Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama2189-01029442025Effects of Intermittent Low-temperature Storage Duration and Cycle on the Bolting and Flowering of Delphinium elatum in Summer522529ENMikaKawaiGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityMiwaFukuyasuGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityYoshikuniKitamuraGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityEarly-bolting in summer is a major problem when growing delphinium seedlings in summer to produce cut flowers that will be shipped in autumn and winter. In this study, an intermittent low-temperature storage (ILTS) treatment that induces flower bud differentiation in strawberry and prevents rosette formation in Eustoma significantly increased the Delphinium elatum cut flower length. Moreover, ILTS was as effective as growing seedlings under cool conditions at preventing early-bolting. We analyzed the effects of six ILTS treatments that differed regarding the treatment temperature (5 and 10°C) and treatment cycle (3 days/3 days, 6 days/6 days, and 12 days/12 days; ambient conditions/cool and dark). Cut flowers were significantly longer with the 6 days/6 days treatment at 10°C than for the control treatment. Furthermore, repeating the ILTS treatment cycle (6 days ambient conditions/6 days at 10°C) a total of four times produced high-quality cut flowers regardless of the cultivar. Therefore, this ILTS treatment may be ideal for preventing early-bolting in D. elatum.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama2189-01029412025Development of an AI-based Image Analysis System to Calculate the Visit Duration of a Green Blow Fly on a Strawberry Flower6472ENHirokiTaniguchiGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYukiTsukudaSchool of Agriculture Okayama UniversityKoMotokiGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityPollinator insects are required to pollinate flowers in the production of some fruits and vegetables, and strawberries fall into this category. However, the function of pollinators has not been clarified by quantitative metrics such as the duration of pollinator visits needed by flowers. Due to the long activity time of pollinators (approximately 10-h), it is not easy to observe the visitation characteristics manually. Therefore, we developed software for evaluating pollinator performance using two types of artificial intelligence (AI), YOLOv4, which is an object detection AI, and VGG16, which is an image classifier AI. In this study, we used Phaenicia sericata Meigen (green blow fly) as the strawberry pollinator. The software program can automatically estimate the visit duration of a fly on a flower from video clips. First, the position of the flower is identified using YOLO, and the identified location is cropped. Next, the cropped image is classified by VGG16 to determine if the fly is on the flower. Finally, the results are saved in CSV and HTML format. The program processed 10 h of video (collected from 07:00 h to 17:00 h) taken under actual growing conditions to estimate the visit durations of flies on flowers. The recognition accuracy was approximately 97%, with an average difference of 550 s. The software was run on a small computer board (the Jetson Nano), indicating that it can easily be used without a complicated AI configuration. This means that the software can be used immediately by distributing pre-configured disk images. When the software was run on the Jetson Nano, it took approximately 11 min to estimate one day of 2-h video. It is therefore clear that the visit duration of a fly on a flower can be estimated much faster than by manually checking videos. Furthermore, this system can estimate the visit durations of pollinators to other flowers by changing the YOLO and VGG16 model files.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama2189-01029342024Elucidation of Low-temperature Regulated Flavone Synthesis in Dahlia Variabilis and its Effects on Flower Color335343ENEdnaK. MuthamiaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKojiNaitoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityHiromasaOkadaFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityYukinoKarasawaFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityTokuyuKikumuraFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityTakuyaNaraFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityYasunoriHamauzuFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityKoMotokiGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshikuniKitamuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityDahlia (Dahlia variabilis) flower colors are diverse and are determined by the accumulation of flavonoids. Cultivars with dark red flowers accumulate more anthocyanins in their petals. Flower color changes such as color fading often occur in some cultivars. In this study, low minimum temperature regulated flower color fading and flavonoid synthesis in dahlia ‘Nessho’ were investigated. The pigment contents and expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis genes were investigated in detail under several growing environments in which color fading occurs. Flavones accumulate more in color-faded orange flowers than in dark red ray florets. The expression analysis of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway genes indicated that the upregulation of flavone synthase (DvFNS) gene expression correlated with the high accumulation of flavones in color-faded petals. DvFNS expression was also detected in young leaves, and the expression level was higher in winter than in summer. Seasonal changes in DvFNS expression in young leaves significantly correlated with color fading in petals. The change in DvFNS expression in young unexpanded leaves of relatively high-sensitive plants was significantly higher than that of low-sensitive plants before and after treatment under inductive conditions. In conclusion, low-temperature-inducible changes in the flavonoid accumulation in petals was suggested to reflect a change in DvFNS expression occurring in the meristem prior to flower bud formation. This temporal DvFNS expression in young unexpanded leaves of ‘Nessho’ dahlia could be an insight for the selection and breeding of non-color fading plants.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551132024Effect of seed cold PEG-priming and subsequent long storage on germination, growth and flowering of Eustoma grandiflorum（Raf.）Shinn ʻExe Lavenderʼ710ENThao ThuPhanGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKeigoFukushimaHiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Technology Research CenterYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityCold wet treatment is frequently applied to Eustoma seeds to enhance the bolting rate of plants grown under high temperatures. Our previous study indicated that cold PEG‒primed Eustoma seeds could maintain their germination rate and bolting rate even after being re‒dried for 30days and grown under high temperatures. The present study aimed to investigate whether prolonged storage after cold PEG‒priming affect the germination, growth, and flowering of Eustoma ‘Exe Lavender’ seedling. Seeds were initially cold‒primed with water or PEG‒6000 at ‒1.5 MPa for 5 weeks at 10°C in the dark and were then subjected to re‒drying and storage for 30, 60, 90 and 360days at 10°C. After 360days of storage, cold PEG‒primed seeds germinated earlier and more effectively than cold hydro‒primed seeds. Compared to the results after 30days of storage, plants grown from 360days exhibited similar bolting rate, days to bolting, bolting node and flowering rate, cut flower length and number of flower node. These results suggest that ‘Exe Lavender’ seeds can germinate and develop well even after 360days of storage and under high temperature conditions when subjected to cold PEG‒6000 treatment.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama2189-01029112022Fasciation in Strawberry Floral Organs and Possible Implications for Floral Transition5867ENNguyenThi CamGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityNaomichiSunagawaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityMihoSesumiGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityYoshikuniKitamuraGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama UniversityFasciation in strawberry is characterized by an enlarged and flattened receptacle, clustering of flowers, and altered inflorescence architecture. However, the developmental process of fasciated flowers remains obscure. In this study, the fasciation incidence and developmental process in the primary fruit and inflorescence architecture were evaluated and compared for the non-susceptible cultivars, ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Sagahonoka’ and one of the most susceptible cultivars, ‘Ai-Berry’. The severity and frequency of flower and inflorescence fasciation was clearly greater in the vigorously growing large plants of ‘Ai-Berry’ compared to small plants and large plants of the other two cultivars. In ‘Ai-Berry’, the deformation of the large shoot apical meristem (SAM) into an oval shape was the initial symptom observed before and during floral transition. Such oval-shaped SAMs often differentiated two or more leaf primordia almost at the same time, which then developed into divided multiple vegetative SAMs before floral transition and linearly-fasciated SAMs during floral transition, respectively. The development of fasciation symptoms was observed after downregulation of FaTFL1. Although inflorescence or receptacle fasciation could be controlled when early and rapid floral induction was achieved by intermittent low-temperature treatment, severe fasciation was observed in late-flowered plants which were either not responsive or not subjected to this treatment. These results indicate that fasciation of floral organs may be triggered and develop during floral transition and that temperature fluctuations around boundary values between floral inhibition to induction may cause a half-finished or slowly processed floral transition and finally result in severe fasciation in vigorously growing ‘Ai-Berry’ plants.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551112022Effect of Re-Drying and Storage after 10°C Wet Treatment on Germination and Growth of Five Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn Cultivars16ENThao Thu PhanGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceKeigo FukushimaHiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Technology Research CenterYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceIn Eustoma (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn) cultivation in southwestern Japan, cold imbibition treatment of seeds is important to accelerate bolting and flowering of seedlings grown in the summer season. In order to facilitate the handling of cold imbibed seeds, re-drying treatment (RDT) after wet treatment at 10°C for 35 days in dark conditions (WT10°C) is considered to be an essential technique. The investigation of five Eustoma cultivars ‘Exe Lavender’, ‘Orb Snow’, ‘Philia Lavender’ , ‘Dure Lavender’ and ‘Exe Light Pink’ was to find the germinability and the growth characteristics of Eustoma when re-drying and storage at 10°C for 30 days were applied immedietely after ending the WT10°C. The results showed that germination and growth responses differed among Eustoma cultivars. RDT seeds and non- RDT seeds of ‘Exe Lavender’, ‘Orb Snow’ and ‘Philia Lavender’ had a similar germination rate. However, germination rate of RDT seeds in ‘Dure Lavender’ and ‘Exe Light Pink’ was lower than that of non-RDT seeds. There was no significant difference in cut-flower quality grown from RDT and non-RDT among ‘Exe Lavender’, ‘Orb Snow’ and ‘Dure Lavender’. However, bolting and flowering rate of RDT in ‘Dure Lavender’ and ‘Exe Light Pink’ were lower than those of non-RDT. This suggested that it might not be useful to apply RDT after the cold-wet treatment of Eustoma seed due to lower germination or bolting rates in some cultivars. Further investigation of cold-wet exposure and dehydrating conditions is required to establish RDT procedures for Eustoma cultivars.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.MDPIActa Medica Okayama1424-822021222021Detection of Lung Cancer Cells in Solutions Using a Terahertz Chemical Microscope7631ENYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityXueDingGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityKoheiIwatsukiGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityKatsuyaTaniizumiGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityHirofumiInoueGraduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityJinWangGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityKenjiSakaiGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityToshihikoKiwaGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityCancer genome analysis has recently attracted attention for personalized cancer treatment. In this treatment, evaluation of the ratio of cancer cells in a specimen tissue is essential for the precise analysis of the genome. Conventionally, the evaluation takes at least two days and depends on the skill of the pathologist. In our group, a terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) was developed to easily and quickly measure the number of cancer cells in a solution. In this study, an antibody was immobilized on a sensing plate using an avidin-biotin reaction to immobilize it for high density and to improve antibody alignment. In addition, as the detected terahertz signals vary depending on the sensitivity of the sensing plate, the sensitivity was evaluated using pH measurement. The result of the cancer cell detection was corrected using the result of pH measurement. These results indicate that a TCM is expected to be an excellent candidate for liquid biopsies in cancer diagnosis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.AIP PublishingActa Medica Okayama2158-32261172021Design and validation of microfluidic parameters of a microfluidic chip using fluid dynamics75224ENFerozAhmedGraduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama UniversityJinWangGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama UniversityKenjiSakaiGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama UniversityToshihikoKiwaGraduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama UniversityThe internal fluidic parameters of microfluidic channels must be analyzed to solve fundamental microfluidic problems, including microscale transport problems involving thermal analysis, chemical reactivity, velocity, pressure drop, etc., for developing good-quality chemical and biological products. Therefore, the characterization and optimization of the interaction of chemical and biological solutions through microfluidic channels are vital for fluid flow design and engineering for quality assurance in microfluidic platforms. As the internal structures and kinetics of microfluidic channels are becoming increasingly complex, experiments involving optimal fluidic and transport designs are challenging to perform with high accuracy. However, highly integrated simulation tools can guide researchers without specialized computational fluid backgrounds to design numerical prototypes of highly integrated devices. In this study, a microfluidic chip with two inlet wells and one outlet well was fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane following which simulations were performed using an ANSYS Fluent tool influenced by computational fluid dynamics at a nearly identical scale. The pressure drop and velocity profiles of the interaction of two pH buffer solutions (pH 4 and 10) through the designed microfluidic chip were qualitatively estimated from experimental data analysis and validated with the simulation results obtained from the CFD-influenced ANSYS Fluent tool.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.The Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama218901028922020Propagation and Floral Induction of Transplant for Forcing Long-term Production of Seasonal Flowering Strawberries in Japan8795ENYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityToshiNishimotoNara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development CenterIn Japan, over 95% of the acreage is covered with plastic to force June-bearing (seasonal flowering, SF) strawberry cultivars to produce fruit from late fall to early summer. During the late 1960s, a forcing technique was developed that advanced flower bud initiation to late summer and prevented the transplants from becoming dormant during winter. This new forcing technique involved nitrogen starvation of nursery plants to induce floral initiation. Until about 1980, strawberry growers in Japan used runner plants produced in waiting beds, but most transplants are now produced in plastic pots under rain shelters to avoid soil-borne diseases. Recently, the use of tray plants produced from hanging runner cuttings has become popular. To induce early floral initiation, the following artificial low temperature (LT) treatments have been established: (1) “Yarei”, a combination of a short day with solar radiation and LT under darkness in cooling facilities (Yarei-ko); (2) “Kaburei”, continuous dark-LT with refrigeration facilities including industrial warehouses; and (3) “Kanketsu-reizo”, intermittent LT storage. An overview of the technologies applied to plant propagation and the control of floral initiation of Japanese SF cultivars is provided in this review.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.The Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama218901028912020Effect of Defoliation on Blossom-end Rot Incidence and Calcium Transport into Fruit of Tomato Cultivars Under Moderate Water Stress2229ENAnnah KhatenjeIndecheGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityThe translocation of calcium (Ca) within the tomato plant and the causes of Ca deficiency, a factor associated with blossom-end rot (BER) in fruit, are still a matter of conjecture. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of defoliation on BER incidence and Ca transport into different size tomato fruit cultivars. Four experiments were conducted. The start and end dates for each experiment were; 14 March–2 May, 22 July–23 August, 30 August–7 October 2017, and 20 May–25 June 2018, for experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Five tomato cultivars including one large (‘Momotaro fight (MF)’, ≥ 200 g), three medium (‘Lui 60 (L60)’, ‘Tio cook (TC)’, and ‘Cindy sweet (CS)’, 30–80 g), and one small (‘Pepe (PP)’, ≤ 20 g) fruit cultivars, respectively, were grown under moderate water stress controlled by a combination of root zone restriction and solar mediated fertigation. Leaf area of plants was reduced by 20–30% by removing alternate leaflets on all leaves. Defoliation significantly reduced BER in all experiments. In experiment 4, no BER was observed in defoliated plants of L60 and PP, and in MF and TC, BER incidence decreased to a quarter of the control. Defoliation increased the fruit growth rate (FGR) in experiment 1, in which the temperature was the lowest, by a ratio of 1.42 and by 1.39 in experiment 4, in which the radiation was strongest and day length longest. Defoliation increased the rate of daily Ca transport into fruit (CTR) in MF, L60, TC, CS, and PP by average ratios of 1.64, 1.55, 1.35, 1.30, and 1.13, respectively. The increase in CTR in defoliated plants was highest in experiment 4 with a ratio of 1.68 followed by 1.37, 1.33, and 1.28 in experiments 1, 3, and 2, respectively. Defoliation increased both FGR and CTR and there were significant linear relationships between them. However, the degree of increase was larger in CTR than that in FGR, especially in the BER-sensitive large fruit cultivar MF, and defoliation increased the total Ca concentration in fruit accordingly. We conclude that under moderate water stress by root zone restriction and certain other BER inductive conditions, defoliation could be a promising approach to reduce BER incidence by improving Ca nutrition in susceptible large fruit cultivars.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742402018序ENYuichiYoshidaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Japanese Society for Horticultural ScienceActa Medica Okayama218901028812019Publication of the first special issue of The Horticulture Journal Preface1ENYuichiYoshidaOkayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551092020Defoliating to 12-15 leaves increases calcium concentration and decreases blossom-end rot incidence in fruit of tomato plant grown under moderate water stress2127ENAnnah Khatenje IndecheGraduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityDaisukeMiyajiField Science CenterTanjuroGotoGraduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate school of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the optimum number of whole leaves to retain on a tomato plant for effective blossom-end rot (BER) management and (ii) explore the relationship between shoot calcium (Ca) and fruit Ca in non-defoliated plants in two different sized fruit cultivars, a large-fruited cultivar ‘Momotaro fight’ and a medium-fruited cultivar ‘Cindy sweet’. Treatments involved maintaining 18, 15 and 12 leaves on a plant. All lateral shoots were removed regularly throughout the growing period except the shoot closest to the flowering truss in the 18-leaf treatment. At the length of 10cm, these shoots were sampled for real time Ca determination using a hand held Ca2+ meter. In the plants defoliated to 18 leaves, BER was higher in ‘Momotaro fight’ at 10% compared to 2% in ‘Cindy sweet’. Fruit growth rate was significantly increased by defoliation in ‘Momotaro fight’, however no significant difference was observed among treatments in ‘Cindy sweet’. Defoliating to 12 leaves increased daily Ca transport rate by 59% and 37% in ‘Momotaro fight’ and ‘Cindy sweet’, respectively. Defoliating to 12 leaves increased the water-soluble Ca concentration in the distal part of fruit by 34% and 14% in ‘Momotaro fight’ and ‘Cindy sweet’, respectively. In the plants defoliated to 18 leaves where only old yellowish leaves were removed, a significant steady decrease was observed in the concentration of water soluble Ca in the distal part of fruit with increase in truss order. There was a significant linear relationship between water-soluble Ca concentration in the distal part of the fruit and Ca concentration in the lateral shoot of plants defoliated to 18 leaves. We conclude that under moderate water stress by root zone restriction and also certain other BER inductive conditions, defoliation to 12–15 leaves on a tomato plant should be a promising approach for decreasing BER incidence in susceptible large fruit cultivars.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551082019B（ホウ素）欠乏処理がイチゴのチップバーンおよび受精不良果発生に及ぼす影響513ENMihoSesumiGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceYuichiYoshidaGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceAkariKinjoGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceKeiHidakaAsahi Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.)TanjuroGotoGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate school of Environmental and Life ScienceBoron (B) is an essential micro element for plants and plays important roles in the synthesis and functions of cell wall. B deficiency has been reported as one of the causes of fruit malformation in strawberries. We investigated the effect of B deficiency on flower and fruit development of forced strawberries for two cropping seasons (2015-2017). In the second season, B was resupplied for B-deficient plants and we investigated changes in fruit development. When B-free nutrient solutions were supplied, tip burn began to occur in newly emerging leaves and calyx 2 to 3 months later, and fruit malformation including seedy or only partly developed fruits with undeveloped achenes occurred frequently. However, these deficient symptoms were quickly disappeared by supplying B containing nutrient solutions. In conclusion, B nutrition is closely related to the occurrence of fruit malformation through fertility of pollen and pistils, and also development of receptacle tissue in strawberries. It should be possible to reduce fruit malformation in strawberries by proper control of B nutrition.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742392017序ENYuichiYoshidaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551062017Variations in capsaicinoid contents in the chili pepper (Capsicum baccatum) and its non-pungent accessions2732ENYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityMotohitoHaraGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityThe chili pepper (Capsicum) is both an important spice and fresh vegetable worldwide. C. baccatum is a lesser known domesticated species that is native to the Andean region. Fruit traits such as color, shape, and pungency markedly vary in this species. C. baccatum has potential as a bioresource for future chili pepper breeding programs. Although extensive studies have been conducted on the pungency of C. annuum, that of C. baccatum has not been examined in as much detail. In the present study, capsaicinoid contents were analyzed in 36 C. baccatum accessions. Capsaicinoid contents ranged between 0 and 4,258 μg/gDW. Furthermore, a negative relationship was observed between capsaicinoid contents and fruit weights. Although the pungency of C. baccatum is regarded as low-mild, very few non-pungent accessions were detected ; only one non-pungent accession (‘Kaleidoscope’) was identified among the C. baccatum accessions examined. In order to validate the stability of non-pungency in the accession, capsaicinoid contents were determined at different harvest dates, along with other accessions with different pungencies. Although capsaicinoid contents in other C. baccatum accessions changed with the picking date, capsaicinoid was not detected in ‘Kaleidoscope’ at any date. The non-pungent accession reported here may be useful for future C. baccatum pepper breeding programs.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551062017処理開始時期がトレイ育苗したイチゴ‘女峰’に対する 間欠冷蔵処理の効果発現に及ぼす影響2125ENAkariKinjoaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityAtsushiHanadaGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama UniversityYuichiYoshidaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityTanjuroGotoGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityKen-ichiroYasubaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityYoshiyukiTanakaGraduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama UniversityAtsukoYoshidaNozomi Farm Co. Intermittent low temperature storage is expected to be a new artificial flower-inducing treatment and becoming to be a practical procedure as it does not require expensive equipment or much energy cost. Tray-grown ‘Nyoho’ plants were placed in a refrigerator (15°C, in the dark) for 3 days and then transferred to a further outdoor shelter for 3 days. Plants were transferred at noon and this cycle was repeated twice (3D/3D). Such 3D/3D treatments were begun on August 22, 25, 28, 31, and September 3and the effectiveness on flowering was determined for 2 years. Both in 2012 and 2013, treatments begun before August 28 were less effective compared to the treatments begun on August 28 or later. Continuous 6 days of 15°C storage (6D) was effective to some extent, but 6D from August 25 was apparently less effective compared to those begun later. Both in intermittent and continuous treatments for ‘Nyoho’, it was confirmed that any flower-inducing effect became relatively small and unstable when the treatments were begun before 28 August in Okayama.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742382016序iiENYuichiYoshidaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742372015間欠冷蔵処理回数がイチゴ‘女峰’の開花に及ぼす影響1720ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742372015挿し苗時期，苗の大きさとクラウンの深さがイチゴ‘さちのか’ の花芽分化と開花に及ぼす影響916ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551032014養液栽培イチゴの生育・収量と果実発育に及ぼすカリウム栄養の影響1119ENYuichiYoshidaToshimasaOhmoriTanjuroGotoYoshiyukiTanakaKenjiMurakami Effect of K nutrition on sugar and organic acid concentration in fruit and yield of strawberry
cultivars (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.; Nyoho, Toyonoka, Sachinoka, Asukarubi, Akihime, Tochiotome,
and Sagahonoka) was investigated. Nutrient solution (NO3 8, NH4 1, P 1, K 4, Ca 2, Mg 1, SO4 1 ; mM)
was modified to contain 0 to 4mM of K by replacing K with Ca and supplied from the beginning of
flowering. K in the drainage decreased to a trace level 3 weeks after the beginning of treatment except
for 4mM‒K solution. Absorption of NO3 apparently decreased in plants supplied 0mM‒K solution, but
little difference was observed among the other 3 solutions. K concentration in petiole decreased linearly
with decrease in K concentration in solutions, but there was little difference between the concentrations
of leaflet of plants supplied with 4 and 2mM‒K solutions. No difference was observed in concentrations
of sugars and organic acids in fruit in primary inflorescence. In the second inflorescence, organic acids
and K concentration in fruit linearly decreased with decrease in K in supplied solutions while sugar
concentration of fruit decreased significantly only in plants supplied 0mM‒K solution. When 0.5 to
4mM‒K solutions were supplied from 2 weeks after planting, marketable fruit yield was smallest in
plants supplied 0.5mM‒K solution followed, by that supplied 1mM‒K solution, and largest in that
supplied with 2mM‒K solution. Almost all K supplied with 2mM‒K solution was absorbed by
strawberry plants and no difference was observed in quality and K concentration of fruit, yield and plant
growth between the plants supplied with 2 and 4mM‒K solutions. It may be suitable to reduce the
concentration of K in nutrient solution by half for substrate production of strawberry.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Acta Medica Okayama間欠冷蔵処理によるイチゴの花芽分化促進−処理技術の理論と実際−「新たな農林水産政策を推進する実用技術開発事業22076間欠冷蔵処理によるイチゴの花芽分化促進技術の確立」研究成果概要（間欠冷蔵処理マニュアル）ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551022013日長，補光強度，遮光時期および最低夜温がシュッコンカスミソウ ‘アルタイル’の形態異常花序発生に及ぼす影響2934ENNorihitoYamaguchiTanjuroGotoKayokoKobikiShokoOtaniYuichiYoshidaAs occurrence of abnormal inflorescence in Gypsophila paniculata ‘Altair’ is caused by environmental conditions, effects of day length, supplemental lighting strength, shading period and minimum night temperature on occurrence of abnormal inflorescence were investigated. Abnormal inflorescence was classified into four types : normal, pattern 1 (Short-flower stalk), pattern 2 (Coalescent two-flower stalk) and pattern 3 (Looping and irregular-flower stalk). Neither of 12h, 16h, 20h or 24h day length by fluorescent lamp, nor 24h by incandescent lamp affected occurrence of abnormal inflorescence. Effects of four levels of light intensity (fluorescent lamp : PPFD 1μmol・m−2・s−1, incandescent lamp : PPFD 3μmol・m−2・s−1, metal halide lamp : PPFD 14μmol・m−2・s−1 and high-pressure sodium lamp : PPFD 48μmol・m−2・s−1) were examined in 16h photoperiod. Occurrence of abnormal inflorescence was not affected by different light intensities, neither was it affected by shading period. Occurrence of abnormal inflorescence at 15°C was however significantly reduced compared to that at 8°C. In particular, patterns 2 and 3 at 15°C were significantly reduced compared to those at 8°C. There was a strong negative correlation between average night temperature from starting the treatment to flower budding (7.1°C, 9.0°C, 9.2°C, 11.6°C and 16.4°C) and incidence of pattern 3 (13.1%, 8.7%, 7.1%, 1.1% and 0.7%). Therefore, as average night temperature increased, occurrence of abnormal inflorescence decreased. The results show that low night temperature may be the main factor inducing occurrence of abnormal inflorescence.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551022013培養液中Ca濃度が根域制限栽培したトマト果実の 水溶性Ca濃度と尻腐れ果発生に及ぼす影響2128ENYuichiYoshidaAyaShingaiMitsuoOoyamaKenjiMurakamiTanjuroGotoThe rate of absorbed Ca to N was less than half of Enshi or Hoagland solution in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) grown with restricted root zone volume in previous experiments. Tomato plants were grown in plastic pots containing 250 or 500ml of peat based medium with modified Enshi solutions containing 1, 2 or 4mM of Ca. The solutions were prepared by replacing a part of Ca(NO3)2・4H2O to NH4NO3. Although Ca concentration was higher than 2mM in drainage collected from plants supplied 1mM Ca solution, absorbed amount of Ca was very small and severe symptom of Ca deficiency was observed. Incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) increased with decrease in Ca concentration of the solution and yield decreased to 50% and 36% of 4mM control, in 2mM and 1mM plots, respectively. Among fractionated Ca in stem of lateral shoot, decrease in water-soluble fraction was remarkable compared to 1N NaCl- or 0.6N HCl-soluble fractions. Tomato plants were then grown with modified solutions containing 1~4mM of Ca and fractionated Ca was determined for distal half of fruits. With decrease in solution Ca, fruit Ca decreased in all fractions, and days to BER incidence after flowering also decreased. Significant relationship was found only between the water-soluble Ca concentration in fruit tissue and rate of BER incidence. Thus water-soluble Ca in tomato fruit may closely relate to BER incidence, and an efficient tool to estimate the potential risk of BER may possibly be developed by determining the Ca fraction in the stem of lateral shoots.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama2186-77551022013培養液濃度と施用量が高CO2濃度条件下で育てたイチゴ‘さがほのか’の生育・収量と果実品質に及ぼす影響1520ENDaichiInazumiYuichiYoshidaTanjuroGotoKenjiMurakamiThe effects of supplied amount and strength of nutrient solution were investigated for strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. cv. Saga-honoka) grown with peat bags in elevated CO2 environment (800-2500 ppm in the day time, November 4 to April 7). Three strengths (L : low-80%, M : standard-100% and H : high-120%) of nutrient solution (N : 8.85, P : 0.85, K : 3.90, Ca : 2.05, Mg : 0.93 mM ; half strength of Ohtsuka A solution) were compared. Around 20% of discharged rate (discharged/supplied amount of nutrient solution) was kept for these 3 plots and 30 to 40% of the rate was kept for additional plot of 80%-solution (L2) by altering the supplied amount of 80%-solution. As almost no nitrate could be detected in drainage of L, nutrient supply was probably insufficient throughout the experiment. Total amount of nitrogen supply was lower than the other 3 plots and leaf area was the smallest after December. Although there was no significant difference in yield and fruit quality, the rate of tip burn affected flowers was lowest in L2 and highest in H. Thus, around 30-40% of drainage rate and 50-60 mS・m−1 of drainage EC may be desirable target values for ‘Saga-honoka’ strawberry grown with peat based substrate.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742332011序iiENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 1002011ピート栽培における培地量と給液制御方法がイチゴの生育と 収量に及ぼす影響1723ENYuichiYoshidaYasuhisaHiroseYukariMorimotoTanjuroGotoEffects of root-zone volume and fertigation frequency on 4 cultivars of substrate-grown strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch., ‘Nyoho’, ‘Asukarubi’, ‘Akihime’ and ‘Tochiotome’) were investigated. Fertigation frequency had no significant effect on growth and yield of strawberry even in the minimum root-zone volume of 0.6L/plant. Total yield, mean berry weight, and root dry weight at end of harvest decreased with decrease in volume, but no significant difference was observed in number of harvested berries and subsequent growth of runners and daughter plants. In the yield and root growth, there were large differences between peat bags (2.25L/plant) and bowl-shaped containers (0.6-1.5L/plant), and highly significant non-linear regressions between the two parameters and the root-zone volume. The differences may be caused by factors other than the volume, such as the shape of root-zone and edge of containers or drain property, and so on.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742322010培養液濃度が根域制限−日射比例給液栽培トマトの生育・収量と果実品質に及ぼす影響1519ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742322010根域制限栽培におけるトマト品種の生育・収量と果実品質914ENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742322010序iiENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 9912010トレイ育苗したイチゴ‘女峰’の花芽分化と開花に及ぼす挿し苗時期と施肥中断時期の影響4953ENYuichiYoshidaYukariMorimotoIn the forcing production of strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch., the use of tray plants grown from cuttings of runner tips is becoming popular with the increase in strawberry production with substrate culture systems, due to their lower cost and ease of plant management compared to conventional pot-grown plants. Effects of the date of runner cutting and the duration of nutrient starvation on flower bud differentiation and flowering of tray grown plants of strawberry 'Nyoho' were investigated. Plants cut on mid or late July and rooted on cell trays performed early and uniform flower bud differentiation and flowering compared to June or August cut plants. When the plants were supplied nutrient solution containing ca. 6 mg-N/plant/week, nutrient starvation from the end of August led to the early and uniform flowering of tray plants, outperforming the earlier or later starvation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742302008序iENYuuichiYoshidaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センターActa Medica Okayama0910-8742312009序iENYuuichiYoshidaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02548811999イチゴ’女峰’花粉稔性の変化と日射量、気温並びに体内炭水化物、無機養分濃度との関係3945ENYuichiYoshidaKeiichiroTanimotoChanges in pollen fertility in forcing strawberry cv. Nyoho(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)were investigated to clarify the factors affecting fruit malformation caused by poor fertilization which occurs with plant dwarfing and yeild decreace in February to March .Pollen were sampled from 15 greenhouses of strawberry growers,and relationships between pollen germination and climatic factors,mineral and carbohydrate concentration in leaves were analyzed.Pollen fertility decreased in January and February with decrease in
light intensity and outside air temprerature,and increace in
fruit load.It was suggested that the occurrence of fruit malfomation may be mainly caused by the decrease in pollen fetillity. There were highly significant relationships between the pollen fertility and light intensity in 1 to 3
days before anthesis,minimum outside air temperature on the day of anthesis,and carbohyrates,P,K and Ca concentration in the leaves.No constant relationship could be found between polln fertility and leaf N concentration.Pollen fertility at the beginning of harvest for second inflorescence(January)was
improved with CO2 enrichment.These results indicate that the poor pollen development may result from the shortage of photosynthate caused by low light and fruit load.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02549212003日射比例給液制御によってビート栽培したイチゴ’女峰’の生育，収量と養水分吸収3137ENYuichiYoshidaKeisukeNakaiNutrient and water uptake, growth and yield of strawberry (Fagaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Nyoho) grown in peat-based substrate with contralled fertigation corresponding to solar radiation (SR) were composed with that of time-scheduled fertigation (TS). Amount of nutrient solution for each treatment was changed seasonally to keep the amount of drainage as 30-50ml/plant/day. The amount of each fertigation (y, ml/plant; 4 times a day) was automatically controlled with the following equation in SR; y= (24x + 17.5) c, where x: comulative solar radiation after the previous fertigation (kW ・hr/m2) and c:0.7-2.0 (factor changed seasonally according to the aomunt of drainage), while the amount was set as 24.6 -77.6ml/plant (4 times a day) in TS. There was little difference between the two fertigation systems in growth, yield and the amount of absorbed nutrients. However, nutrients and water were absorbed more efficiently and nutrients were discharged with drainage less in SR than in TS. Relationship between water consumption and solar radiation varied seasonally, in which the slope of the regression was larger in April and May compared to before March. EC value of the drainage increased to 1.5 times or more of applied solution when the amount of drainage was small, but the EC and concentration of nutrients in the drainage varied little when discharge rate (amount of drainage / supplied solution) was larger than 15% or drainage was more than 30ml/plant/day. When strawberries are grown with substrate, optimum value of the discharge rate may be 15 to 20%. To maintain this value, the factors of a controlling device for solar-mediated fertigation should be changed in a timely manner depending on the seasonal changes in evapotranspiration rate affected by leaf area of plants and/or environmental conditions in a greenhouse.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02549212003セル培地に必要な散水量と植物体の大きさの関係2730ENTanjuroGotoYuichiYoshidaIn order to clarify the problems with overhead irrigation systems for cell transplant production, uniformity of water supply by a boom spraying system was investigated. Furthermore, uneven water soaking into individual cell medium caused by plant cover growing in such cells was investigated. The amount of water supply from a boom spraying system varied considerable with the arrangement of the nozzles. Although a larger number of nozzles was set on the boom, the maximum amount of supplied water in the central part of the boom was about twice as much as that at each end of the boom. When no plant was grown in the cells, uniform water supply to individual cell mudium was obtained by a downright sprinkler system. However, when stock (Matthiola incana R. Br.) plants were grown in cells, variation in the amount of water soaking into the medium increased noticeably with increase in the plant size growing in the cells and with a decrease in the amount of supplied water. Plant covers with overlapped leaves may disturb the uniformity in the amount of water soaked into individual cell medium. As twice the water consumption may be required for uniform water supply into individual cell medium with an overhead irrigation system, a subirrigation system may be desirable for economical and ecological automatic irrigation to produce cell transplants on a large scale.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 9612007根域容量と日射比例給液制御による給液量がトマトの生育・収量と果実品質に及ぼす影響3742ENYuichiYoshidaTaikiMatsunoAyaShingaiTanjuroGoto Plant growth and fruit development of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. House Momotaro) grown in different sized plastic pots (root zone volume, RZV, of 250, 500, 1,000 mL/plant) in combination with high or low rate of drip fertigation (HF and LF) were investigated. In the February-sown experiment, the plants were fertigated with standard to half strength of Ohtsuka-A solution in proportion
to solar radiation keeping the ratio of drainage to supplied solution as 10 to 20ｵ, in 500mL- and 250mL-RZV for HF and LF, respectively. Stem and leaf growth decreased with decrease in RZV and the fertigation rate. The decreases were not significant in the distal plant part lower than the 4th inflorescence. The average fruit weight was greater in HF than LF and increased with increase in RZV only for
HF. The incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) was more frequent in HF compared to LF and increased with increase in RZV only for LF. Consequently, fruit yield increased with increase in RZV for HF, but it decreased with increase in RZV for LF. Total soluble solid content (TSS) was significantly higher in
LF than in HF and increased with decrease in RZV. Qualified fruits, called ‘fruit tomato’ having 8ｵ of TSS or higher, were obtained with 250 to 500mL of RZV in the successive October-sown experiment where the standard solution was supplied throughout. For ‘fruit tomato’ production with a substrate culture system, root zone restriction, in combination with solar-mediated fertigation control, can be a
useful and stable stress factor, reducing shoot and fruit growth, but inducing fruit sugar accumulation and reducing BER incidence simultaneously.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02549512006Mutagenesis in Gynomonoecious Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants and Selection of Low Oxalate Variants2128ENNaokiHataKenjiMurakamiYuichiYoshidaMasaharuMasudaAtsushiTanakaNaoyaShikazonoYoshihiroHaseThis study was conducted to evalute mutagenesis in gynomonoecious spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants for inducing low oxalate variants.Gamma-ray and ion beams of 220 MeV12C5+ and 50MeV 4He2+ ware used as mutagen in seed irradiation. Optimum dosages for irradiation were determined to be about 100Gy, 15-20Gy and 150-200Gy in gamma-ray, 12C5+ and 4He2+, respectively. In M2 generation, there was one line segregating albino seedlings, one line segregating xantha seedlings and two lines segregating dioesious spinach. To save on labor and time for analysis, selection of low oxalate variants in M2generation was conducted by a two-step selebtion which consisted of the first snalysis of bulked leaves from 2 plants as one specimen followed by the second analysis of selected individual plants. In the first analysis of 813 specimens, we selected 13 specimens as low and 9 specimens as high in oxalate content. In the second analysus, there was consistency in the distribution of low and high oxalate content corresponding to the first screening, indicating that selebtion of low oxalate variants could be achived by this two-step selebtion with half the labor and time for analysis as compares to non-bulked method. There were no clear differences in distribution of oxalate content between M3progenies of plants selected as low or high oxalate content, suggesting that the low oxalate content in plants isolated in M2generation was not of a genetic origin. From these results, it seems to be necessary to explore a variant with obvious deviation from the bontinuous variation of oxalate content in the M 2 generation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.