InTech Acta Medica Okayama 2016 Bioethics and the Experiences of Hansen�fs Disease Survivors 69 105 EN Mariko Kondo Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University. Kazuo Mori National Hansen�fs Disease Sanatorium Residents�f Council, National Sanatorium Oshima-Seisho-en Hiroshi Nomura National Hansen�fs Disease Sanatorium Residents�f Council, National Sanatorium Oshima-Seisho-en Hanako Kadowaki National Sanatorium Oshima-Seisho-en Makiko Watanabe National Sanatorium Oshima-Seisho-en Akemi Doi National Sanatorium Oshima-Seisho-en Sayaka Shima Yodogawa Christian Hospital Historically, Hansen�fs disease patients suffered from discrimination because their physical features changed due to the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) and made them �gugly�h in the eyes of society. Former Japanese governments saw them as a national disgrace and forced them to reside in leprosaria. Since the law requiring isolation continued after the silver bullet was developed, survivors could not leave the leprosaria and return to society. Currently, survivors�f average age is 82 and they live in 13 national sanatoriums. When they pass away, the history of Hansen�fs disease in Japan will end, so we must record their experiences. We conducted qualitative and inductive studies with survivors. In this chapter, we reconstruct them from the perspective of bioethics and propose several theories surrounding them: (1) How former leprosaria and medical administrations in Japan threatened bioethical principles; (2) the wisdom of aging survivors, who lived through extreme situations, and what real restoration of their rights might look like; and (3) the ethical dilemmas of how we will care for the survivors�\who have multiple severe sequelae�\until they all pass away. Finally, we will intro No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

InTech Acta Medica Okayama 2012 Use of Silicone Elastomer-Based Microfluidic Devices and Systems in Reproductive Technologies 243 262 EN Koji Matsuura Keiji Naruse No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.