Springer Singapore Acta Medica Okayama 16129059 16 3 2019 Change in tongue pressure and the related factors after esophagectomy: a short-term, longitudinal study. 300 308 EN Aya Yokoi Department of Preventive DentistryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Daisuke Ekuni Department of Preventive DentistryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Reiko Yamanaka Division of Hospital Dentistry, Central Clinical DepartmentOkayama University Hospital Hironobu Hata Department of Dentistry and Oral SurgeryNational Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center Yasuhiro Shirakawa Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Manabu Morita Department of Preventive DentistryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is a prominent symptom after esophagectomy and may cause aspiration pneumonia. Swallowing evaluation after esophagectomy can predict and help control the incidence of postoperative pneumonia. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the change in tongue pressure was associated with any related factor and postoperative dysphagia/pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer after esophagectomy. METHODS: Fifty-nine inpatients (41 males and 18 females; 33-77 years old) who underwent esophagectomy participated in this study. Measurement of tongue pressure and the repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) was performed before esophagectomy (baseline) and at 2 weeks postoperatively. The general data were collected from patients' medical records, including sex, age, type of cancer, cancer stage, location of cancer, operative approach, history of previous chemotherapy, surgical duration, amount of bleeding during surgery, incidences of postoperative complications, intubation period, period between surgery and initiation of oral alimentation, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, blood chemical analysis, and lifestyle. RESULTS: Tongue pressure decreased significantly after esophagectomy (p = 0.011). The decrease of tongue pressure was significantly associated with length of ICU stay and preoperative tongue pressure on multiple regression analysis (p < 0.05). The decrease of tongue pressure in the RSST < 3 or postoperative pneumonia (+) group was significantly greater than in the RSST ≥ 3 (p = 0.003) or pneumonia (-) group (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in tongue pressure was significantly associated with the length of ICU stay, preoperative tongue pressure, and the incidence of dysphagia and pneumonia among inpatient after esophagectomy. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Springer Singapore Acta Medica Okayama 0251-4184 40 3 2015 Classification of the Linearly Reductive Finite Subgroup Schemes of SL2 527 534 EN Mitsuyasu Hashimoto Department of Mathematics, Okayama University We classify the linearly reductive finite subgroup schemes G of SL2=SL(V) over an algebraically closed field k of positive characteristic, up to conjugation. As a corollary, we prove that such G is in one-to-one correspondence with an isomorphism class of two-dimensional F-rational Gorenstein complete local rings with the coefficient field k by the correspondence G↦((SymV)G) ˆ. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.