岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 55 3 2024 Adam Smith’s Support for Big Government: Evolution of his Views on Government from Lectures on Jurisprudence to The Wealth of Nations 25 31 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/66734 Adam Smith has advocated laissez-faire: however, many of Smith’s interpreters have pointed out that Smith discusses several exceptions to laissez-faire. Most of the important exceptions are not in Lectures on Jurisprudence (LJ); rather, they first appear in The Wealth of Nations (WN). These references seem to reflect a conscious shift in Smith’s policy principle from laissez-faire with small government to state intervention under big government. To compare small government with big, i.e. laissez-faire with government intervention, we must historically distinguish between two types of government intervention. The older type predated laissez-faire and included feudal governments, absolute governments and mercantilism, whereas the newer type includes various primitive forms of modern social or welfare states.<br> 　Smith’s primary purpose in LJ is to criticise the older type of big government. In WN, he criticises the older big government in Books I, III and IV and promotes a newer type of government intervention in Books II and V, particularly regarding three important fields. First, he proposes regulating banking and financial markets in Book II of WN. Second, in contrast to LJ, where he gave little attention to public works and institutions, he considers them among the government’s three major duties in Book V of WN. Third, Smith drastically changes his views on taxation. He argues that they should be as light as possible in LJ, but in Book V of WN, he insists on increasing land taxes and abolishing taxes on necessaries; he also recommends introducing progressive taxes and abolishing regressive ones to achieve income redistribution.<br> 　This paper considers the shifts in Smith’s position from endorsing the laissez-faire role of government in LJ to promoting government intervention in WN, particularly regarding financial regulation, public works and institutions and taxation. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 52 3 2021 スミスは富の原因がいくつあると考えたか ―『法学講義』行政論と『国富論』の理論構成の比較― 15 29 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/61450 スミスの主著のフルタイトルは『諸国民の富の性質と諸原因の研究』であり，かれが富の諸原因の考察を自著の中心主題としていたことは明らかである。しかしスミスが何を富の原因と考えたか，そもそも富の原因がいくつあると考えたかについては，これまで十分に明確にされていない。本稿は『国富論』の母体となった『法学講義』（Bノート）の行政論と『国富論』の理論構成を比較考察することを通じて，『法学講義』行政論で論じられている富裕の５原因が『国富論』第１〜５編の各編に継承されたことを明らかにする。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 2433-4146 51 2-3 2020 平等と分配的正義の基礎概念再考 : 賃金・保険・税・社会保障の制度との関連で 107 122 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/58074 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 48 1 2016 プラトン平等論の発展 ―『国家』から『法律』へ― 1 13 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/54472 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 47 3 2016 ホッブズにおける近代的平等論の成立 ―アリストテレス批判から黄金律へ― 47 63 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/54159 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 47 2 2016 ホッブズ『リヴァイアサン』の第２自然法は何を意味するのか 81 93 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/54145 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科 Acta Medica Okayama 1880-8476 10 2013 中国における日本語教育と経済格差―南京市4大学の比較調査から― 1 10 EN Xiangyu Lin Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/49547 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 17 3-4 1986 初期労働価値論と「不変の価値尺度」問題―ウィリアム・ペティとフランクリン― 413 432 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/42075 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 19 3-4 1988 アダム・スミスの初期正義論―「アンダソン・ノート」の検討― 327 347 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/42001 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 19 1 1987 リカードのスミス価値論批判 75 101 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/41969 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 25 3 1994 貨幣起源論の系譜―アリストテレスからスミスまで― 257 278 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/41761 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 30 3 1999 アダム･スミスにおける公正と効率 183 196 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/41552 This paper examined whether Adam Smith thought equity and efficiency were compatible or incompatible in the civilized society. In terms of thi$ issue this paper considered the relationship between sympathy and utility in Theory of Moral Sentiments, that between inequality and opulence in Draft of Wealth of Nations, and that between liberty and wealth in Wealth of Nations. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 32 4 2001 スミスのステュアート信用論批判 161 174 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/41480 This paper considered why and how Adam Smith criticized James Steuart's theory of Banking. In Lectures on Jurisprudence Adam Smith had a quite optimistic view about the stableness of banking system. But after the financial crisis in Scotland in 1760s and 1770s, especially the bankrupt of the Ayr Bank in 1772, Smith changed his early optimistic view of banking system. In Wealth of Nations Smith criticized Steuart's theory of banking, because Smith thought that its influence might be one of the major causes of the bankrupt of the Ayr Bank and the financial crisis in Scotland in 1772. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 35 2 2003 アダム・スミスにおけるケインズ的問題―総需要不足と金融不安定性をめぐって― 27 35 EN Satoshi Niimura 10.18926/OER/40585 一般にケインズの対極に位置すると考えられているアダム・スミスは，総需要不足と金融不安定性の問題をめぐって，現代の新古典派よりもむしろケインズやケインズ派に近い考え方をしていた。スミスはステュアートのように金融・財政政策を通じた総需要拡大を主張しなかったが，そのことはスミスが総需要の問題を考慮しなかったことを意味するわけではない。スミスは，重商主義政策の撤廃による自由で効率的な資本と労働の配分が，労働需要の増加と賃金の上昇を通じて大衆的消費需要を拡大し，さらに自由貿易政策による貿易の拡大も総需要を拡大すると考えていた。またスミスは，エア銀行の破綻処理の経験を通じて金融市場の不安定性を認識し，金融システムの安定化のためには銀行の自由競争だけでは不十分であって，政府による一定の法的規制と銀行の企業モラルの改革が必要であると考えるようになったのである。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.