start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=64 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=1900 end-page=1905 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250615 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Subacute Upper Motor Neuron Dysfunction Possibly Associated with the Anti-GM1 Autoantibody en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Anti-GM1 antibodies are associated with Guillain-Barr? syndrome (GBS), primarily peripheral neuropathy. However, there are cases of anti-GM1 IgG antibody-positive GBS with upper motor neuron (UMN) signs. We herein report a case of gastrointestinal infection followed by subacute gait disturbance with predominant signs of UMN on a neurological examination. The serum and cerebrospinal fluid tests were positive for anti-GM1 and anti-asialo-GM1 IgG antibodies. An electrophysiological evaluation revealed normal nerve conduction and prolonged central motor conduction times. No magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were observed. The symptoms improved with treatment, which was accompanied by decreased antibody titers. This case highlights the fact that anti-GM1 IgG-associated disorders may present with predominant UMN involvement. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkuboSo en-aut-sei=Okubo en-aut-mei=So kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaedaMeiko en-aut-sei=Maeda en-aut-mei=Meiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatsuseKazuto en-aut-sei=Katsuse en-aut-mei=Kazuto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshiuraHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Ishiura en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShirotaYuichiro en-aut-sei=Shirota en-aut-mei=Yuichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamadaMasashi en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Masashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatakeWataru en-aut-sei=Satake en-aut-mei=Wataru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TodaTatsushi en-aut-sei=Toda en-aut-mei=Tatsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= en-keyword=anti-GM1 antibody kn-keyword=anti-GM1 antibody en-keyword=anti-GA1 antibody kn-keyword=anti-GA1 antibody en-keyword=upper motor neuron kn-keyword=upper motor neuron en-keyword=motor-evoked potentials kn-keyword=motor-evoked potentials en-keyword=central motor conduction time kn-keyword=central motor conduction time en-keyword=Guillain-Barr? syndrome kn-keyword=Guillain-Barr? syndrome END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=213 end-page=231 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250314 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=RKPM: Restricted Kernel Page Mechanism to?Mitigate Privilege Escalation Attacks en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Kernel memory corruption attacks against operating systems exploit kernel vulnerabilities to overwrite kernel data. Kernel address space layout randomization makes it difficult to identify kernel data by randomizing their virtual address space. Control flow integrity (CFI) prevents unauthorized kernel code execution by verifying kernel function calls. However, these countermeasures do not prohibit writing to kernel data. If the virtual address of privileged information is specified and CFI is circumvented, the privileged information can be modified by a kernel memory corruption attack. In this paper, we propose a restricted kernel page mechanism (RKPM) to mitigate kernel memory corruption attacks by introducing restricted kernel pages to protect the kernel data specified in the kernel. The RKPM focuses on the fact that kernel memory corruption attacks attempt to read the virtual addresses around the privileged information. The RKPM adopts page table mapping handling and a memory protection key to control the read and write restrictions of the restricted kernel pages. This allows us to mitigate kernel memory corruption attacks by capturing reads to the restricted kernel page before the privileged information is overwritten. As an evaluation of the RKPM, we confirmed that it can mitigate privilege escalation attacks on the latest Linux kernel. We also measured that there was a certain overhead in the kernel performance. This study enhances kernel security by mitigating privilege escalation attacks through the use of software or hardware based restricted kernel pages. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuzunoHiroki en-aut-sei=Kuzuno en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamauchiToshihiro en-aut-sei=Yamauchi en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=121 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=e70046 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250304 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Spider mite tetranins elicit different defense responses in different host habitats en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) are a major threat to economically important crops. Here, we investigated the potential of tetranins, in particular Tet3 and Tet4, as T. urticae protein-type elicitors that stimulate plant defense. Truncated Tet3 and Tet4 proteins showed efficacy in activating the defense gene pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) and inducing phytohormone production in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. In particular, Tet3 caused a drastically higher Ca2+ influx in leaves, but a lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation compared to other tetranins, whereas Tet4 caused a low Ca2+ influx and a high ROS generation in the host plants. Such specific and non-specific elicitor activities were examined by knockdown of Tet3 and Tet4 expressions in mites, confirming their respective activities and in particular showing that they function additively or synergistically to induce defense responses. Of great interest is the fact that Tet3 and Tet4 expression levels were higher in mites on their preferred host, P. vulgaris, compared to the levels in mites on the less-preferred host, Cucumis sativus, whereas Tet1 and Tet2 were constitutively expressed regardless of their host. Furthermore, mites that had been hosted on C. sativus induced lower levels of PR1 expression, Ca2+ influx and ROS generation, i.e., Tet3- and Tet4-responsive defense responses, in both P. vulgaris and C. sativus leaves compared to the levels induced by mites that had been hosted on P. vulgaris. Taken together, these findings show that selected tetranins respond to variable host cues that may optimize herbivore fitness by altering the anti-mite response of the host plant. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=EndoYukiko en-aut-sei=Endo en-aut-mei=Yukiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaMiku en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Miku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UemuraTakuya en-aut-sei=Uemura en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanimuraKaori en-aut-sei=Tanimura en-aut-mei=Kaori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DesakiYoshitake en-aut-sei=Desaki en-aut-mei=Yoshitake kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OzawaRika en-aut-sei=Ozawa en-aut-mei=Rika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=BonzanoSara en-aut-sei=Bonzano en-aut-mei=Sara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaffeiMassimo E. en-aut-sei=Maffei en-aut-mei=Massimo E. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinyaTomonori en-aut-sei=Shinya en-aut-mei=Tomonori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=GalisIvan en-aut-sei=Galis en-aut-mei=Ivan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArimuraGen‐ichiro en-aut-sei=Arimura en-aut-mei=Gen‐ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science kn-affil= en-keyword=Cucumis sativus kn-keyword=Cucumis sativus en-keyword=elicitor kn-keyword=elicitor en-keyword=Phaseolus vulgaris kn-keyword=Phaseolus vulgaris en-keyword=spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) kn-keyword=spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) en-keyword=tetranin kn-keyword=tetranin END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=599 cd-vols= no-issue=13 article-no= start-page=1914 end-page=1924 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250525 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Characterization of molecular mechanisms of CaMKKα/1 oligomerization en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is an activating kinase for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1 (CaMKI), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV (CaMKIV), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (PKB), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that has been reported to form an active oligomer in cells. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assay from the extracts of COS-7 cells expressing GST- and His6-CaMKKα/1 mutants showed that the C-terminal region containing the autoinhibitory and calmodulin (CaM)-binding sequence (residues 438?463) is required for CaMKKα/1 homo-oligomerization. This was confirmed by the fact that the GST-CaMKKα/1 C-terminal domain (residues 435?505) directly interacted with EGFP-CaMKKα/1 residues 435?505 as well as with wild-type CaMKKα/1. Notably, once oligomerized in cells, CaMKKα/1 is neither exchangeable between the oligomeric complexes nor dissociated by Ca2+/CaM binding. These results support stable oligomerization of CaMKK in the cells by intermolecular self-association of its C-terminal region containing a regulatory domain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UenoyamaShun en-aut-sei=Uenoyama en-aut-mei=Shun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NittaHayato en-aut-sei=Nitta en-aut-mei=Hayato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukaSatomi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuka en-aut-mei=Satomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MagariMasaki en-aut-sei=Magari en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuizuFutoshi en-aut-sei=Suizu en-aut-mei=Futoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokumitsuHiroshi en-aut-sei=Tokumitsu en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil= en-keyword=calmodulin kn-keyword=calmodulin en-keyword=calmodulin-kinase cascade kn-keyword=calmodulin-kinase cascade en-keyword=CaMKKa/ kn-keyword=CaMKKa/ en-keyword=oligomerization kn-keyword=oligomerization en-keyword=protein?protein interaction kn-keyword=protein?protein interaction en-keyword=regulatory domain kn-keyword=regulatory domain END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=32 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=773 end-page=782 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2025 dt-pub=20250508 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Japanese translation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast?+?4 (FACT-B?+?4) following international guidelines: a verification of linguistic validity en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background For breast cancer patients, postoperative lymphedema and upper limb movement disorders are serious complications that absolutely reduce their quality of life (QOL). To evaluate this serious complication, we used “Quick Dash” or “FACT-B”, which can assess a patient's physical, social, emotional, and functional health status. To evaluate their breast cancer surgery-related dysfunction correctly, “FACT-B?+?4” was created by adding four questions about “arm swelling'' and “tenderness”. We have translated it into Japanese according to international translation guidelines.
Methods At the beginning, we contacted FACT headquarters that we would like to create a Japanese version of FACT-B?+?4. They formed the FACIT Trans Team (FACIT) following international translation procedures, and then, we began translating according to them. The steps are 1: perform “Forward and Reverse translations” to create a “Preliminary Japanese version”, 2: request the cooperation of 5 breast cancer patients and “conduct a pilot study” and “questionnaire survey”, and 3: amendments and final approval based on pilot study results and clinical perspectives.
Result In Step1, FACIT requested faithful translation of the words, verbs, and nouns from the original text. In Step2, patients reported that they felt uncomfortable with the Japanese version words such as “numb'' and “stiffness'' and felt that it might be difficult to describe their symptoms accurately. In Step3, we readjusted the translation to be more concise and closer to common Japanese language, and performed “Step1” again to ensure that the translation definitely retained the meaning of the original.
Conclusion A Japanese version of FACT has existed until now, but there was no Japanese version of FACT-B?+?4, which adds four additional items to evaluate swelling and pain in the upper limbs. This time, we have created a Japanese version that has been approved by FACT. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsukiokiTakahiro en-aut-sei=Tsukioki en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakataNozomu en-aut-sei=Takata en-aut-mei=Nozomu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=DennisSaya R. en-aut-sei=Dennis en-aut-mei=Saya R. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TerataKaori en-aut-sei=Terata en-aut-mei=Kaori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SagaraYasuaki en-aut-sei=Sagara en-aut-mei=Yasuaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaiTakehiko en-aut-sei=Sakai en-aut-mei=Takehiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakayamaShin en-aut-sei=Takayama en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitagawaDai en-aut-sei=Kitagawa en-aut-mei=Dai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KikawaYuichiro en-aut-sei=Kikawa en-aut-mei=Yuichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiYuko en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Yuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwataniTsuguo en-aut-sei=Iwatani en-aut-mei=Tsuguo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaraFumikata en-aut-sei=Hara en-aut-mei=Fumikata kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujisawaTomomi en-aut-sei=Fujisawa en-aut-mei=Tomomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShienTadahiko en-aut-sei=Shien en-aut-mei=Tadahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Northwestern University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Akita University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Social Medical Corporation Hakuaikai Sagara Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Breast Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Breast Cancer, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=Breast cancer kn-keyword=Breast cancer en-keyword=FACT-B kn-keyword=FACT-B en-keyword=FACT-B+4 kn-keyword=FACT-B+4 en-keyword=QOL kn-keyword=QOL END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=39 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=463 end-page=483 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Detailed Re-Examination of the Period Gene Rescue Experiments Shows That Four to Six Cryptochrome-Positive Posterior Dorsal Clock Neurons (DN1p) of Drosophila melanogaster Can Control Morning and Evening Activity en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Animal circadian clocks play a crucial role in regulating behavioral adaptations to daily environmental changes. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits 2 prominent peaks of activity in the morning and evening, known as morning (M) and evening (E) peaks. These peaks are controlled by 2 distinct circadian oscillators located in separate groups of clock neurons in the brain. To investigate the clock neurons responsible for the M and E peaks, a cell-specific gene expression system, the GAL4-UAS system, has been commonly employed. In this study, we re-examined the two-oscillator model for the M and E peaks of Drosophila by utilizing more than 50 Gal4 lines in conjunction with the UAS-period16 line, which enables the restoration of the clock function in specific cells in the period (per) null mutant background. Previous studies have indicated that the group of small ventrolateral neurons (s-LNv) is responsible for controlling the M peak, while the other group, consisting of the 5th ventrolateral neuron (5th LNv) and the three cryptochrome (CRY)-positive dorsolateral neurons (LNd), is responsible for the E peak. Furthermore, the group of posterior dorsal neurons 1 (DN1p) is thought to also contain M and E oscillators. In this study, we found that Gal4 lines directed at the same clock neuron groups can lead to different results, underscoring the fact that activity patterns are influenced by many factors. Nevertheless, we were able to confirm previous findings that the entire network of circadian clock neurons controls M and E peaks, with the lateral neurons playing a dominant role. In addition, we demonstrate that 4 to 6 CRY-positive DN1p cells are sufficient to generate M and E peaks in light-dark cycles and complex free-running rhythms in constant darkness. Ultimately, our detailed screening could serve as a catalog to choose the best Gal4 lines that can be used to rescue per in specific clock neurons. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SekiguchiManabu en-aut-sei=Sekiguchi en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ReinhardNils en-aut-sei=Reinhard en-aut-mei=Nils kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukudaAyumi en-aut-sei=Fukuda en-aut-mei=Ayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatohShun en-aut-sei=Katoh en-aut-mei=Shun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=RiegerDirk en-aut-sei=Rieger en-aut-mei=Dirk kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Helfrich-F?rsterCharlotte en-aut-sei=Helfrich-F?rster en-aut-mei=Charlotte kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiiTaishi en-aut-sei=Yoshii en-aut-mei=Taishi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of W?rzburg kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of W?rzburg kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of W?rzburg kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=period kn-keyword=period en-keyword=GAL4-UAS kn-keyword=GAL4-UAS en-keyword=clock neuron kn-keyword=clock neuron en-keyword=activity rhythm kn-keyword=activity rhythm en-keyword=two-oscillator model kn-keyword=two-oscillator model END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=18 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=347 end-page=354 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20231218 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Close-Packed Ices in Nanopores en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Water molecules in any of the ice polymorphs organize themselves into a perfect four-coordinated hydrogen-bond network at the expense of dense packing. Even at high pressures, there seems to be no way to reconcile the ice rules with the close packing. Here, we report several close-packed ice phases in carbon nanotubes obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of two different water models. Typically they are in plastic states at high temperatures and are transformed into the hydrogen-ordered ice, keeping their close-packed structures at lower temperatures. The close-packed structures of water molecules in carbon nanotubes are identified with those of spheres in a cylinder. We present design principles of hydrogen-ordered, close-packed structures of ice in nanotubes, which suggest many possible dense ice forms with or without nonzero polarization. In fact, some of the simulated ices are found to exhibit ferroelectric ordering upon cooling. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MochizukiKenji en-aut-sei=Mochizuki en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AdachiYuji en-aut-sei=Adachi en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KogaKenichiro en-aut-sei=Koga en-aut-mei=Kenichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Close-packed ices kn-keyword=Close-packed ices en-keyword=Ice nanotubes kn-keyword=Ice nanotubes en-keyword=Carbon nanotubes kn-keyword=Carbon nanotubes en-keyword=Continuous freezing kn-keyword=Continuous freezing en-keyword=Ferroelectricices kn-keyword=Ferroelectricices END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=67 end-page=78 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Disaster information and documentation in the Meiji period kn-title=明治期の災害情報と記録化―遠藤允信の情報活動とその背景― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper focuses on the recording and transmission of disaster information, and examines the accumulation of disaster information, its trends, and the intentions behind its accumulation through a survey of information records accumulated by individuals during the Meiji period. End? Sanenobu, the subject of this paper, was active mainly in Kyoto during the Meiji period (1868-1912), and in the course of his activities, he accumulated a vast amount of information records called the Seizan Manroku (静山漫録), including records of his investigations of ancient documents handed down in various places and verification records of folk tales and customs passed down in various places. In the course of accumulating such information, he became increasingly interested in disaster information after the Yodogawa river flood in Osaka in 1885, and eventually began to compile a series of Suiin Hikkai（酔蚓筆芥）on disaster information as his main theme. The series of information activities by Sanenobu were also supported by the development and diffusion of information media during that period. At the same time, the fact that Sanenobu paid attention to disaster information among various types of information suggests that he regarded disasters as an important turning point in his understanding of national and social changes. Through this information, the reality of people's social perceptions formed by the media will be revealed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AMANOMasashi en-aut-sei=AMANO en-aut-mei=Masashi kn-aut-name=天野真志 kn-aut-sei=天野 kn-aut-mei=真志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=National Museum of Japanese History kn-affil= en-keyword=the Yodogawa river kn-keyword=the Yodogawa river en-keyword=disaster information kn-keyword=disaster information en-keyword=information gathering kn-keyword=information gathering en-keyword=historical awareness kn-keyword=historical awareness END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=635 end-page=645 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202312 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of Nutritional Support Combined with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Strength and Thickness: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Young Adult Males en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the management of post-injury patients with activity limitations, methods to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and hasten recovery are important. This randomized controlled, single-blinded study was a preliminary investigation of the combined effect of nutritional support with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle strength and thickness. Healthy young adult males (median age, 21 years) were enrolled; each of their hands was randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: Placebo, Nutrition, NMES, and Nutrition + NMES. All participants received whey protein or placebo (3x/week for 6 weeks) and NMES training (3x/week for 6 weeks) on the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle of either the left or right hand. ADM muscle strength and thickness were analyzed at baseline and at week 7. We analyzed 38 hands (9 Placebo, 10 Nutrition, 9 NMES, 10 Nutrition + NMES). There was significantly greater muscle strengthening in the Nutrition + NMES group compared to the Placebo group or the NMES group, but no significant difference in gain of muscle thickness. The combined intervention may be effective in improving muscle strength. Future clinical trials targeting various muscles after sports-related injuries are warranted. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IkedaTomohiro en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Tomohiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamuraKazunori en-aut-sei=Okamura en-aut-mei=Kazunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasegawaMasaki en-aut-sei=Hasegawa en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanaiShusaku en-aut-sei=Kanai en-aut-mei=Shusaku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima kn-affil= en-keyword=whey protein kn-keyword=whey protein en-keyword=electrical stimulation kn-keyword=electrical stimulation en-keyword=muscle strength kn-keyword=muscle strength en-keyword=healthy volunteers kn-keyword=healthy volunteers END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=68 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=273 end-page=278 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220720 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Acute sensorineural hearing loss after using a privately imported PDE-5 inhibitor : A case report kn-title=個人輸入した PDE-5 阻害薬の内服後に生じた急性感音難聴の 1 例 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=We herein report a case of acute sensory deafness that occurred immediately after taking a privately imported phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. A man in his 40s developed sensorineural hearing loss after using vardenafil purchased over the Internet. He received systemic prednisolone and discontinued vardenafil, which generally improved his hearing. Although it has been pointed out that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are associated with deafness, this fact is not well known in Japan. It is easy to import phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for personal use via the Internet. However, many counterfeit drugs of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor are distributed online, causing health hazards. We should always be alert for any medications that need to be discontinued. kn-abstract=個人輸入した PDE-5 阻害薬内服後に急性感音難聴を生じた症例を経験したため報告する。症例は 40 代、男性。インターネット経由で購入したバルデナフィルを使用後に、感音難聴を生じた。プレドニゾロンの全身投与を行い、バルデナフィルを中止したところ、聴力はおおむね改善した。PDE-5 阻害薬は難聴との関連が指摘されているが、わが国では十分に周知されていない。PDE-5 阻害薬はインターネットで簡単に個人輸入できる一方で、偽造薬も数多く出回っており、健康被害も生じている。また、個人輸入薬は処方薬に比して服薬歴の把握が難しい場合があり、薬剤性難聴を疑う場合は詳細な問診を心掛ける必要がある。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KARIYAAkifumi en-aut-sei=KARIYA en-aut-mei=Akifumi kn-aut-name=假谷彰文 kn-aut-sei=假谷 kn-aut-mei=彰文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ISHIHARAHisashi en-aut-sei=ISHIHARA en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name=石原久司 kn-aut-sei=石原 kn-aut-mei=久司 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AKISADANaoki en-aut-sei=AKISADA en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name=秋定直樹 kn-aut-sei=秋定 kn-aut-mei=直樹 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HAMADAKoji en-aut-sei=HAMADA en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name=濱田浩司 kn-aut-sei=濱田 kn-aut-mei=浩司 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FUJISayaka en-aut-sei=FUJI en-aut-mei=Sayaka kn-aut-name=藤さやか kn-aut-sei=藤 kn-aut-mei=さやか aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AKAGISeiko en-aut-sei=AKAGI en-aut-mei=Seiko kn-aut-name=赤木成子 kn-aut-sei=赤木 kn-aut-mei=成子 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=TAKEUCHIAyako en-aut-sei=TAKEUCHI en-aut-mei=Ayako kn-aut-name=竹内彩子 kn-aut-sei=竹内 kn-aut-mei=彩子 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital kn-affil=岡山赤十字病院耳鼻咽喉科 affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital kn-affil=岡山赤十字病院耳鼻咽喉科 affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科耳鼻咽喉・頭頸部外科学 affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital kn-affil=岡山赤十字病院耳鼻咽喉科 affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital kn-affil=岡山赤十字病院耳鼻咽喉科 affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital kn-affil=岡山赤十字病院耳鼻咽喉科 affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital kn-affil=岡山赤十字病院耳鼻咽喉科 en-keyword=急性感音難聴 kn-keyword=急性感音難聴 en-keyword=薬剤性難聴 kn-keyword=薬剤性難聴 en-keyword=PDE-5 阻害薬 kn-keyword=PDE-5 阻害薬 en-keyword=バルデナフィル kn-keyword=バルデナフィル en-keyword=個人輸入薬 kn-keyword=個人輸入薬 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=77 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=235 end-page=241 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=202306 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Endocrinological Changes after Anamorelin Administration in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Changes in hormone levels in patients with cancer cachexia after anamorelin administration have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to determine how anamorelin affects the endocrine system in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and cachexia. We prospectively enrolled 13 patients and comprehensively investigated their body weight and levels of serum albumin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and hormones before (week 0) and 3 and 12 weeks after anamorelin administration. The variables were evaluated at week 3 in 9 patients and at week 12 in 5 patients. At week 3, anamorelin administration resulted in body weight gain and increased the levels of growth hormone and HbA1c, as well as insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation scores (IGF-1 SD scores). At the same time, negative correlations were observed between ΔIGF-1 SD score and Δthyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) and between ΔIGF-1 SD score and Δfree testosterone. ΔBody weight and ΔIGF-1 SD score correlated positively at week 12. These results suggest that TSH and free testosterone levels can be affected 3 weeks after anamorelin administration; however, those variables tend to return to a state of equilibrium, and anabolic effects of anamorelin appear in long-term (? 12 weeks) users. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KuraokaSakiko en-aut-sei=Kuraoka en-aut-mei=Sakiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwamuroMasaya en-aut-sei=Iwamuro en-aut-mei=Masaya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatomiTakuya en-aut-sei=Satomi en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamazakiTatsuhiro en-aut-sei=Yamazaki en-aut-mei=Tatsuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamadaKenta en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Kenta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonoYoshiyasu en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Yoshiyasu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanzakiHiromitsu en-aut-sei=Kanzaki en-aut-mei=Hiromitsu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoHironari en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Hironari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukaFumio en-aut-sei=Otsuka en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=anamorelin kn-keyword=anamorelin en-keyword=body weight kn-keyword=body weight en-keyword=cancer cachexia kn-keyword=cancer cachexia en-keyword=endocrine system kn-keyword=endocrine system END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=11 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Introduction to Special Feature kn-title=特集にあたって en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This special feature is based on the symposium ,"Feelings of "Meiwaku/Burden" in Modern Japan’s Super-aging Society,” which was held on Monday, September 19, 2022. This symposium was sponsored by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20A00007. This project focuses on the fact that when people think about aging, end-of-life care, and death in modern Japan, many feel that “they do not want to be a burden to others.” The project is divided into three research groups: historic studies, studies of contemporary Japan, and field research. The symposium reported the results of the contemporary Japan research group, which is halfway through its research. The symposium consisted of two sessions, and this special feature is based on the three participants in the session titled “Feelings of"Meiwaku/Burden" : A Comparison with Other Countries.” Ryozo Suzuki’s study focuses on “the giving of gifts as being mutual actions of giving and receiving” to understand the elderly’s feelings of meiwaku and analyzes the significance and complex structures of the feeling of “being a burden to others” at the end of one’s life. Haruka Hikasa’s study considers the feelings of meiwaku in relation to the subject’s autonomy in the context of medical care provided to people with terminal or chronic illnesses. Natsumi Tanaka’s study examines the feelings of meiwaku among the elderly in France and is based on the work of Simone de Beauvoir. She determines the motivations behind the elderly’s feelings of meiwaku and categorizes them. The abovementioned studies present important research results and facilitate future comparative research on the feelings of meiwaku between Japan and other countries. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MOTOMURAMasafumi en-aut-sei=MOTOMURA en-aut-mei=Masafumi kn-aut-name=本村昌文 kn-aut-sei=本村 kn-aut-mei=昌文 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学学術研究院ヘルスシステム統合科学学域 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=6 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=igac035 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220606 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Effects of Wages and Training on Intent to Switch or Leave Among Direct Care Workers en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background and Objectives Although most studies have not separated turnover of direct care workers (DCWs) into those who switch to another organization (switchers) and those who leave the industry (leavers), switchers and leavers have different impacts on the facilities they quit and the labor market for DCWs. We distinguished between intent to switch and intent to leave and investigated the impact of wages and training on each turnover intention. Research Design and Methods Data were obtained from Japan's Fact-Finding Survey on Long-term Care Work. We included DCWs (n = 7,311) in the analyses and used multinomial regression by sex and provider type to compare those who wanted to switch and those who wanted to leave with those who wanted to remain in their current workplace. Results The impacts of an increase in wages and a higher training score were larger for intent to switch than intent to leave. Compared with wages, the impact of training was greater. The impact of job characteristics on turnover intention varied between women and men and across provider types. Discussion and Implications This study provides a better understanding of the difference in the determinants of switching and leaving and simultaneously increases our understanding of the differences between women and men and across provider types. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KishidaKensaku en-aut-sei=Kishida en-aut-mei=Kensaku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Long-term care kn-keyword=Long-term care en-keyword=Turnover kn-keyword=Turnover en-keyword=Workforce issues kn-keyword=Workforce issues END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=24 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=60 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220912 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Exosomal Wnt7a from a low metastatic subclone promotes lung metastasis of a highly metastatic subclone in the murine 4t1 breast cancer en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often have poorer prognosis than those with other subtypes because of its aggressive behaviors. Cancer cells are heterogeneous, and only a few highly metastatic subclones metastasize. Although the majority of subclones may not metastasize, they could contribute by releasing factors that increase the capacity of highly metastatic cells and/or provide a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we analyzed the interclonal communication in TNBC which leads to efficient cancer progression, particularly lung metastasis, using the polyclonal murine 4T1 BC model. Methods We isolated two 4T1 subclones, LM.4T1 and HM.4T1 cells with a low and a high metastatic potential, respectively, and examined the effects of LM.4T1 cells on the behaviors of HM.4T1 cells using the cell scratch assay, sphere-forming assay, sphere invasion assay, RT-qPCR, and western blotting in vitro. We also examined the contribution of LM.4T1 cells to the lung metastasis of HM.4T1 cells and TME in vivo. To identify a critical factor which may be responsible for the effects by LM.4T1 cells, we analyzed the data obtained from the GEO database. Results Co-injection of LM.4T1 cells significantly augmented lung metastases by HM.4T1 cells. LM.4T1-derived exosomes promoted the migration and invasion of HM.4T1 cells in vitro, and blocking the secretion of exosome abrogated their effects on HM.4T1 cells. Analyses of data obtained from the GEO database suggested that Wnt7a might be a critical factor responsible for the enhancing effects. In fact, a higher level of Wnt7a was detected in LM.4T1 cells, especially in exosomes, than in HM.4T1 cells, and deletion of Wnt7a in LM.4T1 cells significantly decreased the lung metastasis of HM.4T1 cells. Further, treatment with Wnt7a increased the spheroid formation by HM.4T1 cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Finally, infiltration of alpha SMA-positive fibroblasts and angiogenesis was more prominent in tumors of LM.4T1 cells and deletion of Wnt7a in LM.4T1 cells markedly reduced angiogenesis. Conclusions We demonstrated, for the first time, that a low metastatic subclone can enhance lung metastasis of highly metastatic subclone via exosomal Wnt7a and propose Wnt7a as a molecular target to treat TNBC patients. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LiChunning en-aut-sei=Li en-aut-mei=Chunning kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimuraTeizo en-aut-sei=Yoshimura en-aut-mei=Teizo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TianMiao en-aut-sei=Tian en-aut-mei=Miao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangYuze en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Yuze kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoTakamasa en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Takamasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoKen-Ichi en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Ken-Ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujisawaMasayoshi en-aut-sei=Fujisawa en-aut-mei=Masayoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OharaToshiaki en-aut-sei=Ohara en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaguchiMasakiyo en-aut-sei=Sakaguchi en-aut-mei=Masakiyo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsukawaAkihiro en-aut-sei=Matsukawa en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Breast cancer kn-keyword=Breast cancer en-keyword=Metastasis kn-keyword=Metastasis en-keyword=Exosomes kn-keyword=Exosomes en-keyword=Epithelial mesenchymal transition kn-keyword=Epithelial mesenchymal transition en-keyword=Tumor microenvironment kn-keyword=Tumor microenvironment END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=447 end-page=455 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202208 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Elucidation of the Mechanism and Significance of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate from Clinical Laboratory Data en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a widely used marker of inflammation, but the detailed mechanisms underlying the ESR remain unclear. We retrospectively collected laboratory data from our hospital’s laboratory information system, and performed multiple linear regression analysis and correlation analysis to determine relationships between the ESR and other laboratory test parameters. The alpha-2, beta-2, and gamma fractions from serum protein electrophoresis, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, and complement C3 levels, plasma fibrinogen levels, and platelet count showed positive effects on the ESR; however, the serum albumin level showed negative effects. Since erythrocytes are negatively charged, an increase in positively charged proteins and a decrease in negatively charged albumin were suggested to increase the ESR. Notably, C-reactive protein (CRP) showed the third-strongest correlation with the ESR despite having no significant effect on the ESR. We also reviewed cases with discordant ESR and CRP levels to compare the disease profiles of high ESR/low CRP patients and low ESR/high CRP patients. The patients with high ESR/low CRP had a completely different disease profile from those with low ESR/high CRP. Since the ESR and CRP have different roles, they should be used as markers in a context-dependent manner. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UmemuraHiroshi en-aut-sei=Umemura en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukudaYoshiaki en-aut-sei=Fukuda en-aut-mei=Yoshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyashitaTetsuo en-aut-sei=Miyashita en-aut-mei=Tetsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakayamaTomohiro en-aut-sei=Nakayama en-aut-mei=Tomohiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine kn-affil= en-keyword=complement kn-keyword=complement en-keyword=erythrocyte sedimentation rate kn-keyword=erythrocyte sedimentation rate en-keyword=fibrinogen kn-keyword=fibrinogen en-keyword=immunoglobulin kn-keyword=immunoglobulin en-keyword=serum protein electrophoresis kn-keyword=serum protein electrophoresis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=359 end-page=371 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202208 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Therapeutic Approaches Targeting miRNA in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal systemic autoimmune disease, and its etiology involves both genetic and environmental factors such as sex hormone imbalance, genetic predisposition, epigenetic regulation, and immunological factors. Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) is suggested to be one of the epigenetic factors in SLE. miRNA is a 22-nucleotide single-stranded noncoding RNA that contributes to post-transcriptional modulation of gene expression. miRNA targeting therapy has been suggested to be useful for the treatment of cancers and other diseases. Gene knockout and miRNA targeting therapy have been demonstrated to improve SLE disease activity in mice. However, these approaches have not yet reached the level of clinical application. miRNA targeting therapy is limited by the fact that each miRNA has multiple targets. In addition, the expression of certain miRNAs may differ among cell tissues within a single SLE patient. This limitation can be overcome by targeted delivery and chemical modifications. In the future, further research into miRNA chemical modifications and delivery systems will help us develop novel therapeutic agents for SLE. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Hiramatsu-AsanoSumie en-aut-sei=Hiramatsu-Asano en-aut-mei=Sumie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WadaJun en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=systemic lupus erythematosus kn-keyword=systemic lupus erythematosus en-keyword=miRNA kn-keyword=miRNA en-keyword=miRNA targeting therapy kn-keyword=miRNA targeting therapy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=130 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=605 end-page=610 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202281 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Environmental activities on glass in Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In general, glass has been recognized as an environmentally friendly material. However, the production of glass requires a lot of heat energy, and the raw materials also emit CO2 at the melting process. In fact, commercial glasses are not easy to recycle. In glass industry of Japan, various efforts have been made so far to reduce the environmental impact of glass. In this paper, not only glass manufacturing technologies but also glass recycling technologies were reviewed, and the future glass production technologies to achieve carbon neutrality were also introduced. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NanbaTokuro en-aut-sei=Nanba en-aut-mei=Tokuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=BeninoYasuhiko en-aut-sei=Benino en-aut-mei=Yasuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkaiTomoko en-aut-sei=Akai en-aut-mei=Tomoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=53 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=21 end-page=44 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220520 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Political, Economic, and Social Changes since the System Transformation Period in Poland: Doctrinal Trends of the Catholic Church and the Rise of Populism kn-title=ポーランドにおける体制転換以降の政治・経済・社会的変動 −カトリック教会の動向とポピュリズム政治の台頭を中心に− en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper describes the doctrinal trends of the Catholic Church and the rise of populist politics by analyzing the political, economic, and social changes that have occurred since the system transformation period.
In 1989, Poland became the first socialist country to establish a non-communist government and led the system transformations in Eastern European countries. Politically, Poland has broken the communist dictatorship and introduced political pluralism, economically she has promoted market liberalization, and socially she has achieved democratization and cultural pluralism. However, politicians, while superficially advocating political pluralism, often engaged in a battle of mutual accusations through “lustration,” which refers to policies that limit the participation of former communists, especially informants of the communist secret police, resulting in political chaos. In recent years, under the “Law and Justice” regime, Catholic traditions and conservative national and family values have been honored as values that must be upheld by Poles, while EU skepticism has been propagated, anti-immigrant sentiments have been fanned, and the clampdown on LGBT people has been tightened. Conflicts with the EU have also intensified, including political intervention in the judiciary and the supremacy of domestic law over EU law. Put simply, Law and Justice, while claiming to reintroduce pluralism into a Polish polity dominated by the monolithic technocratic liberalism that was dominant in the early years of the transition, has in fact empowered social groups that felt excluded from the post-1989 reforms to create a more exclusive monism.
Thus, while Poland received international attention as a country that led the way in democratization among the former Eastern European countries, even today pluralism has not taken stable root. In Chapter 1, the political and economic situation and changes of doctrine of the Church during the transition period will be analyzed. In Chapter 2, the political changes during the EU accession period and the church’s search for its position will mentioned. The chapter ３ will analyze the rise of populism after 2015 and its relationship to the Catholic Church. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IemotoHiroichi en-aut-sei=Iemoto en-aut-mei=Hiroichi kn-aut-name=家本博一 kn-aut-sei=家本 kn-aut-mei=博一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaguchiMasahiro en-aut-sei=Taguchi en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name=田口雅弘 kn-aut-sei=田口 kn-aut-mei=雅弘 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=名古屋学院大学名誉教授 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=76 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=51 end-page=56 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202202 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Obesity’s Influence on Insulin Resistance in Pregnant Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine metabolic disorder that is associated with high insulin resistance and obesity. However, ~70% of women with PCOS in Japan are non-obese. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 163 Japanese women with PCOS who visited our Ob/Gyn department in 2006-2018 to determine which has a greater effect on insulin resistance: PCOS or obesity. We reviewed the women’s medical records and calculated their insulin resistance and insulin secretion. The women’s mean age and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were 30±5.8 years and 24.8±5.6 kg/m2, respectively; their mean ± SD fasting plasma glucose, 94.1±13.7 mg/dL; HOMA-IR, 2.1±2.0; QUICKI, 0.4±0.0; and HOMA-β, 108.9±88.0%. Sixtyeight women were pregnant, and 37% (n=25) were obese (BMI ? 25 kg/m2). Obesity had a greater effect on insulin resistance: fasting plasma glucose F(1, 53)=6.134, p<0.05; fasting insulin F(1, 53)=31.606, p<0.01; HOMA-IR F(1, 53)=31.670, p<0.01; QUICKI F(1, 53)=16.156, p<0.01. There was no significant difference in values other than QUICKI and testosterone between the women with and without PCOS. Obesity thus had a greater effect on increased insulin resistance in pregnant women with PCOS. Further studies of the insulin resistance of non-obese women with PCOS is needed, as non-obese women with PCOS are common in Asia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=EtoEriko en-aut-sei=Eto en-aut-mei=Eriko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniKazumasa en-aut-sei=Tani en-aut-mei=Kazumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakiJota en-aut-sei=Maki en-aut-mei=Jota kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayataKei en-aut-sei=Hayata en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasuyamaHisashi en-aut-sei=Masuyama en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=polycystic ovary syndrome kn-keyword=polycystic ovary syndrome en-keyword=insulin resistance kn-keyword=insulin resistance en-keyword=obesity kn-keyword=obesity en-keyword=pregnancy kn-keyword=pregnancy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=587 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=160 end-page=165 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Oligomerization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases (CaMKKα and β) are regulatory kinases for multiple downstream kinases, including CaMKI, CaMKIV, PKB/Akt, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through phosphorylation of each activation-loop Thr residue. In this report, we biochemically characterize the oligomeric structure of CaMKK isoforms through a heterologous expression system using COS-7 cells. Oligomerization of CaMKK isoforms was readily observed by treating CaMKK transfected cells with cell membrane permeable crosslinkers. In addition, His-tagged CaMKKα (His?CaMKKα) pulled down with FLAG-tagged CaMKKα (FLAG?CaMKKα) in transfected cells. The oligomerization of CaMKKα was confirmed by the fact that GST?CaMKKα/His?CaMKKα complex from transiently expressed COS-7 cells extracts was purified to near homogeneity by the sequential chromatography using glutathione-sepharose/Nisepharose and was observed in a Ca2+/CaM-independent manner by reciprocal pulldown assay, suggesting the direct interaction between monomeric CaMKKα. Furthermore, the His-CaMKKα kinase-dead mutant (D293A) complexed with FLAG?CaMKKα exhibited significant CaMKK activity, indicating the active CaMKKα multimeric complex. Collectively, these results suggest that CaMKKα can self-associate in the cells, constituting a catalytically active oligomer that might be important for the efficient activation of CaMKK-mediated intracellular signaling. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FukumotoYusei en-aut-sei=Fukumoto en-aut-mei=Yusei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaradaYuhei en-aut-sei=Harada en-aut-mei=Yuhei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukaSatomi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuka en-aut-mei=Satomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanayamaNaoki en-aut-sei=Kanayama en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MagariMasaki en-aut-sei=Magari en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HatanoNaoya en-aut-sei=Hatano en-aut-mei=Naoya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakagamiHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Sakagami en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokumitsuHiroshi en-aut-sei=Tokumitsu en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=CaMKK kn-keyword=CaMKK en-keyword=oligomerization kn-keyword=oligomerization en-keyword=Ca2+-signaling kn-keyword=Ca2+-signaling en-keyword=phosphorylation kn-keyword=phosphorylation en-keyword=CaM kinase cascade kn-keyword=CaM kinase cascade END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=28 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=48 end-page=53 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=20181 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Covariate balance for no confounding in the sufficient-cause model en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: To show conditions of covariate balance for no confounding in the sufficient-cause model and discuss its relationship with exchangeability conditions.
Methods: We consider the link between the sufficient-cause model and the counterfactual model, emphasizing that the target population plays a key role when discussing these conditions. Furthermore, we incorporate sufficient causes within the directed acyclic graph framework. We propose to use each of the background factors in sufficient causes as representing a set of covariates of interest and discuss the presence of covariate balance by comparing joint distributions of the relevant background factors between the exposed and the unexposed groups.
Results: We show conditions for partial covariate balance, covariate balance, and full covariate balance, each of which is stronger than partial exchangeability, exchangeability, and full exchangeability, respectively. This is consistent with the fact that the sufficient-cause model is a “finer” model than the counterfactual model.
Conclusions: Covariate balance is a sufficient, but not a necessary, condition for no confounding irrespective of the target population. Although our conceptualization of covariate imbalance is closely related to the recently proposed counterfactual-based definition of a confounder, the concepts of covariate balance and confounder should be clearly distinguished. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SuzukiEtsuji en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Etsuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsudaToshihide en-aut-sei=Tsuda en-aut-mei=Toshihide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoEiji en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Information Science, Faculty of Informatics, Okayama University of Science kn-affil= en-keyword=bias kn-keyword=bias en-keyword=causality kn-keyword=causality en-keyword=confounding factors kn-keyword=confounding factors en-keyword=epidemiologic methods kn-keyword=epidemiologic methods END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=75 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=677 end-page=684 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=EG-VEGF Induces Invasion of a Human Trophoblast Cell Line via PROKR2 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion is important for embryo implantation, placental development, and successful remodeling of the uterine spiral artery. Endocrine gland derived-vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in EVT invasion; however, the high con-centrations found in pregnancy pathologies have not been investigated in non-tumor trophoblasts. The roles of EG-VEGF, prokineticin receptors (PROKR1/2), MMP-2, and MMP-9 in EVT invasion during spiral artery remodeling were evaluated using human EVT from HTR-8/SVneo cell lines. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt pathways in HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with recom-binant EG-VEGF alongside anti-PROKR1 and/or anti-PROKR2 antibodies was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting. Wound-healing and cell invasion assays were performed to assess the migration and invasion of these treated cells. Interestingly, 20 nM EG-VEGF activated ERK1/2 sig-naling and upregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9. This effect was suppressed by anti-PROKR2 antibody via ERK1/2 downregulation. Anti-PROKR2 antibody inhibited the migration and invasion of EG-VEGF-stimulated HTR-8/SVneo cells. Elevated concentrations of EG-VEGF enhance EVT invasion in a human trophoblast cell line by upregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 via PROKR2. These new insights into the regulation of epithelial cell invasion may help in developing therapeutic interventions for placental-related diseases during pregnancy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TaniKazumasa kn-aut-sei=Tani kn-aut-mei=Kazumasa aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitsuiTakashi en-aut-sei=Mitsui en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MishimaSakurako en-aut-sei=Mishima en-aut-mei=Sakurako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhiraAkiko en-aut-sei=Ohira en-aut-mei=Akiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakiJota en-aut-sei=Maki en-aut-mei=Jota kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=EtoEriko en-aut-sei=Eto en-aut-mei=Eriko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayataKei en-aut-sei=Hayata en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraKeiichiro en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Keiichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasuyamaHisashi en-aut-sei=Masuyama en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor kn-keyword=endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor en-keyword=prokineticin kn-keyword=prokineticin en-keyword=extravillous trophoblast kn-keyword=extravillous trophoblast en-keyword=matrix metalloproteinase kn-keyword=matrix metalloproteinase en-keyword=obstetric diseases kn-keyword=obstetric diseases END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=574 cd-vols= no-issue=15 article-no= start-page=117149 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Heterogeneity within refractory organic matter from CM2 Carbonaceous Chondrites: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=CM2 chondrites experienced widespread aqueous and short term thermal alteration on their parent bodies. Whilst previous Raman spectroscopic investigations have investigated insoluble organic matter (IOM), they have not taken into account the binary nature of IOM. Studies employing mass spectrometry have indicated that IOM also known as macromolecular organic matter (MOM) is in fact composed of two distinct fractions: labile organic matter (LOM) and refractory organic matter (ROM). The ROM component represents the aromatic rich and heteroatom poor component of IOM/MOM, whilst the LOM fraction represents a more heteroatom and aliphatic rich component. Here we report Raman 2D maps and spectroscopic data for Murchison and Mighei, both before and after chemical degradation, which attacks and liberates LOM. The removal of LOM simulates the effects of aqueous alteration, where ester and ether bonds are broken and is thought to release some components to the soluble organic matter (SOM) fraction, also known as the free organic matter fraction (FOM). Raman spectroscopy can be used to reveal the nature of bonding (sp2and sp3) within carbonaceous materials such as meteoritic organic matter, through evaluation of the D and G band peak centres and FWHM values from the recorded data. The presence of sp3orbitals indicates that the organic materials contain aliphatic linkages and/or heteroatoms. Statistical analysis of the Raman parameters obtained here indicates that the organic matter originating the Raman response is indistinguishable between the bulk (chemically untreated) and chemically degraded (treated with KOH and HI) samples. Such an observation indicates that the ROM fraction is the major contributor to the Raman response of meteoritic organic matter and thus Raman spectroscopy is unlikely to record any aqueous alteration processes that have affected meteoritic organic matter. Therefore, studies which use Raman to probe the IOM are investigating just one of the components of IOM and not the entire fraction. Studies that aim to investigate the effects of aqueous alteration on meteoritic organic matter should use alternate techniques to Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the indistinguishable nature of the Raman response of ROM from Murchison and Mighei suggests these meteorites inherited a ROM component that is chemically similar, reflecting either a common process for the formation of CM2 meteoritic ROM and/or that these meteorites probed the same ROM reservoir. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=PotiszilChristian en-aut-sei=Potiszil en-aut-mei=Christian kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MontgomeryWren en-aut-sei=Montgomery en-aut-mei=Wren kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SephtonMark A. en-aut-sei=Sephton en-aut-mei=Mark A. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Pheasant Memorial Laboratory, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Imaging and Analysis Centre, The Natural History Museum kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Impacts and Astromaterials Research Centre, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London kn-affil= en-keyword=carbonaceous chondrite kn-keyword=carbonaceous chondrite en-keyword=Raman spectroscopy kn-keyword=Raman spectroscopy en-keyword=refractory organic matter kn-keyword=refractory organic matter en-keyword=heterogeneity kn-keyword=heterogeneity en-keyword=alteration kn-keyword=alteration END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=96 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=102404 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20216 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Regulation of the tubulin polymerization-promoting protein by Ca2+/S100 proteins en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To elucidate S100 protein-mediated signaling pathways, we attempted to identify novel binding partners for S100A2 by screening protein arrays carrying 19,676 recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fused human proteins with biotinylated S100A2. Among newly discovered putative S100A2 interactants, including TMLHE, TRH, RPL36, MRPS34, CDR2L, OIP5, and MED29, we identified and characterized the tubulin polymerization-promoting protein (TPPP) as a novel S100A2-binding protein. We confirmed the interaction of TPPP with Ca2+/S100A2 by multiple independent methods, including the protein array method, S100A2 overlay, and pulldown assay in vitro and in transfected COS-7 cells. Based on the results from the S100A2 overlay assay using various GST-TPPP mutants, the S100A2-binding region was identified in the C-terminal (residues 111-160) of the central core domain of a monomeric form of TPPP that is involved in TPPP dimerization. Chemical cross-linking experiments indicated that S100A2 suppresses dimer formation of His-tagged TPPP in a dosedependent and a Ca2+-dependent manner. In addition to S100A2, TPPP dimerization is disrupted by other multiple S100 proteins, including S100A6 and S100B, in a Ca2+-dependent manner but not by S100A4. This is consistent with the fact that S100A6 and S100B, but not S100A4, are capable of interacting with GST-TPPP in the presence of Ca2+. Considering these results together, TPPP was identified as a novel target for S100A2, and it is a potential binding target for other multiple S100 proteins, including S100A6 and S100B. Direct binding of the S100 proteins with TPPP may cause disassembly of TPPP dimer formation in response to the increasing concentration of intracellular Ca2+, thus resulting in the regulation of the physiological function of TPPP, such as microtubule organization. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=DoiSeita en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Seita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiokaNaoki en-aut-sei=Fujioka en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukaSatomi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuka en-aut-mei=Satomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoRina en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Rina kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoMaho en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Maho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=DendaMiwako en-aut-sei=Denda en-aut-mei=Miwako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MagariMasaki en-aut-sei=Magari en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanayamaNaoki en-aut-sei=Kanayama en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=HatanoNaoya en-aut-sei=Hatano en-aut-mei=Naoya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorishitaRyo en-aut-sei=Morishita en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasegawaTakafumi en-aut-sei=Hasegawa en-aut-mei=Takafumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokumitsuHiroshi en-aut-sei=Tokumitsu en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=510 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210330 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Identification and Biochemical Characterization of High Mobility Group Protein 20A as a Novel Ca2+/S100A6 Target en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=During screening of protein-protein interactions, using human protein arrays carrying 19,676 recombinant glutathione s-transferase (GST)-fused human proteins, we identified the high-mobility protein group 20A (HMG20A) as a novel S100A6 binding partner. We confirmed the Ca2+-dependent interaction of HMG20A with S100A6 by the protein array method, biotinylated S100A6 overlay, and GST-pulldown assay in vitro and in transfected COS-7 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation of S100A6 with HMG20A from HeLa cells in a Ca2+-dependent manner revealed the physiological relevance of the S100A6/HMG20A interaction. In addition, HMG20A has the ability to interact with S100A1, S100A2, and S100B in a Ca2+-dependent manner, but not with S100A4, A11, A12, and calmodulin. S100A6 binding experiments using various HMG20A mutants revealed that Ca2+/S100A6 interacts with the C-terminal region (residues 311-342) of HMG20A with stoichiometric binding (HMG20A:S100A6 dimer = 1:1). This was confirmed by the fact that a GST-HMG20A mutant lacking the S100A6 binding region (residues 311-347, HMG20A-Delta C) failed to interact with endogenous S100A6 in transfected COS-7 cells, unlike wild-type HMG20A. Taken together, these results identify, for the first time, HMG20A as a target of Ca2+/S100 proteins, and may suggest a novel linkage between Ca2+/S100 protein signaling and HMG20A function, including in the regulation of neural differentiation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamamotoMaho en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Maho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoRina en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Rina kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HozumiHaruka en-aut-sei=Hozumi en-aut-mei=Haruka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=DoiSeita en-aut-sei=Doi en-aut-mei=Seita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=DendaMiwako en-aut-sei=Denda en-aut-mei=Miwako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MagariMasaki en-aut-sei=Magari en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanayamaNaoki en-aut-sei=Kanayama en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HatanoNaoya en-aut-sei=Hatano en-aut-mei=Naoya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorishitaRyo en-aut-sei=Morishita en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokumitsuHiroshi en-aut-sei=Tokumitsu en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Cell Free Sciences Co., Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Cell Free Sciences Co., Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=S100 protein kn-keyword=S100 protein en-keyword=HMG20A kn-keyword=HMG20A en-keyword=protein-protein interaction kn-keyword=protein-protein interaction en-keyword=Ca2+-signal transduction kn-keyword=Ca2+-signal transduction en-keyword=genome-wide screening kn-keyword=genome-wide screening END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1442 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210316 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Antibacterial Effect of Amino Acid-Silver Complex Loaded Montmorillonite Incorporated in Dental Acrylic Resin en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Several dental materials contain silver for antibacterial effect, however the effect is relatively low. The reason for the lower antibacterial efficacy of silver is considered to be the fact that silver ions bind to chloride ions in saliva. To develop new effective silver antibacterial agents that can be useful in the mouth, we synthesized two novel amino acid (methionine or histidine)-silver complexes (Met or His-Ag) loaded with montmorillonite (Mont) and analyzed their antibacterial efficacy. At first the complexes were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and amino acid-Ag complex-loaded Mont (amino acid-Ag-Mont) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial efficacy of these materials in dental acrylic resin was then investigated by bacterial growth measurement using a spectrophotometer. As controls, commercially available silver-loaded zeolite and silver-zirconium phosphate were also tested. Dental acrylic resin incorporating His-Ag-Mont strongly inhibited Streptococcus mutans growth. This was explained by the fact that His-Ag complex revealed the highest amounts of silver ions in the presence of chloride. The structure of the amino acid-Ag complexes affected the silver ion presence in chloride and the antibacterial efficacy. His-Ag-Mont might be used as antibacterial agents for dental materials. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshiharaKumiko en-aut-sei=Yoshihara en-aut-mei=Kumiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagaokaNoriyuki en-aut-sei=Nagaoka en-aut-mei=Noriyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UmenoAya en-aut-sei=Umeno en-aut-mei=Aya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SonodaAkinari en-aut-sei=Sonoda en-aut-mei=Akinari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ObikaHideki en-aut-sei=Obika en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshidaYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Yoshida en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=Van MeerbeekBart en-aut-sei=Van Meerbeek en-aut-mei=Bart kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakitaYoji en-aut-sei=Makita en-aut-mei=Yoji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=KU Leuven (University of Leuven) Department of Oral Health Research, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) kn-affil= en-keyword=montmorillonite kn-keyword=montmorillonite en-keyword=amino acid kn-keyword=amino acid en-keyword=antibacterial kn-keyword=antibacterial en-keyword=Streptococcus mutans kn-keyword=Streptococcus mutans en-keyword=nuclear magnetic resonance kn-keyword=nuclear magnetic resonance en-keyword=X-ray diffraction kn-keyword=X-ray diffraction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=307 end-page=317 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210322 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Relationship between Attitude towards Internet Use, Tendency of Internet Addiction and Internet Usage at the Time of First Use in university Students kn-title=大学生におけるインターネット使用態度，インターネット依存傾向とインターネット使用開始時の使用状況との関連 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=The relationship between attitude towards Internet use, tendency of Internet addiction and Internet usage at the time of first use was examined using a questionnaire for university students. Analysis was conducted 60 students who started using the Internet between 5th grade and 9th grade among the students who participated in the survey. As a result of the analysis, the following were mainly clarified. The more desirable the usage at the start of use, the safer it tends to be used even at the time of university students. In addition, the more desirable and managed autonomously the usage at the start of use, the lower risk of Internet addiction at the time of university students. From these facts, it was suggested that it is important to understand the usage not only from the viewpoint of the desirability but also from the viewpoint of autonomousness or heteronomy regarding the problem of children's Internet use. kn-abstract=大学生を対象として，インターネット使用態度，インターネット依存傾向と，インターネ ット使用開始時の使用状況との関連について，質問紙調査を用いて検討した。調査に参加した大学生 95 名のうち，インターネットの使用開始が小学５，６年生から中学３年生までの間であった 60 名を対象に分析を行った。分析の結果，主として以下のことが明らかとな った。使用開始時の使用実態が望ましいものであるほど大学生時点でも安全な使用ができている傾向があり，また，使用開始時の使用実態が望ましくかつ自律的に管理できているほど大学生時点においてインターネット依存に陥るリスクは低い可能性が示唆された。これらのことから，子どものインターネット使用をめぐる問題に関して，使用実態の望ましさだけでなく，自律的か他律的かという観点からも使用状況を捉えることの重要性が示唆された。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MIYAKEMotoko en-aut-sei=MIYAKE en-aut-mei=Motoko kn-aut-name=三宅幹子 kn-aut-sei=三宅 kn-aut-mei=幹子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Education, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院教育学研究科 en-keyword=情報モラル教育 (information moral education) kn-keyword=情報モラル教育 (information moral education) en-keyword=インターネット使用態度 (attitude towards Internet use) kn-keyword=インターネット使用態度 (attitude towards Internet use) en-keyword=インターネット依存 (tendency of Internet addiction) kn-keyword=インターネット依存 (tendency of Internet addiction) en-keyword=自律的使用 (autonomous use) kn-keyword=自律的使用 (autonomous use) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=29 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210222 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Differentiated glioblastoma cells accelerate tumor progression by shaping the tumor microenvironment via CCN1-mediated macrophage infiltration en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor characterized by significant cellular heterogeneity, namely tumor cells, including GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) and differentiated GBM cells (DGCs), and non-tumor cells such as endothelial cells, vascular pericytes, macrophages, and other types of immune cells. GSCs are essential to drive tumor progression, whereas the biological roles of DGCs are largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the roles of DGCs in the tumor microenvironment. To this end, we extracted DGC-specific signature genes from transcriptomic profiles of matched pairs of in vitro GSC and DGC models. By evaluating the DGC signature using single cell data, we confirmed the presence of cell subpopulations emulated by in vitro culture models within a primary tumor. The DGC signature was correlated with the mesenchymal subtype and a poor prognosis in large GBM cohorts such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project. In silico signaling pathway analysis suggested a role of DGCs in macrophage infiltration. Consistent with in silico findings, in vitro DGC models promoted macrophage migration. In vivo, coimplantation of DGCs and GSCs reduced the survival of tumor xenograft-bearing mice and increased macrophage infiltration into tumor tissue compared with transplantation of GSCs alone. DGCs exhibited a significant increase in YAP/TAZ/TEAD activity compared with GSCs. CCN1, a transcriptional target of YAP/TAZ, was selected from the DGC signature as a candidate secreted protein involved in macrophage recruitment. In fact, CCN1 was secreted abundantly from DGCs, but not GSCs. DGCs promoted macrophage migration in vitro and macrophage infiltration into tumor tissue in vivo through secretion of CCN1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that DGCs contribute to GSC-dependent tumor progression by shaping a mesenchymal microenvironment via CCN1-mediated macrophage infiltration. This study provides new insight into the complex GBM microenvironment consisting of heterogeneous cells. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UnedaAtsuhito en-aut-sei=Uneda en-aut-mei=Atsuhito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurozumiKazuhiko en-aut-sei=Kurozumi en-aut-mei=Kazuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujimuraAtsushi en-aut-sei=Fujimura en-aut-mei=Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiKentaro en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Kentaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshidaJoji en-aut-sei=Ishida en-aut-mei=Joji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimazuYosuke en-aut-sei=Shimazu en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtaniYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Otani en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TomitaYusuke en-aut-sei=Tomita en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=HattoriYasuhiko en-aut-sei=Hattori en-aut-mei=Yasuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoYuji en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsuboiNobushige en-aut-sei=Tsuboi en-aut-mei=Nobushige kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakinoKeigo en-aut-sei=Makino en-aut-mei=Keigo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoShuichiro en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Shuichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamiyaAtsunori en-aut-sei=Kamiya en-aut-mei=Atsunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=DateIsao en-aut-sei=Date en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Differentiated glioblastoma cell kn-keyword=Differentiated glioblastoma cell en-keyword=Glioblastoma stem cell kn-keyword=Glioblastoma stem cell en-keyword=CCN1 kn-keyword=CCN1 en-keyword=YAP/TAZ kn-keyword=YAP/TAZ en-keyword=TEAD kn-keyword=TEAD en-keyword=Mesenchymal subtype kn-keyword=Mesenchymal subtype en-keyword=Macrophage kn-keyword=Macrophage en-keyword=Microenvironment kn-keyword=Microenvironment en-keyword=Glioma kn-keyword=Glioma en-keyword=Glioblastoma kn-keyword=Glioblastoma END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=22 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=1053 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210121 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer: A Unique and Curious Disease Entity en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) was first described as a lymphoproliferative disorder in 2010. EBVMCU is a unifocal mucosal or cutaneous ulcer that often occurs after local trauma in patients with immunosuppression; the patients generally have a good prognosis. It is histologically characterized by proliferating EBV-positive atypical B cells accompanied by ulcers. On the basis of conventional pathologic criteria, EBVMCU may be misdiagnosed as EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or other lymphomas. However, its prognosis differs from that of EBV-associated lymphomas, in that patients with EBVMCU frequently show spontaneous regression or complete remission without chemotherapy. Therefore, EBVMCU is now recognized as a low-grade malignancy or a pseudo-malignant lesion. Avoiding unnecessary chemotherapy by distinguishing EBVMCU from other EBV-associated lymphomas will reduce the burden and unnecessary harm on patients. On the basis of these facts, EBVMCU was first described as a new clinicopathological entity by the World Health Organization in 2017. In this review, we discuss the clinicopathological characteristics of previously reported EBVMCU cases, while focusing on up-to-date clinical, pathological, and genetic aspects. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IkedaTomoka en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Tomoka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=GionYuka en-aut-sei=Gion en-aut-mei=Yuka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraYoshito en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraMidori Filiz en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Midori Filiz kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshinoTadashi en-aut-sei=Yoshino en-aut-mei=Tadashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoYasuharu en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yasuharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Pathophysiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer kn-keyword=EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer en-keyword=clinical features kn-keyword=clinical features en-keyword=pathological features kn-keyword=pathological features en-keyword=immunosuppression kn-keyword=immunosuppression END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=280 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=3166 end-page=3177 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=20050204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Regulation of Chicken ccn2 Gene by Interaction between RNA cis-Element and Putative trans-Factor during Differentiation of Chondrocytes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=CCN2/CTGF is a multifunctional growth factor. Our previous studies have revealed that CCN2 plays important roles in both growth and differentiation of chondrocytes and that the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of ccn2 mRNA contains a cis-repressive element of gene expression. In the present study, we found that the stability of chicken ccn2 mRNA is regulated in a differentiation stage-dependent manner in chondrocytes. We also found that stimulation by bone morphogenetic protein 2, platelet-derived growth factor, and CCN2 stabilized ccn2 mRNA in proliferating chondrocytes but that it destabilized the mRNA in prehypertrophic-hypertrophic chondrocytes. The results of a reporter gene assay revealed that the minimal repressive cis-element of the 3′-UTR of chicken ccn2 mRNA was located within the area between 100 and 150 bases from the polyadenylation tail. Moreover, the stability of ccn2 mRNA was correlated with the interaction between this cis-element and a putative 40-kDa trans-factor in nuclei and cytoplasm. In fact, the binding between them was prominent in proliferating chondrocytes and attenuated in (pre)hypertrophic chondrocytes. Stimulation by the growth factors repressed the binding in proliferating chondrocytes; however, it enhanced it in (pre)hypertrophic chondrocytes. Therefore, gene expression of ccn2 mRNA during endochondral ossification is properly regulated, at least in part, by changing the stability of the mRNA, which arises from the interaction between the RNA cis-element and putative trans-factor. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MukudaiYoshiki en-aut-sei=Mukudai en-aut-mei=Yoshiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Biodental Research Center, Okayama University Dental School kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=838 end-page=846 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210104 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Adsorption enhancement of nitrogen gas by atomically heterogeneous nanospace of boron nitride en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this study, porous boron nitride (p-BN) with hexagonal phase boron nitride (h-BN) pore walls was synthesized using high-temperature calcination. Negligible variation in pore-wall structure can be observed in powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles and infrared (IR) spectra. However, a highly stable p-BN with a stable pore structure even at 973 K under the oxidative conditions is obtained when synthesized at higher than 1573 K under nitrogen gas flow. For p-BN, this stability is obtained by generating h-BN microcrystals. Nitrogen adsorption?desorption isotherms at 77 K provide type-IV features and typical adsorption?desorption hysteresis, which suggests micropore and mesopore formation. Moreover, adsorption?desorption isotherms of Ar at 87 K are measured and compared with those of nitrogen. The relative adsorbed amount of nitrogen (i.e., the amount of nitrogen normalized by that of Ar at each relative pressure or adsorption potential value) on p-BN is considerably larger than that on microporous carbon at low-pressure regions, which suggests the existence of strong adsorption sites on the p-BN surface. In fact, the relative number of adsorbed nitrogen molecules to that of Ar on p-BN is, at most, 150%?200% larger than that on microporous carbon for the same adsorption potential state. Furthermore, additional adsorption enhancement to nitrogen between P/P0 = 10?5 and 10?3 can be observed for p-BN treated at 1673 K, which suggests the uniformly adsorbed layer formation of nitrogen molecules in the vicinity of a basal planar surface. Thus, unlike typical nanoporous sp2 carbons, p-BN materials have the potential to enhance adsorption for certain gas species because of their unique surface state. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KimuraJun en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhkuboTakahiro en-aut-sei=Ohkubo en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= NishinaYuta en-aut-sei= Nishina en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UritaKoki en-aut-sei=Urita en-aut-mei=Koki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaYasushige en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Yasushige kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=250 end-page=266 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210107 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Long-Term Improvement in Precautions for Flood Risk Mitigation: A Case Study in the Low-Lying Area of Central Vietnam en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Local actors appear as inseparable components of the integrated flood risk mitigation strategy in Vietnam. Recognizing this fact, this study examined the long-term improvement in precautions taken by commune authorities and households between two major floods in 1999 and 2017 by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods. Two flood-prone villages were selected for a survey; one in a rural area and the other in a suburban area of Thua Thien Hue Province, central Vietnam. The findings indicate that most villagers doubted the structural works' efficacy and were dissatisfied with the current efforts of local authorities. Households' self-preparation thus became the decisive factor in mitigating risk. While most households have paid greater attention to flood precautions in 2017, others seem to be lagging. Poverty-related barriers were the root causes restraining households in both rural and suburban villages. The suburban riverine residents were further identified as vulnerable by their limitations in upgrading structural measures, which was ascribed to the inconsistency in the ancient town's preservation policy. This multidimensional comparison, in terms of vulnerability, emphasized the importance of space-function links in the suburb and the contradictions of different policy initiatives, such as landscape rehabilitation, disaster prevention, and livelihood maintenance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NguyenCong Dinh en-aut-sei=Nguyen en-aut-mei=Cong Dinh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UbukataFumikazu en-aut-sei=Ubukata en-aut-mei=Fumikazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NguyenQuang Tan en-aut-sei=Nguyen en-aut-mei=Quang Tan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=VoHoang Ha en-aut-sei=Vo en-aut-mei=Hoang Ha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=International School, Hue University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Economics and Development Studies, University of Economics, Hue University kn-affil= en-keyword=Central Vietnam kn-keyword=Central Vietnam en-keyword=Flood risk mitigation kn-keyword=Flood risk mitigation en-keyword=Long-term improvement kn-keyword=Long-term improvement en-keyword=Natural hazards kn-keyword=Natural hazards en-keyword=Precautionary measures kn-keyword=Precautionary measures END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=397 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210104 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Multi-Period Maximal Covering Location Problem with Capacitated Facilities and Modules for Natural Disaster Relief Services en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The paper aims to study a multi-period maximal covering location problem with the configuration of different types of facilities, as an extension of the classical maximal covering location problem (MCLP). The proposed model can have applications such as locating disaster relief facilities, hospitals, and chain supermarkets. The facilities are supposed to be comprised of various units, called the modules. The modules have different sizes and can transfer between facilities during the planning horizon according to demand variation. Both the facilities and modules are capacitated as a real-life fact. To solve the problem, two upper bounds-(LR1) and (LR2)-and Lagrangian decomposition (LD) are developed. Two lower bounds are computed from feasible solutions obtained from (LR1), (LR2), and (LD) and a novel heuristic algorithm. The results demonstrate that the LD method combined with the lower bound obtained from the developed heuristic method (LD-HLB) shows better performance and is preferred to solve both small- and large-scale problems in terms of bound tightness and efficiency especially for solving large-scale problems. The upper bounds and lower bounds generated by the solution procedures can be used as the profit approximation by the managerial executives in their decision-making process. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AlizadehRoghayyeh en-aut-sei=Alizadeh en-aut-mei=Roghayyeh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiTatsushi en-aut-sei=Nishi en-aut-mei=Tatsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=BagherinejadJafar en-aut-sei=Bagherinejad en-aut-mei=Jafar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BashiriMahdi en-aut-sei=Bashiri en-aut-mei=Mahdi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Mathematical Science for Social Systems, Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Department of Industrial Innovation Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alzahra University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=School of Strategy and Leadership, Faculty of Business and Law, Coventry University kn-affil= en-keyword=maximal covering location problem kn-keyword=maximal covering location problem en-keyword=capacitated facility kn-keyword=capacitated facility en-keyword=modularity kn-keyword=modularity en-keyword=multi-period kn-keyword=multi-period en-keyword=Lagrangian decomposition heuristic kn-keyword=Lagrangian decomposition heuristic END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=13 cd-vols= no-issue=22 article-no= start-page=5099 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Micro-Architectural Investigation of Teleost Fish Rib Inducing Pliant Mechanical Property en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Despite the fact that various reports have been discussing bone tissue regeneration, precise bone tissue manipulation, such as controlling the physical properties of the regenerated bone tissue, still remains a big challenge. Here, we focused on the teleost fish ribs showing flexible and tough mechanical properties to obtain a deeper insight into the structural and functional features of bone tissue from different species, which would be valuable for the superior design of bone-mimicking materials. Herein, we examined their compositions, microstructure, histology, and mechanical properties. The first rib of Carassius langsdorfii showed a higher Young's modulus with a small region of chondrocyte clusters compared with other smaller ribs. In addition, highly oriented collagen fibers and osteocytes were observed in the first rib, indicating that the longest first rib would be more mature. Moreover, the layer-by-layer structure of the oriented bone collagen was observed in each rib. These microarchitectural and compositional findings of fish rib bone would give one the useful idea to reproduce such a highly flexible rib bone-like material. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=JiaoYu Yang en-aut-sei=Jiao en-aut-mei=Yu Yang kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HaraEmilio Satoshi en-aut-sei=Hara en-aut-mei=Emilio Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=XieShi Chao en-aut-sei=Xie en-aut-mei=Shi Chao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagaokaNoriyuki en-aut-sei=Nagaoka en-aut-mei=Noriyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanoTakayoshi en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Takayoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumotoTakuya en-aut-sei=Matsumoto en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=bone-like material kn-keyword=bone-like material en-keyword=mechanical property kn-keyword=mechanical property en-keyword=orientation kn-keyword=orientation en-keyword=layered structure kn-keyword=layered structure END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=63 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=87 end-page=105 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202101 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A weak Euler formula for l-adic Galois double zeta values en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The fact that the double zeta values ζ(n, m) can be written in terms of zeta values, whenever n+m is odd is attributed to Euler. We shall show the weak version of this result for the l-adic Galois realization. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Zdzis?awWojtkowiak en-aut-sei=Zdzis?aw en-aut-mei=Wojtkowiak kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Universit? de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, D?artement de Math ?matiques Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonn? kn-affil= en-keyword=multiple zeta values kn-keyword=multiple zeta values en-keyword=Galois groups kn-keyword=Galois groups en-keyword=fundamental groups kn-keyword=fundamental groups END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=E103.D cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1865 end-page=1874 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200801 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An Algorithm for Automatic Collation of Vocabulary Decks Based on Word Frequency en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study focuses on computer based foreign language vocabulary learning systems. Our objective is to automatically build vocabulary decks with desired levels of relative difficulty relations. To realize this goal, we exploit the fact that word frequency is a good indicator of vocabulary difficulty. Subsequently, for composing the decks, we pose two requirements as uniformity and diversity. Namely, the difficulty level of the cards in the same deck needs to be uniform enough so that they can be grouped together and difficulty levels of the cards in different decks need to be diverse enough so that they can be grouped in different decks. To assess uniformity and diversity, we use rank-biserial correlation and propose an iterative algorithm, which helps in attaining desired levels of uniformity and diversity based on word frequency in daily use of language. In experiments, we employed a spaced repetition flashcard software and presented users various decks built with the proposed algorithm, which contain cards from different content types. From users' activity logs, we derived several behavioral variables and examined the polyserial correlation between these variables and difficulty levels across different word classes. This analysis confirmed that the decks compiled with the proposed algorithm induce an effect on behavioral variables in line with the expectations. In addition, a series of experiments with decks involving varying content types confirmed that this relation is independent of word class. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Y?celZeynep en-aut-sei=Y?cel en-aut-mei=Zeynep kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SupitayakulParisa en-aut-sei=Supitayakul en-aut-mei=Parisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MondenAkito en-aut-sei=Monden en-aut-mei=Akito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=LeelaprutePattara en-aut-sei=Leelaprute en-aut-mei=Pattara kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University kn-affil= en-keyword=e-learning kn-keyword=e-learning en-keyword=vocabulary learning kn-keyword=vocabulary learning en-keyword=log file analysis kn-keyword=log file analysis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=36 cd-vols= no-issue=16 article-no= start-page=1527 end-page=1539 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200526 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Estimating Level of Engagement from Ocular Landmarks en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=E-learning offers many advantages like being economical, flexible and customizable, but also has challenging aspects such as lack of ? social-interaction, which results in contemplation and sense of remoteness. To overcome these and sustain learners’ motivation, various stimuli can be incorporated. Nevertheless, such adjustments initially require an assessment of engagement level. In this respect, we propose estimating engagement level from facial landmarks exploiting the facts that (i) perceptual decoupling is promoted by blinking during mentally demanding tasks; (ii) eye strain increases blinking rate, which also scales with task disengagement; (iii) eye aspect ratio is in close connection with attentional state and (iv) users’ head position is correlated with their level of involvement. Building empirical models of these actions, we devise a probabilistic estimation framework. Our results indicate that high and low levels of engagement are identified with considerable accuracy, whereas medium levels are inherently more challenging, which is also confirmed by inter-rater agreement of expert coders. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YucelZeynep en-aut-sei=Yucel en-aut-mei=Zeynep kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoyamaSerina en-aut-sei=Koyama en-aut-mei=Serina kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MondenAkito en-aut-sei=Monden en-aut-mei=Akito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SasakuraMariko en-aut-sei=Sasakura en-aut-mei=Mariko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Computer Science, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Computer Science, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Computer Science, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Computer Science, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=461 end-page=473 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200625 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Additional kernel observer: privilege escalation attack prevention mechanism focusing on system call privilege changes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Cyberattacks, especially attacks that exploit operating system vulnerabilities, have been increasing in recent years. In particular, if administrator privileges are acquired by an attacker through a privilege escalation attack, the attacker can operate the entire system and cause serious damage. In this paper, we propose an additional kernel observer (AKO) that prevents privilege escalation attacks that exploit operating system vulnerabilities. We focus on the fact that a process privilege can be changed only by specific system calls. AKO monitors privilege information changes during system call processing. If AKO detects a privilege change after system call processing, whereby the invoked system call does not originally change the process privilege, AKO regards the change as a privilege escalation attack and applies countermeasures against it. AKO can therefore prevent privilege escalation attacks. Introducing the proposed method in advance can prevent this type of attack by changing any process privilege that was not originally changed in a system call, regardless of the vulnerability type. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of AKO for Linux x86 64-bit. Moreover, we show that AKO can be expanded to prevent the falsification of various data in the kernel space. Then, we present an expansion example that prevents the invalidation of Security-Enhanced Linux. Finally, our evaluation results show that AKO is effective against privilege escalation attacks, while maintaining low overhead. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamauchiToshihiro en-aut-sei=Yamauchi en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkaoYohei en-aut-sei=Akao en-aut-mei=Yohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshitaniRyota en-aut-sei=Yoshitani en-aut-mei=Ryota kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraYuichi en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Yuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HashimotoMasaki en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University. NTT Communications Corporation kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=raduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Hitachi Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Information Security, Institute of Information Security kn-affil= en-keyword=Privilege escalation attack prevention kn-keyword=Privilege escalation attack prevention en-keyword=Operating system kn-keyword=Operating system en-keyword=Linux kernel vulnerabilities kn-keyword=Linux kernel vulnerabilities en-keyword=Non-control-data attack kn-keyword=Non-control-data attack en-keyword=System security kn-keyword=System security END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=63 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191218 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Breathing chromium spinels: a showcase for a variety of pyrochlore Heisenberg Hamiltonians en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We address the long-standing problem of the microscopic origin of the richly diverse phenomena in the chromium breathing pyrochlore material family. Combining electronic structure and renormalization group techniques we resolve the magnetic interactions and analyze their reciprocal-space susceptibility. We show that the physics of these materials is principally governed by long-range Heisenberg Hamiltonian interactions, a hitherto unappreciated fact. Our calculations uncover that in these isostructural compounds, the choice of chalcogen triggers a proximity of the materials to classical spin liquids featuring degenerate manifolds of wave-vectors of different dimensions: A Coulomb phase with three-dimensional degeneracy for LiInCr4O8 and LiGaCr4O8, a spiral spin liquid with two-dimensional degeneracy for CuInCr4Se8 and one-dimensional line degeneracies characteristic of the face-centered cubic antiferromagnet for LiInCr4S8, LiGaCr4S8, and CuInCr4S8. The surprisingly complex array of prototypical pyrochlore behaviors we discovered in chromium spinels may inspire studies of transition paths between different semi-classical spin liquids by doping or pressure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GhoshPratyay en-aut-sei=Ghosh en-aut-mei=Pratyay kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IqbalYasir en-aut-sei=Iqbal en-aut-mei=Yasir kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=M?llerTobias en-aut-sei=M?ller en-aut-mei=Tobias kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=PonnagantiRavi T. en-aut-sei=Ponnaganti en-aut-mei=Ravi T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ThomaleRonny en-aut-sei=Thomale en-aut-mei=Ronny kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NarayananRajesh en-aut-sei=Narayanan en-aut-mei=Rajesh kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ReutherJohannes en-aut-sei=Reuther en-aut-mei=Johannes kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=GingrasMichel J. P. en-aut-sei=Gingras en-aut-mei=Michel J. P. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=JeschkeHarald O. en-aut-sei=Jeschke en-aut-mei=Harald O. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Julius-Maximilians-Universit?t W?rzburg kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Julius-Maximilians-Universit?t W?rzburg kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universit?t Berlin kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=62 cd-vols= no-issue=19 article-no= start-page=8809 end-page=8818 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190904 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Competitive Binding Assay with an Umbelliferone-Based Fluorescent Rexinoid for Retinoid X Receptor Ligand Screening en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Ligands for retinoid X receptors (RXRs), "rexinoids", are attracting interest as candidates for therapy of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, current screening methods for rexinoids are slow and require special apparatus or facilities. Here, we created 7-hydroxy-2-oxo-6-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid (10, CU-6PMN) as a new fluorescent RXR agonist and developed a screening system of rexinoids using 10. Compound 10 was designed based on the fact that umbelliferone emits strong fluorescence in a hydrophilic environment, but the fluorescence intensity decreases in hydrophobic environments such as the interior of proteins. The developed assay using 10 enabled screening of rexinoids to be performed easily within a few hours by monitoring changes of fluorescence intensity with widely available fluorescence microplate readers, without the need for processes such as filtration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamadaShoya en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Shoya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawasakiMayu en-aut-sei=Kawasaki en-aut-mei=Mayu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiharaMichiko en-aut-sei=Fujihara en-aut-mei=Michiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeMasaki en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Masaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakamuraYuta en-aut-sei=Takamura en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakiokuMaho en-aut-sei=Takioku en-aut-mei=Maho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiokaHiromi en-aut-sei=Nishioka en-aut-mei=Hiromi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeuchiYasuo en-aut-sei=Takeuchi en-aut-mei=Yasuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakishimaMakoto en-aut-sei=Makishima en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MotoyamaTomoharu en-aut-sei=Motoyama en-aut-mei=Tomoharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoSohei en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Sohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokiwaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Tokiwa en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanoShogo en-aut-sei=Nakano en-aut-mei=Shogo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=KakutaHiroki en-aut-sei=Kakuta en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Chemistry and Research Center of Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=273 end-page=277 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=201906 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Case of Nager Syndrome Diagnosed Before Birth en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Nager syndrome is a rare disease involving severe micrognathia and upper limb shortening. In this report, we describe a case in which micrognathia of the fetus was suspected based on the observation of upper limb shortening during detailed B mode and 3D/4D ultrasonographic observation, and combined fetal MRI and 3D-CT led to a prenatal diagnosis of Nager syndrome. Upon birth, because severe micrognathia caused airway obstruction and made it difficult to spread the larynx for intubation, effective ventilation could not be carried out and a tracheostomy was necessary. Since a differential diagnosis of Nager syndrome can be made based on the fact that micrognathia typically co-occurs with upper limb shortening, it is possible to diagnose the disease before birth and prepare for life-saving measures accordingly. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HayataKei en-aut-sei=Hayata en-aut-mei=Kei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Masuyama Hisashi en-aut-sei=Masuyama en-aut-mei= Hisashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Eto Eriko en-aut-sei=Eto en-aut-mei= Eriko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitsuiTakashi en-aut-sei=Mitsui en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TamadaShoko en-aut-sei=Tamada en-aut-mei=Shoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=EguchiTakeshi en-aut-sei=Eguchi en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MakiJota en-aut-sei=Maki en-aut-mei=Jota kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniKazumasa en-aut-sei=Tani en-aut-mei=Kazumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhiraAkiko en-aut-sei=Ohira en-aut-mei=Akiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=WashioYosuke en-aut-sei=Washio en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshimotoJunko en-aut-sei=Yoshimoto en-aut-mei=Junko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasegawaKosei en-aut-sei=Hasegawa en-aut-mei=Kosei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Nager syndrome kn-keyword=Nager syndrome en-keyword=acrofacial dysostosis kn-keyword=acrofacial dysostosis en-keyword=micrognathia kn-keyword=micrognathia en-keyword= jaw index kn-keyword= jaw index en-keyword=SF3B4 kn-keyword=SF3B4 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=73 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=95 end-page=100 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=201904 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of Self-perceived Fatigue on Balance and Functional Mobility in Middle-Aged Obese Women en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The aim of this study was to examine effect of fatigue levels on functional mobility and balance in middle-aged obese females. The study included 98 healthy females aged 40-60 years with BMI ? 30 kg/m2. Self-perceived fatigue was evaluated with a self-administered questionnaire, the Checklist of Individual Strength in Turkish (CIS-T), on which 62.3% of the study subjects identified themselves as fatigued. The body weight and BMI values of fatigued subjects were found to be higher than those of the non-fatigue group (p<0.05). The reported exercise habits of the fatigue group were found to be significantly lower than their non-fatigued peers (p<0.05). The level of functional mobility (Timed Up and Go Test), static balance (One-Legged Stance Test with Eyes Open) and dynamic balance (Functional Reach Test and the 3-meter Timed Tandem Walk Test) were measured, and statistically significant differences were found between fatigue and non-fatigue groups on all of them (p<0.05). In addition, correlations were found between the sub-parameters of the CIS-T scale and the functional tests at en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ErcanSabriye en-aut-sei=Ercan en-aut-mei=Sabriye kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Ba?kurt Ferdi en-aut-sei=Ba?kurt en-aut-mei= Ferdi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Ba?kurtZeliha en-aut-sei=Ba?kurt en-aut-mei=Zeliha kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=?etinCem en-aut-sei=?etin en-aut-mei=Cem kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Sports Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Medicine Faculty, Sports Medicine Department kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Suleyman Demirel University, Health Sciences Faculty kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Suleyman Demirel University, Health Sciences Faculty kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Sports Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Medicine Faculty kn-affil= en-keyword=fatigue kn-keyword=fatigue en-keyword=obesity kn-keyword=obesity en-keyword=mobility kn-keyword=mobility en-keyword=balance kn-keyword=balance en-keyword=woman kn-keyword=woman END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=15 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2018 dt-pub=20180226 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Support for Big Government : Evolution of Adam Smith’s View on Taxation from Lectures on Jurisprudence to The Wealth of Nations kn-title=アダム・スミスの大きな政府論の形成過程に関する一考察 : 『法学講義』から『国富論』への租税論の発展 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Adam Smith is well known as an archetypal, leading economist and advocate of laissez-faire capitalism. In fact, Smith analyses the autonomous mechanism of a market economy, criticises mercantile protection, and strongly advocates a free trade policy. However, a considerable number of Smith’s interpreters such as J.Viner have recognised that Smith himself offers many exceptions to laissez-faire. Interestingly, most of the exceptions are not presented in Lectures on Jurisprudence（ LJ）; they appear for the first time in The Wealth of Nations（ WN）. Rather than inconsistencies in the passing, these references seem to reflect a conscious shift in Smith’s policy principle from laissez-faire with a small government to state intervention under a big government. In WN, Smith maintains support for the laissez-faire approach only in the area of foreign trade, and prescribes state intervention in other areas such as banking, financial markets, public works and institutions, and taxation. This article focuses particularly on the evolution of Smith’s view on taxation from LJ to WN. Smith insists in LJ that taxation should be minimised so as not to interfere with the behaviour of various economic agents and the autonomous mechanism of a market economy. However, Smith renounces his fundamental idea of taxation in WN, which indicates support for the imposition of heavier taxes on the rich and reduced taxes on the poor. He proposes an increase in land tax and rejects taxes on profit and wages. He favours various types of progressive taxes and criticises regressive ones, concerning land, houses, and toll, among others. Notably, Smith strongly supports various kinds of “taxes upon the capital value of lands, houses and stock” such as succession tax, land tax, house-rent tax and“ stampduties and duties of registration” indirectly taxed on interest. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=23 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=9 end-page=15 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20161227 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Prelithification shear structures of m?lange unit in Shiofuki-iwa area, the upper Cretaceous Shimanto Belt, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Analyzing of sedimentary facies and structure together with regional field mapping were studied in the m?lange unit, upper Cretaceous Shimanto Belt, Wakayama Pref., SW Japan. The field survey was concentrated in the coast of Shiofuki-iwa, Miyama Complex, Hidakagawa Belt where soft deformations penetrate throughout the m?lange unit. Brittle to ductile faults associated as later deformations are excluded. The m?lange unit is subdivided into the Y-shear zone (YSZ) and P-foliation zone (PFZ). The YSZ is composed of thick lenticular sandstone (trends subparallel to the direction of the m?lange), intense shear band (thin layer with concentrated prelithification shear deformation) and mudstone dominant m?lange. The PFZ is composed of mudstone dominant m?lange (associated with foliations which slightly oblique to the direction of the YSZ) and lenticular sandstone (slightly oblique to the direction of the YSZ). The intense shear band separates the YSZ and PFZ. Preserved radiolarian fossils free from deformation in the intense shear band is the evidence of the prelithification shear deformation in the m?lange. A remarkable-fact is that the structures of m?lange unit are formed under sinistral sense of shear. The m?lange unit in the Shiofuki-iwa is ascribed to be formed by sinistral sense of shear during sediments were prelithified. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakesueNorito en-aut-sei=Takesue en-aut-mei=Norito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiShigeyuki en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Shigeyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=m?lange kn-keyword=m?lange en-keyword=Shimanto Belt kn-keyword=Shimanto Belt en-keyword=Y-shear zone kn-keyword=Y-shear zone en-keyword=P-foliation zone kn-keyword=P-foliation zone en-keyword=intense shear band kn-keyword=intense shear band en-keyword=prelithification structures kn-keyword=prelithification structures END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=35 end-page=57 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=20170306 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Making Eco-livable City in Portland, Oregon : Urban Planning and Participatory Democracy― kn-title=オレゴン州ポートランドにおけるエコリバブルシティの形成 : 都市計画と参加民主主義の視点から en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= This article defines a low-carbon, livable city as an eco-livable city. One such city, the city of Portland, Oregon, has become well-known for its policies which promote a movement away from an automobile society and toward a more walkable, bicycle-friendly city. This article examines how Portland developed into a sustainable city through urban planning and participatory democracy. 　The article will analyze first the historical development of PortlandVs urban planning; secondly, its downtown plan and Metro urban growth boundary; and thirdly, the process by which Vison PDX, the Portland Plan and the city's comprehensive plan were initiated by three of its mayors since the start of the 21st century. 　Most important to note is the fact that PortlandVs citizens and its government are not competing, but collaborating through a process of co-production to create new public services and activity. That and the fact that many people are involved in the urban planning process, which itself is an ongoing discussion. kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IwabuchiYasushi en-aut-sei=Iwabuchi en-aut-mei=Yasushi kn-aut-name=岩淵泰 kn-aut-sei=岩淵 kn-aut-mei=泰 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=EthanSeltzer en-aut-sei=Ethan en-aut-mei=Seltzer kn-aut-name=イーサンセルツァ kn-aut-sei=イーサン kn-aut-mei=セルツァ aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UjiharaTakehito en-aut-sei=Ujihara en-aut-mei=Takehito kn-aut-name=氏原岳人 kn-aut-sei=氏原 kn-aut-mei=岳人 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Academic and General Okayama University Regional Research Association kn-affil=岡山大学地域総合研究センター affil-num=2 en-affil=Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University kn-affil=ポートランド州立大学都市計画研究科 affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=18 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=14 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2017 dt-pub=201703 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Study on “the Relationship between the Evidence and the Facts to be Proved” kn-title=立証趣旨とその拘束力についての一考察 : 平成17年決定および平成27年決定を手がかりとして en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KouraMiho en-aut-sei=Koura en-aut-mei=Miho kn-aut-name=小浦美保 kn-aut-sei=小浦 kn-aut-mei=美保 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院法務研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=459 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=76 end-page=108 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160801 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Equivariant class group. I. Finite generation of the Picard and the class groups of an invariant subring en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this paper is to define equivariant class group of a locally Krull scheme (that is, a scheme which is locally a prime spectrum of a Krull domain) with an action of a flat group scheme, study its basic properties, and apply it to prove the finite generation of the class group of an invariant subring. In particular, we prove the following. Let k be a field, G a smooth k-group scheme of finite type, and X a quasi-compact quasi-separated locally Krull G-scheme. Assume that there is a k-scheme Z of finite type and a dominant k -morphism Z→XZ→X. Let φ:X→Yφ:X→Y be a G -invariant morphism such that OY→(φ?OX)GOY→(φ?OX)G is an isomorphism. Then Y is locally Krull. If, moreover, Cl(X)Cl(X) is finitely generated, then Cl(G,X)Cl(G,X) and Cl(Y)Cl(Y) are also finitely generated, where Cl(G,X)Cl(G,X) is the equivariant class group. In fact, Cl(Y)Cl(Y) is a subquotient of Cl(G,X)Cl(G,X). For actions of connected group schemes on affine schemes, there are similar results of Magid and Waterhouse, but our result also holds for disconnected G. The proof depends on a similar result on (equivariant) Picard groups. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HashimotoMitsuyasu en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Mitsuyasu kn-aut-name=橋本光靖 kn-aut-sei=橋本 kn-aut-mei=光靖 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科 en-keyword=Invariant theory kn-keyword=Invariant theory en-keyword=Class group kn-keyword=Class group en-keyword=Picard group kn-keyword=Picard group en-keyword=Krull ring kn-keyword=Krull ring END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=23 end-page=34 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20150201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Why do rabbits ingest their feces ? kn-title=ウサギはなぜ糞を食べる？ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=　The utilization of dietary energy and protein must depend on microbial activity in the gut in every herbivore. For animals adopting the cecum as a microbial habitat, from the viewpoint of the protein utilization, the position of the cecum in the digestive tract is less advantageous than that of foregut fermenters. As a solution to this problem, cecum fermenters perform cecotrophy in order to utilize microbial protein proliferating in the cecum. Cecotrophy is supported by the mechanism that separates microbes from digesta in the colon, sends them back into the cecum and promotes microbial proliferation in the cecum. The colonic separation mechanism can be classified into two types. One is the mucus-trap type separation of bacteria with mucus from digesta in the proximal colon of rodents. The other is the wash-back type separation of particle phase of the colonic contents and liquid phase containing microbes in the colon of rabbits. For microbes guaranteed to inhabit the cecum under colonic separation mechanism, it is necessary for them to obtain sufficient nutrients for survival and proliferation. The source of nitrogen is easily obtained as urea transfered from the blood flow. On the other hand, the energy source is considered to be the limiting factor for bacterial proliferation due to the limited amount of easily usable energy source. In fact, cecal microbial proliferation of rabbits and guinea pigs increases when adding indigestible but fermentable sugars to the feed. As a result, the amount of cecotrophy increases, and the percentage of nitrogen accumulation in the body tends to increase. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakaguchiEi en-aut-sei=Sakaguchi en-aut-mei=Ei kn-aut-name=坂口英 kn-aut-sei=坂口 kn-aut-mei=英 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学農学部 en-keyword=Small herbivore kn-keyword=Small herbivore en-keyword=Cecum kn-keyword=Cecum en-keyword=Nitrogen metabolism kn-keyword=Nitrogen metabolism en-keyword=Cecotrophy kn-keyword=Cecotrophy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=33 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=89 end-page=95 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=20110812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Increases Urate Level and Decreases Glutathione Level in Larval Drosophila melanogaster en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, we reported experimental evidence to support the notion that in Drosophila melanogaster, urate is involved in defense against toxic effects of environmental cigarette smoke (ECS). To obtain further information pertaining to the defense mechanisms involving urate and other antioxidants, the present study measured the levels of urate, its precursors and glutathione, and SOD activity in larval flies of wild-type strains (Oregon-R and Canton-S) and two urate-null mutant strains (ma-l and ry1) following exposure to ECS for various durations. In both wild type strains, unlike the case in either of the mutant strains, the urate level significantly increased above the basal level in a manner dependent on the duration of ECS exposure. Similar increases in the level of urate precursors were found in Canton-S and in both of the urate-null strains. There was a slight increase in glutathione level above the control level following ECS exposure for a short time, followed by an exposure-dependent decrease to less than 60% of the control level within the exposure range used in all of the four strains. On the other hand, no appreciable change was found in the SOD activity prior to or following ECS exposure, irrespective of the strain examined. In terms of the survival of treated larvae to adulthood under the conditions used for the measurements of urate and others, it was found that wild-type strain Canton-S was as sensitive as the urate-null mutant strains and clearly more sensitive than wild-type strains Oregon-R and Hikone-R. This was so despite the fact that, compared with Oregon-R, Canton-S contained urate at relatively higher levels prior to and following ECS exposure, and that the glutathione levels in Canton-S prior to and following treatment were comparable with those in other strains. These results are discussed with respect to the involvement of urate and glutathione in defense against the toxicity of ECS and the possible existence of another defense mechanism which is deficient in the Canton-S strain. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiwaraMasaru en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Masaru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamatakeYuko en-aut-sei=Hamatake en-aut-mei=Yuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArimotoSakae en-aut-sei=Arimoto en-aut-mei=Sakae kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzukiToshinori en-aut-sei=Suzuki en-aut-mei=Toshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NegishiTomoe en-aut-sei=Negishi en-aut-mei=Tomoe kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University en-keyword=environmental cigarette smoke kn-keyword=environmental cigarette smoke en-keyword=uric acid kn-keyword=uric acid en-keyword=glutathione kn-keyword=glutathione en-keyword=oxidative stress kn-keyword=oxidative stress en-keyword=survival kn-keyword=survival en-keyword=Drosophila kn-keyword=Drosophila END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=305 end-page=309 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Double Congenital Fistulae with Aneurysm Diagnosed by Combining Imaging Modalities en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Congenital coronary pulmonary artery fistula (CAF) is rare, and systemic-to-pulmonary artery fistula (SPAF) is even more so. Furthermore, congenital coronary pulmonary fistula associated with congenital SPAF is extremely rare. As far as we know, CAF and SPAF connected with an aneurysm have not been described very often. We described an 83-year-old woman with an aneurysm originating from a CAF connected to an aortopulmonary artery fistula. Chest radiography revealed a shadow at the left edge of the heart line. Multi-detector-row computed tomography (MDCT) with contrast enhancement and coronary cine angiography revealed that the shadow was an aneurysm connected to a tortuous fistula at the left anterior descending coronary artery. The aneurysm was formed by congenital coronary pulmonary and aortopulmonary artery fistulae. Echocardiography revealed predominantly systolic blood flow in the fistula from the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Although neither MDCT, echocardiography nor coronary angiography alone could provide a comprehensive image of the anomaly, including the hemodynamics in the fistulae and their relationship with surrounding organs and tissues, their combination could provided important facts the led to a deeper understanding of this very uncommon occurrence. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TachibanaMotomi en-aut-sei=Tachibana en-aut-mei=Motomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MukouharaNaoki en-aut-sei=Mukouhara en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramiRyouichi en-aut-sei=Hirami en-aut-mei=Ryouichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujioHideki en-aut-sei=Fujio en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YumotoAkihisa en-aut-sei=Yumoto en-aut-mei=Akihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanukiYutaka en-aut-sei=Watanuki en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiAiko en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Aiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuminoeIsao en-aut-sei=Suminoe en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoudaniHiroshi en-aut-sei=Koudani en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Cardiology, Himeji Red Cross Hospital affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Cardiology, Himeji Red Cross Hospital affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Cardiology, Himeji Red Cross Hospital affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Cardiology, Himeji Red Cross Hospital affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Cardiology, Himeji Red Cross Hospital affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Laboratory, Himeji Red Cross Hospital affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Laboratory, Himeji Red Cross Hospital affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Laboratory, Himeji Red Cross Hospital affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Clinical Laboratory, Himeji Red Cross Hospital en-keyword=coronary pulmonary artery fistula kn-keyword=coronary pulmonary artery fistula en-keyword=aortopulmonary artery fistula kn-keyword=aortopulmonary artery fistula en-keyword=aneurysm kn-keyword=aneurysm END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=47 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=19 end-page=24 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201301 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Representation of Torsion Points on Pairing Curves of Embedding Degree 1 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recent efficient pairings such as Ate pairing use two efficient rational point subgroups such that π(P) = P and π(Q) = [p]Q, where π, p, P, and Q are the Frobenius map for rational point, the characteristic of definition field, and torsion points for pairing, respectively. This relation accelerates not only pairing but also pairing?related operations such as scalar multiplications. It holds in the case that the embedding degree k divides r ? 1, where r is the order of torsion rational points. Thus, such a case has been well studied. Alternatively, this paper focuses on the case that the degree divides r + 1 but does not divide r ? 1. Then, this paper shows a multiplicative representation for r?torsion points based on the fact that the characteristic polynomial f(π) becomes irreducible over Fr for which π also plays a role of variable. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NogamiYasuyuki en-aut-sei=Nogami en-aut-mei=Yasuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SumoTaichi en-aut-sei=Sumo en-aut-mei=Taichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University en-keyword=pairing?friendly curve kn-keyword=pairing?friendly curve en-keyword=torsion point kn-keyword=torsion point en-keyword=group structure kn-keyword=group structure en-keyword=rank kn-keyword=rank END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=23 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=20121001 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Political-Economic Situation and the Financial Condition of Local Governments in Poland kn-title=ポーランド経済の成長と地方自治政策および地方自治体の財政状況 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper conducts a critical analysis on the political-economic situation of Poland and the current financial condition of the Polish local governments. Poland was the only country in the EU that avoided recession in 2009, i.e. just after the financial crisis it the world in 2008. While a number of studies suggest that the strong exports and individual consumption expenditures have been supporting the economy, they tend to miss the crucial fact that local government finance in the country is relatively well-balanced, and it became one of the factors of the economic stability. Aiming at examining such curious steadiness of the Polish local governments, this paper first focuses on the political and economic situation in Poland to understand the background of the financial condition of the local governments. Secondly, the system of local autonomy and its changes will be reviewed. Thirdly, the paper outlines the current political situation of the country, particularly the outcome of the general election held in 2012. Different regional strategies of the major political parties will be analyzed as well. Finally, the condition of local government finance will be examined to clarify their problems and challenges. From the analysis of this paper, the following points will be elucidated: (1) The solid economic performance has been maintained in Poland even after the global economic crisis. (2) The disparity of economic growth by prefecture and the disparity of the domestic product per capita by prefecture both show observable trend of its increase. (3) There is a big difference in the regional policy between the two major political parties in the country. The ruling party, the Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska; PO), bases its policy on the EU cohesion fund and adopts the economic growth model, in which the economies of metropolises are the engine to lead the country’s economy. On the other hand, the main opposition party, Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo??; PiS), sets the liquidation of domestic disparities based on the “Polish” policies as its main goal. (4) The local government system of Poland is characterized by the great authority of commune (gmina) and the securing of tax revenue by the state. This model has been ensuring financial stability of the local government. (5) Many state-owned real estates have been changed to come under local government ownership during the period of systemic transformation. The incomes from the real estates and gains upon their sale have been contributing to the stability of local government finance. (6) Local governments have been one of the factors of Poland’s stable growth. However, many local governments recently started to fall into deficit. The causes of the deficit are as follows: a slowdown in tax revenues due to the recession; the falling real estate prices, the rising prices of construction materials for public works; the rising energy prices; and natural disasters that occur frequently in recent years. (7) The reduction policy of the state budget, directly bound up with the tighter condition of local government finance, as well as the decrease of financial supports from the EU Cohesion Fund and its related cuts in budgets for public works, has a negative impact on the local economy. They consequently affect the growth of the Polish economy to cause its slowing down. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaguchiMasahiro en-aut-sei=Taguchi en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name=田口雅弘 kn-aut-sei=田口 kn-aut-mei=雅弘 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=46 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=10 end-page=20 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Calibration of Ultra-Wide Fisheye Lens Cameras by Eigenvalue Minimization en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We present a new technique for calibrating ultra-wide fisheye lens cameras by imposing the constraint that collinear points be rectified to be collinear, parallel lines to be parallel, and orthogonal lines to be orthogonal. Exploiting the fact that line fitting reduces to an eigenvalue problem, we do a rigorous perturbation analysis to obtain a Levenberg-Marquardt procedure for the optimization. Doing experiments, we point out that spurious solutions exist if collinearity and parallelism alone are imposed. Our technique has many desirable properties. For example, no metric information is required about the reference pattern or the camera position, and separate stripe patterns can be displayed on a video screen to generate a virtual grid, eliminating the grid point extraction processing. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanataniKenichi en-aut-sei=Kanatani en-aut-mei=Kenichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Computer Science, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=33 cd-vols= no-issue=372 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=34 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1921 dt-pub=19210131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=ELECTRIC CHARGES OF THE RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1. It is stated that the erythrocytes show a different cataphoresis in the same solution according to the species of the animals and the erythrocytes of the same animal in two different solutions. 2. The erythrocytes of the rabbit possess in 0,9% NaCl solution a positive charge unlike those of the other animals, while they are charged in the isotonic sugar solution most negatively charged. 3. The cataphoresis of the erythrocytes was observed under the microscope not only in the NaCl solution but in many other salt solutions. 4. The statement follows how the cataphoretic phenomena which the erythrocytes show in the isotonic solution of NaCl or cane-sugar are modified by the addition of several reagents. 5. A test is made showing the change of pH of different solutions after the addition of the erythrocytes. 6. It is demonstrated that some Cl-ions in solutions of NaCl or KCl are taken by the erythrocytes which in turn give off some HCO3-ions. 7. Of all the animals the efficiency of the erythrocytes to raise pH of some salt solutions, especially of acid salt solutions is the greatest in the rabbit and the least in the dog as far as they were examined. 8. On the other hand the erythrocytes of the rabbit have a weaker efficacy to neutralize an alkaline solution than those of the dog, guinea-pig or goat. 9. While the erythrocytes absorb some Cl-ions in an acid salt solution, they release these in an alkaline salt solution. 10. The strong efficiency of the rabbit erythrocytes to raise pH of some solutions is an important factor, the explanation, perhaps, being that they possess a positive charge in the salt solution unlike those of almost all other animals. Likewise the fact that the erythrocytes of the dog have a strong negative charge in the salt solution seems to bear upon their weak efficacy to neutralize an acid solution. 11. In order to explain the cataphoresis of the erythrocytes in the sugarsolution a hypothesis is offered concerning the permeability of the membrane of the erythrocytes. If the erythrocytes of the rabbit are thrown into a sugar solution which contains no electrolytes, there would occur a condensation of the cell membrane, so that it would hinder the passage of some anions, while the diffusion of cations goes on unaffected. On the other hand the permeability of the erythrocytes of the dog and cat seems to remain almost unchanged in the sugar solution as well as in the salt solution. For this reason the erythrocytes of the rabbit become in the sugar-solution strongly negatively charged, while those of the dog and cat remain weakly negatively charged. 12. Such solutions as 3,0% glycerine, 5,0% d-glucose, 5,0% laevulose, 9,5 % lactose and 2,0% glycocoll have the same effect as that of 9,5% canesugar solution on the cataphoresis of the erythrocytes. 13. The erythrocytes of the rabbit which have a strong power to neutralize an acid solution and are slightly positively charged in 0,9% NaCl solution resist the haemolytic effect of the acid more obstinately than those of other animals. On the contrary the crythrocytes of the goat which show a strong negative potential in 0,9% NaCl solution are most liable to the haemolysis caused by the acid. Generally speaking it seems probable that erythrocytes which are strongly negatively charged in the NaCl solution dissolve in an acid solution more easily than those weakly charged. 14. But in a solution of reserve acidity in which some substance acts as "buffer" the erythrocytes of the rabbit are most liable to haemolysis, while those of the goat and dog show a great resistance at least during the first few hours. 15. The erythrocytes of the dog are most easily dissolved in the alkaline solution. With this special exception, the erythrocytes of the rabbit are most liable to haemolysis and those of the goat and rat show the greatest resistance when they are thrown into the solution. Generally speaking it seems probable, that less negatively charged erythrocytes in the NaCl solution are more liable to the haemolytic effect of the base, the case of the dog being excluded. 16. Those elements which possess lower solution pressures than hydrogen have generally a strong power to dissolve or destroy the erythrocytes, and less negatively charged erythrocytes seem to be more liable to haemolysis in solutions of the copper, mercury, silver, gold or platinum compounds. 17. Those elements which possess higher solution pressures than hydrogen have generally only a weak haemolytic effect or none at all, but the trivalent cations Fe(…) and Al(…) are powerful in causing haemolysis, their effect resembling that of the acid. 18. The haemolytic effect of saponin, natrium oleat and alcohol has no bearing on the electric charge of the erythrocytes and seems to be chiefly concerned with the action to dissolve the lipoid. 19. Likewise the haemolysis caused by hypotonic solutions has no relation to the electric charge of the erythrocytes.20. The resistance of the erythrocytes towards hypotonic NaCl solutions is increased by the effect of the alkali and decreased by that of the acid (HAMBURGER). This change is seen very markedly in the goat erythrocytes which have a strong negative potential, while the positively charged erythrocytes of the rabbit in such cases show very little or no change at all. 21. The haemolytic serum has a power to neutralize the charge of the erythrocytes. This action must be attributed to either the amboceptor or agglutinin, the complement having surely nothing to do with it. An experiment on the goat erythrocytes gave a result, which seems to suggest, that the amboceptor acts upon the erythrocytes more effectually than the agglutinin, as far as the electric charge is concerned. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaK. en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=K. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SekiM. en-aut-sei=Seki en-aut-mei=M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Anatomical Laboratory of the Okayama Medical School affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Anatomical Laboratory of the Okayama Medical School END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2007 cd-vols= no-issue=113 article-no= start-page=31 end-page=38 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=20071119 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Toward Construction of Verb Thesaurus for Paraphrasing Metaphor Expressions on the Basis of Metaphor Analysis kn-title=メタファ分析に基づく置換可能な動詞カテゴリの作成 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Metaphor expression, especially consisting of a noun and verb, is irregular expression thus it is not easy to be dealt with in natural language applications such as machine translation, summarization, and document understanding. We believe it is important that metaphor expressions should be paraphrased into normalized basic expressions in order to extract a fact embedded in the expression: for example a metaphor expression “the wind plays” can be paraphrased into a basic expression “the wind blows”. In order to realize this task, in this paper we propose a verb thesaurus organized on the basis of semantic coherency for verbs. From the work of manual construction of a thesaurus on 50 verbs we discuss the possibility of our approach. kn-abstract=動詞と名詞による表現において動詞の意味のずれにより生じるメタファが機械翻訳や要約などの自然言語処理や文章の理解において問題となる場合がある。そのメタファに内在する事実を扱うためには、前もって一般的な表現へと変換処理をする必要があると考えられる。例えば「風が遊ぶ」というメタファを「風が吹く」などの一般的な表現に言い換える処理が必要であろう。本稿ではこの処理に必要となる動詞カテゴリの作成を提案する。実際に 50 の動詞について類似性に基づきカテゴリを作成し考察をすることで、置換可能な動詞間の類似性や共起する名詞の扱い方が動詞カテゴリの網羅性と信頼性の向上にどのように関わるかを明らかにする。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IchinoseMitsuru en-aut-sei=Ichinose en-aut-mei=Mitsuru kn-aut-name=一ノ瀬充 kn-aut-sei=一ノ瀬 kn-aut-mei=充 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeuchiKoichi en-aut-sei=Takeuchi en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name=竹内孔一 kn-aut-sei=竹内 kn-aut-mei=孔一 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=37 cd-vols= no-issue=431 article-no= start-page=1281 end-page=1308 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1925 dt-pub=19251231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the Origin of "T?ches laiteuses", in Addition: The Formation of the Net-meshes in Omentum kn-title=大網乳斑ノ發生ニ關スル研究 附. 大網々眼ノ成立機轉ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the preceding paper on the milk-spots of omentum of rabbit, I concluded that in the mesothelial cell-layer of the milk-spots there exist the peculiar epithelioid cells (histiocytes) and apertures, and also affirmed that the majority of the epithelioid cells are penetrating the mesothelial cell-layer to regain their position in the milk-spots from the peritoneal cavity. From this fact, I cannot agree with the views of Renaut and Goldmann-"Diese Zelle (Histiozyt) wandert nicht aus der ser?sen H?hlen in das Netz, um hier t?ches laiteuses aufzubauen, die Wanderung ist vielmehr eine umgekehrte". Elaborating upon my view, the mother cells which bring forth the milk-spots also may be considered to be the similar cells reappeared as above mentioned. To investigate the above subject, this study was experimentally done. In addition, the developmental process of the four groups of milk-spots (Follicular, adventitial, mixed and solitary form by the author) was also investigated. Concerning to the development of the omentum, there are two important questions hitherto discussed, namely: the one is the formation of the net-meshes in omentum: the other is Ranvier's cellules vasoformatives et sanguiformatives, and these matters were also some illustrated in this paper. However, the latter question, relating to the system of the blood-vessels was here limited to its objective observation only and its detail will be carried out in another paper. Conclusions:- 1. The mother cells of the milk-spots may probably be those cells which once emigrated from the peritoneum into the abdominal cavity and then deposit on the surface of the omentum. 2. The mother cells are grouped or disseminated on the surface of the omentum and form the milk-spots, having depositted deeper and deeper into the omental tissue. However, the adveventitial milk-spots may be built partly by the adventitia-cells which have existed embryonally in the omentum. 3. The milk-spots will be developped by means of mitotic cell-division of the mother cells and by the continuous deposition of the large mononuclear wandering cells from the abdominal cavity. 4. In the beginning of the development of milk-spots, all of them, excluding the adventitial form, belong to the solitary form, and after a little while some of the solitary form are supplied with blood-vessels and consequently they become the follicular form. The follicular form developed along the relatively large bloog-vessel will become a mixed form, combining with the adventitial form. 5. Considering the origin of the milk-spots, I cannot quite agree with Renaut's classification hitherto used. 6. The formation of the net-meshes in omentum of rat is originated from the necrosis or falling of the nuclei of the mesothelial cells and Auerbach's "Schaltpl?ttchen". en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HamazakiYukio en-aut-sei=Hamazaki en-aut-mei=Yukio kn-aut-name=濱崎幸雄 kn-aut-sei=濱崎 kn-aut-mei=幸雄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學病理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=20111201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A study on the conflict and intertwine of the accounting standards and the tax law in asset losses kn-title=資産の下向的評価損失を巡る会計と税務の対立と交錯 : 債務（損失）確定主義と公正価値会計との相克 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper first refers to the key concept of recognition of asset losses under the corporate tax law. The tax law basically restricts the loss deduction and imposes requirements of "settlements" with a fact of physical or monetary damage for the special loss deduction unless potential nonrecognized losses may be deducted under the accounting standards from the viewpoint of disclosure for asset fair values. This loss deduction rule is derived from the foreseeability and legal stability in calculation of taxable income. This paper secondly explains the content and legislative context of the recent amendments in the depreciation system and allowance expenses. Some allowance systems has been repealed in order to enlarge the tax base and increase the tax revenue, however, the accelerated depreciation, newly introduced system in the recent corporate tax reform, brought a broad accrual expense, where it caused an opposite result to the tax base. I would rather mention the background of the past tax reforms and suggest the range of estimated accrual expenses should be more broadened. Finally, this paper would clarify the contemporary signification in the loss deduction rule. ASBJ has issued the cumulative accounting standards for the global convergence, and is now required the final decision for the IFRS adoption. It would likely be said that harmonization between the accounting and tax enforcement would be continuously pursed through this convergence process. The loss deduction rule would have a vital role in the fair value measurement in tax accounting, where tax income and each tax item on a balance sheet are measured by an index with high accuracy and legal settlement. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KobayashiHiroaki en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name=小林裕明 kn-aut-sei=小林 kn-aut-mei=裕明 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=54 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=65 end-page=76 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=ON A GENERALIZATION OF CQF-3′ MODULES AND COHEREDITARY TORSION THEORIES en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Throughout this paper we assume that R is a right perfect ring with identity and let Mod-R be the category of right R-modules. Let M be a right R-module. We denote by 0 → K(M) → P(M) → M → 0 the projective cover of M. M is called a CQF-3′ module, if P(M) is M-generated, that is, P(M) is isomorphic to a homomorphic image of a direct sum ?M of some copies of M. A subfunctor of the identity functor of Mod-R is called a preradical. For a preradical σ, Tσ := {M ∈ Mod-R : σ(M) = M} is called the class of σ-torsion right R-modules, and Fσ := {M ∈ Mod-R : σ(M) = 0} is called the class of σ-torsionfree right R-modules. A right R-module M is called σ-projective if the functor HomR(M,?) preserves the exactness for any exact sequence 0 → A → B → C → 0 with A ∈ Fσ. We put Pσ(M) = P(M)/σ(K(M)) for a module M. We call a right R-module M a σ-CQF-3′ module if Pσ(M) is M-generated. In this paper, we characterize σ-CQF-3′ modules and give some related facts. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakehanaYasuhiko en-aut-sei=Takehana en-aut-mei=Yasuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=General Education Hakodate National College of Technology en-keyword=QF-3′ kn-keyword=QF-3′ en-keyword=cohereditary kn-keyword=cohereditary END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=54 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=53 end-page=63 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=ON A GENERALIZATION OF QF-3′ MODULES AND HEREDITARY TORSION THEORIES en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Let R be a ring with identity, and let Mod-R be the category of right R-modules. Let M be a right R-module. We denote by E(M) the injective hull of M. M is called QF-3′ module, if E(M) is M-torsionless, that is, E(M) is isomorphic to a submodule of a direct product ΠM of some copies of M. A subfunctor of the identity functor of Mod-R is called a preradical. For a preradical σ, Tσ := {M ∈ Mod-R : σ(M) = M} is the class of σ-torsion right R-modules, and Fσ := {M ∈ Mod-R : σ(M) = 0} is the class of σ-torsionfree right R-modules. A right R-module M is called σ-injective if the functor HomR(?,M) preserves the exactness for any exact sequence 0 → A → B → C → 0 with C ∈ Tσ. A right R-module M is called σ-QF-3′ module if Eσ(M) is M-torsionless, where Eσ(M) is defined by Eσ(M)/M := σ(E(M)/M). In this paper, we characterize σ-QF-3′ modules and give some related facts. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakehanaYasuhiko en-aut-sei=Takehana en-aut-mei=Yasuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=General Education Hakodate National College of Technology en-keyword=QF-3′ kn-keyword=QF-3′ en-keyword=hereditary kn-keyword=hereditary END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2347 end-page=2368 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1928 dt-pub=19281130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental studies on the antagonistic function between the spleen and the thyroid gland 3 report: Comparison of blood-platelets in splenic arterial and veinous kn-title=脾臟ト甲状腺トノ交互作用ニ關スル研究 第3囘報告 脾動靜脉ノ血小板ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As was reported in the Okayama Igakkai-Zasshi last year, an inquiry of mine into the influence of the spleen and the thyroid gland upon the blood-picture has proved the fact that it is the blood-platelet, which undergoes the most remarkable changes, in other words, that there exist, even through the blood-platelet a certain antagonistic function between these two organs. Then, having examined by various procedures the numerical and morphological changes of the blood-platelets in arteries and veins of the spleen, such results as following were attaind. 1) In the case of normal rabbit, the number of blood-platelets in splenic veins is far less than those in splenic arteries, and the blood-platelets which decrease in number are, for the most part, those of smaller types. This numerical difference becomes indistinct when thyreoidin is given or silver-elecroid injected continually, while morphologically no remarkable changes occur. On the other hand, when adrenalin is injected, the difference between the number of the blood-platelets in veins and those in arteries of the spleen diminishes slightly, while the number of the smaller blood-platelets in veinous blood increases. 2) After the thyroidectomy and the injection of phenylhydrazin, the number of the blood-platelets in splenic veins obviously exceeds that in splenic arteries, and morphologically that of the larger ones increases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsunashimaYoshito en-aut-sei=Tsunashima en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name=綱島義人 kn-aut-sei=綱島 kn-aut-mei=義人 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學柿沼内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue=10 suppl article-no= start-page=79 end-page=90 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1955 dt-pub=19550228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=STUDIES ON JAPANESE B ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS (6) OBSERVATIONS ON VARIOUS FORMS OF ANTIGEN EMPLOYED IN HEMAGGLUTINATION OF JAPANESEB ENCEPHALITIS ; ESP. ABOUT TITER OF ANTIGEN DUE TO NAKAYAMA STRAIN kn-title=日本脳炎の研究 （第6報） 日本脳炎赤血球凝集反応用抗原抽出の種々相に就て 特に中山株に依る抗原抽出に就て en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this study have been examined, prozone phenomen as well as titer rising after extracted and centrifuged, employing Okayama 53 C and 53 D Japanese B Encephalitis strain, both I have isolated. The antigen of hemagglutination of Japanese B Encephalitis that has undergone a lowspeed centrifuge, indicates certain lowest value, at immediately after it expanding gradually to the maximum in a week. This is due to inhibiting substances contained in mouse brain, which the antigen is known to digest and reduce at a low temperature, owing to its fermentative action. With the Nakayama strain, it is due to this fact that the antigenal property has often been referred to; if we aim at a low density as well as at a comparatively high temperature in its preparation, this ability would appear without fail. In case the pH at the time of production proves higher than 7.0, antigenical effect appears marked, while weak in inhibition; in case it is low, antigenal virtue proves weak, but strong in inhibiton. These inhibitive substances are the same with those containd in normal component of mouse brain, which, would not change because of infection to virus. The antigen of hemagglutination of Japanese B encephalitis prepared from virus infected mouse brain possesses such ferments as to change not only those inhibitive substances of normal compenent of mouse brain, but also those that exist in chickserum. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujimotoItsuo en-aut-sei=Fujimoto en-aut-mei=Itsuo kn-aut-name=藤本逸郎 kn-aut-sei=藤本 kn-aut-mei=逸郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue=10 suppl article-no= start-page=67 end-page=78 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1955 dt-pub=19550228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=STUDIES ON JAPANESE B ENECPHALITIS VIRUS (5) EFFECTS OF PROTECTING SUBSTANCES ON ANTIGENS IN HEMAGGLUTINATION OF JAPANESE B ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS kn-title=日本脳炎の研究 （第5報） 日本脳炎赤血球凝集反応用抗原に対する保護物質の影響に就て en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this experiment the protective ability of the guinea-pig serum as well as sugar and glucose against hemagglutine substance of Japanese B encephalitis virus was reported. In case 0.85% physiological saline water with 5% of inactive guinea-pig serum has been added to antigen, its antigen ability was seen to be made double, and protected from heat under 37°C. That protcctive ability has risen to the top at 5%. When we have prepared some antigens using 0.85% physiololgical scaline water that was added certain inactive guineapig serum to the extent of 2.5%, antigens which has a good titer, and can stand both for the temperature as well as duration of time, besides, preservable, moreover would not lose its specificity may be obtained. Turnip sugar, glucose as well as fruit sugar give certain injurious effect on antigens ; then its action bears close relalion to, not only density, but temperature and lapse of time. Such function of sugars could only be inhibited by antigen protein, a fact that hints at the cue for the future study of antigenal struchlre. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujimotoItsuo en-aut-sei=Fujimoto en-aut-mei=Itsuo kn-aut-name=藤本逸郎 kn-aut-sei=藤本 kn-aut-mei=逸郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue=10 suppl article-no= start-page=53 end-page=65 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1955 dt-pub=19550228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=STUDIES ON JAPANESE B ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS (4) ON RECEPTOR SUBSTANCES OF JAPANESE B ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, BY HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST kn-title=日本脳炎の研究 第4報 日本脳炎の血球擬集反応の擬集元物質に就て en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Having investigated about those receptor substances contained in a chick erythrocytes that were used in hemagglutination reaction by both Okayama 52 A strain as well as Okayama 52 B strain of Japanese B encephalitis virus, obtained the following results. 1) There are contained mach receptor substances in a chick erythrocytes immediately after having been hatched; however, as they grew up, indicated a decrease at 11-14 days, reducing itself to below 10%. 2) likewise, in a chick serum immediately after hatching, various kinds of inhibiting substances may be found out, due to an inhibition test, but they indicate a marked decrease at about 8-11 days, coming down below 10%. From this fact, it, is considered that these two factors have the same or very closely resembled properties. 3) In case we have fixed certain blood preparation specimens by dint of melthanol-formalin 9 : 1 solution and have stained it with Victorian blau, the erythrocytes are apt to be stained deep within one week of hatching, leaving some lipo-protein, non-stainable grobules around those erythrocytes. Thew grobules indicate nothing but lipo-protein contained in plasmas, which bear a close relation to any inhibition-test. 4) Because in case we have inoculated a rabbit with the serum of chick just has been hatched, which contained a great deal of lipo-protein, there would be produced agglutinin that reacts well to chick erythrocytes; this lipo-protein has been taken for a substance quite the same or closely akin to agglutinin receptor substance of chick erythrocytes. 5) If an inhibition test should be carried out by cholesterin and lecithin, the former acts on antigens, which results in depriving the reactions power of erythrocytes toward receptor. From this, it has come to pass that the behavior of cholesterin as inhibition substance as well as receptor substance bears a great significance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujimotoItsuo en-aut-sei=Fujimoto en-aut-mei=Itsuo kn-aut-name=藤本逸郎 kn-aut-sei=藤本 kn-aut-mei=逸郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部衛生学教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=93 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 suppl article-no= start-page=1 end-page=7 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1981 dt-pub=19810228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Forecasts on date and degree of prevalence of Japanese Encephalitis (Epidemiological study on Japanese Encephalitis, 66) kn-title=日本脳炎の流行時期及び流行規模の予測について （日本脳炎の疫学的研究 66） en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to forecast the median date or the incidence rate in the prevalence of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in Okayama Prefecture, the authors took the following factors into consideration: for deciding the median date, climatic elements, date showing immunological positivity of hemoagglutination inhibition reaction (called HI Reaction, in short) on 50 per cent number of swine and the latitude and longitude as geographical elements; and for deciding the incidence rate, the logarithm of Cule Tritaneorhychus (Ct) number and also climatic factors. They made up the multiple regression equation from the various elements in each year of 1966 to 1980 and estimated the degree of the prevalence of Japanese Entcephalitis by use of this, regression with the advancing selection method. The relation between the fact, only one patient of this disease in this Prefecture, Okayama was dIagnosed on the 10th. September, this year (1980) and the value estimated and forecased, are as followes. 1) There was not a large difference between the real date and the forecasted median date. 2) The authors forecasted and estimated the incidence rate very low and proved their forecasting to be very reliable by the fact. only one patient was dia~nosed. in the year, 1980. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OgataMasana en-aut-sei=Ogata en-aut-mei=Masana kn-aut-name=緒方正名 kn-aut-sei=緒方 kn-aut-mei=正名 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OsakiHirokazu en-aut-sei=Osaki en-aut-mei=Hirokazu kn-aut-name=大崎紘一 kn-aut-sei=大崎 kn-aut-mei=紘一 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学医学部公衆衛生学教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学工学部生産機械工学科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=128 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=735 end-page=747 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=201108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Associations among baseline variables, treatment-related factors and health-related quality of life 2 years after breast cancer surgery en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Provision of social support and rehabilitation for patients with physical, mental, and functional problems after cancer treatment is important for long-term health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Effective use of human and financial healthcare resources requires identification of patients requiring rehabilitation. The objectives of the current study were to clarify the patterns of physical and psychosocial recovery over time, to evaluate the associations among baseline variables, treatment-related factors and HRQOL at 6 months, 1, and 2 years after breast cancer surgery, and to identify the significant factors predicting HRQOL at each point. A multicenter longitudinal study was performed to evaluate physical conditions, anxiety, depression, and HRQOL at 1 month (baseline), 6 months, 1, and 2 years after surgery in 196 patients (mean age: 53.3 years old) with early breast cancer and no postoperative recurrence. Physical conditions were evaluated using a patient-reported symptom checklist. HRQOL was rated using the functional assessment of cancer treatment scalegeneral (FACT-G) and the breast cancer subscale (FACTB). Anxiety and depression were rated using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). More than 50% of patients had local problems of "tightness", "arm weakness." and "arm lymphedema", and systemic problems of "reduced energy, fatigue, and general weakness" postoperatively. The HRQOL score significantly improved 1 year after surgery, and scores for physical, emotional and functional well-being also increased with time, whereas the score for social well-being was the highest at baseline and decreased with time. Depression and anxiety significantly improved with time. Concomitant disease, marital status, and the presence of a partner, anxiety and depression at baseline, pathological lymph node involvement, and adjuvant intravenous chemotherapy were significant factors predicting FACT-G scores at 6 months, 1, and 2 years after surgery. Depression at baseline was a strong predictor of HRQOL up to 2 years after surgery. These results suggest that physical rehabilitation is required for tightness and lymphedema to improve long-term postoperative physical function. A further study of psychosocial interventions is required to improve depression and social well-being after breast cancer surgery. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TairaNaruto en-aut-sei=Taira en-aut-mei=Naruto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimozumaKojiro en-aut-sei=Shimozuma en-aut-mei=Kojiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiroiwaTakeru en-aut-sei=Shiroiwa en-aut-mei=Takeru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhsumiShozo en-aut-sei=Ohsumi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KuroiKatsumasa en-aut-sei=Kuroi en-aut-mei=Katsumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SajiShigehira en-aut-sei=Saji en-aut-mei=Shigehira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoMitsue en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Mitsue kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IhaShigemichi en-aut-sei=Iha en-aut-mei=Shigemichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeTakanori en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Takanori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatsumataNoriyuki en-aut-sei=Katsumata en-aut-mei=Noriyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization, National Shikoku Cancer Center affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Clinical Trials and Research, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Clinical Trials and Research, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Breast Surgery, Okayama Ofuku Clinic affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital en-keyword=Breast cancer kn-keyword=Breast cancer en-keyword=HRQOL kn-keyword=HRQOL en-keyword=Depression kn-keyword=Depression en-keyword=Anxiety kn-keyword=Anxiety en-keyword=Chemotherapy kn-keyword=Chemotherapy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=546 end-page=569 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1928 dt-pub=19280331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the regulation of blood coagulation from the pharmacological point of view (Part I) On the mehods of determining both the coagulation time of blood and some coagulative components, and on certain conditions to act upon them kn-title=藥物學的ニ窺ヒタル血液凝固ノ調節機轉ニ關スル研究 其1 血液凝固時間及ビ凝固要素ノ測定法竝ニ之ニ影響スル諸種ノ條件ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Before the regulation of blood coagulation should be studied pharmacologically, I have, first of all as a means requisite for the desired object, selected out of or improved the existing method of determining both the coagulation time and coagulable components. In the second place, after giving some critical comments on those methods and making carful experiments upon various ploblems that have not yet been solved comprehensively, I have brought to light some conclusive evidences which stand test fairly, as follows: I 1; My own apparatus used for measuring the required time for clotting is but simple. As seen in Fig. 1, two glass-cylinders are put in an oblong kettle, Petres' diches of big size being put in each cylinder. Either cold or hot water or ice-water is filled up in these vessels, in order to keep on a difinite temperature. while the dishes being filled with a piece of gauze well soaked in water. A piece of filter-paper is laid on it, on which a watch-glass is put. The mater to be tested is run dawn on the glass. As for the determination of coagulation time, a hooked glass-thread is used for hooking the matter up at about the middle of it every 15 seconds. The first period of coagulation time lasts until when a tiny piece of fibrin sticks on the end of the glass-thread, and the second period comes to an end as a whole coagulated blood is crear of the face of the watch-glass by means of a glass-rod. This method requires no special skill in practice, and is good for oft-repeated experiments because of a little amount of blood used, and is not only affected by the change of external temperature and humidity, but has also an advantage of pointing out each end of the two periods precisely. 2. While there is an average value of 30 minutes for the coagulation time of a normal rabbit at the temperature ranging from 21°C to 23°C by Fonio's method, my own method takes far less time, an average time for coagulation being 7 minutes at 20°C in the first period, varying from 6.5 to 8 minutes, while taking 15.5 minutes on an average the second period, ranging from 12 minutes to 18.5 minutes. When tried with a single animal, it takes 15 seconds in the first period, and 30 to 45 seconds in the second period respectively, under repeated tests of blood. 3. By my method, as by Fonio's, there is some difference in coagulation time according as the amount of blood used. There exists, however, but little disparity in time in either experiment with a difinite amount used from 0.5 to 2.0 cc by Fonio's method, or with the amount of 2 to 4 gtt. by mine. Any increased amount of blood does not always run parallel to the length of its coagulation time, nor the coagulation is strikingly belated on account of a little amount used. 4. It is an unchangeable fact that the external temperature has no less influence upon the coagulation time. It has been tried by my method at the temperature ranging from 5° to 42°C, marking by drawing a curve line, as do by B?rker's, the result, which shows both the first and second period of coagulation become shorter as the external temperature rises higher. 5. The influence of body temperature upon the coagulation time of blood was inspected by means of heat puncture with a result showing the fact that there is a well-defined parallelism between the curves of the change of body temperature and coagulation time. 6. While it is true that certain amount of carbonic acid in blood plays part in its coagulation time, scholars opinion on the variation of clotting time between the venous and arterial blood has not agreed yet, it has been confirmed the fact that the coagulation time of the former is certainly longer than that of the latter in my own experiments by Fonio's method; but it is not certain whether it is due to only the difference in the tension of carbonic gas. II 1. My methods of measuring fibrinogen, thrombin, anti-thrombin have been much improved based on the principle of Wohlgemuth's methods, are not only good for repeated examinations, but are, also, able to indicate the desired results in a mere fragments of time. 2. Owing to the individuality of animals, the contained amount of those components varies, but when it is repeatedly experimented on the same animal, the result is generally unchangeable. 3. Fibrinogen solution used by myself contains prothrombin. 4. While the potency of serum decreases with the lapse of time, if it is applied to actively, no preeeptible change can be seen in its activity so long as several houres after its being taken out. It is, therefore, best fitted, accompany-ing no great troubles, to use an active serum as thrombin solution in measuring fibrinogen in blood. 5. Serum contains some amount of kinase, yet the amount of calcium in serum is too little for kinase to present itself in its activity, so that the coagulable power of serum on fibrinogen is strengthend when some of calcium is added to the serum in case the power relaxes in both normal condition and wanting in calcium. I doubt kinase will sway a great influence upon my method of measuring thrombin in serum. 6. Hybrid-serum coagulate fibrinogen and transform it into fibrin but the speed of transforming being greatly varied, it may be safely be said the serum has a singular property so far as coagulation time is conserned. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakaHisashi en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name=田中龜 kn-aut-sei=田中 kn-aut-mei=龜 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=2687 end-page=2755 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19291231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Life-history of Metagonimus yokogawai, a New Species of Metagonimus and Exorchis major kn-title=Metagonimus yokogawai, Metagonimusノ1新種及ビExorchis majorノ發育史ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Prof. Dr. M. Suzuki hold the opinion that the so-called Metagonimus yokogawai includes two different species, the one containing the smaller eggs in its uterus and the other the larger ones. He named the latter species temporarily “Large egg type of Metagonimus”, and differentiated it from the former (proper Metagonimus yokogawai). Under guidance of the professor, the author made the investigations on the morphologie and life-history of the above-mentioned two species of Metagonimus, and came to the following results: 1) Many adult worms of Metagonimus yokogawai were found in the intestines of a certain animals fed on Plecoglossus altivelis. 2) Many adult worms of so-called “Large egg type of Metagonimus” were found in the similar animals fed on each one of the following fishes: Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, pseudorasbora parva, Parasilurus asotus and Mugil cephalus. 3) The so-called “Large egg type of Metagonimus” differs from the other species of Metagonimus ever described such as M. ovatus, M. romanicus, and M. dobrogensis in regards mainly to the following points: a) The posterior ends of the both vitellaria of this new species are located very closely each other in the posterior end of the body. b) The eggs of this new species are larger than those of the other species of Metagonimus [0.033 (0.030-0.036): 0.021 (0.018-0.023) mm]. 4) Having examined the structure of the cercariae which are found in the liver of Thi?ra (Melania) libertina Gould and belong to the “Cercaria A of Cercaria fulvopunctata group (by Kobayashi's classification)”, the author found that they are not of single species but include three different species of cercaria. The author gave the name “Cercaria A(1) (Taf. I), Cercaria A(2) (Taf. VIII) and Cercaria A(3) (Taf. IV)” to these three species of cercaria respectively. The morphological differences in these three species are chiefly those of the size of the body and tail, the clor of the body, the size and color of the eyespots and the number of the oral spines. 5) As to the life-history of these three species of cercaria, the author confirmed experimentally the following facts: a) The “Cercaria A1” encysts itself in the gold-fish or Carassius auratus readily, and the encysted larvae ingested by a certain animals further deevrop into adult worms of so-called “Large egg type of Metagonimus”, b) The “Cercaria A(3)” encysts itself in the fins and scales of Plecoglossus altivelis readily, and the encysted larvae develop into adult worms of Metagonimus yokogawai in the similar animals. c) It was extremely difficult to induce the infection of the “Cercaria A1” to the Plecoglossus altivelis, as well the infection of the “Cercaria A(3)” to the gold-fish or Carassius auratus. d) The “Cercaria A(2)” encysts in the gold-fish or Carassius auratus, and the encysted larvae develop into Exorchis maior Hasegawa in the intestine of Parasilurus asotus. 6) The above-mentioned differences between Cercaria A1 and Cercaria A3 in regards to the morphological and biological data prove the fact that the so-called “Large egg type of Metagonimus” is quite different from M. yokogawai. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiShozo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=高橋昌造 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=昌造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=1924 end-page=1933 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19290930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Contribution to the Structure of the Female Genital Organs in some Digenetic Trematodes in Japan kn-title=日本産内部寄生吸蟲類ノ雌性生殖器ノ構造ニ關スル知見補遺 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author studied of the detailed structure of the female genital organs in 18 specieses (Table, P. 1924) out of mammalian-, avian-, amphibian- and fish-trematoes and came to the following conclusions: 1) In all specieses the author examied, the terminal end of the ciliated epithelium of the oviduct is limited constantly and sharply at the point slightly peripheral to the point of junction of the oviduct and the common vitelline duct. It seems highly probable that this fact is common for all digenetic trematodes. 2) In Loxogenes liberum, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Echinochasmus perfoliatus, E. japonicus, E. elongatus and Echinostoma gotoi, the “Befruchtungsraum (Looss)” [“Verschluckapparat (Kobayashi)”] developes prominently, while in the other 12 specieses rudimentary. 3) In Stamnosoma armatum, Pygidiopsis summus, Exorchis oviformis and a new species of Exorchis (Exorchis major Hasegawa) the direction of the ciliary movement of the cilia of the Laurer's canal is constantly centripetal (towards the oviduct), while in the other 14 specieses on the contrary constantly centrifugal (towards the dorsal opening of the Laurer's canal.) 4) In all specimens examined, the Laurer's canal opens on the dorsal surface of the body and it seems to eliminate the contents of the seminal receptacle and the oviduct. 5) In Loxogenes liberum and Genarchopsis goppo, a group of especially long cilia is recognizable in the orifice of the seminal receptacle, by its ciliary movement the contents of the latter are constantly stired. 6) In Stamnosoma armatum, the contents of the seminal receptacle are arranged like a whirl. 7) About the relation of the Laurer's canal with the seminal receptacle recognized the author following four types: a) The seminal receptacle itself does not open separatly in the oviduct but is merely a dilated part of the Laurer's canal near its junction with the oviduct. (for example: A new species of Podocotyle and Genarchopsis goppo). b) The seminal receptacle is connected to the Laurer's canal near its junction with the oviduct by a short duct. (for example: Clonorchis sinensis). c) The seminal receptacle and Laurer's canal open together into the oviduct by one orifice. (for example; Stamnosoma armatum and Loxogenes liberum). d) The seminal receptacle and Laurer's canal open separately but very closely into the oviduct. (for example: Metorchis orientalis). 8) In Stellantchasmus falcatus Echinochasmus perfoliatus, E. japonicus, E. elongatus and Echinostoma gotoi, there is no true seminal receptacle. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiShozo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=高橋昌造 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=昌造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1759 end-page=1771 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19290831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A Contribution to the Life-hystory of Stamnosoma armatum Tanabe kn-title=Stamnosoma armatum Tanabeノ發育史知見補遺 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1) The author confirmed that the first intermediate host of Stamnosoma armatum is Thiara (Melania) libertina Gould on the following grounds: a) The author obtained characteristic metacercariae (encysted cercariae) which are morphologically identical with that of Stamnosoma armatum by infection-experiment to noninfected fishes (goldfish, Zacco platypus and Acheilognathus limbata) with a sort of cercariae which were found in the liver of Thiara libertina and belong to the “Cercaria B of fulvopunctata group (by Kobayashi's classification).” b) The author brought up characteristic adult worms which are morphologically identical with that of Stamnosoma armatum from the above mentioned metacercariae by feeding-experiment to noninfected dogs. 2) The above mentioned cercaria is rich in yellowish-brown pigment in the body and has a pair of eye-spots. Its body measures 0.098 (0.084-0.119) mm in length and 0.056 (0.049-0.063) mm in breadth; its tail 0.111 (0.091-0.133) in length and 0.015 (0.014-0.018) mm in breadth on an average. 3) Moreover proved the author experimentally the following facts: a) Opposite to the Nishigori's description a group of larger spines which are situated on the dorsal side of the mouth of this cercaria is not the anlage of the “head spine” of the metacercaria, but it seems highly probable that it is a sort of apparatus which functions mechanically to assist the penetration of the cercaria into the second intermediate hosts. The author termed those spines “oral spine” instead of “head spine”. b) This cercaria encysts and develops to a complete metacercaria not only in the gills but also rarely in the fins of certain fishes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiShozo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=高橋昌造 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=昌造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1502 end-page=1513 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19290731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Eggs of several Kinds of Intestinal Trematodes, which resemble that of Clonorchis sinensis, especially the Eggs of Stellantchasmus falcatus and Pygidiopsis summus found in Human Stools With a Supplement on the Examinations of the Helminthic Parasites of the Dogs and Cats in Okayama Prefecture kn-title=肝臟「ヂストマ」ノ卵子ニ類似スル諸種ノ腸寄生吸蟲卵子, 特ニ吾人ノ糞便内ニ見ラレタルStellantchasmus falcatus及ビPygidiopsis summusノソレニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The auther examined the distribution of the helminthic parasites, especially intestinal trematodes of man and domestic animals in Okayama district, and came to the following results: (1 The eggs of Stellantchasmus falcatus were found at 1.5 per. cent. and Pygidiopsis summus at 0.3 per. cent. in the stools of the natives of Okayama district. No human case of these trematodes has yet been recorded in Japan, owing probabely to the fact that the eggs of these trematodes resemble closely those of Clonorchis sinensis. 2) By stool-examination or section were found the eggs resp. worms of Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, Metagonimus yokogawai, *a new species of Metagonimus, Heterophyes nocens, Pygidiopsis summus, Cornatrium fuscatum, Stephanopirumus longus, Echinochasmus perfoliatus and Lepoderma muris in the dogs, and those of Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, *a new species of Metagonimus, Heterophyes nocens, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Echinochasmus perfoliatus und Echinochasmus japonicus in the cats in Okayama Prefecture. 3) It was confirmed by feeding-examination that Mugil cephalus in Okayama district were infested with the encysted larvae of Stellantchasmus falcatus, Pygidiopsis, summus, *a new species of Metagonimus etc., Pseudorasbora parva with those of Clonorchis sinensis, Cornatrium fuscatum, *a new species of Metagonimus etc. and Acheilognathus lanceolatum with those of Clonorchis sinensis, Heterophyes nocens, Echinochasmus perfoliatus etc. The original paper containes a comparative table and microphotographs of the eggs of Clonorchis sinensis, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Pygidiopsis summus, Heterophyes nocens, Metagonimus yokogawai and *a new species of Metagonimus. *This new species will be named Metagonimus takahashii n. sp. by prof. M. Suzuki. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiShozo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=高橋昌造 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=昌造 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=153 end-page=187 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19290131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Studies on the bioluminescence kn-title=生物發光ニ關スル研究（其ノ1） en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The bioluminescence is especially interesting for physiologists in the sense that the end of the intracellular mechanism of the light producing cells is revealed by the light. Whole energy liberated by the process is represented by the light only, unmixed by other energies e. g. movement or heat. This special fact simplifies the experiment enormously, because the light intensity can be measured accurately and conveniently. Photometries used for these studies were following two, according for the purpose. a) Photographic method comparing either of the intensity grade or the diameter of the dark spot on the negative plate or film. b) Comparison method of the brightness of the light with the aid of the adjustable dark glasses (double frame detached from the Hess' differential pupilloscope). The results obtained on the Japanese firefly (Genzi-hotaru and Heike-hotaru) were summariesed as follows. 1) The light producing organ kept in exsicator could be brought to emitt light again by moisting with water, even after two years. 2) The spectrum of the light of the Japanese firefly extends continuously from the reddish orange (660μμ) to the bluish green (480μμ). 3) The intensity of the light increases by the stimulation of the light producing organ with the faradic current or by the chemicals which affect only muscle but not nerve. This phenomenon does not suggest the excitability of the organ or the presence of the exciting nerve for the organ, but can be explained by the increased supply of air by the contraction of the tracheal muscle. 4) The light extinguishes at temperature 0°--7°C., it reappears again dy warming. At the temperature over 40°C. the light becomes gradually reddish and extinguishes at 48°C-54°C. It does not reappear by cooling. The temperature coefficient for intervals 10°C. of the light intensity is 1.2-1.3. The same for the velocity of decay of light is 1.9-2.1. 5) Oxygen is indispensable to the light production of the light producing substance of firefly, which does not emit light under 1/40 atomospheric pressure of oxygen. The intensity of the light increases propotional to the oxygen pressure in the extent of 1/40 to I atomospheric pressure; over that pressure the light intensity approaches asymptotic to the maximum. Further increase of pressure beyond the maximum, also until 4-5 atomospheric pressure or even to 15 atm. pr. does not show any tendency to decrease the light intensity. 6) The light emission from the minced light producing organ of the firefly is not affected by carbon monoxide. It shows that the oxidizable substance does not combine with CO more forcible than with oxygen as haemoglobin does. 7) The light is given out, when the hot water extract from the light producing organ or the non-luminous part of the firefly or from certain animals like cocoonworm (Kaikono-Mayu) which have no light producing organ, is added to the cold water extract from the light producing organ of the firefly. 8) HCN-gas has no influence upon light production of the light producing organ or the mixture of cold water and hot water extracts from the light producing organ, the oxidation concerned with the light production by the firefly would refer to other than the oxidation connected with iron. 9) The authers measured the CO(2) production from the isolated light producing part and non-luminous part of the firefly with Osterhout's indicater method applied for the CO(2) -gas measurement of nerve fibre by Parker and came to the conclusion that the oxidation reaction does not accompany with CO(2) production, for the light producing part did not give out more CO(2)-gas than the non-luminous part. 10) The decay curve of the light emitted from the mixture of the hot water extract from non-luminous part of the firefly or from the larva of the Dendrolimus pini (Matu-Kemusi) and the cold water extract from the light producing part of the firefly indicates that the luminescent reaction in the firefly belongs to a monomolecular reaction, provided, the light intensity at any instant is assumed to be proportional to reaction velocity at that instant. 11) The velocity of the decay of the light intensity which emits from the mixture of cold and hot extract quickens by the increase of the quantity of the cold water extract of the light producing part of firefly. From this fact it seems that the cold water extract contains an enzymlike substance which hastens the luminescent reaction. On the contrary, when the quantity of the hot water extract from luminous part or non-luminous part of the firefly or from non-luminous animals increases, the light of the mixture decays slowly and lasts longer. This fact is explained by an assumption that the hot water extract lets the photogenic substance active (e. g. it sets the inactive photogenic substance combined with protein free.) and at the same time enzymlike substance becomes correspondingly inactive (e. g. by the adsorption). At the addition of the cold water extract into the cold and hot water mixture, it sometimes brightens the emitted light and sometimes lessons it. This initial flash is accounted for granting that the hot water extract acts at bravest at an optimal concentration which is proved especially in case of that from non-luminous part of the firefly. 12) The extinguished but still active cold water extract emits the light by the addition of alkali instead of the hot water extract. On the contrary, we could not let shine the hot water extract by any means. 13) Potassium bromide or erytrosin inhibits luminescence of the light mixture, but Potassium cyanide does not. 14) The active hot water extract is formed by heat from the firefly or certain non- luminous animals; i.e. by the convertion of the precursor into its efficacious form and by the destruction of material preventing the action of the active substance. Required temparature and time for this purpose is about over 3 min. at 50℃. or 15-16 min. at 100℃.. On the contrary, the active cold water extract loses its power by warming at 42°-43°C. over 3 min. 15) The active hot water extract in solution does not degenerate in half a day, and is efficacious even after a day, but the active cold water extract diminishes in power remarkably in 1-2 hours at room temperature. 16) The active component in the hot water extract passes easily through filterpaper, Chamberand filter and collodium membrane, but the active substance in the cold water extract does not filter through collodium membrane. 17) Charcoal adsorbs the active part both in hot and cold water extracts, but the latter is less adsorbed than the former. 18) Such an efficacious component as that in the active hot or cold water extract can not be extracted by alkohol or ether. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HayasiKanae en-aut-sei=Hayasi en-aut-mei=Kanae kn-aut-name=林香苗 kn-aut-sei=林 kn-aut-mei=香苗 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkuyamaMisao en-aut-sei=Okuyama en-aut-mei=Misao kn-aut-name=奧山美佐雄 kn-aut-sei=奧山 kn-aut-mei=美佐雄 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=137 end-page=152 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19290131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the resisting power of spirochaete recurrens to the temperature, light and darkness kn-title=再歸熱「スピロヘータ」ト温度竝ニ明暗ノ關係ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The following facts were obtained by experiments about the relation between the inoculated mice or spirochaete recurrens and the temperature, light and darkness: 1) The length of the incubation period varies in accordance with the condition of the inoculated mice with spirochaete recurrens, that is in case it is heated (33-36°C), or refrigerated (6-8°C), or kept in the sunshine, in the darkness and in the room. 2) When heated, the incubation period is shorter than any other case, and when refrigerated, it is the longest of all. The mice being kept in the room or in the dark room, the incubation period is nearly the same. When the mice is exposed in the sunshine, the period seems to be longer than the experiment in the dark room on many occasions. 3) Spirochaete recurrens itself has a certain resisting power to the temperature, darkness and light; namely, its resistance is weak to the high temperature and sunshine but it has the longest life in the room. To the refrigeration its resistance is comparatively strong. 4) In the experiment of the inoculated mice, the increase of spirochaete is comparatively remarkable, in case the mice is heated. On the other hand, the increase is slow when refrigerated. As for me, in the spirochaete recurrens experiment the resistance is weak when heated, and strong when refrigerated. Thus, the result of the inoculated experiment apparently seems to be contrary to the spirochaete recurrens. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurayamaIseo en-aut-sei=Murayama en-aut-mei=Iseo kn-aut-name=村山五瀬男 kn-aut-sei=村山 kn-aut-mei=五瀬男 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學皮膚科泌尿器科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=20 end-page=26 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1929 dt-pub=19290131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental studies on the antagonistic function between the spleen and the thyroid gland 5 Report. On the sedimentation of red blood corpuscles kn-title=脾臟ト甲状腺トノ交互作用ニ關スル研究 第5囘報告 赤血球沈降速度ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=From the investigation into the influence of the spleen and the thyroid gland upon sedimentation, the following results were obtained. 1. Thyroidectomy seems to bring about the tendency of retardation of the blood sedimentation. On the other hand, this reaction is prompted by the administration of thyreoidin. On these occasions no definite changes was seen in the quantitative proportion of globulin to albumin. 2. This reaction is prompted by splenectomy, and at the same time the degree of viscosity increases, that of globulin remarkably, and when silverelecroid is injected continually, the same reactions occur, though less strongly. 3. Judging from the above-stated experimental fact we are led to believe that the thyroid gland has a function of prompting the sedimentation of the red blood corpuscles, which the spleen restricts when they are operative in the function of blood-making, in the same way as these two organs have two diflerent infiuences on the bone-marrow. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsunashimaYoshito en-aut-sei=Tsunashima en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name=綱島義人 kn-aut-sei=綱島 kn-aut-mei=義人 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學柿沼内科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=3059 end-page=3080 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1930 dt-pub=19301231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Pharmacology of the Blood Vessels of the Human Umbilical Cord and Placenta First Communication; On the Effect of the Autonomic Nerve Poisons kn-title=人臍帯血管及ビ胎盤血管ノ藥理學的研究 第1囘報告 植物性神經毒ノ作用ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper deals with pharmacological studies of the blood vessels of the human umbilical cord and placenta, for the purpose of investigating the innervation of those vessels and their pharmacological reactions, a matter which is as yet not established. In the research on this subject, the following results were obtained: 1. Adrenalin manifests vasoconstrictor action on the arteries of the umbilical cord and placenta, as well as on the vein of the cord. Also this action may be depressed or reversed by the use of atropin or ergotamine. Adrenalin in high concentration causes all of these vessels to dilate, while the vein of the placenta is dilated by adrenalin in any degree of concentration, within the limits of an efficient dose. The constrictor and dilator action of this drug on the blood vessels is understood to be due to the stimulation of the motor and inhibitory fibres of the sympathetic nerve respectively. 2. Acethyl-cholin acts as vasoconstrictor on the arteries of the cord and placenta. This action may be attributed to the stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve, as it is antagonized by a small dose of atropin. This suggests that the arteries of the cord and placenta are innervated by the vasoconstrictor fibres of the parasympathetic nerve. Despite these facts, it was not possible to recognize the vasoconstrictor action of acethylcholin on the veins of the cord. and placenta. Acethyl-cholin in high concentration dilates both kinds of the blood vessels of the cord and placenta. This dilating action is due not to the paralysis of the muscles of the vessels, but probably to the stimulation of the vasodilator fibres of the sympathetic nerve. 3. The action of pilocarpin on the blood vessels of the umbilical cord and placenta is to dilate them, and its point of attack seems to be the vasodilator of the sympathetic nerve. The effect of this drug on the parasympathetic nerve in these vessels was not observed in this experiment. 4. Physostigmin shows itself to be a vasoconstrictor on the vessels of the cord and placenta. It affects the muscles chiefly and the parasympathetic nerve of the vessels to some extent. 5. Atropin by itself does not have any definite action on the vessels of the cord and placenta, but it can depress the effect of acethyl-cholin by a very small dose, and it can also depress or reverse the effect of adranalin by a larger dose. So, it is clearly seen that the parasympathetic nerve and the motor fibre of the sympathetic nerve are paralyzed by a certain concentration of atropin, but the inhibitory fibre of the latter is not influenced by this drug. Atropin in very high concentration dilates these vessels, owing to the paralysis of the muscle. 6. From the facts learned in this research regarding the pharmacological reactions, it may be concluded that the arteries of both umbilical cord and placenta are innervated by the vasoconstrictor fibre of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and the dilatation of these vessels is controlled by the dilator fibre of the sympathetic nerve. The existence of the constrictor fibre of the parasympathetic nerve in the vein of the cord could not be proved. The sympathetic constrictor in the vein is inferior in its developement to the same in the artery. In the vein of the placenta, it was not possible to confirm the innervation of the vasoconstrictor of either the parasympathetic or the sympathetic nerve. 7. The arteries of the umbilical cord and placenta show similar pharmacological reaction to the drugs. Therefore it may be concluded that they are under the same innervation. The vein of the placenta reacts to the drugs in a somewhat different way from what the arteries do. The action of the drugs on the vein of the cord coincides partly with the action observed on the arteries, and partly with that on the placental vein. 8. These embryonic blood vessels manifest nearly the same pharmacological reactions as in the general blood vessels of the body, though there is more or less difference between them. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurakamiKensuke en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name=村上憲佑 kn-aut-sei=村上 kn-aut-mei=憲佑 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=3003 end-page=3032 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1930 dt-pub=19301231 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Heredity of Blood Type in Man Chapter II. The Author's Opinion on the Inheritance of Human Blood Groups kn-title=人血液型ノ遺傳學的研究 第2編 人血液型遺傳ニ關スル私ノ新説 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As a result of observation of the already known facts concerning bloods types, of personal investigation, and comprehensive study of other world-wide statistical investigations, it was seen that the inheritance of blood groups can be explained by the phenomenon of Linkage. The author's hypothesis is that there are three prototypes of blood and two pairs of coequal formative and qualitative factors, A……a; B……b, which occupy the conjugating position of the chromatic bodies that exercise a multifarious influence upon form and substance, corpuscle and serum. In other words, the structure of the factors in the three prototypes is ab/ab (O type), ab/Ab (A type), ab/aB (B type). From the free combination of the zygotes, there spring the three new zygotes, Ab/Ab (A type), aB/aB (B type), Ab/aB (AB type). Five kinds of zygotes which belong to the O, A, and B types do not appear in any result even if linkage takes place, and a gametes will be respectively divided into ab, Ab, aB, heredity thus continuing according to simple hereditary law. On the other hand, when the linkage of Ab/aB, belonging to the AB type, is followed, the kinds of the gametes and the numerical ratio which are derived from that formula will be by repulsion, the gamete AB being thus generated for the first time. The newly genrated AB gamete conjugates with the other kinds of gametes and generates the other four new kinds, ab/AB, Ab/AB, aB/AB, AB/AB. (all of which belong to the AB type). The ab/AB form among the last mentioned four kinds produces the subdivided kinds of gametes and the ratio, according to the coupling. Even if other kinds of zygotes are produced by linkage, they will not appear in the result, and will have only simple heredity. There are thus produced ten hereditary blood types which indicate the heredity in the mutual relation of coupling. The author calculated the frequency of the appearance of these ten types of heredity, from which twelve formulae were made in order to calculate the differentiation that might be anticipated in the next generation. When these formulae are thus employed, complete agreement is found qualitatively and quantitatively between the actual fact and the theoretical anticipation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkuGennosuke en-aut-sei=Oku en-aut-mei=Gennosuke kn-aut-name=奥源之助 kn-aut-sei=奥 kn-aut-mei=源之助 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2813 end-page=2834 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1930 dt-pub=19301130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Pharmacological Studies on the Human Uterus (First Communication) On the Automatism and Innervation of the Uterus kn-title=人類子宮ノ藥理學的研究 第1報 子宮ノ自働運動竝ニ神經司配 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Although the innervation of the female genital organs of the various kinds of animals, and the reactions of those organs to the drugs, are fairly well understood, the questions as to the innervation and pharmacological reactions of the human reproductive organs are however but partly solved. The present investigations have been made for the purpose of throwing some light on those problems, and the following conclusions were reached in the research on the human uterus. 1. The strip of the human uterus musculature manifests rhythmical automatism by means of the Magnus' method, regardless of the portion and direction of the strip towards the uterus itself. The automatism of the strip out of the corpus uteri is more active than that of the strip from the cervix uteri. The intensity of the automatism of the strips of the different muscular layers and of the different directions coincides with the histological view as to the arrangement of the muscular fibres in the human uterus. 2. Carcinoma hampers the automatism of the strip taken out of the adjacent portion of the tumor, while myoma does not interfere with it. The difference in the ages of patients between 26 and 54 years has no influence upon tne automatism of the uterus strip. The strip of a multiparaous uterus is more vigorous than that of a nulliparaous uterus in its automatism. 3. Adrenalin manifests both pressing and depressing effects on the human uterus, so it is clearly seen that the sympathetic nerve in the human uterus is provided with both kinds of fibres, pressing and depressing. 4. Pilocarpin shows stimulating action on the uterus in low or moderate concentration. Owing to this fact it may be said that the parasympathetic nerve in the human uterus is pressor in its nature. Pilocarpin in high concentration produces stimulating action on the depressor of the sympathetic nerve of the uterus. 5. Acethylcholin exerts pressing action on the strip of the uterus by stimulating the parasympathetic nerve, but its highly concentrated solution produces stimulation on the muscle, followed by paralysis. 6. Physostigmin causes the contraction of the uterus owing chiefly to the stimulation of the muscle itself. 7. Atropin in low concentration paralizes the periphery of the parasympathetic nerve, while a moderately concentrated solution paralizes selectively the pressing fibres of the sympathetic nerve, and a highly concentrated solution causes the paralysis of the muscle. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurakamiKensuke en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name=村上憲佑 kn-aut-sei=村上 kn-aut-mei=憲佑 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=42 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=2511 end-page=2519 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1930 dt-pub=19301031 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the polar effect of the direct current upon the cardic muscle kn-title=心筋纖維ニ及ボス直電流ノ影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Experimenting on rabbits, I exposed their pectoral muscles in order to send a direct current of 14-20 volt through their hearts. Corresponding to the heart region I applied a platinum electrode to the muscles until the animals died. Some of them died as early as in 25 minutes under asphyxiating symptoms, while others in 1 1/2 hours. Each heart was taken out at once and put in a 10 per cent. solution of formalin in order to make microscopical sections which were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In the case where the anode was applied to the heart region the heart muscle fibres became condensed and were stained deeply, showing a shrinkage of their nuclei which take up especially much stain. Macroscopically the surface of the heart showed an excavation. In the case where the cathode was put on the heart region, the cardic muscle fibres became loose, staining only lightly. Above all the nuclei were stained slightly and showed a swollen aspect. Macroscopically the surface of the heart corresponding to the place of the electrode was convexed. Concerning the cause of the above mentioned facts, I am of opinion that the electroendosmose plays the most important role. On account of the water stream which is directed towards the cathode the tissue becomes loose and edematous in the cathodic region and condensed in the anodic. Besides the quotient of K/Ca which becomes geater in the cathodic place and smaller in the anodic must be taken into consideration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TateYoshir? en-aut-sei=Tate en-aut-mei=Yoshir? kn-aut-name=建義郎 kn-aut-sei=建 kn-aut-mei=義郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學解剖學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1485 end-page=1503 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1931 dt-pub=19310630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pharmacological Studies on the Round Ligament of the Human Uterus kn-title=人類子宮圓靱帯ノ藥理學的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Notwithstanding the fact that pharmacological studies on the ligamentum teres uteri of various animals have been pretty thoroughly made by a number of research workers, little is known about the human round ligament. The present paper deals with the results of study on the round ligament of the human uterus for the purpose of investigating the automatism and innervation of the ligament, together with the reactions of the organ to drugs. The following results have been obtained by the author's investigation. 1) The round ligament of the human uterus shows rhythmical spontaneous contraction when examined by Magnus' method. 2) Diseases of the uterus, such as adhesion, myoma and, in their early stages, carcinoma and syncytioma malignum, do not hamper the automatism of the round ligament belonging to the uteri so affected, but a round ligament of a somewhat advanced carcinomatous uterus and an atrophied ligament show weak and irregular automatism. 3) The difference in age in patients between 20 and 59 years is not a factor in the automatism of the round ligaments. But ligament of a multiparous uterus produces more active contraction than of one that is nulliparous. 4) Adrenalin exerts either stimulative or depressive effect on the round ligament, according to the degree of its concentration, by affecting the sympathetic nerve. This fact proves that the round ligament of the human uterus is innervated by both the motor and inhibitory fibres of the sympathetic nerve. 5) A small or moderate quantity of pilocarpin causes stimulative action in the round ligament by affecting the parasympathetic nerve, while a large quantity of this drug leads to inhibition, owing to the stimulation of the sympathetic inhibitor. So, it may be seen that the human round ligament is innervated by the parasympathetic nerve which is motor in its function. 6) Acetylcholin exerts stimulative action on the round ligament by affecting the parasympathetic nerve, but in very large quantity it causes the paralysis of the muscle of the ligament. The former justifies the view as to the parasympathetic innervation of the ligament. 7) The action of atropin on the round ligament is uncertain. It is ineffective in some cases, while a stimulative or depressive effect is manifested in other cases. A small quantity of atropin paralyzes the parasympathetic nerve and a somewhat larger quantity causes the paralysis of the motor sympathetic. Very large dose results in the paralysis of the muscle. 8) Pituitrin, in low concentration, produces a stimulative effect on the round ligament by stimulating the motorsympathetic, while a moderately concentrated solution causes either stimulation, by affecting both the motorsympothetic and the muscle itself, or inhibition, owing to the stimulation of the sympathetic inhibitor. In high concentration it causes the paralysis of the muscle, which may be attributed to the effect of chloretone. 9) Bombelon manifests depressive action on the round ligament by acting on the inhibitory fibre of the sympathetic nerve. 10) Nicotin exerts stimulative or depressive effect on the round ligament by stimulating either the motor or inhibitory fibres of the sympathetic nerve. The effect of a small quantity is mainly stimulative, while in moderate quantity it is likely to cause inhibition. A large quantity of this drug affects the muscle, resulting in its paralysis. 11) A small quantity of cocain produces stimulative action on the round ligament by stimulating the motorsympathetic, and a moderate quantity affects the muscle also. A large quantity paralyzes the muscle. 12) Comparing the results above mentioned with those seen in the human uterine musculature, it may be said that adrenalin, pituitrin, bombelon and nicotin cause somewhat different reactions in those two organs, while pilocarpin, acetylcholin, cocain and barium exert the same effect on both of them, but a more active effect on the round ligament than on the uterus. Atropin shows the same effects in both. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurakamiKensuke en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name=村上憲佑 kn-aut-sei=村上 kn-aut-mei=憲佑 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1426 end-page=1440 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1931 dt-pub=19310630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Value of the Human Blood Groups Applied to Ethnology and the Distribution of Blood Groups in the Eastern Part of Harima Province kn-title=血液型ノ人種學的應用價値及ビ東播地方ニ於ケル血液型ノ分?状態ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1. With regard to the grounds for the applicability of the human blood groups to ethnology, former investigators were of opinion that the rate of distribution of the blood groups possessed by one tribe is proper to the tribe and invariable from the beginning of the existence of the tribe down to the present time; and that therefore if the rate of distribution of the blood groups of the existing tribe is investigated, the result thus obtained can be directly applied to the inference of the rate of distribution of the human blood groups in the ancestors of the tribe. It is very difficult, however, to say that in man the number of gametes generated by each individual is definite, and that they maintain their existence and fulfils their function without exception. The human race may be said to have extraneous fertilization, in the borader sense of the term, but customarily people are amrried among their own kind, and therefore something very near to “inter-fertilization, ” in the narrower sense, ought to take place in an extremely slow degree. Moreover, there is the phenomenon of ‘linkage’ as recognizable from the hypothesis on heredity established by the present writer. From these facts it is perhaps difficult to say that the frequency of the gametes of the blood groups can constantly have an invariable equilibrium. Besides, every human race in general shows the rate of distribution of blood groups proper to itself. When the same race is observed in the same district, an approximate rate of distribution is recognized, but when it is locally discriminated, the fact that considerable difference is present in the distribution is always experienced in actual experiment. This experimental fact, indeed, properly corresponds to the theoretical expectation above-mentioned. Thus the frequency of the gametes of blood groups is variable at the present time and a constantly invariable equilibrium is not yet reached; it is still in the transition stage towards that equilibrium. But as the blood type is inherited according to a definite rule, the comparative frequency of the gametes possessed by one tribe is also proper to the tribe, and the comparative frequency of the zygotes formed by the former is also proper to the tribe, and in consequence the rate of distribution of blood groups is naturally proper to the trible. Therefore all the tribes with the same ancestors in their origin show the same rate of distribution of blood groups. Therefore the opinion held by former investigators that the rate of distribution in a tribe is constantly invariable from the origin of the tribe down to the present time must be said to be improper. 2. With regard to the rate of distribution of blood groups in the masses, the frequency of the unit of inheritance in four types can be calculated, upon the basis of the author's linkage hypothesis. On this ground, it is possible to observe the rate in which the unit of inheritance is distributed in a tribe, and accordingly comparative investigation of several kinds of tribes is possible. The unit of inheritance in four types is as follows: Ref.: Factors of two pair allelomorphism: a……The blood corpuscles not possessing A agglutinogen, but the serum possessing α aggultinin. A……The corpuscles possessing A agglutinogen, but the serum not possessing α agglutinin. b……The corpuscles not possessing B agglutinogen, but the serum possessing β agglutinin. B……The corpuscles possessing B agglutinogen, but the serum possessing β agglutinin. The units of inheritance, and accordingly the kinds of gametes, are ab, Ab, aB and AB; and the respective frequency is represented by R, P, Q and Z. n (=11) indicates the number of non-cross-overs. R=√O P=1/2{√A+O-√O+1-(√B+O+1-√O+A+B+AB×2n+2/2n+3)} Q=1/2{√B+O-√O+1-(√A+O+1-√O+A+B+AB×2n+2/2n+3)} Z=1-√O+A+B+AB×2n+2/2n+3 3. The rate of distribution of the blood groups in the masses in the eastern part of Harima Province is O type 31.30% A type 39.23% B type 21.11% AB type 8.36% Rassen index 1.61, which agrees with the Japanese blood type as Furuhata calls it. When the frequency of the unit of inheritance is calculated according to the author's linkage hypothesis, we find R=55.9464% P=27.7229% Q=16.1355% Z=0.1952% When the rate of distribution of the blood groups in the two sexes is observed, no particular difference can be recognized between them. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkuGennosuke en-aut-sei=Oku en-aut-mei=Gennosuke kn-aut-name=奧源之助 kn-aut-sei=奧 kn-aut-mei=源之助 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=845 end-page=849 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1931 dt-pub=19310430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Investigation of the Human Blood Group Types from the Standpoint of Heredity (Addendum) The Author's New Theory on the Heredity of the Human Blood Group Types Supplemented kn-title=人血液型ノ遺傳學術的研究 續編 人血液型遺傳ニ關スル私ノ新説搨 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author published in his present investigation of the heredity of the human blood group types, Part II, his own theory. The hypothesis he then propounded required as a matter of course a supplementary hypothesis, which, however, was left unstated; hence it may be here supplemented. The supplementary hypothesis in question is the theory of the “Lethal Factor” put forward by Dyke & Budge. The gamete AB is weak in vitality, and, moreover, some phenomenon yet unexplained today takes place in the perion in which a blood type is formed. From these facts it is assumed that the gamete AB perishes in one generation. This assumption also corresponds to the instances reported by Fujitaka and Ito. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkuGennosuke en-aut-sei=Oku en-aut-mei=Gennosuke kn-aut-name=奧源之助 kn-aut-sei=奧 kn-aut-mei=源之助 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學泉外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=756 end-page=764 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1931 dt-pub=19310331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Heredity of Blood Type in Man Chapter IV. Summary Observation on Inheritance of Blood Types kn-title=人血液型ノ遺傳學的研究 第4編 人血液型遺傳ニ關スル總括的考察 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Many hypotheses have been advanced to explain the inheritance of blood types, but none of them could account theoretically for the actual facts. My own hypothesis of linkage alone can perfectly explain the actual facts of inheritance both quantitatively and qualitatively. I observed from my own experience and statistical material that ab and AB gametes can be formed by crossing over from the AB type and I have been able to prove the validity of my own hypothesis theoretically and actually. There has been much controversy as to the kind of children that should be born of parents of the AB type, but I have been able to show that children of 0, A, B and AB types can be born of parents of the AB type. The rate of the appearance of the so-called “questionable children” born of parents of the AB type has been considered as irregular, and sometimes even their appearance has been doubted. Such a phenomenon, however, is not to be wondered at. When my hypotheses are accepted, it can be easily explained by the existence of the phenomenon of linkage, the numerical ratio of spermatozoa and ova, the conditions under which they are ejected, and the fecundity. When one refers to the literature concerned, it seems that the crossing over takes place comparatively frequently in the genital cells of the maternal body. But minute observation leads to the opinion that this phenomenon also depends upon the conditions under which spermatozoa and ova are ejected. The settlement of the question of the inheritance of blood types is of service in anthropological observation, and establishes a standard for the medico-legal judgment of parentship. Moreover the existence of the phenomenon of linkage, to which no great attention has hitherto been paid in the problem of human heredity, has been demonstrated. It is to be supposed that the study of human heredity will develop in this direction on the basis of the present demonstration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkuGennosuke en-aut-sei=Oku en-aut-mei=Gennosuke kn-aut-name=奧源之助 kn-aut-sei=奧 kn-aut-mei=源之助 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=21 end-page=41 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1931 dt-pub=19310131 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Pharmacological Studies on the Human Uterus Third Communication; Comparative Studies on the Automatism and Pharmacological Reactions between Pregnant and Nonpregnant Human Uterus kn-title=人類子宮ノ藥理學的研究 第3報 妊娠及ビ非妊時ニ於ケル子宮ノ自働運動竝ニ二三藥物ニ對スル反應ノ比較 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In two previous communications the author reported the results of pharmacological studies on the nonpregnant human uterus. The present paper deals with the results of comparative studies on the automatism and pharmacological reactions between pregnant and nonpregnant uterus, such as have never been tried by any investigator. The follo wing conclusions have been reached. I. The strip of a pregnant human uterus produces more vigorous automatism, by means of Magnus' method, than that of nonpregnant uterus. II. Automatism in the human uterus, and its sensibility to autonomic poisons, uterine stimulants and other drups, are the same regardless of the state of pregnancy, whether early or late, or normal or ectopic. III. A pregnant uterus reacts to the drugs more vigorously than a nonpregnant one. The difference in the effect of the drugs on a pregnant and a nonpregnant uterus is quantitative with certain kinds of drugs, while a qualitative difference is shown with some other drugs. Adrenalin, pilocarpin, acetylcholin, pituitrin and nicotin belong to the former group, while bombelon, secacornin and caffein are included in the latter. Atropin shows no difference in its action on the uterus whether it is pregnant or nonpregnant. 1. Adrenalin and pituitrin show a stronger stimulative effect on a pregnant uterus than on a nonpregnant one. The effect of caffein on a pregnant uterus is stimulative, while it acts as the depressant on a nonpregnant uterus. Therefore it may be said that the excitability of the motor-sympathetic is increased during pregnancy. 2. The stimulative actions of pilocarpin and acetylcholin are more evident in a pregnant uterus than in a nonpregnant one. So the excitability of the parasympathetic nerve is also accelerated during pregnancy. 3. Nicotin exerts a more actively depressive effect on a pregnant uterus than on a nonpregnant uterus. From this fact it may be learned that the excitability of the sympathetic nerve is increased, not only in the motor fibres but also in the depressor. 4. Bombelon and secacornin produce a stimulative effect on a pregnant uterus owing to the stimulation of the muscle. Such action from these drugs is not seen in a nonpregnant uterus. This fact shows us that the excitability of the uterine muscle is heightened during pregnancy and that this increased excitability is greater in the uterin muscle than that shown in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurakamiKensuke en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name=村上憲佑 kn-aut-sei=村上 kn-aut-mei=憲佑 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=44 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=2353 end-page=2366 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1932 dt-pub=19320930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Pharmacological Studies on the Human Fallopian Tube kn-title=人類輸卵管ノ藥理學的研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In the previous papers K. Murakami, one of the authors published the results of his pharmacological researches on human uterus and Lig. teres uteri. The present paper deals with the similar studies on the human Fallopian tube. Human isolated tube produces rhythmical automatism by means of Magnus' method. The automatism of this organ is more frequent but somewhat irregular as compared with those of the uterus or the round ligament of uterus. The tube with its peritoneal cover manifests more irregular automatism than a denuded one, and its peritoneal layer alone produces automatism too. Uterine end of the tube shows more marked automatism than its ovarian end. Ovarial cyst or myoma of uterus do not interfere with the automatism of the Fallopian tube of respective individuals so affected, but careinoma of uterus causes decreased automatism of tube. The difference of ages in patient between 16 and 59 years shows no influence on automatism of this organ, and the Status of wether multiparous or nulliparous has no factor in this respect. Adrenalin in low concentration manifests a stimulative action on the tube, while in high concentration it produces stimulative effect in most cases, but sometimes depressive action. This fact suggests us that the sympathetic nerve of this organ has both motor and inhibitory functions. A smoll dose of pilocarpin produces a stimulative action on the tube. The same reaction is recognized in the experiment with acetylcholin. So, it is clearly understood that the parasympathetic nerve in this organ is motor in its function. But pilocarpin in high concentration stimulate the sympathetic inhibitor while acetylcholin in high concentration paralyzes the muscle of the tube, both causing the depressing effect on the automatism of the organ. Physostigmin manifests stimulative effect on the human tube, acting mainly on its muscle. Its action on the parasympathetic nerve can hardly be proved. Atropin shows very inconsistent effect on the tube, but in low concentration, it paralizes parasympathetic nerve, while motor sympathetic nerve is affected by its moderately concentrated solution. Pituitrin acts as inhibitory on the tube by affecting the inhibitory sympathetic nerve. Secacornin in low concentration manifests stimulative action on the tube by affecting muscle, while in high concentration, it causes the depression of automatism by acting on inhibitory fibre of the sympathetic nerve. Barium affects the muscle of the tube and stimulative action is recognized. As it has been mentioned above, actions of adrenalin, pilocarpin, acetylcholin, physostigmin, atropin and barium on the human tube do not vary from the some on the uterus and round ligament, while pituitrin and secacornin show somewhat different actions on those organs. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurakamiKensuke en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name=村上憲佑 kn-aut-sei=村上 kn-aut-mei=憲佑 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KinoshitaMasayuki en-aut-sei=Kinoshita en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name=木下正之 kn-aut-sei=木下 kn-aut-mei=正之 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=46 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=2037 end-page=2066 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1934 dt-pub=19340831 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effects of Insecticide and Water Plants on Mosquito Development kn-title=防蟲劑竝ニ水藻類ノ蚊(幼蟲蛹)ノ發生發育ニ對スル影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author made comparative studies of the effects of different kinds of oil, insecticide, and disinfectant on the development of mosquito larvae or chrysalises. He found from the experiments that the effects of oil increase in proportion to the thickness of the oil sheet on the water, that the effects of insecticide or disinfectant depend upon the concentration of the medical solution, and that, if subjected to insecticide and disinfectant, the chrysalis has stronger resistance than the larva, but that, on the contrary, the chrysalis has the weaker resistance when exposed to oil. He further established the fact that the light and the heavy oils, which were hitherto generally used, are relatively cheap and moreover the most effective expellants among the many tested. He showed also that it is very difficult to exterminate with oil the innumerable developed larvae and chrysalises in drains in summer, but that oil is very effective in destroying those larvae which pass the winter. Therefore he maintained that the extermination of larvae and chrysalises is to be carried on in winter. Next he experimented concerning the effects on mosquito development of the following eight species of water plants: 1) Potamogeton oxyphyllus, Miq. 2) Potamogeton crispus, L. 3) Hydrilla verticillata, Casp. var. Roxburghii, Casp. 4) Trapa natans, L. var. bispinosa, Makino. 5) Lemna paucicostata, Hegelm. 6) Spirendera polyrhiza, Schleid. 7) Hydrocharis asiatika, Miq. 8) Potamogeton Polygonifoius, pourr. The experiments clearly indicate that these species have a marked effect on the development of the mosquito. In his research as to the cause of this effect, the water plants in the dark room had no effect on the development of the larva; it began to decay, and no further work could be undertaken. This single experiment, in connection with other works, would indicate that the larvicidal action of the water plants is associated with the excessive production of oxygen caused by photosynthetic activity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YasuharaSetutaro en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Setutaro kn-aut-name=安原節太郎 kn-aut-sei=安原 kn-aut-mei=節太郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學衛生學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=833 end-page=930 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1936 dt-pub=19360430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Experimental Electrocardiographic and Histologic Study on the Heart in the acute peritonitis and about the Effect of Bleeding upon the Electrocardiogram kn-title=急性腹膜炎ノ心臟ニ及ボス影響特ニEKG及ビ組織學的變化ニ就テ(實驗的研究)附. 出血トEKGトノ關係 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The literature on the influence of acute peritonitis upon the heart is very rare, and especially the investigation of this subject by electrocardiography is only published by Steinberg so far, whose description is not clear enough and not sufficient. Attempting to examine experimentally the changes of the heart due to acute peritonitis during the whole course from its beginn to the end, the author took the electrocardiogram changing all the time during the life period of the experimentally diseased dog by bacterious infection or artificial perforation. Bacterious infected acute peritonitis were produced by streptococcus haemolyticus, coli bacillus, Fraenkel's bacillus and mixed strains of all these kinds, and artificial perforation was performed in different dogs in stomach, ileum, jejumum and colon to ploduce acute perforated peritonitis. The careful studies comparing the changes of the electrocardiogram, clinical symptoms, postmortem findings, histological changes and bacteriological features revealed the following fact. As a preparatory experiment the statistic investigation of the electrocardiogram of 31 dogs which were employed to the research was made and proved difficult to define the typical form of the graph. The end wave T of the electrocardiogram varied complicatedly and in spite of various explanations given experimentally and theoretically by many writers the definite meaning of the alteration in the T wave of the electrocardiogram is not still decided. Investigating in healthy dogs the alteration in the T wave related to the depression of the bloodpressure caused by the haemorrhage from carotid, femoral and internal mammary artery and also from femoral vein, and on the other hand to the elevation of the bloodpressure due to the injections of Locke's solution, adrenalin and other cardiacs, the author revealed an important relationship i.e. the elevation of the bloodpressure caused a depression in the T wave, and the lowering of the bloodpressure made T wave enlarged. In the pathological heart this relation was not evident. Standing the systolic period of the heart and the number of pulse in geometrical relation, the increase of the latter causes the shortening of the former. Finding the average value of both factors in the electrocardiogram in 22 healthy dogs the author found a parabora shown in the following formula; A=139.57 P-0.374236 A is the systolic period, P is the nomber of pulse. In the same way the relationship between the period of heart beat (B) and the systolic period (A) was shown in the next formula; A=4.5167 B0.373227 Considering the error between the calculated value by these formulae and the measured value, the maxinum error should be 0.09 second. Therefore the greater difference than 0.09 second between the measured and calculated values means pathological heart conditions. The average life duration in the dogs suffered from acute experimental peritonitis due to bacterious infection was about 32 hours concerning with only lethal ending animals. Although in most of cases by Fraenkel's bacillus only death did not occur, the mixed infections by Fraenkel's bacillus and other germs showed a serious condition. The average life duration in the dogs produced acute experimental perforated peritonitis in them was 24.5 hours which was much shorter than in the former group, and another evidence was that no case of complete recovery was recorded, nevertheless among the former group some of cases were recovered. Among the perforated peritonitis in various parts the animal of the perforation in stomach died in the earliest stadium, and in jejunum in the latest, in ileum and in colon between them. In the bacteriological examination of the ascites in the perforated peritonitis Fraenkel's bacillus was found in all cases, coli bacillus in most of cases. In some cases of the short life duration after the ouset of the disease Fraenkel's bacillus was only recognized, on the contrary in cases of long life duration after the onset of the disease streptococcus was discovered most frequently, Speaking only about the perforated peritonitis the prognosis does not appear to depend on the sort of bacillus of abdominal infection, but on the site of the perforation.In most cases of streptococcus infection very quick weakness caused by malignant diarrhoea was observed, and in spite of the relative long life duration the features in abdominal cavity were malignant, and the heart was affected seriously showing endocarditis in some, destruction of the muscles of heart and karyolysis in the other, and subsequently the findings in the electrocardiogram suggested these changes of the heart.In some cases the irritant condition was seen after the onset of the disease, but there was no relationship to the prognosis and the findings in the heart.As the result of the postmortem findings, the. presence of gas, the character of the ascites and the changes of the parenchymatous organs did not show any. parallel relation to the physiological and anatomical changes of the heart, i.e. in cases of high grade affection in abdominal cavity only slight changes in the heart were recognised. In seven cases, 30 per cent of the peritonitis affected animals the changes in thoracic cavity especially in the lobe of the lung; congestion of the lobe, pneumonia and gangrene of the lung were detected, and in seven cases, 30 per cent, the congestion of the coronal artery was found in high grade, but not always parallel to the changes in the lobe of the lung, but speaking generally the changes of pleura and the lobes of the lung in high grade accompany the heart disorder. The heart of the animals of the infection of Fraenkel's bacillus and of short life duration after the onset of disease showed systolic stoppage. but the heart of mixed infected animals and of those which continued the serious condition in long period showed diastolic stoppage. In a case accompanied by serious pneumonia, the right ventricle in the diastolic stoppage and systolic stoppage of the left ventricle were observed.As the result of the investigation of the electrocardiogram in acute peritonitis the following facts should be noticed.P wave shows temporary enlargement, specially in cases of the haemorrhagic peritonitis the changes are most significant. In the animals of prolonged life duration and of weakness in high grade P becomes smaller and some times shows diphasic and inverted at times, but there was no parallelism to the pathological changes of the heart. In cases of abnormal prolongation of the auriculoventriclar transmission of stimulus could not find any histological changes of the heart.When the swelling of the abdominal cavity, the upwards compression of diaphragm and the dislocation of the heart to the left side by the accumulation of gas and ascites in the abdominal cavity and also by the paralysis and distension of the digestive tract were observed after the onset of peritonitis, the principal ventricular waves Q R S show laevogram very frequently, but not so often before death. Laevogram was observed in cases of the congestion of the coronal artery in high grade, and in cases of the pathological changes of the lobes of the lung or pleura laevogram was seen in many occasions.After the onset of peritonitis cases of the depression of S T line increased gradually and became 52% of cases before death, and even in cases of nondepression, non-typical form was observed. In most cases of the depression of S T line the heart showed diastolic stoppage, and the destruction of the muscles of the heart, and karyolysis were detected and sometimes occurred endocarditis,The granuler mitochondria was stained thin in various size and irregular arrangement. It is understood that the depression of the S T line or non-typical form represents the weakness of the heart or the cardiac diseases.After the onset of peritonitis T rises always temporarily and shows a large normal type as the depression of the bloodpressure, and when the animals died in the early stadium by the acute haemorrhagic peritonitis the electrocardiogram resembles to that of the animals before death by loss of blood. But when the animals lived long time and the weakness of the heart increased gradually, T became smaller and sometimes showed an inversion or diphasic. Coronal T was observed in cases of high grade changes of the heart accompanying pericarditis, pneumonia or gangrene of the lung as a complication or in pregnant cases.Investigating the influonce of peritonitis upon the time of the transmission of stimulus by the resistration of the curve and the comparison of the measured values to the calculated values, the author recognized that the time of the auriculoventriclar transmission of stimulus and the systolic period of ventricles were shortened together, as the progress of peritonitis, but when the changes of the heart increased in high grade, showed evident prol ongation of the time and greater value than maximum error.When pneumonia appeared, Sm enlarged greatly and Tn, m showed large normal type and at the same time the depression of S T line proved significant, and it was proved that the socalled dominance of the left ventricle or laevogram appeared similarly in the complication of peritonitis with pneumonia as well as in oases of simple pneumonia. But in one of the peritonitis affected animals suffered from the gangrene of the left lung, empyema and pericarditis as complications dextrogram was experienced. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiraideShozo en-aut-sei=Hiraide en-aut-mei=Shozo kn-aut-name=平井出正三 kn-aut-sei=平井出 kn-aut-mei=正三 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學津田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=47 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=338 end-page=351 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1935 dt-pub=19350228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Excitability and of its Influencing Physico-chemical Factors kn-title=興奮性ト夫レヲ支配スル物理化學的條件 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Nerve fibres have two properties, excitability and conductivity. These properties are characterised, accompanied by, and perhaps actually due to, electrical changes. As to the excitation of nerve fibres by electrical stimulation, Nernst put forward the hypothesis that electrical excitation depended on an electrolytic concentration of ions at membranes impermeable to them. On the other hand, recently Lapicque came to the conclusion that there are intimate relations between excitability of living tissues and the duration. and strength of the stimulating current, formulated the law of chronaxie, which as may be stated as follows; the chronaxie may be defined as the shortest duration of twice the rheobasic strength (galvanic threshold) which will produce stimulation. According to him the chronaxie of a tissue is a definite measure of its excitability, since in that time a current of twice the rheobasic strength is to able to produce those physico-chemical alterations which determine excitation. The author performed investigations for the purpose of examining these two opinions upon the excitation of nerve, using a nerve model of Hermann's type, modified for this purpose and nerves of different animals (sciatics of frog and of toad, vagus of tortoise). Especially precise determinations were made on the relations between some physico-chemical conditions and these influences upon the excitation of nerve fibres. From the results obtained the following may be concluded. 1) If a galvanic current of known strength and of know duration be passed through a nerve model, filled with electrolytic solution, the polarisation potential developed through the current, dimiuishes as the viscosity of the solution increases. 2) It is ascertained that there is a definite relation between chronaxie and polarisation of nerve fibres, i.e. the polarisation potential developed in nerve fibres, through the passage of a galvanic current of known strength and of known duration, is higher in the more excitable nerve with shorter chronaxie than the less excitable one with longer chronaxie. 3) The nerve model of larger calibre has a shorter chronaxie and a lower rheobase than that of smaller calibre. This fact may be considered due to their having different capacities and resistances for electricity, according as their calibres are larger or smaller. 4) The chronaxie of the nerve model is longer when it is measured in electrolytic solution than when it is measured in the air. It increases to a certain extent as the ionic concentration of the solution increases, until the ionic dissociation reaches its maximum. 5) The influence of electrolytic solution upon the increase of both the chronaxie and rheobase of nerve model varies inversely with calibre of the nerve model. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KosakaHisasi en-aut-sei=Kosaka en-aut-mei=Hisasi kn-aut-name=小坂壽 kn-aut-sei=小坂 kn-aut-mei=壽 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2143 end-page=2148 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1937 dt-pub=19371130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=More Facts about Antidromic Action kn-title=逆流作用(Antidromic action)ニ對スル知見補遺 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author made experiments to find out wheter the dilation of blood-vessels of a frog's webs is really due to the antidromic action or not when mustard oil is applied to the N. ischiadicus of the amphibian. The results are as follows: 1. Cut the N. ischiadicus at the central part before it unites with the R. communicans, making the nerve fall into degeneration, and then apply mustard oil to it, and you will see that the blood-vessels contracts. 2. Cut R. communicans, making it fall into degeneration, and then apply mustard oil to the nerve, and you will see that the blood-vessels dilates. From the above stated facts, it is plain that the dilation of the blood-vessels of a frog's webs is due to the antidromic action. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawamuraKeniti en-aut-sei=Kawamura en-aut-mei=Keniti kn-aut-name=河村謙一 kn-aut-sei=河村 kn-aut-mei=謙一 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=635 end-page=642 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1937 dt-pub=19370331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=About the Epidemic of a Kind of Feveric Jaundice occurred in some Parts of Okayama City during the later Summer 1935 kn-title=昭和10年晩夏岡山市地方ニ流行シタルー熱性黄疸病ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=There occurred an epidemic of a kind of feveric jaundice in some parts of Okayama City and its vicinity from the later part of Summer till early autumn 1935. As we had never learned such an outbreak of such an epidemic in these districts, we wished to make it clear. We have studied it under the guidance of Prof. M. Suzuki and our study as a whole resulted as follows: 1) To our regret, we could not succeed in isolating the causal agent. This may be we think, for when we set about the study, the epidemic had already come to its closing period. 2) The clinical symptoms of this disease, we observed, were quite identical with those of the Sakushu fever. 3) And as the serological tests we examined the Pfeiffers phenomenon test and the agglomeration reaction on 12 cases and obtained: 7 positive reaction with Akiyami repto. type A. 3 positive reaction with Akiyami repto. type B. these 10 negative reaction with repto. ict. haemorrha. and the rest 2 of 12 cases gave negative reaction with any of these reptospiras. 4) We cannot yet dare to describe clearly from the epidemiological point of view why such a prevalence of this disease broke out in 1935, but it might be regarded as remarkable facts to indicate some relationship between the great inundation and the epidemic that the infected locality was visited by a disastrous inundation in the preceding year, that the upper course district of the flooded river Asahi was known as the region influenced by the Sakushu fever, and that the infected parts of Okayama City borders the suburbs where a great number of the rats, regarded as the mediators of the Sakushu fever are living, etc. You will have still more reports after our further study in the future. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurakamiS. en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=S. kn-aut-name=村上榮 kn-aut-sei=村上 kn-aut-mei=榮 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MikiY. en-aut-sei=Miki en-aut-mei=Y. kn-aut-name=三木行治 kn-aut-sei=三木 kn-aut-mei=行治 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeT. en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=T. kn-aut-name=阿部高知 kn-aut-sei=阿部 kn-aut-mei=高知 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學細菌學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=2135 end-page=2149 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1938 dt-pub=19381130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the change of Vitamin C content in the Suprarenal Gland of Guinea-pig, suffering from acute diffuse peritonitis kn-title=海?急性化膿性汎發性腹膜炎ニ於ケル副腎含有「アスコルビン酸」量ノ變化 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Our knowledge concerning vitamin C has made remarkable progress recently. On the other hand, in the surgical domain, especially in case of acute peritonitis, known as one of the prineipal surgical disease, we have very little or no literature on this subject at home and abroad. So the author performed the following experiments witn regard to the hourly change of vitamin C content in the suprarenal gland of guinea-pigs, suffering from acute peritonitis through artificial infection of bac. coli. For the quantitative determination of vitamin C, strict care was taken to avoid harmful factors, which make the results uncertain, eg. only male guinea-pigs (400-500) were used, and the "methylenblue method" after Martini and Bonsignore was adopted, which Ammon and Hinsberg had recommended. As a control, he took preliminary experiments on the effect of starvation to the vitamin C content and confirmed that it diminished as in the case of scurvy. Then in the case of acute peritonitis, this decrease was much more pronounced than that of both former cases. At the same time, he measured variations of the weight of this organ and confirmed that vitamin C was relatively richer in the smaller organ of normal animal and that the vitamin C content and the weight of the organ were in inversed proportion in some cases of peritonitis. Also he observed that the organ of guinea-pigs was generally larger in the left side than in the right. From the fact that the vitamin C content in the suprarenal gland of guinea-pigs, though it diminished as the time passes through starvation, showed a remarkable decrease in the case of peritonitis, it may be concluded that there exists an intimate relation between the inflammation and vitamin C, so far as other conditions are constant. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyagiTeruo en-aut-sei=Miyagi en-aut-mei=Teruo kn-aut-name=宮木輝夫 kn-aut-sei=宮木 kn-aut-mei=輝夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學津田外科教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1373 end-page=1384 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1938 dt-pub=19380731 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On tne anaerobic metabolism of the Ascaris lumbricoides kn-title=蛔蟲ノ新陳代謝ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Since E. Weinland had carried out the experiment on the anaerobic metabolism of intestinal worms, it has been regarded that its source of energy owed to the fermentative breakdown of glycogen to CO2 and avolatile fatty acid, probably valerianic acid. On the other hand, Adam and O. Harnisch, etc. certified its oxidative mechanism in its body. I have made an experiment to see if its metabolism is fermentative or not and how its products of metabolism may be influenced when monoiodo-acetic acid will be circumfused in its medium, and compare with its results in case of earthworms. The results obtained are as follows. 1) A. lumbricoides in opened vessel which contains 0.9% Ringer's solution at 38°C in the thermostat survive for 2-9 days long, but most of them for 5-6 days. 2) In the vessel of same solution, shut from air, the Worms 2 hours later an average its oxygen intake is 0.060mg. by 1 hour and 1g., CO(2) output 0.312mg., and its respiratory quotient is 3.3. And 18-20 houurs later O(2) intake decreases to 0.0158mg. and CO(2). output 0.125mg. Its respiratory quotient is 5.9. 3) In the vessel which filled with 0.9% Ringer's solution made from underground water which contains about 3-4cc. of O(2) in 100cc., the worms could not longer survive than 4 days. The gasmetabolism in the vessel shows O(2) intake by 1 hour and 1g. 0.002mg. and its respiratory quotient 3.7. 4) Through the bubbling of H(2)-gas in this solution its O(2)-content was reduced to 1.062cc. per L., the worms output CO(2) extraordinary large in spite of its O(2)-intake 0.00176mg., its respiratory quotient 161. 5) In 0.01% M.I.A.-Ringer's solution the worms 2 hours later O(2)-intake 0.063mg., CO(2)-output 0.378 mg. and its respiratory quotient 3.6. 15-20hours later, its O(2)-intake and CO(2)-output reduced to 0.0074 and 0.087mg respectively. Its respiratory quotient 6.1. 6) When these results compared with those of earthworms, CO(2)-output is always greater than earthworms in spite of similar amounts of O(2)-intake. O(2)-intake does not influenced by M.L.A. From these facts, it seems the metabolism in anaerobic life of A. lumbricoides owes much more to fermentative breakdown of glycogen than in case of earthworms, by which oxidation plays some part of metabolism. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyazimaTadasi en-aut-sei=Miyazima en-aut-mei=Tadasi kn-aut-name=宮島忠 kn-aut-sei=宮島 kn-aut-mei=忠 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=50 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=1235 end-page=1248 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1938 dt-pub=19380630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the anaerobic Metabolisms of earthworm kn-title=蚯蚓ノ新陳代謝ニ就テ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1. In the vessel which completely filled with common water and shut from air, the earthworm during 2 hours shows an average O(2)-intake of 0.07109mg. and CO(2)-output of 0.16449mg. per hour and per g. of bodyweight. The respiratory quotients are always above 1. Twenty hours later O2-intake decreases to 0.02365mg. and CO(2)-output to 0.06099mg. per hour and g. These facts indicate that the worms exhale cabon dioxide more than the amount which formed by oxidation during the same time. A. fermentative production of CO(2) in the body is Plausible. 2. In 0.01% monoiodo-acetic acid solution the worms take 0 05208mg. of oxygen and put out 0.2786mg. of carbon dioxide per hour and g. of bodyweight. Twenty hours later O(2)-intake sunk to 0 02036mg. CO(2)-output to 0.04845mg. It seems to take place in the tissues of earthworms some degree of oxidative processes in addition to fermentation. 3. During 11 hours in nitrogen atmosphare glycogen-content of the tissue of earthworm decreases from 1.217g. to 0.353g. per 100g. of earthworms. 4. The worms staying in the medium of 0.01% mouoiodo-acetic acid solution during 7.4 hours decrease their glycogen-contents to 0.228g. per 100g. of worms. 5. On normal worms 16 hours in nitrogen, I found 2.9cc. of valerie acid per hour and 100g. of worms; on the worms poisoned with monoiodo-acetic acid 4.32cc. per hour and 100g. of worms. 6. From (3) aud (4), it makes probable that the source of energy in anaerobic life of worms owes to the breakdown of glycogen into CO(2) and fatty acid, and one part to the oxidation of glycogen. 7. As another supporting fact I Gan point out that the blood of earthworms has coloured blood which contained haemoglobin. From these facts we can conclude that the life of earthworm is not absolute anaerobic but facultative. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyazimaTadasi en-aut-sei=Miyazima en-aut-mei=Tadasi kn-aut-name=宮島忠 kn-aut-sei=宮島 kn-aut-mei=忠 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=54 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=468 end-page=478 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1942 dt-pub=19420331 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=A research on the influence of the low pressure to the number of erythrocytes in the blood vessel of ear of rabbit kn-title=低壓ガ家兎耳朶血管ノ赤血球數ニ及ボス影響ニ就テノ研究 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author has carried out some observations about rabbits at 450mmHg pressure in low pressure chamber and has obtained the following results. 1) The number of red corpuscles in the peripheral blood vessel increases 7-20% per cubic millimeter. 2) The haemoglobinvalue also increases with the red corpuscle but the former is a little fewer than the latter. 3) The body temperature expresses no remarkable change. 4) The capillary blood vessel of ear increases the width of, it. 5) The following fact is experimentaly proved at normal pressure that the number of red corpuscles in thicker blood vessel is greater than that in smaller blood vessel. 6) The spleen which is fined outside the abdomen contract at low barometric and oxygen pressure. For some days after spleen extirpation, the increase of red corpuscles at low pressure is not to be seen or very slight but on 49th day red corpuscles increase under low pressure as much as normal rabbit. 7) Injektion of pilocarpin. into vein increases the number of red corpuscles, and injektion of adrenalin and atropin decreases of it. From the above mentioned facts the auther recognized as principal cause the change of distribution of red corpuscles following the dilatation of peripheral blood vessels under low pressure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamuraYosiyuki en-aut-sei=Okamura en-aut-mei=Yosiyuki kn-aut-name=岡村好幸 kn-aut-sei=岡村 kn-aut-mei=好幸 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山醫科大學生理學教室 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=55 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=489 end-page=494 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1943 dt-pub=19430430 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=On the Influence of Adrenaline upon the Methylenblue Reduction of Frog's Muscle, especially its Relation to pH, and the Values of pli of Some Organs of the Rabbit kn-title=蛙筋ノ「メチレン青」還元作用ニ及ボス「アドレナリン」ノ影響特ニ其ノpHトノ關係竝ニ家兎ノ2, 3臟器ノpH en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Radsma and Tjhan have recently reported that the influence of adrenaline upon the methylenblue reducing action of frog's muscle was reversed at certain pH, Under the supposition that blood vessels are dilated or constricted through the action of adrenaline may be due to the influence of pH of the tissues, the author measured the pH of some organs of rabbits and investigated at the same time on the relation between the effect of adrenaline to the methylenblue reducing action of frog's muscle under several value of pH. Assumption was not fully realised, but an unexpected new fact was obtained, which may be described as follows: 1) Adrenaline accelerated the methylenblue reducing action of frog's muscle at about pH 7.4, but on either side of this pH the action of adrenaline was diminished gradually, until it was reversed at pH 6.1 or 9.0. 2) The extracts of cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and lung of the rabbit with 1% common salt solution show similarily faint acid reaction, lying between pH 6.0-6.9. pH lues may be classified as follows: Cardiac muscle 5.412} =2%. It is thus verified that the cases of hyperacidity predominate over those of anacidity-hypacidity in winter, while the relation is reverse in summer. As was mentioned above, the tendency is obvious that the acidity of gastric juice decreases in summer and increases in winter. It was found that there is a regular seasonal variation in gastric acidity. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MorinagaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Morinaga en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=森永寛 kn-aut-sei=森永 kn-aut-mei=寛 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学放射能泉研究所内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=30 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1962 dt-pub=19620425 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effect of Radioactive Hot Spring Baths on Leukocyte Functions (Wandering Velocity and Carbon-Particle Phagocytic Ability) kn-title=白血球機能（遊走速度並に墨粒貪喰能）より見た温泉浴の作用について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The author studied the influence of a series of radioactive hot-spring baths, lasting 20 or 30 days, upon leukocyte functions in healthy male rabbits and in patients with rhenmatoid arthritis and other diseases. The radioactive hot springs used were "Hisui-no-Yu" and "Kenkyusho-sen" (the laboratory spring), both in Misasa Spa, the chemical compositions of which are deseribed in Table 1. The following results were obtained: 1) Wandering velocity of pseudo-neutrophilic leukocytes: When a series of plain water baths (41℃., for 5 minutes daily), were administered, velocity increased after the first bathing but later remained fairly constant, compared with initial levels, except for a temporary fall on the 9th day (Fig. 3). During the administration of a series of the weakly radioactive "Kenkyushosen" baths (43℃., for 5 minutes daily), it showed a slight increase during the first week, following a temporary fall after the first bathing, and a decrease during the third week, but it tended to return to the initial level by the forth week (Fig. 1). In the course of a series of the radioactive ?Hisui-no-Yu" baths (40℃., for 10 minutes daily), it increased during the first week and tended to decrease during the second week, but returned to the initial level by the third week (Fig. 2). 2) Phagocytic ability for carbon-particles of pseudo-neutrophic leukocytes in rabbits: When plain water baths were given, phagocytic ability showed a rise on the third day, after which it declined to the initial level and remained fairly constant to the end of the observation period (Fig. 6.). On the other hand, the phagocytic ability of the leukocytes in rabbits of the groups receiving radioactive hot-spring baths increased more and more markedly as serial bathing was continued, although it had slightly decreased immediately after the first bathing. The rise of phagocytic ability in the group bathed in "Kenkyusho-sen" was especially marked on the third and ninth days of serial bathing, and also on the tenth day after serial bathing had been discontinued (Fig. 4). This tendency was also observed in the group bathed in "Hisui-no-Yu", whose phagocytic ability was noticeable especially on the third and 14th days. The degree of the rise in phagocytic ability was demonstrably high in this group than in the former (Fig. 5). Acceleration of the phagocytic function of leukocytes in rabbits was observed up to the 40th day after the series of baths in the radioactive hot spring had been concluded. 3) From these findings. it is obvious that leukocyte function is increased by repeated bathing, but it should be kept in mind that a so-called dissociation phenomenon is present between the wandering velocity and the carbon-phagocytic ability of leukocytes in the groups bathed in hot springs: namely, wandering velocity showed a tendency to decline during the third week, while carbon particle phagocytic ability showed a marked increase during the same week. 4) In order to explore the effects of a series of radioactive hot-spring baths on leukocyte functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or other similar diseases (for example, back pain, fibrositis or neuritis), the author examined the wandering velocity and the phagocytic ability of neutrophils, and obtained the following results: The wandering velocity of neutrophils in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or similar diseases generally showed a tendency to increase during the adminlstration of a series of the radioactive "Kenkyusho-sen" baths at a temperature of 42〜43℃. (Fig. 7). The carbon-particle phagocytic ability of neutrophils gradually increase from about the seventh day onward and reached a maximum during the second week, in patients with back pain, fibrositis and neuritis (Fig. 8a). In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, however, it declined temporarily on the fifth to seventh days in 3 out of 5 patients but thereafter increased gradually, reaching its maximum on the 20th day (Fig. 8b). Thus, the leukocyte functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are accelerated by serial bathing, but the response in some patients may be a decline of carbon-particle phagocytic ability during the first week. This is probably due to the stress bathing imposes on adrenocortical functions. It is believed, on the basis of the facts described above, that follow-up examinations of leucocyte functions can afford a better understanding of the effects of radioactive hot springs on the defence mechanisms operative in living bodies. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=InoueMasakatsu en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Masakatsu kn-aut-name=井上正勝 kn-aut-sei=井上 kn-aut-mei=正勝 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学温泉研究所内科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=70 cd-vols= no-issue=23 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1997 dt-pub=19972 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy studies of two isomers of Ce@C82 on Si(111)-(7×7）surfaces en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Scanning tunneling microscopy images for two isomers of Ce@C-82 were observed on Si(111)-(7x7) at 295 K. The Ce@C-82 molecules in the first layer were bound to the Si surfaces, and the motions were frozen even at 295 K. The multilayer of the Ce@C-82 isomer I (Ce@C-82-I) produced a close-packed structure in the surface layer by annealing the Si substrate at 473 K. The distance between the nearest-neighboring molecules was 1.15(4) nm whose value was consistent with that, 1.12 nm, estimated from x-ray diffraction of the Ce@C-82-I crystals. This implies that the close-packed structure is dominated by van der Waals forces, as in crystals of Ce@C-82-I. The internal structure of Ce@C-82-I was observed in the first layer due to a freeze of molecular motion caused by strong interactions between the molecule and the Si adatoms in the surface. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy revealed that the energy gaps for Ce@C-82-I and -II in the first layer opened to gap energies, E-g of 0.7 and 1.0 eV, respectively. This fact suggests that these molecules are semiconductors with smaller value of E-g than those for C-60 and C-70.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujikiSatoshi en-aut-sei=Fujiki en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubozonoYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Kubozono en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=RikiishiYoshie en-aut-sei=Rikiishi en-aut-mei=Yoshie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UrisuTsuneo en-aut-sei=Urisu en-aut-mei=Tsuneo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate University for Advanced Studies affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Science and Technology Agency affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate University for Advanced Studies en-keyword=electronic-structure kn-keyword=electronic-structure en-keyword=endohedral metallofullerenes kn-keyword=endohedral metallofullerenes en-keyword=microscopy kn-keyword=microscopy en-keyword=lanthanum kn-keyword=lanthanum en-keyword=crystal kn-keyword=crystal en-keyword=anion kn-keyword=anion en-keyword=films kn-keyword=films END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=122 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=20050215 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=On the thermodynamic stability and structural transition of clathrate hydrates en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Gas mixtures of methane and ethane form structure II clathrate hydrates despite the fact that each of pure methane and pure ethane gases forms the structure I hydrate. Optimization of the interaction potential parameters for methane and ethane is attempted so as to reproduce the dissociation pressures of each simple hydrate containing either methane or ethane alone. An account for the structural transitions between type I and type II hydrates upon changing the mole fraction of the gas mixture is given on the basis of the van der Waals and Platteeuw theory with these optimized potentials. Cage occupancies of the two kinds of hydrates are also calculated as functions of the mole fraction at the dissociation pressure and at a fixed pressure well above the dissociation pressure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KoyamaYuji en-aut-sei=Koyama en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaHideki en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KogaKenichiro en-aut-sei=Koga en-aut-mei=Kenichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University en-keyword=STRUCTURE-II kn-keyword=STRUCTURE-II en-keyword=POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS kn-keyword=POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS en-keyword=ETHANE kn-keyword=ETHANE en-keyword=METHANE kn-keyword=METHANE en-keyword=GAS kn-keyword=GAS en-keyword=MOLECULES kn-keyword=MOLECULES en-keyword=MIXTURES kn-keyword=MIXTURES en-keyword=PROPANE kn-keyword=PROPANE en-keyword=WATER kn-keyword=WATER END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=55 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20080314 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Modelling the dynamics and control of Schistosoma japonicum transmission on Bohol island, the Philippines en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

We have investigated a mathematical model for the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in the infested region of northeastern Bohol island in the Philippines. The development of transmission models is important for planning control strategies. Since S. japonicum has a complicated mode of transmission, the rates of transmission among its hosts cannot be measured directly by field observation. Instead, they have been estimated through model analysis. The model takes into account the seasonal variations and includes a function of control measures. In 1981, a project to eliminate schistosomiasis started on Bohol island. The prevalence decreased dramatically and has kept low level less than 1%. The simulations based on the model predicted that there is little probability of resurgence of an epidemic in the northeastem endemic villages of Bohol island due to the fact that the project has attained a high coverage of selective mass treatment based oil stool examination accompanied by a successful snail control operation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=IshikawaHirofumi en-aut-sei=Ishikawa en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhmaeHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohmae en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=PangilinanRogelio en-aut-sei=Pangilinan en-aut-mei=Rogelio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=RedullaApolinario en-aut-sei=Redulla en-aut-mei=Apolinario kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsudaHajime en-aut-sei=Matsuda en-aut-mei=Hajime kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=National Institute of Infectious Diseases affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Schistosomiasis Control Team affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Schistosomiasis Control Team affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Dokkyo University School of Medicine en-keyword=schistosomiasis japonica kn-keyword=schistosomiasis japonica en-keyword=control kn-keyword=control en-keyword=mathematical model kn-keyword=mathematical model en-keyword=Philippines kn-keyword=Philippines en-keyword=Bohol kn-keyword=Bohol END