1. Adversive movements were induced by electrical stimulation and metrazol injection on area 4c of the cerebral cortex. 2. The adversive movement from area 4c does not pass through the thalamus, nucleus caudatus, nucleus lenticularis or superior collicuIus, but through direct efferent pathways in the internal capsule. 3. The adversive movement from area 4c passes through the pyramidal tract.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=JinnaiDennosuke en-aut-sei=Jinnai en-aut-mei=Dennosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KosakaFutami en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Futami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=265 end-page=282 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1957 dt-pub=195709 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=On the March of the Cerebellar Epi?leptic Convlsion in Dogs en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1) Cerebellar convulsion was identical with the cerebral cortical epileptic convulsion and the number of cases in which the march of spasm was observed were quite the same as that of cases in which convulsion occurred at the same time on the whole body. 2) No convulsion occurred by stimulation of the vermis cerebellaris and also convulsions occurred very rarely by that of the cerebellar nuclei. 3) In cases having the march of spasm caused by stimulation of the lobus lunatus anterior, spasm began in the fore limb, while by stimulation of the lobus lunatus inferior and lobus semilunaris spasm started mainly in the hind limb on the side of stimulation. 4) In the case of stimulation of cerebellum, the pathway of the impulse to the opposite side was considered to be the communication between both cerebellar hemispheres and both thalami and thus the march of spasm spread from one side of the body to the other side. 5) No march of cerebellar epileptic convulsion occurred without the cerebral motor cortex. 6) After the removal of both sides of the cerebral motor cortex no march occurred, but the general convulsion occurred. 7) No convulsion occurred by stimulation of the cerebellar hemisphere after the removal of both thalami or both nuclei lenticulares. 8) The march of convulsion occurs by close cooperation of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. It seems that for the impulse of the convulsion the extrapyramidal tract plays an important role, while for the start of the convulsion, that is, march of spasm pyramidal tract plays the main role.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=JinnaiDennosuke en-aut-sei=Jinnai en-aut-mei=Dennosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KosakaFutami en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Futami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Osaka University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=26 end-page=69 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1954 dt-pub=195412 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Experimental Studies on the March of Spasm During Epileptic Convulsion en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=March of spasm in epileptic convulsions was first observed by Tackson in 1863, when he said that in certain epileptic convulsions there is a phenomenon, where the convulsion starts from a certain muscle group and gradually spreads to other muscle groups. He called this, "march of spasm" and reported that it spreads according to the arrangement of motor representations in Rolando's area of the cerebral cortex. Since then, many important studies concerning the cerebral motor cortex were performed and reported. Recently, when Erickson had brought out a method in measuring electroencephalographic waves, Jackson's theory has been acknowledged. In Japan, Hayashi and his school has made an extensive study on epileptic convulsion. They used nicotine, cardiazol and others as chemical stimulations and decided the conduction tract of epileptic convulsion in dogs. The characteristic part of chemical stimulation is that, the nelve cells excite themselves when it is injected directly among them in certain concentrations and do not excite themselves when performed among nerve fibers. This was proved by Ishizuka. We used this method in dogs to see what was the mechanism of this phenomenon, "march" which is seen in epileptic convulsions and what tracts they took for conduction. And as its result, we found new facts that the presence of the motor cortex was needed for the march of spasm, and the conduction tract descending from the lenticular nucleus were quite different from Hayashi and his school had previously reported.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=JinnaiDennosuke en-aut-sei=Jinnai en-aut-mei=Dennosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaTakakazu en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Takakazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SoujiTerumichi en-aut-sei=Souji en-aut-mei=Terumichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KosakaFutami en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Futami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=81 end-page=86 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=199404 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Dual Effects of Cortical Polarization on Peripheral Motor Activity in the Rabbit en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Anodal direct currents at intensities ranging from 0.3 to 30.0 microA were unilaterally applied for 30 min once a day to the premotor area of the rabbit cerebral cortex. The anodal polarization was repeated 10 times at intervals of 2-3 days, and the effect on the motor activity of the forelimbs during and after each polarization trial was compared with that before polarization. Peripheral motor activity was classified as either gentle flexion of forelimbs or struggle with violent movement of forelimbs. A current of 0.3 microA caused no change in motor behavior. Flexion of the forelimb contralateral to the polarized cortex was clearly increased when a polarizing current of 1.0 or 3.0 microA was applied, and peak flexion was observed between the third and seventh polarization trials. A current of 10 or 30 microA had no effect on forelimb flexion. Conversely, forelimb struggle on both sides was decreased when 10.0 or 30.0 microA, but not 1.0 or 3.0 microA, was applied. These results show that anodal polarization of the cerebral cortex exerts dual effects on peripheral motor activity, probably through changes in cortical excitability associated with the current intensity.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LuYun-Fei en-aut-sei=Lu en-aut-mei=Yun-Fei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HattoriYukio en-aut-sei=Hattori en-aut-mei=Yukio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiYasushi en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Yasushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HoriYasuo en-aut-sei=Hori en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=anodal polarization kn-keyword=anodal polarization en-keyword=dominant focus kn-keyword=dominant focus en-keyword=motor behavior kn-keyword=motor behavior en-keyword=cerebral cortex kn-keyword=cerebral cortex en-keyword=rabbit kn-keyword=rabbit END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=323 end-page=326 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=199412 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Repeated application of anodal direct current produces regional dominance in histamine-elicited cyclic AMP accumulation in rabbit cerebral cortex. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A unilateral 30-min application of anodal direct current to the promotor cortex of rabbits was repeated 10 times, and cyclic AMP accumulation in response to histamine was investigated in slices of different cortical areas. Polarization with 1.0 microA decreased the cyclic AMP accumulation in the cortical area contralateral to the polarization, by which regional dominance in cyclic AMP accumulation was produced in the polarized cortex. In contrast, the regional difference in cyclic AMP accumulation was reversed when 10.0 or 30.0 microA was applied. The histamine-elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP was almost completely inhibited by the selective H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine. These results suggest that repeated anodal polarization regionally alters H2-receptor-mediated cyclic AMP generation in the cortex depending on the intensity of the polarizing currents and this pattern of cyclic AMP accumulation is responsible for the characteristic motor behavior induced by anodal polarization.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MoriwakiAkiyoshi en-aut-sei=Moriwaki en-aut-mei=Akiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HattoriYukio en-aut-sei=Hattori en-aut-mei=Yukio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiYasushi en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Yasushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=luYun-fei en-aut-sei=lu en-aut-mei=Yun-fei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IslamNadira en-aut-sei=Islam en-aut-mei=Nadira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HoriYasuo en-aut-sei=Hori en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univeristy affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=anodal polarization kn-keyword=anodal polarization en-keyword=cyclic AMP kn-keyword=cyclic AMP en-keyword=histamine kn-keyword=histamine en-keyword=cerebral cortex kn-keyword=cerebral cortex en-keyword=rabbit kn-keyword=rabbit END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=293 end-page=296 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1988 dt-pub=198810 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of prolonged weak anodal direct current on electrocorticogram in awake rabbit. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The effects of prolonged weak anodal direct current (DC) on the electrocorticogram (ECoG) were investigated in awake rabbits. When the current (20-40 microA) was applied to the motor region of the cerebral cortex, seizure activity in the ECoG appeared from the frontal cortex. Repeated application of the DC decreased the threshold current for producing the seizure activity. Diazepam significantly elevated the threshold of the seizure activity. In contrast to the marked changes in the ECoG, no behavioral changes were observed during or after the application of weak anodal DC. The changes in the ECoG are discussed in relation to the intensity and duration of the DC.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HayashiYasushi en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Yasushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HattoriYukio en-aut-sei=Hattori en-aut-mei=Yukio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakiAkiyoshi en-aut-sei=Moriwaki en-aut-mei=Akiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AsakiHideki en-aut-sei=Asaki en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HoriYasuo en-aut-sei=Hori en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=rabbit cerebral cortex kn-keyword=rabbit cerebral cortex en-keyword=anodal direct current kn-keyword=anodal direct current en-keyword=electrocorticogram kn-keyword=electrocorticogram en-keyword=seizure activity kn-keyword=seizure activity en-keyword=diazepam kn-keyword=diazepam END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=36 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=237 end-page=240 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1982 dt-pub=198206 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Spindle-like activity appearing during paradoxical sleep in rats with iron-induced cortical focus. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Under barbiturate anesthesia, male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were injected with 2.5 microliters of 0.2 M FeCl3 solution into the left sensori-motor cortex to induce an epileptic focus with minimal abnormal activities. Polygraphy started 1 week after the surgery, showed a spindle-like hypersynchronous activity that appeared not only in the slow wave sleep period but also during paradoxical sleep (PS). This activity had a frequency of 8-14 Hz. The amplitude was more than 200 mu v in the right (non-injected side) cortex but very small in the left cortex (injected side). Isolated spike discharges were observed in an ECoG of slow wave sleep. Apart from this activity there was nothing resembling the usual sleep spindles.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UezuEiko en-aut-sei=Uezu en-aut-mei=Eiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HoriYasuo en-aut-sei=Hori en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=iron-induced focus kn-keyword=iron-induced focus en-keyword=paradoxical sleep kn-keyword=paradoxical sleep en-keyword=spindle-like activity kn-keyword=spindle-like activity END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=911 end-page=933 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19560731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Physiological and histological study on the different extension of the motor cortex of the brain Part U. On the motor cortex of the monkey brain kn-title=生理学的並に組織解剖学的にみたる大脳皮質運動領の範囲の差異に関する研究 第2編 猿脳皮質運動領における研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The same method of investigation as stated in part T was used on 4 cases of the monkey brain (Macaca muletta). 1) The extent of the center for the hind limb responded to electric stimulation was almost as same as or a little narrower than the extent with the Betz cells, while the extent of the center for the fore limb was much wider than the extent with the Betz cells. 2) The extent with motor response first appeared like islands at the threshold voltage, became larger as the voltage increased and then the extents for the upper and lower limbs became doubled, thus making the mixed area. 3) This enlargement of the mixed area by increased stimulation had a tendency to move towards the center for the lower limb. 4) The threshold of stimulation was the lowest at the center for the upper limb, then at that for the lower limb, and the highest at the mixed area. And even in the same center, the threshold was lower at the central part with more Betz cells and higher at the peripheral part with less Betz cells. From these facts, it would appear that the extent of the motor cortex determined physiologically is not always the same as the extent of the distribution of the Betz cells, but is due to the density and sensitivity of the original nerve cells of the pyramidal tract, regardless of the size of the cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MichinakaTomokatsu en-aut-sei=Michinaka en-aut-mei=Tomokatsu kn-aut-name=道中智勝 kn-aut-sei=道中 kn-aut-mei=智勝 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=901 end-page=910 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19560731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Physiological and histological study on the different extension of the motor cortex of the brain Part T. On the motor cortex of the human brain kn-title=生理学的並に組織解剖学的にみたる大脳皮質運動領の範囲の差異に関する研究 第1編 人脳皮質運動領における研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Electric stimulation was performed on the motor cortex of the human brain in 30 cases of epileptics and then histological investigation was made on the removed specimen of the brain. The extent of the center for the upper limb was relatively wide and the extent of the center for the lower limb was hardly discovered by electric stimulation. In the center of the upper limb, the extent for fingers was the widest and responded by the lowest voltage, then following order of the wrist, the elbow and the shoulder joint. The area anteriorly close to the Rolandic fissure, even if without any motor response to electric stimulation, had mostly the giant pyramidal cells of Betz, especially the area close to the midline had always bigger Betz cells. The gyri anteriorly distant from the Rolandic fissure, even if with motor response to electric stimulation, hardly had the Betz cells. No Betz cells were observed in the responded area of the area 6 and posterior to the Rolandic fissure. From these results the theory seems to be not reliable that the motr response caused by electric stimulation is due to the Betz cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MichinakaTomokatsu en-aut-sei=Michinaka en-aut-mei=Tomokatsu kn-aut-name=道中智勝 kn-aut-sei=道中 kn-aut-mei=智勝 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=851 end-page=860 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19560731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the adversive movement of the area 4c of the motor cortex kn-title=皮質運動領分野4cの向反運動に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=After the removal of the thalamus, nucleus caudatus, nucleus lenticularis, superior colliculus, or internal capsule, or after laminar coagulation of the motor cortex, electrical and chemical stimulation was made on the area 4c of the motor cortex of dogs. The results were as follows: 1) An adversive movement occurred by electrical stimulation and metrazol injection on the area 4c of the cerebral cortex. 2) The adversive movement from the area 4c does not pass through the thalamus, nucleas caudatus, nucleus lenticularis or superior colliculus, but through the direct efferent pathway in the internal capsule. 3) The adversive movement from the area 4c passes through the pyramidal tract. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaFutami en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Futami kn-aut-name=小坂二度見 kn-aut-sei=小坂 kn-aut-mei=二度見 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=823 end-page=850 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19560731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the march of the cerebellar epileptic convulsion in dogs kn-title=小脳性癲癇痙攣の体節波及に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The epileptic convulsion was caused by local injection of 10% metrazol in the cerebellar cortex and its march was researched. The results were as follows. 1) The convulsion was identical with the cerebral cortical epileptic convulsion and the number of cases in which the march of spasm was observed was quite the same as that of cases in which the convulsion occurred simultaneously in all parts of body. 2) No convulsion was occurred by the stimulation upon the vermis cerebellaris and also it occurred very rarely by that upon the cerebellar nuclei. 3) In cases having the march of spasm caused by stimulation upon Lobus lunatus anterior (L.l. ant.) began in the fore limb, while by stimulation upon L.l. inf. and L. semil. mainly in the hind limb on the same side of stimulation. 4) In cases of cerebellar stimulation, the pathway of the impulse was to be between the both cerebellar hemisphere and both thalami and thus the march of spasm spread from one side of the body to the other side. 5) No march of the cerebellar epileptic convulsion occurred without the cerebral motor cortex. 6) After the removal of both side of the cerebral motor cortex no march occurred but the general convulsion occurred simultaneously. 7) No convulsion occurred by stimulation upon the cerebellar hemisphere after the removal of both thalami or both nuclei lenticulares. 8) The march of convulsion was occurred by a close assimilation of pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. It seems that for impulse of convulsion the extrapyramidal tract plays important role, while for start of march the pyramidal tract plays mainly. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaFutami en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Futami kn-aut-name=小坂二度見 kn-aut-sei=小坂 kn-aut-mei=二度見 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=541 end-page=562 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19560630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On compensation of the motor function after removal of the motor cortex kn-title=皮質運動領剔除後の運動代償機能に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=After the removal of various centers of the motor cortex in dogs, investigations were made; i.e. The problem of exchange or migration of the motor centers proved by electric stimulation, the function of compensation, implicated arrangement of the nerve cells of the different centers and the compensation between both hemisphere. 1) In the remaining motor cortex a phenomenon of exchange of the motor centers was observed. The migration of the area for the hind limb (H.A.) into the area for the fore limb (F.A.) in case of the removal of H.A. and the mixed area (M.A), was more frequently observed than that of F.A. into H.A. in case of the removal of F.A and M.A. But no migration was observed when all of these F.A., M.A. and H.A. were unilaterally or bilaterally removed. 2) Recovery from paralysis of the fore limb in case of removal of F.A. and M.A. came later than that of the hind limb in case of removal of H.A. and M.A. And in case of the removal of all of these F.A., M.A. and H.A. the recovery of the hind limb came a little earlier than that of the fore limb. 3) When F.A. and M.A. were removed, a slight paralysis of the hind limb was mostly observed in addition to the paralysis of the fore limb. When the H.A. and M.A. were removed, however, the paralysis of the fore limb could hardly observed. This fact was also observed in cases of bilateral removal. 4) After unilateral removal of the motor cortex, when the paralysis of the according limbs had recovered, and then the motor cortex of the contralateral side was removed, there was seen paralysis of the according limbs as well as a slight paresis in the other side. 5) From the facts as above-stated, the implicated arrangement of the nerve cells in F.A. and H.A. could not be considered to be equal and the cells for the hind limb extended more frequently into F.A. than those for the fore limb into H.A. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=InoueMasayuki en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name=井上正幸 kn-aut-sei=井上 kn-aut-mei=正幸 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=533 end-page=540 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19560630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Cholinesterase activity, free aminonitrogen and ketoenolic granuli in nerve cells in chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits. Part V ketoenolic granules were investigated at the motor cortex, nucl. lent. ammon's horn and Nissl's gray kn-title=慢性脳局所アナフィーラキシー家兎脳髄のヒョリンエステラーゼ活性値,遊離アミノ窒素及び神経細胞内ケトエノール顆粒に関する研究 第3編 慢性脳局所アナフィラキシー家兎脳髄の神経細胞内ケトエノール顆粒に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=No striking difference of KEG granules was observed in the rabbits brains between the normal and the chronic cerebral local anaphylaxis KEG granules were not influenced by the kinds of antigen methods of sensitization and the length of period without any procedure after the last anaphylactic reactions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HatakeyamaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Hatakeyama en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name=畠山哲朗 kn-aut-sei=畠山 kn-aut-mei=哲朗 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=515 end-page=524 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19560630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Cholinesterase activity, free aminonitrogen and ketoenolic granuli in nerve cells in chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits. Part T. On activity of cholinesterase in rabbits brain with chronic cerebral local anaphylaxis. kn-title=慢性脳局所アナフィラキシー家兎脳髄のヒョリンエステラーゼ活性値,遊離アミノ窒素及び神経細胞内ケトエノール顆粒に関する研究 第1編 慢性脳局所アナフィラキシー家兎脳髄のヒョリンエステラーゼ活性値に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=An antigen-antibooy reaction was repeated for 6 months long by intravenous injection of 4 times diluted cow serum with phosphatide and by injection of α-streptococci in paranasal cavity of rabbits. They were let free from any procedure for more than 1 month to 8 months. Thus the chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits were made. The Ch-E activity in each motor cortex, Ammon's horn and nucleus lenticularis was measured. The results were as follows: 1) Ch-E acitivty in each rabbit's brain was ranged in the order of the motor cortex (highest), Ammon's horn and then nucleus lenticularis. 2) In the chronic cerebral anaphylactic rabitbs, Ch-E activity in the motor cortex and Ammon's horn was much higher than that of normal one, and in the nucleus lenticularis it tended to increase slightly. 3) The increase of Ch-E activity in each part showed no fluctuation even during long time without any management. 4) The increase of Ch-E activity in each part was not influenced by the kinds of sensitizing antigen or of the methods of sensitization. 5) The permanent increase of Ch-E activity and abnormal accelaeration of brain metabolism in rabbits brains were observed by the repeated reactions as above-stated for a long time It would appear that, the chronic cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits were given an experimental epileptic arrangement. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HatakeyamaTetsuro en-aut-sei=Hatakeyama en-aut-mei=Tetsuro kn-aut-name=畠山哲朗 kn-aut-sei=畠山 kn-aut-mei=哲朗 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=1-4 article-no= start-page=201 end-page=210 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1956 dt-pub=19560430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the changes of the water content and the ketoenolic granulesby convulsion in cats' brain Part U. On the changes of the ketoenolic granules by convulsion kn-title=痙攣時における猫脳髓の含水量並にケトエノール物質の変動に関する研究 第2編 痙攣時における猫脳髄のケトエノール物質の変動に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The ketoenolic granules were investigated in the motor cortex and the results were as follows: 1. No change was observed at the preconvulsive stadium. 2. The granules in the nerve cells, especially in the Betz's giant pyramidal cells decreased or disappeared and those in the Nissl's gray substance rather increased at the acme and the postconvulsive stadium. This fact suggested the ketoenolic substance moved from the ganglion-cells to the Nissl's gray substance or to the nerve fibers at the moment of such great consumption of energy as convulsion. And this change recovered gradually to the normal as time elapsed, which was similar to the above-stated changes of the water content in the brain. It was interesting that this change was most striking in the Betz's cells which were considered to have very close relation to convulsion. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakaToshihiko en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name=田中稔彦 kn-aut-sei=田中 kn-aut-mei=稔彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=4-2 article-no= start-page=1969 end-page=1988 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590405 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Electrophysiological Study on the Pallidofugal Fibers as the Conduction System of Epileptic Discharges kn-title=癲癇痙攣伝導路としての遠淡蒼球線維に関する生理学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this study, the auther has attempt to study electrophysiologically the aspect of pallidofugal fibers which are intermediated by the pallidum to the fibers arising from the motor area as the conduction system of epileptic discharge. Action potentials of motor cortex, basal ganglia, nuclei of the midbrain and spinal cord were recorded during major convulsive or subclinical seizures which are elicited by local administration of metrazol to the motor cortex or the thalamus of dogs. For subcortical recordings, a pair of bipor needle electrodes made of steel wire, mapproximately 200 μ in diameter on tungsten microelectrodes approximately 20 μ in diameter at the tip were used. Both steel and tungsten electrodes insulated by baking enamel except the tip. Spike discharges (duration of each spike is 20-60 msec. amplitude 50-100 μV recorded by abovementioned electrodes) are accounted for the epileptic discharges in this study. The results were as follows: 1) There are two different pathways transmitting the discharges from the motor area to the pallidum, one is direct connection between the motor cortex to the pallidum and the other has some relays the nuclei, thalamus and caudate nucleus, between them. These different pathways are connected separately to two different pallidofugal fiber group at the pallidum. 2) The pallidofugal fiber group, which is connected to the former pathways at the pallidum, are relayed at the contralateral substantia nigra and then terminated to anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. There is a fiber crossing to the other side at the midbrain between the pallidum and substantia nigra. 3) The pallidofugal fiber group connected to the latter at the pallidum does not show crossing to the other side on its course to the homolateral substantia nigra. But the downward fibers from the substantia nigra show a crossing to the other side at the pons and terminate in the contralateral anterior horn cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiiShinichiro en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name=藤井愼一郎 kn-aut-sei=藤井 kn-aut-mei=愼一郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=4-2 article-no= start-page=1809 end-page=1818 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590405 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on serum and brain water content of cats with latent local cerebral anaphylaxis. (LLCA) Part 2. The brain Water Content and Electroencephalography in Ctas with Latent Local Cerebral Anaphylaxis kn-title=潜在性脳局所アナフィラキシー猫（実験的癲癇症）における血清学的研究,ならびに脳含水量について 第2編 潜在性脳局所アナフィラキシー猫（実験的癲癇症）の脳含水量と脳波 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=LLAC were produced experimentally by injecting inactive bovine serum as antigen in cats. During 300 days after the last effective injection, brain water content of cats with LLCA was measured and their EEG was recorded. 1) The water content in the motor cortex of cat with LLCA tends to increase during a considerable period as 60 days after the last effective injection. This increasing is the edema type which mainly dues to that of free water. About half of this edema type shows an electroencephalographically dominant slow wave more markedly than the normal. 2) In cats with LLCA the stadium in which the title of antibody shows maximum and in which γ-globulin increases accordes with the existing time of brain edema. The antibody remains much longer. The increase of water content in the brain tissue is regarded to provocate or accerlate the convulsion. Therefore we can prove from the stand point of water metabolism in the berain tissue that the cats with LLCA is xperimentally disposed to convulsion. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyatakeShozaburo en-aut-sei=Miyatake en-aut-mei=Shozaburo kn-aut-name=宮武昭三郎 kn-aut-sei=宮武 kn-aut-mei=昭三郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=3-2 article-no= start-page=1441 end-page=1471 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590315 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the complicated arrangement of the cerebral motor cortex and the cortical systems of the extrapyramidal tract kn-title=大腦皮質運動領の交錯性配列ならびに錐体外路大腦皮質系に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author researched the degenerating nerve fibres anatomically on the brain and the spinal cord of dogs by Marchi's method, after removing the parts of each motor area for fore-limb, bind-limb and the mixed area for both limbs. The results were as follows: 1) The efferent fibres from each part of motor cortex and from the premoter cortex are intricated underneath the cortex. 2) The area for fore-limb contains 17 % of Betz's cells for hind-limb; the area for hind-limb contains 9 % of Betz's cells fore-limb, and the mixed area for bothlimbs contains 44 % of Betz's cells for fore-limb and 56 % of Betz's cells for hind-limb; that is to say, the Betz's cells for hind-limb extended much more into the area for fore-limb than those for fore-limb into the area for hind-limb. 3) One of the Neurons from the area 6aα of premotor cortex pass through the homolateral Nucleus caudatus terminated into the homolateral Nucleus lentiformis. 4) The motor cortex of dogs contains many extrapyramidal tracts. The area for forelimb contains them much more than the area for hind-limb, and in the midst of two areas the mixed area for both limbs is situated. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OnishiC en-aut-sei=Onishi en-aut-mei=C kn-aut-name=大西長昇 kn-aut-sei=大西 kn-aut-mei=長昇 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学第一（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=71 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=259 end-page=276 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1959 dt-pub=19590131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Effects of Altering the Parameters of Electrical Stimulating Currents upon Motor Responses kn-title=運動反応に及ぼす皮質運動領電気刺激のパラメーター変動効果に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The fixed points of the human cerebral motor area were stimulated electrically by square waves and the effects of altering parameters upon motor response were studied. 1) Under constant frequency of stimulation longer duration required a lower threshold. It was shown also by subcortical stimulation but the threshold was higher than that by cortical stimulation. 2) Under constant frequency of stimulation, changing of stimulating duration produced no altering of motor response at all. 3) Under constant duration of stimulation, low frequency produced a movement of distal joint but higher frequency produced proximal joint. 4) At the low frequencies, the responses followed the rate of stmulation; at higher frequencies smooth movements occurred; at very high frequencies quick jerky movements were observed. 5) At high frequencies, higher threshold produced also a motor response of proximal joint. From this fact it is regarded that the altering of motor response is not influenced by liminal voltage. From above mentioned the mechanism of altering effects upon motor responses caused by changing of stimulating frequencies is easily cleared. The reasons are due to the intricating arrangement of representations in motor cortex and the differences of threshold in every center depend upon number of cells, which are required for the motor response. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KusumotoTsuyoshi en-aut-sei=Kusumoto en-aut-mei=Tsuyoshi kn-aut-name=楠本剛 kn-aut-sei=楠本 kn-aut-mei=剛 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（陣内）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=723 end-page=752 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1958 dt-pub=19580331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Study on the Propagating Mechanism of the Excitement in Epileptic Convulsions kn-title=癲癇痙攣の興奮伝導機序に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The auther has attempt to study the propagating mechanism of the excitement, which can be thought as the origin of the epileptic convulsion. The action potential has been recorded from cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, nucleus of midbrain and muscles of extremities during convulsion, which precipitated by intravenous administration of metrazol (10% solution of Cardiazol) on cats. Needle electrodes (200 enamel insulated steel wire) were used as recording electrodes, and the spike wave (duration 20 to 60 msec. amplitude 50 to 100 μV by abovementioned electrode) was applicated as an indication of the excitement. 1) Motor cortex, caudate and pallidum, thalamus and black substance have demonstrated their important function in the propagating mechanism of the excitement. And motor cortex has been more sensitive than other structures. 2) On the occasion of metrazol convulsion, the spike wave is detected in the first place at cerebral cortex. The spiking at cerebral cortex propagates to basal ganglia with some seconds delay time, and then the spiking propagate also to basal ganglia. Moreover, the spiking at basal ganglia propagate to mid-brain nucleus. The onset of a convulsive movement is earlier than the beginning of the spiking at basal ganglia, and is delayed from the beginning of the spiking at cerebral cortex. The convulsive pattern of muscles change from former clonic convulsion to tonic convulsion in the course of propagation of the spiking to basal ganglia. 3) The auther has presumed that a typical epileptic convulsion, which has clonic-, tonic-and clonic stadium a its components, should have above mentioned propagating mechanism of the excitemnent from electroencephalographical findings. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkumuraShuzo en-aut-sei=Okumura en-aut-mei=Shuzo kn-aut-name=奥村脩三 kn-aut-sei=奥村 kn-aut-mei=脩三 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=869 end-page=875 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1963 dt-pub=19631030 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies of Convulsive Seizure Induced by Decadron Part 3 Studies of the Mechanism of Inducing Convulsive Seizure by Decadron kn-title=デカドロン痙攣に関する実験的研究 第3編 デカドロン痙攣の作用機序に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The mechanism of inducing convulsive seizure by Decadron was investigated as followings: 1) No convulsive seizure was observed after apllying Decadron solution at the motor area of cerebral cortex, but the typical convulsive was observed only by administrating it directly at Nucleus caudatus. 2) The convulsion induced by Decadron could be inhibited by Ca. Mg and homocarnosine. 3) Amongst sodium citratum like substances, citric acid, L-malic acid and oxalic acid were found to elicit the convulsion as Deeadron induced convulsion, but such as malonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, succinic acid, oxalacetic acid and acetic acid were not. 4) Therefore, it was suggested that citric acid conbined in a non ion "complex" with Ca or Mg which inhibited irritability of the mortor neuron. And on the other hand, dexamethasone played the roll of an activator for inducing convulsion. These reactions in the brain are the most impotant factors for inducing the convulsive seizure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyakeShintaro en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Shintaro kn-aut-name=三宅新太郎 kn-aut-sei=三宅 kn-aut-mei=新太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第1（田中）外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=79 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=109 end-page=118 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1967 dt-pub=19670430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on an Effect of ACTH on Brain Tissue Part T.Clinical observations and experimental studies on dogs removed of adrenal glands kn-title=ACTHの脳組織に及ぼす影響に関する研究 第T編 臨床的観察並びに副腎剔出犬による実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The direct effect of ACTH on brain tissue not by way of adrenal glands is suggest by the fact that ACTH has a remarkable therapeutic effect on vairous diseases of nervous system such as japanese encephalitis. The first part of the present report is concerned with statistical observation of therapeutic effect of ACTH on patients with nervous diseases. 1) ACTH was effective in 70 per cent. The effect was especially marked in Parkinson's syndrome, japanese encephalitis and chorea minor. 2) As for symptoms, disturbance of consciousness, fever, involuntry movements and mucle rigidity were successfully treated by ACTH. 3) In intracranial bleeding and thrombosis too, ACTH showed a good effect on loss of consciousness, motor disturbance and dysarthria in a decreasing order. The second part is concerned with observation of therapeutic effect of ACTH on brain edema of adrenectomized dogs. Degree of edema is calculated by the amount of RIHSA measured in the brain. 1) In the control, index of brain edema (amount of isotope of brains cortex of the thrombosed side/that of the contralateral normal cortex) was 15.6 2) In dogs removed of adrenal cortex & treated by ACTH, index of brain edema was 6.4. The above results indicate that ACTH has a dirct effect, not by way of adrenal cortex. It is clarified, however, whether this effect is a direct on brain tissue or by an enhancement of coricosteroid effect. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakaharaJiro en-aut-sei=Takahara en-aut-mei=Jiro kn-aut-name=高原二郎 kn-aut-sei=高原 kn-aut-mei=二郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医学研究科平木内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=81 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=505 end-page=518 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1970 dt-pub=19700330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Electrophysiological and Clinical Studies on Inhibitory Actions of γ-Amino Butyric Acid and its Derivatives Part T Electrophysiological Study kn-title=γ-amino酪酸誘導物質の痙攣抑制作用に関する電気生理学的ならびに臨床的研究 第T編 電気生理学的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is reported that GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) & GABOB (γ-amino β-hydroxy butyric acid) have an inhibitory action to the central nervous system. Recently, S-GABA (γ-amino β-sulfonyl butyric acid) & P-GABA (γ-amino β-phenyl butyric acid) have been composed from GABOB, and reported that they also have an inhibitory action to the convulsive seizure. In the experiments in dogs, P-GABA, S-GABA & GABOB solutions were applied on the cerebral at rest and after discharge caused by electrical stimulation of motor cortex were recorded to examine the anti-convulsive action of these solutions. In the experiments in cats, cortical evoked potentials caused by electrical stimulation of thalamus were recorded to examine the action of GABOB by mearns of computer technique. Furthermore, the application of GABOB & S-GABA solution on the epileptogenic cortical focus of human epileptic was performed and the corticogram was recorded with reference to spikes and after-discharges to examine the anti-convulsive actions of these solutions. The results are following: 1) Application of S-GABA solution on the cerebral cortex caused low voltage activity and spiking activity in corticogram. 2) P-GABA caused spiking activity, developing to the generalized convulsive seizure pattern. 3) These spiking activity caused by S-GABA and P-GABA was, inhibited by GABOB solution. 4) S-GABA did not inhibit the after discharge or spiking activity on the epileptogenic cortical focus of human epileptic. GABOB, however, showed a strong inhibitry action to after discharge & spiking activity. 5) Application of GABOB on the cerebral cortex reversed the cortical evoked potentials caused by electrical stimulation of thalamus. From these findings, it is concluded that GABOB has an inhibitory action on the cerebral cortex, but S-GABA & P-GABA have no inhibitory action. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SugataniHiroshi en-aut-sei=Sugatani en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=菅谷広司 kn-aut-sei=菅谷 kn-aut-mei=広司 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=91 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=585 end-page=609 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1979 dt-pub=19790630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Clinical study on diagnosis of the site and level of nerve lesions by somatosensory cerebral evoked responses kn-title=体知覚性大脳誘発電位による神経病変の局在と高位診断に関する臨床的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The present study investigated the possibility of clinical application of somatosensory cerebral evoked response (SER) in the diagnosis of the site and level of various neural lesions (peripheral and central). SERs were recorded from the hand-sensory area of the scalp by electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist and an averaging procedure (digital computer). The study group comprised 43 healthy subjects and 267 patients clinically having the following neural lesions: peripheral nerve lesion (50 patients); cervical nerve root lesion (17); spinal cord lesion (52); brain stem/cerebellum lesion(33); internal capsule/thalamus/basal ganglia lesion (53); frontal cortex lesion (14); frontopariental cortex lesion(33); or parieto-temporal cortex lesion(25). Abnormal SER wave patterns were classified into 11 types by comparison with both normal SER patterns obtained from the healthy subjects and the clinical diagnoses. The results were as follows: 1. Normal SER waves always consisted of a pattern of 5 peaks (3 negative and 2 positive: N1, P1, N2, P2, N3). 2. Abnormal SER wave patterns were classified into 11 types (author's classification): "Type A", prolonged latency of N1; "Type B", low amplitude of all peaks; "Type C", flat pattern without peaks; "Type Da", lack of N1; "Type Db", N1 present but other waves absent; "Type Dc", N2 absent; "Type Dd", high amplitude of N2; "Type De", high amplitude of N3; "Type Df", high amplitude of N1; "Type Ea", unilateral high amplitude of all peaks; and "Type Eb", high amplitude of all peaks bilaterally. 3. In peripheral nerve, cervical nerve root or spinal cord lesions, SERs were usually Type A, B, or C and reflected the degree of sensory impairment. SERs showed little variation in patients having motor nerve impairment only. In internal capsule/thalamus/basal ganglia lesions, SERs were usually Type B or C. In contrast to the results for peripheral nerve lesions, this was true not only in patients with sensory impairments but also in those who had motor impairment only. Type De was detected in some patients with motor impairment only. Such variations in the SER pattern seemed to be derived from the site and grade of lesion. In cortex lesions, SER often showed Type Dc, De, or Ea unrelated to whether the impairment was sensory or motor in nature. Type Dc was characteristic of lesions associated with the motor cortex, implying that this area was the origin of the N2 peak. 4. Abnormal SERs were detected in 58.8% of all the 267 patients. 46.9% of patients with motor impairment only and 77.5% of patients with more than moderate sensory impairment had abnormal SERs. 5. The origins of the components of the SER pattern were thought to be as follows: N1 and P1, direct primary response to the stimulus via the specific sensory projection system; N2 and P2, association areas near the sensory-motor cortex; the late component N3, non-specific sensory projection system. These results for SERs suggest that clinical application of the SER may prove extremely useful in diagnosing the site and level of neural lesions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuemaruKoso en-aut-sei=Suemaru en-aut-mei=Koso kn-aut-name=末丸紘三 kn-aut-sei=末丸 kn-aut-mei=紘三 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 en-keyword=体知覚性大脳誘発電位 kn-keyword=体知覚性大脳誘発電位 en-keyword=異常波形分類 kn-keyword=異常波形分類 en-keyword=神経病変 kn-keyword=神経病変 en-keyword=局在と高位診断 kn-keyword=局在と高位診断 en-keyword=構成成分の生成機序 kn-keyword=構成成分の生成機序 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=91 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=379 end-page=396 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1979 dt-pub=19790430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Diurnal variations in motor activity and regional brain monoamine content in young adult and aged rats kn-title=若齢成熟および老齢ラットの行動量と脳部位別モノアミン量の日内変動 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Diurnal variations in motor activity and regional monoamine levels of the brain in both young adult and aged wistar male rats were compared. The young adult group (Y group) consisted of 16 week old rats. The aged group (A group) comprised 19 month old rats. All the animals were housed in a room with an alternating 12 hour dark-light cycle. The temperature was kept at 24℃ and the moisture at 55 % . Motor activity was measured in selected rats by Animex. Both groups were then subdivided into six smaller groups. The animals of these groups were sacrificed by decapitation every 4 hours of the 24 hour period (2, 6 and 10 hours in the dark cycle, and 2, 6 and 10 hours in the light cycle; D2, D6, D10, L2, L6 and L10). Immediately after decapitation, brains were collected, dissected into six different regions (amygdala [Amy], corpus striatum [St], cerebral cortex [Cor] , hippocampus [Hip], diencephalon [Die] and brain stem [B. S.]), and the levels of dopamin [DA], norepinephrine [NE] and serotonin [5-HT] in each determined fluorometrically. The results were as follows. 1. Diurnal variation of motor activity. Both Y and A groups showed a marked difference between the dark and light cycles. Activity increased during the first 4 hours of the dark cycle, then decreased gradually during the rest of the dark cycle. Motor activity decreased markedly immediately after beginning of the light cycle, and remained decreased throughout the light period. The motor activity of the both groups increased transiently a little before the light cycle. Y group activity increased directly before the dark time. A group activity was significantly less than that of Y group, except for 2 time points during the light cycle. A group motor activity was about 50 % lower than that of the Y group. 2. Diurnal variation of DA. Amy from both groups showed a higher levels in the dark time than in the light. St showed two peaks in both groups but the range of variation was wider in A group than in Y group. Cor from both groups showed a higher level in the light time than in the dark. The levels of Hip, Die and B. S. in both groups showed little variation, the range being much smaller in A group. There was no significant difference in the levels of Amy, Cor and Hip in either group, but St, Die and B. S. were significantly lower in A group throughout almost the entire 24 hour period. 3. Diurnal variation of NE levels. Marked variations in Amy, Cor, Hip and Die occurred in both groups. The NE level in the 4 brain regions tended to be lower during the dark time than during the light. The diurnal variation of amine levels in St was smaller in the groups than in the other five regions. B. S. in the Y group showed lower levels during the dark time; however, B. S. from A group showed almost constant levels during the 24 hour period. The NE levels of each groups showed little difference in brain regions other than B. S.. In A group, B. S. showed 1.8 to 9 times higher levels than Y group at all examined time points. 4. Diurnal variation in 5-HT levels. Both groups showed higher amine levels in Amy, Hip and Die during the dark period than in the light. St in Y group showed two peaks at D10 and L6 but the same region in A group showed almost constant amine levels during the diurnal period except for D6. The level in Cor from both groups showed little variation, the range being much smaller in A group than in Y group. The level in B.S. of Y group showed a marked dark-light difference with a high peak at L2 but the same region from A group showed a gradual variation in the amine level with a peak between D10 and L2. Comparison of the 5-HT levels in Y and A groups showed that there was no significant difference in Amy, Hip and Die. The level in St remained high throughout the diurnal period in Y group. The level in Cor showed a higher value during the 24 h period in A group. The amine level in B. S. was higher in the A group at two time points of the dark period than in Y group. The data indicate a characteristic influence of aging on diurnal variations of motor activity and three monoamine contents of the brain. Some regions of the brain showed no difference in DA levels of Y and A groups, whereas other regions showed significantly lower levels in A group. Some regions showed no difference in NE levels of both groups and the other showed significantly higher levels in A group. These results suggest that the turnover rate of DA in some brain regions is accelerated in A group compared to Y group. A group tended to show less diurnal variation in the three monoamine levels of the brain than Y group when related to the reduced motor activity of A group, this suggests that metabolism of these monoamines in related to behavior. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DoiTohru en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Tohru kn-aut-name=土井亨 kn-aut-sei=土井 kn-aut-mei=亨 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設脳代謝神経科 en-keyword=老化 kn-keyword=老化 en-keyword=日内変動 kn-keyword=日内変動 en-keyword=運動量 kn-keyword=運動量 en-keyword=脳内モノアミン量 kn-keyword=脳内モノアミン量 en-keyword=部位別脳 kn-keyword=部位別脳 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=93 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1105 end-page=1119 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1981 dt-pub=19811230 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=α-Guanidinoglutaric acid and other guanidino compounds in a cobalt epileptogenic focus of cat cerebral cortex kn-title=コバルトてんかん源性焦点組織のα-guanidinoglutaric acid及びその他のguanidino化合物に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=An epileptogenic cortical focus was induced by the topical application of cobalt powder to the sensori-motor cortex, then guanidino compounds in the cobalt focus were analysed by HPLC. An extraordinally high peak was observed in the epileptogenic focus 24 hours after the cobalt application. α-Guanidinoglutaric acid (GGA), which is synthesized from glutamic acid and S-methylisothiourea sulfate, was confirmed by GC/MS as a dimethylpyrimidyl derivative of GGA. An unknown substance was isolated from the cobalt focus and identified as GGA by the same GC/MS technique as in the case of an authentic sample. GGA was present in the normal cat cortex in amounts of 1n mol/g. GGA increased after cobalt application, and reached a maximum after 24 hours. The abnormal GGA recovered to the normal level about 40days after the application by which time the cobalt focus had disappeared. Other guanidino compounds, that is taurocyamine, guanidinosuccinic acid, guanidinoacetic acid, β-guanidinopropionic acid, creatinine, γ-guanidinobutyric acid, arginine, and methylguanidine, except for guanidine tended to decrease in the cobalt focus. Taurocyamine and α-guanidinobutyric acid were still decreased 40 days after the cobalt application. Spike and wave complex was induced after topical application of 0.2M GGA to the sensori-motor cortex, and a burst continued for one hour. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AkagiMasayuki en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name=赤木正幸 kn-aut-sei=赤木 kn-aut-mei=正幸 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 en-keyword=コバルト焦点 (cobalt focus) kn-keyword=コバルト焦点 (cobalt focus) en-keyword=α-guanidinoglutaric acid kn-keyword=α-guanidinoglutaric acid en-keyword=guanidino化合物 (guanidino compounds) kn-keyword=guanidino化合物 (guanidino compounds) en-keyword=EEG kn-keyword=EEG en-keyword=発作機序 (seizure mechanism) kn-keyword=発作機序 (seizure mechanism) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=93 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=53 end-page=62 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1981 dt-pub=19810228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on readiness potentials II. Readiness potentials in patients with occlusive cerebro-vascular disorders kn-title=運動準備電位に関する研究 第2編 閉塞性脳血管障害患者における運動準備電位 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Readiness potential is a slow negative shift of brain electrical potential preceding voluntary movements. The amplitude of the potential is maximum over the area of the contralateral motor cortex which represents contraction of muscles. But this is distributed in a rather diffuse fashion and can also be obtained in bilateral regions. In this study, the readiness potential was obtained by averaging the EEG synchronized with repetitive hand movements. The potentials were recorded in the central scalp region in two groups; Group 1 as control consisted of six healthy right-handed persons, and Group 2 of seventeen patients with occlusive cerebro-vascular disorders who had varying degrees of motor weakness and who had undergone superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis. The potentials in group 2 were obtained by carrying out voluntary movements on the unaffected side, if not mentioned. The relationship between preoperative readiness potentials and surgical results was studied. 1. In the control group, hand movements elicited the potential (N) with the amplitude being 7.7±0.8 μV (mean+standard error of means) on the ipsilateral side to the movement and 8.9±1.0 μV on the opposite side. N on the opposite side was significantly higher than on the ipsilateral side (p<0.02 t-test). 2. In group 2, N was 3.2±0.7 μV on the side of the hand movements and 5.4±0.8 μV on the opposite side. These values were signigicantly lower than those in group 1 (p<0.02 t-test). 3. Four patients with normal amplitudes (more than 5 μV) on the scalp of the lesioned side showed good results from surgery. On the other hand, four patients with very low amplitudes (less than 2 μV) had poor results. One patient out of eight with low amplitude (between 2 μV and 5 μV) showed good results, five patients showed fair results, and the other two patients showed poor results. 4. Readiness potentials after surgery were recorded in 10 patients. N was 3.6±0.8 μV on the ipsilateral side to the movement and 6.0±1.4 μV on the opposite side. 5. Readiness potentials recorded by repetitive hand movements of the affected side were mostly very low in voltage (less than 2 μV ). These results suggest that readiness potentials could be a useful criteria for STA-MCA anastomosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=BabaYoshimi en-aut-sei=Baba en-aut-mei=Yoshimi kn-aut-name=馬塲義美 kn-aut-sei=馬塲 kn-aut-mei=義美 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室 en-keyword=運動準備電位 kn-keyword=運動準備電位 en-keyword=脳血管障害 kn-keyword=脳血管障害 en-keyword=STA-MCA吻合術 kn-keyword=STA-MCA吻合術 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=93 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=31 end-page=52 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1981 dt-pub=19810228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on readiness potentials I. Readiness potentials in patients with involuntary movement disorders kn-title=運動準備電位に関する研究 第1編 健康人および不随意運動症患者における運動準備電位 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Readiness potentials on voluntary hand movements were recorded from the scalp (C3: left central, C4: right central), premotor cortex, subcortical white matter and VL nucleus of the thalamus. The subjects were 6 healthy right-handed men and 23 patients with involuntary movement disorders. The subjects lay on a bed in a dark room where they performed quick, repetitive voluntary contractions with the left or right fist. The contractions were self-paced at a frequency of about one every 6 sec. Linked mastoid electrodes served as a reference throughout the experiment. The EEG was amplified with Nihonkohden RDU-5 DC amplifiers. Clenching of the fist triggered the pulse-generator which produced an immediate pulse and a one second delayed pulse. An EMG was also recorded. These signals were recorded on magnetic tape. Analysis of the data was acoomplished by playing the tape back. The EEG and EMG activity were summated by Nihonkohden ATAC 501-20 computor. In most subjects, readiness potentials were obtained before the voluntary movements. Readiness potentials were measured as the amplitude of premovement potential (N) and the interval between the beginning of the potential and the initiation of motor action (T). 1. Readiness potentials with negative shift were recorded on the scalp (C4, C3). In 6 right-handed healthy men, the means of T and N were 0.8 sec. and 7.0 μV, respectively, in C4, and 0.8 sec., 8.6 μV in C3 on right-hand movements. Conversely, the means of T and N on left hand movements were 1.0 sec., 9.2 μV in C4, and 1.0 sec., 8.4 μV in C3, respectively. The amplitude (N) in C3 on right-hand movements was significantly higher than in C4 (p<0.05 t-test). 2. Readiness potentials on the scalp were also recorded in 16 patients who had involuntary movement disorders, such as Parkinsonism, torsion dystonia or intention tremors. The means of T and N were 1.3 sec., 7.7 μV in C4 and 1.3 sec., 8.2 μV in C3 on right-hand movements. Conversely, the means of T and N on left-hand movements were 1.2 sec., 8.2 μV in C4 and 1.2 sec., 6.3 μV in C3. The mean T value was longer than the control group (p<0.01, t-test). 3. In Parkinsonian patients, the mean T value of readiness potentials on the central region contralateral to the hand movements was 1.1 sec. in 6 patients without akinesia (stage I, II). Conversely, that in 4 patients with akinesia (stage III) was 1.4 sec., which was longer than the control group (p<0.05 t-test). The length of T rather than the rigidity seemed to correlated with akinesia in patients with Parkinsonism. 4. Simultaneous recordings from the premotor cortex, subcortical white matter (2cm below the cortex) and VL nucleus of the thalamus were done during stereotactic surgery in the nonanesthetic state. Patterns of readiness potentials recorded from the premotor cortex were similar to those recorded from the scalp, but those recorded from the VL nucleus and the white matter were reversed in polarity. According to simultaneous recordings from the cortex and VL nucleus, readiness potential began approximately 0.2 sec. earlier at the cortex than the VL nucleus (p<0.01 t-test). This result is some evidence that the readiness potential initiates from the cortex of the motor area contralateral to the moving hand. 5. Readiness potentials were recorded 2-4 weeks after stereotactic VL thalamotomy. The mean T and N values of readiness potentials were almost the same as those before the surgery. The readiness potential was also recorded in a patient with thalamic syndrome who had a vascular lesion in the right thalamus. The potential showed a normal pattern from the intact side of the scalp, but on the lesion side, no potential could be obtained. These results suggest that the thalamus plays an important role in the origin of the readiness potential of the motor cortex. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=BabaYoshimi en-aut-sei=Baba en-aut-mei=Yoshimi kn-aut-name=馬塲義美 kn-aut-sei=馬塲 kn-aut-mei=義美 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室 en-keyword=運動準備電位 kn-keyword=運動準備電位 en-keyword=不随意運動症 kn-keyword=不随意運動症 en-keyword=定位脳手術 kn-keyword=定位脳手術 en-keyword=視床 kn-keyword=視床 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=95 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=271 end-page=282 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1983 dt-pub=19830430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Brain active oxygen, free radicals, lipid peroxide and the redox state of glutathione in the Fe(3+) induced epileptic focus of the rat kn-title=鉄イオンてんかん源性焦点組織のフリーラジカル反応と発作発現機構に関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Epileptic discharges were induced 15 minutes after 0.1M FeCl(3) was injected into the rat sensory motor cortex and continued for 6 months after the injection. In order to study the Fe(3+) induced seizure mechanism, Fe(3+) bound methemoglobin, free radicals, active oxygen, malondialdehyde and reduced and oxidized glutathione were measured in the foci of rats after the FeCl(3) injection. It was found that Fe(3+) induced a significant increase in Fe(3+) bound methemoglobin, active oxygen and malondialdehyde and accelerated the glutathione redox reaction 5 minutes after the injection. Fe(3+) was thought to induce lipid peroxidation by free radical reaction and thus produce the peileptic focus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KhochiHiroyoshi en-aut-sei=Khochi en-aut-mei=Hiroyoshi kn-aut-name=高知宏喜 kn-aut-sei=高知 kn-aut-mei=宏喜 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 en-keyword=鉄イオンてんかん kn-keyword=鉄イオンてんかん en-keyword=フリーラジカル kn-keyword=フリーラジカル en-keyword=活性酸素 kn-keyword=活性酸素 en-keyword=過酸化脂質 kn-keyword=過酸化脂質 en-keyword=グルタチオン kn-keyword=グルタチオン END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=99 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=807 end-page=817 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1987 dt-pub=19870830 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Changes in the electrocorticogram produced by prolonged cortical polarization in the rabbit. kn-title=持続的直流通電による家兎大脳皮質脳波の変化について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Surface anodal direct current was applied to the motor cortex at the respresentation of the contralateral forelimb in anesthetized or unanesthetized rabbits. The first abnormal activity (isolated spikes) appeared as the current intensity reached ca. 100μA. The activity occurred first from the frontal pole in most cases. As the current was further intensified, spikes became more frequent. Sharp waves, augmented fast waves and slow waves were also included in the seizure activity. Finally, all the cortical leads were involved in serious seizure activity, which was highly disordered and looked like noise. However, the author believed that this highly disordered EEG activity was not an artifact, but rather electrocortical activity because of the following reasons : 1. Sometimes, a seizure with a similar pattern occurred after the polarizing current was turned off. 2. Seizure activity started mostly from the frontal pole, which was rather distant from the polarizing anode. 3. Multiple unit discharges were recorded from the cortex under the polarizing electrode only during serious seizure activity. 4. Augmentation of microvibration at the distal end of the forelimbs was observed in parallel with seizure activity. No apparent movement, except for augmented microvibration of the forelimbs, was observed even during serious cortical seizure activity. Therefore, cortical efferent neurons probably cortributed little to the seizure activity. Intense surface anodal current, which is sufficient to induce seizure EEG activity may have a strong facilitatory effect on certain types of cortical neurons, as indicated by the intense neuronal discharges recorded during seizure EEG activity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SunamiTakaaki en-aut-sei=Sunami en-aut-mei=Takaaki kn-aut-name=角南考昭 kn-aut-sei=角南 kn-aut-mei=考昭 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一生理学教室 en-keyword=兎 kn-keyword=兎 en-keyword=大脳皮質 kn-keyword=大脳皮質 en-keyword=発作性脳波 kn-keyword=発作性脳波 en-keyword=持続的直流通電 kn-keyword=持続的直流通電 en-keyword=単一ニューロン活動 kn-keyword=単一ニューロン活動 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=99 cd-vols= no-issue=7-8 article-no= start-page=787 end-page=806 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1987 dt-pub=19870830 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Guanidino compounds in iron-induced epileptogenic foci of rats kn-title=鉄塩誘導てんかん原性焦点組織におけるグアニジノ化合物の変動に関する研究 ― 特にラジカル反応によるグアニジノ化合物の生成について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Changes in the levels of guanidino compounds in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata and cerebellum were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography after an injection of ferric chloride into the sensory motor cortex of SD rats. Levels of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and methylguanidine (MG) changed greatly 15 and 30 min after the injection, but recovered to normal levels 24 to 48 hours after the injection. GAA and MG increased two or three times the normal level 2 months after the injection, at which time iron-induced epileptogenic foci were formed. Levels of other guanidino compounds, i.e., N-acetylarginine, guanidinoacetic acid, arginine (Arg), homoarginine and creatinine (CRN) also changed, though the extent of the changes was not as marked as with GAA and MG. Rapidly increased generation of hydroxyl radical and peroxide intermediate radical(s) was observed by electron spin resonance analysis after addition of ferric chloride and hydrogen peroxide to rat brain homogenate. Levels of MG and GAA also increased. A significant relationship between the generation of hydroxyl radical and the formation of MG was recognized. The formation of MG in the system was dependent on the concentration of CRN but independent of the concentration of Arg and GAA. These results suggest that MG formed from CRN may act on neurones after iron injection into the rat brain, thus forming epileptogenic feci. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FukushimaMasato en-aut-sei=Fukushima en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name=福島正登 kn-aut-sei=福島 kn-aut-mei=正登 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 en-keyword=鉄塩誘導てんかん原性焦点 kn-keyword=鉄塩誘導てんかん原性焦点 en-keyword=グアニジノ化合物 kn-keyword=グアニジノ化合物 en-keyword=ラット kn-keyword=ラット en-keyword=ラジカル反応 kn-keyword=ラジカル反応 en-keyword=メチルグアニジン kn-keyword=メチルグアニジン END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=281 end-page=292 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=1991 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pharmacological specificity of antipsychotic, antiischemic and some other drugs for σ receptors labeled with [(3)H] haloperidol kn-title=ラット脳内 σ 受容体の薬理学的特異性に関する研究―とくに抗精神病薬との抗虚血剤の作用について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Pharmacological specificity of several classes of drugs such as antipsychotics and antiischemic agents was assessed for σ receptors labeled with [(3)H] haloperidol. Specific binding of [(3)H] haloperidol in the presence of 25 nM spiperone was saturable and high affinity )Kd=1.96±1.31 nM, Bmax=2.37±0.27pmol/mg of protein;n=8). Among the 29 antipsychotics tested in inhibition studies, bromperidol and haloperidol were the most potent inhibitors (Ki=0.9nM, 1.0nM, respectively). The conventional antipsychotics moperone, timiperone etc. and the novel promising drugs YM-09151, Y-516, BMY-14802 and remoxipride potently inhibited [(3)H] haloperidol binding with the Ki in the range of low to moderate nanomolar. On the other hand, among the other 27 drugs tested, the antispasmodics eperisone and tolperisone, the antiischemic agents ifenprodil, the Ca(2+) antagonist flunarizine and cinnarizine, and the antitussives carbetapentane, cloperastine and dextromethorphan, were especially potent inhibitors. These results, taken together with the evidence that the antiischemic agents ifenprodil and dextromethorphan antagozine NMDA responses and NMDA receptor complex is a possible site of action for neuroprotective agents, strongly suggest that σ receptors may be potential sites of action for antiischemic as well as antipsychotic drugs, i.e., σ receptors mediate the neuroprotective effects of certain antiischemic agents by affecting the NMDA receptor complex. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ZushiYoshifumi en-aut-sei=Zushi en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi kn-aut-name=図子義文 kn-aut-sei=図子 kn-aut-mei=義文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 en-keyword=sigma receptors kn-keyword=sigma receptors en-keyword=antipsychotics kn-keyword=antipsychotics en-keyword=ifenprodil kn-keyword=ifenprodil en-keyword=dextromethorophan kn-keyword=dextromethorophan en-keyword=eperisone kn-keyword=eperisone END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=147 end-page=159 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=1991 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Neurophysiological study of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of deafferentation pain Part 2. Usefulness of deep cerebral sensory evoked potentials (SEP) for assessment of traget points in the lemniscal system kn-title=Deafferentation pain に対する脳深部刺激療法の研究 第2編― 内側毛帯系刺激における除痛点の脳深部知覚誘発反応（SEP）による評価について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To relieve deafferentation pain, electrophysiological assessment of target points was performed using deep cerebral SEPs. As a preliminary experiment, the relationship between the waveform of the SEP and the anatomical structure of the brain was examined in cats. The infraorbital nerve was stimulated and the SEP was recorede around the VPM. From the rostral edge of the medial leminiscus (ML), a high voltage positive wave was recorded, and from the ventral side of the VPM a wide negative wave with positive wavelets was recorded. For the treatment of three cases of thalamic pain, the deep cerebral SEP was recorded during the insertion of a chronic electrode for deep brain stimulation. By contralateral median nerve stimulation, the high voltage posotive waves (peak latency ; 13-15msec) from the ML and the subsequent unerven waves from the VPL were recorded along the trajectory. The later uneven waves were composed of wide negative waves and positive wavelets, which were thought to be derived from the synaptic activity of the VPL and thalamocortical rediation, respectively. Effective pain relief was obtained at the border zone of the ventral VPL and the ML, where the characteristic waves of the VPL changed to those of the ML. The deep cerebral SEP can be used for the identification of target points electrophysiologically. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TomitaSusumu en-aut-sei=Tomita en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name=富田享 kn-aut-sei=富田 kn-aut-mei=享 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室 en-keyword=deafferentation pain kn-keyword=deafferentation pain en-keyword=deep brain stimulation kn-keyword=deep brain stimulation en-keyword=sensory evoked potential kn-keyword=sensory evoked potential en-keyword=leminiscus medialis kn-keyword=leminiscus medialis en-keyword=nucleus ventrocaudalis kn-keyword=nucleus ventrocaudalis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=105 end-page=116 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=1991 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Alterations of neuropeptides in MPTP-treated mouse brain kn-title=1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) を用いたパーキンソニズム・モデルマウスにおける脳内神経ペプチドに関する研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been shown to destroy the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, inducing biochemical and histopathological changes resembling Parkinson's disease. Biochemical changes, especially changes of neuropeptides were determined 1,2 or 6 weeks after MPTP treatment in various regions of the mice brain. The dopamine (DA) concentration decreased to 22% of the control level in the striatum 1 week after MPTP treatment, but recovered to 50% of the control level 6 weeks after MPTP treatment. The decrease in the noradrenaline concentration was less than that of DA. Amine fluorescence histochemistry revealed, markedly decreased amine fluorescnece in the striatum 6 weeks after MPTP treatment, and this decrease in amine fluorescence was recovered after levodopa treatment. The results of a pole thst revealed the bradykinesia of MPTP-treated mice and it was attenuated b y levodopa and amantadine hydrochloride treatments. Among the neuropeptides tested, somatostatin (SOM) increased 1 week after MPTP treatment in the striatum and the thalamus＋midbrain but decreased 6 weeks after MPTP treatment in the striatum and the hippocampus. In the striatum the decreased SOM recovered with levodopa treatment. Thus, the SOM might be regulated by a dopaminergic system. On the other hand, in the cerebral cortex, while no changes appeared in the SOM concentration after MPTP treatment, the concentration decreased significantly with levodopa treatment. Other neuropeptides such as substance P, cholecystokinin-octapeptide and thyrotropin releasing hormone did not show any significant changes up to 6 weeks after MPTP treatment. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawataMakio en-aut-sei=Kawata en-aut-mei=Makio kn-aut-name=河田牧男 kn-aut-sei=河田 kn-aut-mei=牧男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 en-keyword=MPTP kn-keyword=MPTP en-keyword=parkinsonism kn-keyword=parkinsonism en-keyword=neuropeptide kn-keyword=neuropeptide en-keyword=somatostatin kn-keyword=somatostatin en-keyword=levodopa kn-keyword=levodopa en-keyword=dementia kn-keyword=dementia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=103 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=18 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=1991 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental study of central nervous system stimulation on pain relief -Effect of cerebral cortical stimulation on neuronal activity of subnucleus caudalis of spinal trigeminal nucleus in cat- kn-title=中枢神経系の電気刺激による除痛機序に関する基礎的研究 ―とくにネコの大脳皮質電気刺激が三叉神経脊髄路核尾側亜核ニューロン活動におよぼす影響について― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The effect of electrical stimulation of cerebral cortex on neuronal activity in the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STNcd) was examined electrophysiologically in the cat. The nociceptive neuronal firing in the STNcd was suppressed by electrical stimulation of contralateral cerebral cortex (primary motor : Msl or primary somatosensory : Sml cortical area.) The high amplitude spontaneous and continuous neuronal hyperactivity (deafferentation hyperactivity : DH), which was provoked in the left STNcd after complete ablation of left Gasserian ganglion, was conspicuously suppressed by the electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex (Msl stimulation : 5/36 ; Sml stimulation : 12/36). Almost all neurons (nociceptive and DH neuron), the neuronal activity of which was suppressed by electrical stimulation of cerebral cortex, were located in the dorsal and ventral reticular subnuclei of STNcd. On the other hand, the injection of wheat germ agglutinin labeling horseradish peroxidase into the cerebral cortex (Msl) demonstrated that the efferent fibers passed through the internal capsule (IC) and projected directly to the dorsal and ventral reticular subnuclei of the STNcd of the contralateral side. This study suggested that the neuronal firing in STNcd (nociceptive neuronal firing and DH) was suppressed by stimulation of the inhibitory efferent fibers from the cerebral cortex to STNcd by electrical stimulation of IC and cerebral cortex. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MasaokaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Masaoka en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name=正岡哲也 kn-aut-sei=正岡 kn-aut-mei=哲也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室 en-keyword=intractale pain kn-keyword=intractale pain en-keyword=deafferentation hyperactivity kn-keyword=deafferentation hyperactivity en-keyword=deafferented pain kn-keyword=deafferented pain en-keyword=cerebral cortex kn-keyword=cerebral cortex en-keyword=internal capsule kn-keyword=internal capsule END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=5-6 article-no= start-page=471 end-page=482 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=1992 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of typtophan metabolites on brain function : Electrocorticographical study kn-title=トリプトファン代謝産物のラット脳機能に対する影響の研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The effects of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites administered into right cerebroventricle (1μmol) on the electrocorticograms (ECoG) of rats were studied to investigate the roles of Trp metabolites in the brain function. Kynurenine, anthranilic acid, and xanthurenic acid has no effect on ECoG until the end of recording 4 hours after the administration. 3-Hydroxykynurenine had a suppressive effect on the ECoG transitory, and kynurenic acid suppressed ECoG slightly. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid which is a metabolite of 3-hydroxykynurenine, induced spike discharges with a long latency (60-230 min after the administration). 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is thought to be metabolized to o-aminophenol, quinolinic acid and picolinic acid. Among the 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid metabolites, o-aminophenol induced spike discharges a few min after the administration, and the spike discharges a few min after the administrations, and the spike discharges lasted 60 min. On the other hand, quinolinic acid suppressed ECoG, and picolinic acid had no effect. These electrocorticographic findings suggest that 3- hydroxyanthranilc acid might induce spike discharges after metabolization to o-aminophenol. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishijimaYutaka en-aut-sei=Nishijima en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name=西嶋寛 kn-aut-sei=西嶋 kn-aut-mei=寛 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学歯学部口腔外科学第一講座 en-keyword=kynurenic acid kn-keyword=kynurenic acid en-keyword=3-hydroxyanthranilic acid kn-keyword=3-hydroxyanthranilic acid en-keyword=o-aminophenol kn-keyword=o-aminophenol en-keyword=quinolinic acid kn-keyword=quinolinic acid en-keyword=experimental seizures kn-keyword=experimental seizures END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=267 end-page=286 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=1992 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Changes of the afterdischarge threshold during the limbic or neocortical kindling in cats kn-title=辺縁系および新皮質キンドリング形成に伴う後発射誘発閾値の変化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The afterdischarge threshold (ADT) in the limbic foci is reduced during limbic kindling. However, the changes of the ADT in the remote brain regions which receives no kindling stimuli remain unknown. To investigate the progressive neuronal changes during kindling, changes of the DAT were observed in the primary kindled sites and seconday unstimulated sites (pyriform cortex : PC and entorhinal cortex : EC) in amygdala (AM), hippocampal (HIPP) or neocortical (anterior portion of the suprasylvian gyrus : SS) kindled cats. The seizur threshold rapidly decreased, not only in the primary focus (AM or HIPP) but also in the remote brain regions (PC and EC), in the early process of acquisition of the limbic epileptogenesis and that the reduction of the ADT was closely related to the development of seconday epileptogenesis. In perticular, the PC could acquire the neuronal hypere xcitability during limbic kindling. However, in contrast to limbic foci, no signgificant changes of the ADT in either primary focus (SS) or secondary focus (PC and EC) was observed. This suggest-ed that the necortical seizure develops due to another neuronal mechanism which differs from the mechanism of the limbic seizure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SaneiToshifumi en-aut-sei=Sanei en-aut-mei=Toshifumi kn-aut-name=實井俊典 kn-aut-sei=實井 kn-aut-mei=俊典 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部神経精神医学教室 en-keyword=kindling kn-keyword=kindling en-keyword=afterdischarge threshold kn-keyword=afterdischarge threshold en-keyword=transfer phenomenon kn-keyword=transfer phenomenon en-keyword=epilepsy kn-keyword=epilepsy en-keyword=cat kn-keyword=cat END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=221 end-page=234 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=1992 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of kainic acid, quisqualic acid and their antagonist on rat electrocorticoprams and on monoamine metabolite levels in rat striatum estimated by brain dialysis method kn-title=カイニン酸, キスカル酸およびその拮抗薬投与にともなう脳波および線条体モノアミン代謝産物の変動 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The CNS action of kanie acid (KA), quisqualic acid (QA) and 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-piperazine-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid (pCB-PzDA) was investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats, and their effects on monoamina metabolite levels in rat striatum were studied using brain dialysis. Intracerebroventricularly injected KA and QA (100nmol) induced spike discharges, and pCB-PzDA (100nmol) suppressed electrocorticograms (ECoG) for 1 hour. pCB-PzDA aggravated KA induced spike discharges and inhibited QA-induced spike discharges. Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels increased transitorily by injection of 100nmol and continuously by injection of 100nmol of KA. KA increased the 5-hydroxyindoleachtic acid (5-HIAA) level 2 hours after the administration dose-dependently. Though 10nmol of QA increased the HVA level slightly, 100nmol of QA increased the DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA levels. Though 100nmol of pCB-PzDA increased the DOPAC and HVA levels, it inhibited the increases in DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA levels induced by KA. On the other hand,pCB-PzDA inhibited the increases in DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA levels induced by QA for 1 hour, after which the DOPAC and HVA levels increased additively. These finding suggest that pCB-PzDA acts not only as a non-NMDA antagonist but also on dopaminergic neurons directly. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoMasatsune en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Masatsune kn-aut-name=山本正恒 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=正恒 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳代謝研究施設機能生化学部門 en-keyword=kainic acid kn-keyword=kainic acid en-keyword=quisqualic acid kn-keyword=quisqualic acid en-keyword=pCB-PzDA kn-keyword=pCB-PzDA en-keyword=brain dialysis kn-keyword=brain dialysis en-keyword=monoamine metabolism kn-keyword=monoamine metabolism END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=1159 end-page=1170 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=199412 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Morphological study on the uptake function of the nerve cells : Light and electron microscopical investigations kn-title=神経細胞の取り込み作用に関する形態学的研究―光学顕微鏡的および電子顕微鏡的研究― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the rat sciatic nerve and the uptake, retrograde transport and interneuronal fate of HRP were examined by light and electron microscopy. Furthermore, FeCl3 which is very toxic to the nervous system was also applied into the rat cerebral sensory motor cortex and examined whth Perls iron staining and Perls + DAB high sensitive iron staining methods for light microscopy. After the injection of iron into the rat sensory-motor cortex, the ultrastructual morphological effects on the neurons and glia cells in the hippocampus were also examined by electron microscopy. The HRP labeled neurons of the spinal ganglia and spinal anterior motor neurons were observed within 12 hours after application of HRP into the sciatic nerve. The HRP positive brown granules were accumulated in the perinuclear regions. Ultrastructurally, these granules appeared to be multivesicular and lysosomal bodies in the perinuclear regions. These granules were degraded by the lysosomal system disappearing 2 weeks after the injection. In the cases of FeCl3 injection, many neurons which existed in the vicinity of the injected area also showed iron uptake. These neurons contained abundant small brown materials in the cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, the pyramidal neurons showed the degenerated changes, the nuclei were pyknotic and the cytoplasmatic materials were amorphous. In the neurons which showed iron uptake, a cause of the epileptic abnormal discharge, there were no degenerative findings. These neurons probably showed the abnormal excitation and seizure discharge and induced the epileptic seizures in the iron-induced epileptic rats models. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KimuraYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name=木村康裕 kn-aut-sei=木村 kn-aut-mei=康裕 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部第一解剖学教室 en-keyword=取り込み作用 kn-keyword=取り込み作用 en-keyword=神経細胞 kn-keyword=神経細胞 en-keyword=HRP kn-keyword=HRP en-keyword=鉄 kn-keyword=鉄 en-keyword=光学顕微鏡 kn-keyword=光学顕微鏡 en-keyword=電子顕微鏡 kn-keyword=電子顕微鏡 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=106 cd-vols= no-issue=9-10 article-no= start-page=1035 end-page=1051 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=199410 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental study of L-Dopa induced abnormal involuntary movements in monkey kn-title=サルの L-Dopa 誘発不随意運動に関する実験的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Hypokinesia in the unilateral limbs was induced in 8 monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata) by a lesion in the contralateral mesencepahlic ventromedial tegmentum (VMT). Daily oral administration of L-Dopa/carbidopa (40mg/kg, 4mg/kg) relieved the hypokinesia and thereafter induced continuous abnormal (choreo-athetoid) involuntary movements (AMI) in upper and lower limbs contralateral to the lesion. These movements were always uniform and continued for a few hours. The author performed a series of pharmacological studies using these VMT-lesioned monkeys. 1) Direct injection of dopamine (500-1000μg/10μl) and apomorphine (500-1500μg/10μl)into the dorsomedial part of the head of the caudate nucleus ipsilateral to the VMT lesion induced the same AIM as those induced by oral administration of L-Dopa/carbidopa. However, intraputaminal injection of these agents induced AIM in bucco-lingual region only. 2) After oral administration of L-Dopa/cabidopa, direct injection of methionine-enkephalin (300μg/10μl), GABA (500-1000μl/10μl) and serotonin (100-200μg/10μl) into the dorsomedial part of the head of the caudate nucleus (HCN) slightly decreased the AIM. However, substance p(200-400μg/10μl) or atropine (100-200μg/10μl) had no effect on the AIM. Neither the direct injection of GABA (500-1000μg/10μl) nor substance P (200-400μg/10μl) into the internal segment of the globus pallidus had any effect of the AIM. 3) The dopaminergic receptor (DA-2) binding study was performed on caudate tissues which were removed 5 weeks after creating the lesion in the unilateral VMT. DA-2 receptor binding of the dorsomedial part of the caudate nucleus, ipsilateral to the lesion, had a higher affinity than that of the ipsilateral ventrolateral part or the contralateral caudate tissue. These results suggest that denervation supersensitivity of the post-synaptic DA-2 receptors in the dorsomedial part of the caudate nucleus is a basic condition for the development of L-Dopa induced AIM, and the postdopaninergic neuronal systems in the caudate nucleus are slightly suppressed by the intra-caudate neurons, of which transmitter substances are methionine-enkephalin, GABA and serotonin. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakuraiMasaru en-aut-sei=Sakurai en-aut-mei=Masaru kn-aut-name=桜井勝 kn-aut-sei=桜井 kn-aut-mei=勝 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部脳神経外科学教室 en-keyword=L-Dopa kn-keyword=L-Dopa en-keyword=involuntary movement kn-keyword=involuntary movement en-keyword=striatum kn-keyword=striatum en-keyword=centrally acting agents kn-keyword=centrally acting agents en-keyword=dopaminergic receptor kn-keyword=dopaminergic receptor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=119 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=41 end-page=47 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20070501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=An animal model of status epilepticus induced by massed electrical stimulations to the deep prepiriform cortex kn-title=深部前梨状葉皮質の間欠的電気刺激によるてんかん発作重積モデル en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Hippocampal damage induced by status epilepticus (SE) has been suggested as the developmental pathway of temporal lobe epilepsy. We developed an experimental model of SE induced by massed electrical stimulations into the deep prepiriform cortex. Stimulations under aminophylline pretreatment more effectively induced SE than those in the absence of aminophylline. Most SE episodes included secondary generalized seizures. Cresyl violet staining indicated neuronal degeneration in CA1 and CA3, 1-2 weeks after the SE. Mild neuronal loss was observed 8 weeks after the SE, although there were no obvious histological changes in the hilus. Immunoreactivity for GluR1, a subunit of the AMPA receptors, was reduced in CA3 and the hilus starting 1 week after SE, indicating a discrepancy between the distributions of neuronal damage and the GluR1 decrement. The present model serves as a useful model of SE. Further improvement of this method will make it an effective tool for understanding the developmental process of temporal lobe epilepsy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KoyamaFumihiko en-aut-sei=Koyama en-aut-mei=Fumihiko kn-aut-name=小山文彦 kn-aut-sei=小山 kn-aut-mei=文彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 精神神経病態学 en-keyword=けいれん発作重積(status epilepticus) kn-keyword=けいれん発作重積(status epilepticus) en-keyword=深部前梨状葉皮質(deep prepiriform cortex) kn-keyword=深部前梨状葉皮質(deep prepiriform cortex) en-keyword=反復電気刺激(massed electrical stimulations) kn-keyword=反復電気刺激(massed electrical stimulations) en-keyword=AMPA型受容体(AMPA receptors) kn-keyword=AMPA型受容体(AMPA receptors) en-keyword=ラット(rat) kn-keyword=ラット(rat) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=19930930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=胸部大動脈遮断時の脊髄虚血に関する実験的研究 経頭蓋的大脳皮質刺激による運動誘発電位を用いた脊髄虚血のモニタリング kn-title=An Experimental Study on Spinal Cord Ischemia During Cross-clamping of the Thoracic Aorta : The Monitoring of Spinal Cord Ischemia with Motor Evoked Potential by Transcranial Stimulation of the Cerebral Cortex in Dogs en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=諸國眞太郎 kn-aut-sei=諸國 kn-aut-mei=眞太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END