬腰仙部脊髄後根切除の下肢骨髄像に及ぼす影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By cutting off the posterior roots of the fifth, sixth and seventh lumbar regions of spinal cord as well as of the first sacral segment, on the left side of young dog, the author studied the changes in the bone marrow picture of the lower extremeties comparing that on the right side as the control, and obtained the following results: 1) No marked change can be recognized in macroscopic findings of the bone marrow in the femur and tibia. 2) In the bone marrow of the femur there is a tendency of a slight decrease in the number of nucleated cells as compared with that on the side of the control. 3) In the bone marrow of the tibia, though no difference can be recognized between erythrocytes and neutrophils, in the femur bone marrow erythrocytes have relatively decreased but neutrophils have increased as compared with those of the control. 4) There is a tendency of a decrease in the mitoses of erythrocytes and neutrophils as compared with those on the side of the control. 5) Both erythrocytes and neutrophils as compared with those on the side of the control present a picture of a shift to the left, namely, an inhibition of maturation. 6) Segmented neutrophils have increased in number as compared with the control, indicating an inhibition of the cell outflow from the bone marrow. From these the author arrived at the conclusion that the blocking of parasympathetic nerves primarily inhibits the cell outflow from the bone marrow and accompanying this, cell maturation is also inhibited in the parenchyma of the bone marrow. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshidaShusaku en-aut-sei=Ishida en-aut-mei=Shusaku kn-aut-name=石田收作 kn-aut-sei=石田 kn-aut-mei=收作 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1813 end-page=1825 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Sideroblasts Part 3 The Iron Metabolism of Erythroblasts kn-title=Sideroblastに関する研究 第三編 赤芽球と鉄代謝 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By creating various changes mainly in erythroblasts of adult rabbits and by administering iron to these animals, changes in the proportion of sideroblasts have been studied comparatively; and the iron intake by erythroblasts has been examined. The following are the results of the study: 1) There seems to be a limitation in the iron intake by erythroblasts, namely, the iron intake is not solely dependent on the quantity of iron supplied by serum, but also it is influenced greatly by the quantity of nonhemoglobin iron controlled by the amounts of hemoglobin in the erythroblasts matured to a certain stage. 2) It is believed that the mechanism of iron intake is of a relatively simple nature something like diffusion, i.e., the degrees of concentration of the amounts of iron supplied by serum on one side and nonhemoglobin iron in erythroblasts on the other side, of the cellwall. 3) In erythroblasts, three steps of the metabolic process, namely, intake, retention and utilization of iron, essentially take place almost simultaneously, mainly in the later maturation phase. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KimuraIkuro en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Ikuro kn-aut-name=木村郁郎 kn-aut-sei=木村 kn-aut-mei=郁郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1711 end-page=1724 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Blood Vessels of Tuberculous Cavities Part One On the Blood Vessels and Vascularization of Tuberculous Lesions Mainly on the Pulmonary Cavities kn-title=肺結核空洞の血管構造に関する研究 第一編 空洞を中心とする肺結核病巣の血管並びに血管構造について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By making Spalteholz's preparates from the lungs of adult rabbits, mainly from the 18 experimentally induced cavities and 11 caseous foci, following the progress of these tuberculons lesions, and examining these specimens under a 3-dimentional microscope, the author has arrived at the following conclusions: 1) In the tuberculous lesions, it has been found that the blocking of the pulmonary artery occurs and subsequent blocking of pulmonary veins. 2) In the caseous foci, blood vessels are almost obliterated and occasionally newly formed blood vessels are seen around the main artery and vein as well as around their residual branches. 3) On the capsules of the caseous foci are found comparatively less vessel distribution as compared with those on the cavity walls, while stenosis and dilatation can be recognized around the branches of arterioles and venules. 4) In the periphery of caseous foci, bronchial arteries have become dilated and among the bronchial arteries and bronchial wall vessels are found newly formed arterioles and venules. 5) Around the caseous foci are found occasional anastomoses precapillary and capillary between the newly formed pulmonary and bronchial arterioles, but numbers of these anastomoses are less than the numbers of cavity-walls. 6) Blood in the bronchial artery is seen flowing even into the pulmonary artery by way of the anastomoses around the caseous foci, previously mentioned. Consequently the caseous foci are supplied with arterial blood by the bronchial arteries as well as by newly formed pulmonary arterioles. 7) In the caseous foci that have started cavitation, newly formed bronchial arterioles can be recognized on the cavity walls at the orifice of drainage bronchus. 8) Pulmonary arteries and veins distributed in the cavity are blocked before reaching the cavity; but when they remain in the cavity in the form of beam, residual vessel lumen are seen in the central part of the beam and newly formed blood vessels of networks are seen surrounding the beam. 9) When the main pulmonary artery and vein are running on the side-wall of the cavity, these vessels are compressed, narrowed, and dislocated; and aneurysm and varix-like dilatation can occasionally be recognized. 10) Capillaries distributed on the cavity wall are classified into three categories according to their origin, namely, (1) those capillary vessel-networks that are newly formed from the small branches of pulmonary artery or vein; (2) those capillary vessel networks that communicate at the main trunk of pulmonary artery or vein; (3) those capillary vessel networks that are located at the orifice of the drainage bronchus and communicate at bronchial artery. 11) Vessels on the cavity wall mentioned above make small circles immediately under the necrotic layer, and reverse to venulous vessels. All these capillaries are closely connected with each other in a network formation. 12) The bronchial arteries distributed on the cavity walls are dilated and turned and twisted. thus the bloodflow is thought to have increased; and on the side of the hilus pulmonis of the cavity, numerous precapillary or capillary anastomoses are seeu between pulmonary and bronchial artery around the drainage bronchus. 13) The degree of changes in bronchial vein is less than that observed in the brohial artery, but the vessels on the bronchial wall are proliferated. 14) New vessels are formed from pulmonary arterioles and venules in the sickened portion of caseous foci and cavities; and the intercostal, the csophageal, and the pericardiac arteries penetrate into these pleuritic regions and anastomosed with each other. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakataJunnosuke en-aut-sei=Takata en-aut-mei=Junnosuke kn-aut-name=高田潤之介 kn-aut-sei=高田 kn-aut-mei=潤之介 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1685 end-page=1698 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Protein Metabolism of the Explanted Bone Marrow Culture in Rabbits Part Two The Protein Metabolism of the Bone Marrow in Experimental Anemic Rabbits kn-title=家兎骨髓体外組織培養に於ける蛋白代謝の研究 第2編 実験的貧血家兎骨髄の蛋白代謝 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The protein metabolism of the bone marrow in experimental anemic rabbits had been studied with explanted bone marrow culture (Carrel flask method) and the following results were obtained: (1) The consumption of albumin and the production of globulin and fibrinogen, have been found to have rather decreased in the bone marrow of the rabbits given benzol for a short period of time. Next, in the case of the rabbits given benzol for a longer period of time. hypolasia of the bone marrow has been quite marked, namely, the consumption of albumin is low and production of globulin or of fibrinogen can hardly be noticed. (2) In the rabbits given saponin, the findings have been almost identical with those of the normal. (3) In the rabbits administered with phenylhydrazin or collargol, the marrow functions are low, the consumption of albumin slack, and the production of globulin and fibrinogen has been markedly low. (4) In the rabbits irradiated by x-rays, the marrow function have been completely deteriorated; namely, neither the consumption of albumin nor the production of globulin and fibrinogen can at all been seen. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiiYukio en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Yukio kn-aut-name=藤井幸雄 kn-aut-sei=藤井 kn-aut-mei=幸雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1579 end-page=1590 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Pathologic Physiology of the Bone Marrow Part Three Permeability Inhibition to Dyes in Various Sinuses of the Bone Marrow of the Rabbits Blocked of the Reticulo-Endothelial System by Indian Ink kn-title=骨髓の病態生理に関する研究 第三編 網内系墨汁填塞家兎骨髄静脈竇に於ける色素透過阻止について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Fujii, Fujita, and Soejima of our laboratory, after a series of experiments with adult rabbits, have already made it clear that retension or mobilization of the marrow blood by the marrow circulation of active substances in the marrow is controlled by contraction or dilatation of the marrow blood vessels, namely, by the vascular actions: and they further have mentioned that no such retension or mobilization is observable in the rabbits blocked of the reticul-endothelial system by indian ink. Therefore, in order to investigate by what mechanism the blocking of the reticulo-endothelial system inhibits vascular actions, the author has performed the following experiment. Namely, by pouring 1% Patent blue, Tripan blue, or Berlin blue dissolved in saline in intact adult rabbits and in the rabbits blocked of the reticulo-endothelial system by indial ink. Splteholz's preparates and tissue specimens of the femur have been made, and the permeability through blood vessels of the dyes mentioned above has been observed: and the following interesting results have been obtained: 1) Any one of these dyes can readily pemeate from venous sinuses of the bone marrow if intact rabbits while none permeates in the case of the rabbits blocked of the reticulo-endothelial system by indian ink. 2) From the above fact, it seems that all the active substances of the bone marrow permeate through venous sinusess into the marrow parenchyma on which they act, at the sametime exerting influences on the marrow nerves; while in the cases whose reticuloendothelial system is blocked by indian ink, that is, when the walls of venous sinus are blocked with indian ink, the permeability of such active substances is inhibited and consequently no action takes place. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SatoHyoye en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Hyoye kn-aut-name=佐藤兵衛 kn-aut-sei=佐藤 kn-aut-mei=兵衛 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=1335 end-page=1340 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570531 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Influence of X-Ray on the Enzymic Action of Organ kn-title=臟器酵素におよぼすレ線の影響について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The paper is the report on the results obtained from the experimental studies to find out what extent does the influence of X-Ray affect the enzymic action of organ, the basic metabolic process of living organism. Summary of the results: 1. In healthy mature rabbits, with three organs, namely, the brain, liver and kidney, the amount found of Kateptase, Amylase and Urease were highest in the kidneys and the livers came the next, while the brains contained the least. With Arginase, it was found to be highest in the livers, and kidneys were the next, but the brains had the least. 2. Healthy mature rabbits were submitted with daily X Ray radiaton of 300 r for a period of 10 days and the animals were killled when the total dosage had reached 3000 r, and respective action of Kateptase, Amylase, Arginase and Urease in brain, liver and kidney were compared with the nonirradiated rabbits. It was found that the action of Kateptase, Arginase and Urease of these three organs have been markedly increased by the X Ray radiation and degree of influence was the highest in the brains: with Amylase action in respective organ, it was decreased and its effect was most noticeable in the brain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KandaMizuho en-aut-sei=Kanda en-aut-mei=Mizuho kn-aut-name=神田瑞穗 kn-aut-sei=神田 kn-aut-mei=瑞穗 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanishiYoshio en-aut-sei=Nakanishi en-aut-mei=Yoshio kn-aut-name=中西喜雄 kn-aut-sei=中西 kn-aut-mei=喜雄 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MimuraKimimasa en-aut-sei=Mimura en-aut-mei=Kimimasa kn-aut-name=三村公正 kn-aut-sei=三村 kn-aut-mei=公正 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshikawaMasaji en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Masaji kn-aut-name=石川正次 kn-aut-sei=石川 kn-aut-mei=正次 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KogataSeiichi en-aut-sei=Kogata en-aut-mei=Seiichi kn-aut-name=古形誠一 kn-aut-sei=古形 kn-aut-mei=誠一 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyoshiYoshinori en-aut-sei=Miyoshi en-aut-mei=Yoshinori kn-aut-name=三好義則 kn-aut-sei=三好 kn-aut-mei=義則 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiiShimizu en-aut-sei=Yoshii en-aut-mei=Shimizu kn-aut-name=吉井清水 kn-aut-sei=吉井 kn-aut-mei=清水 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoMichio en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Michio kn-aut-name=山本道夫 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=道夫 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部法医学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部法医学教室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部法医学教室 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部法医学教室 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部法医学教室 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部法医学教室 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部法医学教室 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部放射線医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=721 end-page=725 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PREVENTION AGAINST EXPLOSION OF ANESTHETIC GAS (ETHER AND CYCLOPROPANE) PART III. ON THE IGNITION ENERGY OF ETHER GAS AND CYCLOPROPANE AND THE INDOOR AIR CONDITIONING kn-title=麻酔用ガス（ether及びcyclopropane）の爆発防止に関する基礎的研究 第3篇 etherガス及びcyclopropaneの起爆エネルギーと室内環境とに関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The influences of humidity and temperature, which were considered to be the operating room condition, upon the explosiveness of ether gas and cyclopropane were studied concerning the minimum ignition energy. The results were as follows: 1) The curve of minimum ignition energy of the mixed gases of ether or cyclopropane with the air was estimated by the intensity of primary electric current of an induction coil, which was used for spark discharge. 2) When the temperature of the mixed gases of ether or cyclopropane with the air raised, the minimum ignition energy became less, and more explosive. On this result, the most optimum temperature of the operating room, for the precaution against ignition and also for clinical necessity, was quantatively considered to be from 18°C to 24°C. 3) The minimum ignition energy was less in case of higher humidity of the mixed gases of ether or cyclopropane with the air than in case of lower humidity, namely it became more explosive. To keep the humidity for the purpose of preventing against the generation of the static electricity is more important than the problem of the minimum ignition energy, so that the relative humidity of 60% is to be the most optimum humidity of the operating room for precaution against explosion. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakashitaNoboru en-aut-sei=Sakashita en-aut-mei=Noboru kn-aut-name=坂下昇 kn-aut-sei=坂下 kn-aut-mei=昇 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=371 end-page=377 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=19570228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the influence of the general anesthesia upon the vital protecting function Part III. On the influence of various general anesthesia upon the sterilizing power of serum kn-title=全身麻酔の生体防禦機能に及ぼす影響に関する研究 第3編 各種全身麻醉の血清殺菌力に及ぼす影響に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1) The basal narcosis caused no change of the serum sterilizing power. 2) In the intravenous anesthesia using penthothal sodium the sterilizing power showed a temporal decline but after the end of anesthesia it slightly increased. 3) In the endotracheal anesthsia with cyclopropaine, the sterilizing power always showed a marked decline. 4) In the endotracheal anesthsia with ether, the sterilizing power showed a temporal decline during and after anesthesia. 5) In the endotracheal anesthesia using cyclopropaine and nitrous oxide or with additional ether together, the serum sterilizing power varied as well as in that using cyclopropaine only, but did not decline so distinctly. 6) The variation of sterilizing power in the endotracheal anesthesia using nitrous oxide and ether together showed a very gradual decline and then also gradually recovered. 7) The variation of the sterilizing power caused by oxygen inhalation showed clear increment with the beginn of inhalation namely the oxygen inhalation is very important for protecting sterilizng power of serum from inhibition of it. 8) The influence of various general anesthesia upon the serum sterilizing power was independent from tne Opsonin rate in the blood coagulating time and the number of platelets. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YumiyamaShinobu en-aut-sei=Yumiyama en-aut-mei=Shinobu kn-aut-name=弓山忍 kn-aut-sei=弓山 kn-aut-mei=忍 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=151 end-page=170 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1997 dt-pub=19970310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Theory and Historical View of Industrial Policy - Microscopic Instruction in Time of War - kn-title=産業政策の理論と歴史観―戦時期におけるミクロ経済の教訓― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=My role in this paper is to research into the theory and history of Japanese industral policy in time of war. Although the actual industrial policies are very complicated and diversified, the theoretical framework in the background is considerably simple. First two main economic tools, that is, the production possibility frontier and budget constrained are adequately used in this research, including the policy - decision line. Next the various realities of industrial policies are described in detail from the Japan - China War to the Pacific War. At the last section one more important diagram appears on the stage. That explains a model including relations of the number of resource allocative sectors and three kinds of cost, namely, production cost, internal governance cost and exclusion cost. I can find that the suggestions from this modelling study are unexpectedly interesting. I can observe two intertemporal equilibrium points by shifting twin functions determining the number of the above mentioned sectors and total of three kinds of cost. The important conclusion is that we can decrease both of the number of sectors and total cost by employing nicely the principles of market, not the principle of planning. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakemuraSyosuke en-aut-sei=Takemura en-aut-mei=Syosuke kn-aut-name=武村昌介 kn-aut-sei=武村 kn-aut-mei=昌介 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=22 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1996 dt-pub=19960605 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On Relation between Adjustment to Japanese Society and Social Support of Chinese Students Studying in Japan at Private Expense kn-title=中国人私費留学生の日本社会への適応とソーシャル・サポートの関係 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The present study examines the relation between the adjustment of Chinese students to the Japanese life and social support they need from others or various support they can give to others. Eighty Chinese students studying in Okayama prefecture at private expense responded to our questionaire. The former studies (Jou & Fukada [1995 a, 1995 b]) clarified that there was a negative relation between needed support of Chinese students and their adjustment or their satisfaction with campus life. Based upon the result of these studies, we predicted a negative relation between them also in the present study. Namely, we presupposed that the more support they needed, the less adjustment and the less satisfaction they would have. The present study, however, has revealed that there seems to be no relation between them. We also predicted a positive relation between the amount of support Chinese students can afford to others and their adjustment or their satisfaction with campus life. That is, we thought that the more support they could provide, the better adjustment and the more satisfaction they can have. The data obtained in this study have also revealed that there exists a positive relation in general between Chinese students' support providable to others and their adjustment or their satisfaction with campus life. Further analyses using subscores, however, indicate that every area or type of providable support does not necessarily have a positive relation with every area of adjustment or every area of satisfaction with campus life. Moreover, our study has revealed that there also exists a negative relation between them though in an extremely minor part. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkaMasumi en-aut-sei=Oka en-aut-mei=Masumi kn-aut-name=岡益巳 kn-aut-sei=岡 kn-aut-mei=益巳 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukadaHiromi en-aut-sei=Fukada en-aut-mei=Hiromi kn-aut-name=深田博己 kn-aut-sei=深田 kn-aut-mei=博己 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=JouYuh Huey en-aut-sei=Jou en-aut-mei=Yuh Huey kn-aut-name=周玉慧 kn-aut-sei=周 kn-aut-mei=玉慧 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=広島大学教育学部，社会心理学専攻 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=中央研究院中山人文社会科学研究所（台湾），社会心理学専攻 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=31 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=26 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2000 dt-pub=20000310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Stratification of Urban Residents and the Socio-Economic Position of the Commercial and Industrial Traders in Sakata, Yamagata Prefecture, in the Later Meiji Era kn-title=酒田町の都市住民の階層構成と商工業者の地位について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Taking all things into consideration as to the materials of occupation, tax, income and holdings of the tenant land, it is possible to perceive several strata of society in Sakata. Namely, the most upper stratum consists of a few who earn very large income from the tenant land and interests. The second stratum consists of many commercial and industrial traders and others who earn income from the tenant land is often larger than trade. The third stratum consists of a large number of traders and others who their mean derives more or less from income of the tenant land. The next stratum consists of a great number oftraders in very small business and others. The lowest stratum consists of a great many residents with no sure means ofliving, and forms the base ofthe stratified and pyramidal organization. In the later Meiji Era, Sakata was already not a city which was simply composed ofthe income of trades, but the city that depends chiefly on enormous wealth from the tenant land and interests. Sakata turned from a commercial city to a so-called parastic city. This was the important point that could recover from the destructive earthquake of 1894, and could fend off severe blows on the transit business of Sakata owing to the construction of railroad from 1899. The nature of parastic moneymaking, the higher of strata he is, the more he depends, took simultaneously upon itself the responsibility to check the development of Sakata. The nature of Sakata as a city is focused on the fact that the accumulated vast capital doesn't apply toward the industrial capital and the social capital. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KasaiYamato en-aut-sei=Kasai en-aut-mei=Yamato kn-aut-name=葛西大和 kn-aut-sei=葛西 kn-aut-mei=大和 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=山形大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=32 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=48 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2000 dt-pub=20000610 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Heterogeneous Labor Endowments and Tax Reforms in Aging Japan: Progressive Taxes and Intragenerational Redistribution kn-title=労働異質性と高齢化社会における税制改革―累進税制の選択と資産格差への影響― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper examines the effects of a progressive labor income tax scheme and a progressive consumption tax scheme on capital stock and on intragenerational wealth distribution in Japan, the society with an aging population. To analyze the problem, we adopt a simulation approach for an extended life-cycle general equilibrium model of overlapping generations. As a progressive tax is likely to mitigate the inequality of resource distribution, it is crucial to allow for the existence of heterogeneous labor. This is incorporated by assuming that each cohort has three representative individuals with equal tastes but unequal annual labor endowments, corresponding to three income classes, namely, low, middle, and high income classes. As the simulation results indicate, a progressive labor income tax shrinks the inequality in the distribution of wealth, while a progressive consumption tax furthers slightly. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoAkira en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name=岡本章 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=章 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=12-2 article-no= start-page=8337 end-page=8342 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Formation of Verdohemochrome and It's Property Part 2 Studies on the Combination of Verdohemochrome and Protein kn-title=Verdohemochromeの生成とその性状に関する研究 第2篇 Verdohemochromeと蛋白質との結合に関する検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The combination of the verdohematin produced by the method of R. Lemberg and the human serum which was previously produced or globin of hemoglobin was observed. And the results were as follows. 1. Verdohematin combined with albumin of human serum and albumin verdohemichrome and degenerative albumin verdohemichrome were produced. 2. The production of albumin verdohemochrome and albumin verdohemichrome was spectrochemically observed on the decomposition process of the methemalbumin, which was produced by the combination of hematin with human serum, to bile pigment. 3. Verdohemation combined with globin of unchanged hemoglobin and globin verdohemichrome was produced. 4. The adsorption maximum agreeing with that of globinverdohemichrome was not obtained on the decomposition process of hemoglobin to bile pigment. Therefore, there were some difference of chemical constitutional formula between the substances named choleglobin or verdohemoglobin. 5. Verdohematin was relatively stable to the oxydation by the combination with albumin and globin. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KatamiShigeo en-aut-sei=Katami en-aut-mei=Shigeo kn-aut-name=形見重男 kn-aut-sei=形見 kn-aut-mei=重男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=12-1 article-no= start-page=8227 end-page=8242 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Study on Hearing of Pure Tone in the Presence of Noise kn-title=騒音下の純音聴力に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the purpose to determine the relationships between noise and various hearing losses, the author studied the masking phenomena of the pure tone by air conduction and bone conduction in the presence of noises composed of various frequency components (although these were not completely white noise); and obtained the following results. 1. The masking curve of the normal ear in the presence of a given amount of noise approximately parallels with the spectrum curve obtained by the analysis of the noise employed. 2. The relationship between the change in the level of noise and the consequently appeared transition of the threshold under masking in the normal ear, differs according to differences in the frequency in the starting point of masking, but it changes in a straight line once the masking starts to take effect. 3. By drawing a masking curve under a given amount of noise of 108 ears with hearing loss, this curve was compared with the standard masking curve, the curve drawn from the average value of hearing threshold of 20 normal ears in the presence of 60-phone noise. As the results it has been found that: A) Even if the difference between the two curves is under 5 db or as much as 10 db, as long as there is one or two frequencies only; namely, those that show the curve (the curve of unisolated type) that is about parallel with the standard curve occupy as much as the whole of those with conductive deafness, about 76.4 per cent of those with perceptive deafness and 70 per cent of those with mixed deafness. B) Those that show a relatively big difference between the two curves, for example, a curve (curve of isolated type) that shows a difference as much as over 10 db, can be found in perceptive and mixed deafness. Four cases assumed to have retrolabyrinthine deafness show an uuexpectedly high value of the threshold along with the increase in the noise level, and also the changes in the their threshold transition are not in a straight line. 4. In order to study the relationship between the change in the noise level and the change in the threshold transition, the masking curve (standard curve) that shows the transfer of the normal ear threshold due to noise was compared with the masking curve of deaf ear. A) The curve (type I) where the transition of the threshold of deafness does not move so much as it will intersect the standard curve can be seen in 79 per cent; and next, the curve (type II) where the transition of the threshold moves as much as it intersects the standard curve can be observed in 21 per cent, showing the type I curve in a decidedly greater percentage. B) In observing the rate of appearance of the type I curve according to the sorts of deafness, namely, conduction deafness, perceptive and mixed ones, it is greatest in conduction deafness, followed by mixed one, and perceptive one in the order mentioned. 5. The curve (type A) which moves in a straight line about parallel with the standard curve from the time when the threshold of deaf ear starts to move under noise can be seen in 83 per cent; and the curve (type B) which gradually approaches the standard curve after the initiation of the threshold movement can be observed in 5 per cent; and the curve (type C) that moves rapidly away from the standard curve after the initiation of the threshold transfer can be seen in 12 per cent, indicating a preponderance of type A curve. 6. The masking curve of bone conduction in various ears, the same as in the case of air conduction, moves approximately in parallel with the curve obtained by the analysis of noise effect, and by the chages in the noise level the threshold moves in a straight line. Generally the rise in the threshold value is less in bone conduction than in air conduction, and the masking curve in conduction deafness somewhat coincides with that in normal ears. Moreover, the rate of appearance of type II curve is great in perceptive deafness. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KikuiAkio en-aut-sei=Kikui en-aut-mei=Akio kn-aut-name=菊井昭雄 kn-aut-sei=菊井 kn-aut-mei=昭雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=12-1 article-no= start-page=8139 end-page=8148 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Study on the Repair of Tympanic Perforations kn-title=鼓膜穿孔閉鎖術に関する研究2編 鼓膜穿孔閉鎖術に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently an attempt to repair the perforated drum has become quite common. However, as regards the questions what histopathological finding could be observed in both the tympanic membrane and the transplanted graft, and whether such a graft would cover up the perforations to take place of the tympanic membrane, or the graft would play only a role aiding regeneration of the tympanic membrane, there are still no histopathological studies. In order to solve these questions central perforations in pars tensa of the tympanic membrane of rabbits were made with injection needles and these perforations were repaired by transplanting free skin or buccal mucous membrane graft from the same animals, and the following conclusion were obtained. 1. Of the 14 ears transplanted with free skin graft, in 7 cases (50%) the transplantation was successful, namely, the free skin graft adhered to the tympanic membrane. Of 10 ears receiving the transplantation of buccal mucous membrane graft it was successful in two cases. (20%). 2. By the fifth to sixth day after the transplantation, there could be observed no marked changes in the skin graft or in the buccal mucous membrane graft, and also no fibrous adhesion could be observed between the transplanted graft and the tympanic membrane. 3. On the seventh day it was observed that transplantation began to take hold of itself between the transplanted free skin graft or the buccal mucous membrane graft and the tympanic membrane. 4. In the case where the transplantation had come to take hold of itself, the epithelium of the mucous membrane of tympanic membrane, extending along the interior side of the transplanted graft, closed the perforation, and the submucous tissue of tympanic membrane adhered directly to the connective tissue of the skin graft or the buccal mucous membrane graft. 5. When the adhesion takes place, the grafted skin or the buccal mucous membrane loses their morphological characteristics. As the times go on, the structure of the grafted tissues is used to change metaplasically to the tissue which reminds us of the lamina propria of the tympanic membrane. In this instance the new tympanic membrane is quite thick at the beginning but it gradually becomes thinner. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NaganoToichiro en-aut-sei=Nagano en-aut-mei=Toichiro kn-aut-name=永野統一郎 kn-aut-sei=永野 kn-aut-mei=統一郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=12-1 article-no= start-page=8125 end-page=8138 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical Study on the Repair of Tympanic Perforations kn-title=鼓膜穿孔閉鎖術に関する研究1編 鼓膜穿孔閉鎖術に関する臨床的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the purpose to study the feasibility of the methods for repairing the tympanic perforations which was left after chronic suppurative otitis media, the author performed permanent repair of tympanic perforations by three methods, namely, 1) after making a new wound on the margin of the perforation, it is closed by the transplantation of a free skin graft, 2) after making a new wound on the margin of the perforation, the closure is attempted with the transplantation of a graft from the buccal mucous membrane, and 3) first the margin of the perforation is cauterized with trichloracetic acid and then the closure is effected by patching a strip of human amniotic membrane. Following results were obtained. 1. Of the total of 43 cases receiving the repair of perforations in our clinic, the closure of the perforations was successful in 10 cases (58.8%) out of 17 that received the transplantation of human amniotic membrane; 8 cases (53.3%) out of 15 cases the free skin grafts method were used proved to be successful; and 8 cases (72.7%) out of 11 cases whose buccal mucous membrane were used as grafts proved successful. 2. Of 40 cases with central perforation the closure proved to be successful in 26 cases, while in 3 cases with marginal perforation it resulted all in failure. 3. The possibility of obtaining successful closure of the perforations is greater in those having dry middle ear cavity over one year before the operation than those with dry ear for less than one year. 4. Infection of the middle ear which had not been controlled before the surgery or occured after the surgery is one of the factors causing the failure of this operation. 5. After the repair of perforations it seems advisable to leave the graft alone without touching it until the demarcation between the graft and the tissue underneath (newly developed tympanic membrane) is completed. 6. The hearing before the operation, the preoperative hearing at the time when perforated tympanic membranes were patched with cigaret paper, and the hearing after the closure of perforations were studied and the following results were obtained. a. The hearing improvement in the average of speech range after the closure is 14.2 db compared with the gain of 9.8 db when the cigaret paper was applied before the operation. In other words, the hearing improvement after the operative closure of perforations is slightly better than that anticipated preoperatively using cigaret paper. b. The hearing is improved for all frequencies after the closure of the perforations, showing marked improvement for lower frequencies (128 cps-1024 cps). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NaganoToichiro en-aut-sei=Nagano en-aut-mei=Toichiro kn-aut-name=永野統一郎 kn-aut-sei=永野 kn-aut-mei=統一郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=12-1 article-no= start-page=8017 end-page=8028 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Acetoin Metabolism of Bacteria kn-title=細菌のアセトイン代謝について第1篇 アセトインの生成 第2篇 アセトインの分解 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Part I On the Production of Acetoin Using E. coli, A. aerogenes, Sal. typhi and Staph. aureus as test organisms, the auther studied on the production of acetoin by the growing cells and the resting cells of these microorganisms and the following results were obtained. 1) While E. coli did not synthesize acetoin on its growth, A. aerogenes showed marked production of acetoin on growth on the media containing glucose, lactate or pyruvate as C-source. In the case of Sal. typhi and Staph. aureus, a small production of that was observed. 2) An accumulation of pyruvate into culture media was rapidly decreased from about the resting phase in the culture of A. aerogenes that was capable of synthesize action. On the other hand, the accumulation of pyruvate was decreased its amount fairly gradually by E. coli that had no capacity of acetoin sythesis. 3) The resting cells of either species could produce acetoin to some degree at the expense of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and succinate. The optimum pH of this reaction was found to be at about 6.0. 4) From the study on the effect of pH on oxidation of pyruvate by the resting cells of E. coli and A. aerogenes, it could be postulated that the mechanism yielding acetoin from pyruvate in low pH could work more sufficiently at A. aerogenes, than at E. coli. 5) The production of acetoin was accelerated very highly by the simultaneous addition of glucose and pyruvate into the media, and also was accelerated by the addition of VB(1), Mg(++) or ATP. Part 2 On the Degradation of Acetoin Using the 4 strains of bacteria as in the preceding paper, part I, the author studied on the degradation of acetoin by the growing cells and the resting cells of these microorganisms. The following results were obtained. 1) All the microorganisms tested except Staph. aureus could grow by utilizing acetoin as C-source on the media containing the minimal nutritional requirement, namely N-source and vitamins. But Staph. aureus did not show the growth for a lack of capacity utilizing acetoin. 2) As peptone and acetoin was added simultaneously into the media, all the species of bacteria could degrade acetoin and yielded a large amount of pyruvate and a little amount of lactate as the metabolite. 3) Generally the resting cells of all species showed a fairly large O(2)-uptake at the expense gf acotoin as substrate. However, the O(2)-uptake was somewhat small in the reaction by Staph. aureus compared with by the other bacteria. 4) As for the oxidation products of acetoin by the resting cells of the microorganisms pyruvate was found to be a predominant metabolite. Acetoin had possibly been undergone oxidative decarboxylation in the first place and resulted in pyruvate. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MaedaYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Maeda en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name=前田恭弘 kn-aut-sei=前田 kn-aut-mei=恭弘 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部微生物学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=11-2 article-no= start-page=7547 end-page=7550 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Amino Acid Metabolism of the Brain. (VIII) Transamination in the Growing Chick Brains kn-title=脳のアミノ酸代謝(VIII) 発育中のニワトリヒナ脳におけるトランスアミネーション en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the growing chick brains take out at 9 different times during the period immediately after hatching to 40 days later the author studied the transaminase activity in these brains. The results are follows. 1. In α-amino acids group aspartic acid, alanine, isoleucine, lencine, valine, norvaline. and tyrosine show the transaminase activity as the continuatoin from embryo and phenylalanine commences its transaminase activity. 2. In ω-amino acid group γ-aminobutylic acid, β-alanine, β-oxy-γ-aminobutylic acid, in the diamino acid group ornithine show the transaminase activity, while cysteic acid also as the continuation from the embryo shows the activity in every period examined. 3. Those amino acids showing the transaminase activity have individual peaks during the period from 4 to 10 days after hatching, and thereafter these amino acids take two different courses; namely, on that slightly falls folowing the respective Peak; and one that stays unchanged. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamadaTatsuo en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name=山田龍雄 kn-aut-sei=山田 kn-aut-mei=龍雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=11-1 article-no= start-page=7501 end-page=7510 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Cerebral Disturbances by Antabuse Part 1. On the Side-effects of Autabuse in Human Being and its Electroencephalogram kn-title=Antabusによる脳髄障害に関する研究 第1報 人に於けるAntabusの副作用とその脳波に就いて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The available literature on various side-effects occurring at theadministration of Antabuse all deals mainly with the development of severe psychotic symptoms. as for the causes of such side-effect systemic poisoning or the cerebral organic disturbances accompaning it or the activation of dormant factor can be pointed out, but in the present investigation the auther studied mild side-effects that usually appear transiently; namely drowsiness, malaise loss of appetite, sweating, headache, fever, and oppressive feeling by means of electroencephalogram. In 37 cases given Antabuse severe psychotic symptoms appear in one case, and mild sideeffect in 15 cases. Of them abnormal encephalographic waves appeared in 12 cases. One case indicated the existence of organic damages, and two cases the organic damages reactivating dormant epileptic factor or inducing epilepsy. The electroencepharogram of epilepsy in the case not revealing severe clinical symptoms was also reactivated; and in 4 cases the electroencephalogram of epilepsy or abnormal wave close to it appeared. The electroencephalogram was not reactivated in two cases with organic damages. In the other two cases the so-called transitional wave appeared. From these, the fact that 7 out of 12 cases had organic damages or revealed abnormal waves suggesting the existence of such damages indicates that the toxicity of Antabuse is virulent and that during the intoxication it will generally inflict damages to the brain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NambaHidehiro en-aut-sei=Namba en-aut-mei=Hidehiro kn-aut-name=難波英弘 kn-aut-sei=難波 kn-aut-mei=英弘 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=11-1 article-no= start-page=7455 end-page=7472 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Structure of the Human Lymph Vessel kn-title=人のリンパ管壁の構造 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The stucture of the human lympl vessel wall was studied with a special reference to the muscular architecture, and also to the regional and individual differences. Twenty-eight preserved cadavers of Japanese adults and one fresh corpse were used. The specimens were prepared from them within the range macroscopically possible of obtaining necessary materials. Therefore, the smallest vessels were not involved in the present study. Besides ordinary histological procedures, film specimen method and graphical reconstruction were also applied. 1. The muscle bundles of the lymph vessel wall, ever changing their course, branching out, and anastomosing with one another, form a flat network (muscle bundle group or muscle plate). At the thicker portion, the muscular coat consists of multiple muscle plates. Their bundles intersect with one another obliquely and form diamond meshes, but there never interlace with one another like textile fabrics. Often a group of muscle bundles branches out from one muscle plate and form new musucle plate, the bundles of which are directed in another direction. Such communications of msucle bundles can be observed commonly in between each layer of the muscular coats (see below). 2. Elastica interna of the lymph vessel is poorly developed. It spreads out around the bundels of the inner longitudinal muscle, forming the elastic sheathes. Therefore, it is not necessarily of a single layer, but is often made up of a rather wide zone including longitudinal muscle bundles. 3. The muscles of the intima and the adventitia are thin, generally consisting of a single or double muscle plates running approximately longitudinally. The muscular coat of the media is thick. The muscle bundles rung enerally longitudinally in the inner layer and circularly in the outher layer with ones in transitional state in between. However, some of the vessels show all the muscle bundles of the media running longitudinally, while in others all circularly. The longitudinal muscle bundles of the intima and inner layer of the media, connecting with each other, constitute the inner longitudinal muscle of the lymph vessel. The course and obiqueness of the muscle bundles of the media are extremely irregular so that the coat offers variable patterns. 4. The regional differences in the structure of the lymph vessel are most markedly exhibited in the amount of the longitudinal and circular muscles. Furthermore, systematic differences are involved to a great extent in them, and local ones seem to be less significant. 5. Systematic differences. a) In the most peripheral lymph vessels the wall is thin, and contains only a small quantity of longitudinal muscle, suggesting the transformation to muscleless vessels. However, more proximally the wall becomes fairly thicker, the vessel showing considerable contraction. In this type the muscular coat is composed mostly of longitudinal bundles and only a few circular bundles can be recognized. Still nearer to the center the vessels are now made up of three muscular coats, namely, the inner logitudinal, the middle ciruclar and the outer longitudinal. As compared with the lumen the wall in rather thin, and contains less muscles, the contraction of the vessels growing weaker. According to these differences in the muscular architecture, author divided lymph vessels into five types. Of them the vessels consisted of three muscle coats seem to be designated as conducting lymph ducts. The thoracic duct and other lymph trunks as weel as vessels in the upper and lower limbs (excepting those in the periphery) and the chain of vessels ascending from the deep subinguinal nodes to the lumbar trunks belong to this category. Most of other medium-sized vessels belong to the vessels consisted only of longitudinal muscle. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NagahataShunro en-aut-sei=Nagahata en-aut-mei=Shunro kn-aut-name=長畠竣郎 kn-aut-sei=長畠 kn-aut-mei=竣郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部解剖学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=11-1 article-no= start-page=7163 end-page=7169 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19591020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Combination of Bilirubin with Proteins Part 2. A Study on the Combination of Bilirubin with Globin kn-title=Bilirubinと蛋白との結合に関する研究 第2編 Birirubinとglobinとの結合に就いて en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to study the combination of bilirubin with globin and also the combination of bilirubin with globin+albumin, the author estimated the absorption curves by means of paper electrophoresis using veronal buffer solution at pH 8.5 as the electrolyte and by paper chromatography at the first dimension using a 2% cane sugar solution as a developer, as well as by D-K type Beckman's autospectrophotometer; and obtained the follo wing results. 1. Sodium bilirubinate that is a direct bilirubin and dibasic acid bilirubin, an indirect bilirubin, both haye the capacity to combine with with globin. 2. Such combinations of bilirubins and globin do not control the mode of bilirubin to the diazo reaction. 3. When sodium bilirubinate is dissolved in the mixed solution of globin and albumin, it will combine with either one, namely, with globin and with albumin. Moreover, in this instance the mode of the proteins just as in the mode of sodium bilirubinate, shows a direct response to the diazo reaction but never an indirec response. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhtsukiMasanosuke en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Masanosuke kn-aut-name=大月昌之助 kn-aut-sei=大月 kn-aut-mei=昌之助 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-2 article-no= start-page=7073 end-page=7078 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Properties of Monomethoxyl-Bilirubindimethylester and Dimethoxybilirubin Dimethylester Part 2 A Study on the Combination of Monomethoxy-bilirubindimethylester and Dimethoxy-bilirubindimethylester with Serum Proteins kn-title=Monomethoxy-bilirubindimethylester及びdimethoxy-bilirubindimethylesterの性状に関する研究 第2篇 血清蛋白との結合に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the purpose to study the combination of monomethoxybilirubindimethylester (monoether) and dimethoxy-bilirubindimethylester (diether) with serum proteins the author studied monoether and diether useing veronal buffer solution at pH 8.5 as the electrolyte and bilirubindimethylester with normal human serum solution as the control by means of paper electrophoresis; and obtained the following results. 1. As monoether and diether are both difficult to dissolve in serum, it is difficult to prepare a concentrated serum solution but all albumins combined with these two ethers. 2. When these bilirubinoids are dissolved in serum with the use of Emasol 3130, a nonionic interface activator, these ethers are dissociated from albumins and they spread out to the distance equal to γ-globulin position. In the case of crystalline bilirubin and β-carotine, the results are exactly identical. In other words, the combination of these ethers with albumins seems to be not so persistent but is a relatively mild interactioin between these different molecules. 3. In place of the serum as mentioned above, when the bilirubinoids are dissolved in γ-globulin, likewise they spread out to the same position of γ-globulin. 4. When the bilirubinoinds, with Emasol 3130, are dissolved in a sulfate buffer solution pH 7.4, these are also spread out the distance equal to the position of γ-globulin. Namely, the reason why these bilirubinoids are distributed in the same position as of γ-globulin seems to lie in the fact that the motility of both non-ionic interface activator and γ-globulin is equal. 5. In the speed curve of the diazo reaction in the case where bilirubindimethylester, monoether, diether are dissolved in serum with non-ionic interface activator, Emasol 3130, bilirubindimethylester presents the direct form while monoether and diether the indirect form. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ArichiSumiro en-aut-sei=Arichi en-aut-mei=Sumiro kn-aut-name=有地澄郎 kn-aut-sei=有地 kn-aut-mei=澄郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-2 article-no= start-page=6925 end-page=6930 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Study on Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Incorporation by Radioactive Sulfuri Acid (H(2)S(35)O(4)) kn-title=放射性硫酸(H(2)S(35)O(4))を用いたフェノールの硫酸抱合に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1. When H(2)S(35)O(4) is administered to normal rabbits, 64.1 per cent of the radioactive sulfuric acid is excreted in the urine within 12 hours, 71.7 per cent within 36 hours, and the greater majority of it (73.1%) is excreted within 84 hours. Even in the case administered concomitantly with phenol, similarly 60.2 per cent of H(2)S(35)O(4) is excreted within 12 hours, 69.2 per cent within 36 hours, and 71.9 per cent within 84 hours. 2. In the case where phenol is administered concomitantly with H(2)S(35)O(4), there can be seen no great difference in the total radioactivity of sulfuric acid excreted as compared with that in the case given no phenol, showing an increase in the radioactivity of organic sulfuric acid and a decrease in the same of inorganic sulfuric acid. In other words, organic radioactive sulfuric acid is synthesized from the inorganic radioactive sulfuric acid administered. 3. The rate of flow (Rf) shown by the spot where the radioactivity is located on the paper chromatography in developing the urine obtained from the guinea-pigs administered phenol and H(2)S(35)O(4) concurrently coincides with the spot developed with Diazo reagent on the paper chromatography of the normal guinea-pig urine admixed with phenol-sulfuric acid. Namely, the organic sulfuric acid excreted in the urine after the concomitant administration of phenol and H(2)S(35)O(4) is phenol sulfuric acid. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OgataMasana en-aut-sei=Ogata en-aut-mei=Masana kn-aut-name=緒方正名 kn-aut-sei=緒方 kn-aut-mei=正名 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkazakiMasaharu en-aut-sei=Okazaki en-aut-mei=Masaharu kn-aut-name=岡崎雅治 kn-aut-sei=岡崎 kn-aut-mei=雅治 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuwadaAkira en-aut-sei=Kuwada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name=桑田昭 kn-aut-sei=桑田 kn-aut-mei=昭 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-2 article-no= start-page=6917 end-page=6924 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=An Incident of Food Poisoning by Salmonella Contained in the Food Regularly Served at a Certain Factory Dining Hall kn-title=某工場給食に因るSalmonella食中毒の1例 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the investigations on the mode of outbreak, general symptoms and causative bacteria concerning a food poisoning incident that broke out on August 14, 1958 in a factory in Hiroshima prefecture, the author has been able to clarify the following points. 1. Of 269 persons partaking the same meals, 88 persons were attacked by food poisoning, namely, 32.7 per cent of the total; and of them 38.6 per cent developed the symptoms making them unable to work. A higher percentage was in female, but relatively severer cases were among males. As for the age range in the age ranging 20-30 years and in those above 50 years the percentage was low, but the symptoms in those above 50 years were relatively severe. 2. The latent period appeared to be 12-24 hours in most of them. 3. As for the symptoms the patients showed an acute gastroenteritic picture such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, accompanied by fever and headache. 4. The majority of them recovered on the second or on the third day afterwards. 5. The food in question was assumed to be the ones served on August 13th, the day before the outbreak of poisoning. From the findings of excreta culture in 5 patients Salmonella were detected, and by the antigen analysis it was determined as Salmonella dublin. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuwadaAkira en-aut-sei=Kuwada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name=桑田昭 kn-aut-sei=桑田 kn-aut-mei=昭 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-2 article-no= start-page=6787 end-page=6790 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on B(1)-Effect of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryldisulfide (TTFD) Part 2. The Therapeutic Effect of TTFD on the Vitamin-B(1) Deficiency kn-title=Thiamine TetrahydrofurfuryldisulfideのビタミンB(1)効果に関する研究 (II) 徐脈試験によるビタミンB(1)欠乏治癒効果について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the purpose to study the therapeutic effects of the derivatives of alkyldisulfide form-B(1) on the fall in the pulse beats, the author performed experiments with albino rats by administering TTFD and pursued the recovery of the fall in the pulse beats and compared these results with the effects of B1 and TPD. Forty albino rats weighing about 60g each were fed on the regular diet for two weeks and they were given a vitamin-B(1) deficient food. Then selecting those showing B(1)-deficiency and having the pulse beats of about 300/min, these were divided into three gruops of each given a subcutaneous injection of B(1), TPD, or TTFD in the dose equivalent to 5γ B(1), and the changes in their pulse beat were estimaed along with the lapse of time by electrocardiogram. As the results all the three groups showed the favorable effect on the low pulse beats. Namely, the rate of rise in the pulse beat was more rapid in TPD and TTFD groups rather in that of B(1) group. The maximum increase in the pulse beat in the B(1)-group was superior to TPD group, whill the maximum in TTFD group was inferior to the other two groups. The duration of therapeutic effect was longest with TPD followed by B(1) and shortest with TTFD. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyakeKenji en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name=三宅健二 kn-aut-sei=三宅 kn-aut-mei=健二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部小児科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-2 article-no= start-page=6781 end-page=6785 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on B(1)-Effect of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryldisulfide (TTFD) Part 1. Preventive Effect of TTFD on Vitamin B(1)-deficiency in Lovebirds kn-title=Thiamine TetrahydrofurfuryldisulfideのビタミンB(1)効果に関する研究 (I) TTFDのジウシマツB(1)欠乏症予防効果について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As a disulfide form B(1), namely, thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryldisulfide (TTFD) possessing tetrahydrofurfuryl group, has been synthesized on the heel of alkyldisulfide form B(1) derivatives such as thiamine propyldisulfide (TPD) and thiamine oxyethyldisulfide (TOED), etc, the author with purpose to compare B(1)-effects not only of TTFD, but also of TPD and TOED, carried out a series of experiments on the prevention of B(1) deficiency in lovebirds. For the test animals 28 lovebirds weighing about 12g each and fed on the routine feed for one week were divided into 5 groups, and they were then fed on B(1) deficient standard feed. One group was taken as the control, and each of four other groups was daily fed orally on 0.006μM of B(1), TPD, TOED and TTFD respectively at a given time for 16-17 days. Next, the daily dose of each was cut down to 0.003μM, and the daily body weight and the length of survival time were recorded. The dose of 0.006μM is equivalent to about 2γ B(1). The experiments were repeated twice, and in the second series tow birds selected from each group on the eleventh day, namely, on the day just before the vitamin B(1)-deficient group died of cramps, were sacrificed, and the total B(1) contents in the liver, heart and brain were estimated. The quantitative analysis of B(1) was carried out by the thiochrome method and estimated by Coleman's fluorescent spectroscope. The duration of survival in the B(1)-deficient group was on the average of 8.8 days, while that given B(1), TPD, and TTFD was on the average of 16.4, 202, and 17.0 days respectively. The total B(1)-contents in the organs were 59.0γ, 119.0μ, and 79.6γ in the liver, heart and brain respectively. In the groups administered B(1), TPD, and TTFD, the contents in the liver of each were 259.1γ, 251.1γ, and 206.2γ; in the heart, 289. 2γ, 242.3γ, and 228.5γ; and in the brain, 135.2γ, 145.6γ and 121.9γ respectively. Among the groups given B1-derivative there is no significant difference, but the groups given B(1), the B(1)-content of the heart is somewhat greater while the B(1)-contents of the liver, heart and brain in TTFD group were slightly lower than in other groups. 1. From these it has been confirmed that TPD, TOED, and TTFD like B(1) all prolong the span of life and show the effect preventing B(1) deficiency. 2. Among them the preventive effect of TPD is most marked, while the other B(1)-derivatives show the effect not greatly different from that of B(1). 3. On estimating values of B(1)-contents in the organs of the each gruop on the eleventh day, the tissue B(1)-contents of the liver, heart and brain in TTFD group were somewhat less than these in B(1)-group or in TPD group. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyakeKenji en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name=三宅健二 kn-aut-sei=三宅 kn-aut-mei=健二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部小児科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-1 article-no= start-page=6679 end-page=6689 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical and Experimental Studies on the Ototoxity of Dihydrostreptomycin Part 2. Experimental Studies on the Impairments of the Auditory Organs Induced by Dihydrostreptmycin (with a special reference to the pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system) kn-title=ジヒドロストレプトマイシンの聴覚障碍に関する臨床的並びに実験的研究 第2編 ジヒドロストレプトマイシンによる聴器障碍に関する実験的研究殊にその末梢神経系の病変に就て en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the purpose to determine the pothological changes occurring in the peripheral auditory organs in the animals administered various doses of dihydrostreptmycin, with a special reference to the changes in the spiral ganglion cells, as well as to study the progress after the acute poisoning induced by this drug, the author conducted the present experiments using three groups of guinea pigs, namely, one group inecjected with a large dose of 300 mg dihydrostreptmycin (DHSM) per day, another group injected with an intermediate dose of 200 mg, and still other with a minimal dose of 100 mg. For the investigation of nerve cells the author excised only the modiolus by breaking the cochlear bony shell with a bar and an incision needle under a bright field of binocular microscope and fixed it after one day's decalification. This method employed by author proved to be significantly satisfactory for the determination of the pathological changes in nerve cells. Histopathological changes 1. When DHSM is injectid intramuscularly, pathological changes are induced in the peripheral auditory nerve, namely, organ of Corti, cochelear nerve fibers and spiral ganglions, but the greatest injury appears in the organ of Corti, especially in inner and outer hair cells. 2. These pathological changes are more marked at the base of the spiral and they grow less severe nearer to the end of the spiral. 3. This method of observing pathological changes of the spiral ganglions by modiolus method greatly improves the accuracy in the determination of such changes, and for this reason it is believed this method to be of a great significance. 4. These pathological changes are considered to be the cause of deafness. 5. The severity of pathological changes does not necessarily parallel with the doses of the drug administered and this seems to be due to some individual differences in the resistance against the drug. 6. As there occurs a degenerative atrophy of the end organs as well as spiral ganglion cells and nerve fibers in the inner ear of those animals either staving or emaciated, it is advisable to exclude those animals that lost more than 20-30 percent of the body weight from such experiment. 7. These pathological changes showed no tendency to recover spontaneously. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakamatsuMakoto en-aut-sei=Takamatsu en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=高松真 kn-aut-sei=高松 kn-aut-mei=真 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-1 article-no= start-page=6669 end-page=6677 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical and Experimental Studies on the Ototoxity of Dihydrostreptomycin Part 1. Clinical Observations on the Ototoxity of Dihydrostreptomycin kn-title=ジヒドロストレプトマイシンの聴覚障碍に関する臨床的並びに実験的研究 第1編 ジヒドロストレプトマイシンの聴覚障碍に関する臨床的観察 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As the results of various examinations conducted on 367 patients, suffering from lung tuberculosis and having received dihydrostreptomycin (DHSM.), twenty-seven cases of them, seven percent, revealed the hearing impairment apparently caused by DHSM The author studied carefully the inter-relationship among such factor as the initial symptoms and the time of the onset of these symptoms, the type and the degree of hearingloss, the total dosage of the drug given to each patient up to the onset of cochlear symptoms, the duration of time elapsed up to the fixation of hearingloss, and the treatment; and obtained the following findings. 1) Tinnitus is an important symptoms in the early stage previous to the appearance of disturbances in hearing. 2) The disturbances in hearing caused by this drug at the early stages are marked in the high tonel level up to 8000 cps. Moreover, it is noticeable that there exists a typical type of hearing impairment, namely the type that decends abruptly just at 8000 cps. 3) The appearance of such disturbances is greatly correlated with individual susceptibility, namely, with his congenital factor. 4) The early discovery of these disturbances can only be attained by frequent and scrutinous examinations of hearing. 5) As for the prognosis of these disturbances, the cessation of the administration of this drug after a relatively early discovery can sometimes improve the conditions though slightly. 6) Though there are hardly any cases whose tinitus as well as the hearingloss have improved after the treatments by VB(1), VA, a decrease or disappearance only of tinitus with a subsequent improvement in subjective hearing has been recognized in some cases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakamatsuMakoto en-aut-sei=Takamatsu en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=高松真 kn-aut-sei=高松 kn-aut-mei=真 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-1 article-no= start-page=6657 end-page=6667 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Immuno-histological Studies on Hepatitis Part 3. A Study on the Pathogenesis of the So-called Hapatitic Cholecystopathy kn-title=肝炎に関する免疫組織学的研究 第3編 いわゆる肝炎性胆のう症の発生病理に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the cases of infectious hepatitis that has a complication of cholecystopathy, the author studied mainly its pathogenesis; and obtained the following results. 1. Out of 138 cases with hepatitis 33 cases (23.9%) had cholecystopathy as the complication. When these 33 cases are studied histologically by liver biopsy, periacinar form of chronic infectious hepatitis is found in 13 cases (39.3%), occupying the greatest percentage; followed by acute infectious hepatitis in 5 cases (15.2%), parenchymatous form of chronic infectious hepatitis in 4 (12.1%), posthepatitic cirrhosis in 4 (12.1%); and posthepatitic fibrosis in 2 (6.1%). On the other hand, judging cholecystopathy from various patho-histological forms, cholangiolitic hepatitis in 100%; periacinar form of chronic infectious hepatitis in 43.3%; posthepatitic fibrosis in 28.6%; parenchymatous form of chronic infectious hepatitis in 20%; posthepatitic cirrhosis in 11.9%; and acute infectious hepatitis in 11.8%. 2. Those showing biliary dyskinesia are mainly composed of the form revealing no marked changes in the liver biopsy (so-called posthepatitis syndrome) or the periacinar form of chronic infectious hepatitis. 3. Those having the complication of cholecystitis are more frequently found in acute infectious hepatitis and posthepatitic cirrhosis. 4. Generally even in the liver biopsy at the time of operation the infiltration of round cells and edema formation in portal region are characteristic traits of the common cholecystitis. 5. In the necropsy of infectious hepatitis likewise the liver and gallbladder are affected simultaneously; and the edema formation from the sublayer of mucous membrane to the sublayer of serous membrane and the congestion of capillary blood vessels with cell infiltration are the main common histological changes in the gallbladder. 6. When the antiserum obtained from the rabbit sensitized with dog abdominal organs (liver, gallbladder, duodenum, stomach, and rectal mucous membrane) as the antigen is injected into dogs, allergic cholecystitis can be induced in 100% of the animals with the use of gallbladder antiserum; in 80% with liver antiserum; in 60% with antiserum of rectal mucous membrane; and in 40% each with stomach antiserum or with antiserum of duodenal mucous membrane. In these instances intralobular and portal cell infiltration and edema formation in portal region can also be observed. 7. The characteristic traits of hepatitic cholecystopathy are the edema formation extending from the sublayer of the gallbladder mucous membrane to the sublayer of serous membrane and cell infiltration around blood vessels. As for the pathogenesis there seems to multiple factors; namely, dyscholia due to functional disturbances of the liver, the loss of the gallbladder motility due to invasion of inflammation inducing substances from portal tract through lymph ducts on serous inflammation, and also it is possible to be met with the secondary infection with an increase in the number of intestinal bacteria coexisting, and in some the involvement of allergic inflammation in gallbladder can be recognized. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OhtaYasuyuki en-aut-sei=Ohta en-aut-mei=Yasuyuki kn-aut-name=太田康幸 kn-aut-sei=太田 kn-aut-mei=康幸 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-1 article-no= start-page=6595 end-page=6609 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Incomplete Antibody and Organ Antibodies Part 1. Incomplete antibodies in various diseases kn-title=不完全抗体並に臓器抗体に関する研究 第1編 諸疾患における不完全抗体について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By applying direct Coombs' tests on 288 cases of various diseases mainly of liver disease the author obtained the following results. 1. Incomplete antibodies have been detected in 11 cases out of 33 acute hepatitis; in 6 out of 11 serum hepatitis; in 12 of 40 chronic hepatitis; in 10 of 29 liver cirrhosis; in 2 of 9 hepatoma; in 3 cases of acquired hemolytic anemia; in 2 cases of hypoplastic anemia; in one out of 4 essential thrombocytopenic purpura; in one of 6 Schönlein-Henoch's purpura; 2 of 4 Banti's syndrome; one Hodgkin's disease; in 2 lupus erythematodes; in one cancer of pancreas; in 2 ulcerous colitis; and in one of 21 acute and chronic hephritis, to the total of 57 cases. 2. Four cases of posthepatitic syndrome; 2 subacute yellow liver atrophy; one each of amyloid liver, liver-brain syndrome, and liver distomiasis, one each of congenital hemolytic anemia, familial non-hemolytic jaundice, and hemophilia, and one each of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia, 2 rheumatic arthritis, one periarteritisnodosa, 20 cholecystitis, 2 splenic venous thrombosis, 23 cases of gastric and duodenal ulcers, 16 hypertension, 9 diabetes, 4 Basedow's disease, 6 pericarditis lenta, and other 17 cases proved to be negative to direct Coombs' tests. 3. It has been clarified that incomplete antibodies can be detected in various diseases, but the incomplete antibody appears in a relatively high percentage especially in hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. However, even in the cases proved to be positive to Coombs' test the symptoms signifying an increase in hemolysis are often not necessarily distinct. Namely, of 57 cases responding pnsitive to Coombs' tests besides 3 cases of acquired hemolytic anemia, one acute hepatitis, one serum hepatitis, one chronic hepatitis, one liver cirrhosis, 2 hypoplastic anemia, one Banti's syndrome and one Hodkin's disease to the total of 11 cases demonstrated clearly the mechanism of hemolysis. Moreover, those who were suspected of hemolytic anemia amounted to the total of 8 cases; 2 acute hepatitis, 2 chronic hepatitis, one liver cirrhosis, one lupus erythematodes and one cancer of pancreas. 4. It has been clarified that there exists an immuno-hemolytic factor, derived from the so-called auto-immunization, plays an important role in a fair number of cases with the anemia, usually seen in the diseases such as liver, blood, collagen or malignant neoplastic diseases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UjikeMutsuo en-aut-sei=Ujike en-aut-mei=Mutsuo kn-aut-name=氏家睦夫 kn-aut-sei=氏家 kn-aut-mei=睦夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-1 article-no= start-page=6577 end-page=6585 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Production of Bile Pigment in vivo Part 1. Spectrochemical Study on Decomposition Processes of Methemaglobin by 1-Ascorbic Acid and Molecular Oxygens kn-title=試験内胆汁色素生成に関する研究 第1編 Methaemoglobinのl-Ascorbin酸と分子酸素による分解過程に関する分光化学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By amking 1-ascorbic acid and molecular oxygens act upon methemoglobin the author studied the decomposition processes spectrochemically and obtained the following results. 1. In preparing methemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin with sodium nitrite no spectrochemical effect of sodium nitrite can be recognized on methemoglobin. 2. Methemoglobin is reduced to oxyhemoglobin in the presence of 1-ascorbic acid and molecular oxygen and thereafter it shows a similar decomposition processes as observable in the case of oxyhemoglobin. 3. This reaction is affected by molecular oxygens namely, when the quantity of molecular oxygen is large, the speed of the reaction is greater but the production of 670 mμ substance is inhibited; whereas when the quantity of molecualr oxygen is small, the absorption index of 670 mμ and 630 mμ substances is greater. 4. The 670 mμ and 630 mμ substances that are intermediate substances of this reaction are reversible to one another depending upon the quantity of moecular oxygen present. 5. This reaction is affected by the ion concentration; namely, between pH 6.8 and pH 7.7 at pH 7.2 the 670 mμ and 630 mμ substances are produced in the greatest amounts. 6. This reaction is affected by 1-ascorbic acid; namely, with the increase in the amount of ascorbia acid the speed of reaction is accelerated. 7. This reaction is affected also by temperature; namely, with a rise in temperature the reaction is accelerated whereas with a fall in temperature the reaction is retarded. 8. At an eary stage of this reaction dipyrromethen serlies substances are produced by the decomposition of the 670 mμ and 630 mμ substances. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TarumiShoji en-aut-sei=Tarumi en-aut-mei=Shoji kn-aut-name=垂水昭二 kn-aut-sei=垂水 kn-aut-mei=昭二 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-1 article-no= start-page=6523 end-page=6538 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Oxygen Consumption and Glycolysis of Bone Marrow Part 2. A Study on the Glycolysis of the Sternal Bone Marrow in Various Leukemias kn-title=骨髄の呼吸解糖作用に関する研究 第2編 各種白血病患者胸骨穿刺液の解糖作用に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the sternal bone marrow obtained from various leukemias definitely diagnosed by their bone-marrow tissue culture the author measured the glycolysis in the sternal bone marrow and obtained the following results. 1. Anaerobic glycolysis of 0.2 cc/hr sternal bone marrow in leukemia is markedly increased as compared with that in normal persons, and the grads of such an increase differs according to the form of diseases. Pointing out the form of leukemias from the greater to the lesser acceleration in the anaerobic glycolysis, they are in the order of acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, monocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 2. The acceleration of X(M)(N)(2)/K is most marked in acute myelogenous leukemia followed by monocytic leukemia, and in chronic myelogenous leukemia it is close to the normal value, while in lymphocytic leukemia it is less than the normal value. In the case with a higher percentage of immature cells there is an increasing tendency in X(M)(N)(2)/K. 3. With a single exception of chronic lymphocytic leukemia Q(M)(N)(2) is accelerated in every form of leukemia, and in pointing out the ones with marked acceleration and down they are in the order of acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, monocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Moreover, those with greater number of nucleated cells and a higher percentage of immature cells in bone marrow the value of Q(M)(N)(2) tends to be greater. 4. The aerobic glycolysis in leukemia does not show any marked difference from that in arachnoiditis adhaesiva, idiopathic ardiaspasmus, diabetes mellitus, hookworm disease, hypoplastic anaemia and Banti's syndrome. 5. The ratio between the oxygen consumption and anaerobic glycolysis (Q(M)(N)(2)/Qo(2)), though less than that in malignant tumor, is higher than normal. This increase is especially marked in acute leukemia but slight in chronic leukemia, and in monocytic leukemia it is intermediate between the acute leukemia (myelogenous and lymphocytic) and the chronic leukemia (myelogenous and lymphocytic). Namely, the anaerobic glycolysis in the leukemic bone marrow is accelerated as compared with that in normal bone marrow, but the grade of such an increase differs according to the form of diseases; and it is most prominent in acute leukemia; relatively slight in chronic leukemia; and it is intermediate between the acute and the chronic in monocytic leukemia. The value of Q(M)(N)(2)/O(2) indicates that the metabolism of leukemia is intermediate between the normal bone marrow and that in malignant tumor. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SanadaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Sanada en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=真田浩 kn-aut-sei=真田 kn-aut-mei=浩 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=10-1 article-no= start-page=6293 end-page=6309 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590920 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on Leukemia Part 2. Clinical and Statistical Observations of the Peripheral Blood Picture in Various Leukemias kn-title=白血病に関する研究 第2編 各種白血病に於ける末梢血液像に関する臨床統計的観察 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author carried out clinical and statistical observations of the peripheral blood picture in various leukemias occurring in the Chugoku-Shikoku District, with a special reference to the comparative study on the two groups treated in our department, namely, the group whose bone marrow was cultured and the other without such a culture finding. However, cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are not included in the present statistics as their number was trivial. 1. Hb content and erythrocyte count: The decrease in Hb content and erythrocyte count is most marked in acute myelogenous leukemia, followed by acute lymphocytic leukemia, and it is least in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The decrease in Hb and erythrocytes of monocytic leukemia occupies an intermediate position between the above two. 2. The color index: The color index is comparatively high in acute type while it tends to be lower in chronic type. 3. Leucocyte count: The aleukemic form is greatest in monocytic leukemia followed in descending order of that in acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia, and all of these aleukemic ones occupy more than 1/3 of the total. However, in chronic myelogenous leukemia it is extremely rare to find the aleukemic form. 4. Reticulocyte count: The reticulocyte count in the peripheral blood of leukemia is generally normal or is increased. 5. Platelet count: The platelet count is about at the normal level in chronic myelogenous leukemia, and in some it is increased. However, it is decreased in all other leukemias. In monocytic leukemia it resembles that in acute type. 6. Classification of leucocytes: In acute myelogenous leukemia myeloblasts occupy a greater proportion and also matured leucocytes are quite many. Intermediate immature cells are low in percentage but it is rare not to see any intermediate immature cells. In chronic myelogenous leukemia mature neutrophils are numerous but immature neutrophils are a few in number. In acute lymphocytic leukemia a high percentage of lymphatic cells accompanied by a marked increase in lymphoblasts can be observed. In monocytic leukemia intermdiate mature cells are in a low proportion, and monoblasts are less than in acute type, presenting the characteristic intermediate between acute type and chronic type. Namely, monocytic leukemia is an intermediate type between acute leukemia and chronic leukemia, and it is difficult to divide it into acute and chronic types. 7. Relationship between the leucocyte count and leucocyte percentage: On the whole the increase in the number of leucocytes and myeloblast percentage show a mutual relationship. In monocytic leukemia those whose increase in the number of leucocytes is more marked show a greater number of monoblasts, approaching to the acute type. 8. Relationship between the leucocyte count and platelet count: There can be seen no relationship between the leucocyte count and platelet count. 9. Relationship between the leucocyte count and swelling of the spleen and lymph nodes: In acute lymphocytic leukemia the more marked is the increase in the number of leucocytes the greater is the palpitation frequency and the degere of swelling of the spleen and lymph nodes. In chronic myelogenous leukemia the degree of splenomegaly increases along with the increase in the nmnber of leucocytes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuyamaTsuneo en-aut-sei=Matsuyama en-aut-mei=Tsuneo kn-aut-name=松山恒男 kn-aut-sei=松山 kn-aut-mei=恒男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部平木内科教室 END