BMFH Press Acta Medica Okayama 21866953 39 3 2020 Oral administration of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-55 modulates the immunological parameters of the laying hen inoculated with a Newcastle disease virus-based live attenuated vaccine 117 122 EN Dung Thi Ho Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Toshimitsu Hatabu Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Yosuke Sunada Research & Development, Ohayo Dairy Products Co., Ltd. Yasuhiro Kondo Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Probiotic supplements containing living bacteria have attracted interest as a potential source of health benefits for humans and livestock. The aim of this study was to determine whether administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-55 (LaL-55) enhances the immune response among chicks exposed to a Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based live attenuated vaccine. Oral administration of LaL-55 augmented the elevation in the total numbers of leukocytes and lymphocytes following inoculation with the NDV-based live attenuated vaccine. Monocyte counts increased after LaL-55 administration independent of inoculation with the NDV vaccine. Among chicks that were administered LaL-55, there was a dose-dependent increase in the NK cell activity measured by a 51Cr release assay at 2 weeks after the secondary NDV vaccine inoculation. Two weeks after the secondary inoculation with the NDV vaccine, interferon (IFN)-γ-mRNA expression was significantly elevated in mononuclear splenocytes from chicks that were administered LaL-55. Meanwhile, LaL-55 administration did not change the mRNA levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and interleukin-1β. These results may suggest that coadministration of LaL-55 with an NDV vaccine augments the immune response against the virus. Therefore, LaL-55 may help protect against viral diseases in poultry. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan Acta Medica Okayama 0918-6158 43 3 2020 Daily Meal Supplemented with Astaxanthin-Enriched Yolk Has Mitigative Effects against Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats 404 408 EN Toshimitsu Hatabu Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University Takumi Harada Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Yuri Takao Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Ho Thi Dung Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University Akihiro Yamasato K.I Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Tatsuya Horiuchi K.I Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Atsuya Mochizuki K.I Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Yasuhiro Kondo Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of egg yolk powder enriched with astaxanthin (ASX-E) on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to verify the benefits of ASX-E as a functional food. To investigate the antihypertensive effect, SHR were fed with an ASX-E mixed diet before hypertension development. Blood pressures were determined periodically during the study by the tail-cuff method. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized, and their thoracic aortas were collected to determine vascular conductance. The thoracic aorta tension was measured with a force displacement transducer. Concentration-dependent response relationships were determined by cumulative addition of 10−9–10−4 M Carbamoylcholine (Cch). Blood pressures of the SHR in the ASX-E mixed diet group were ASX-dose-dependently lower than that of those in the control group. In SHR fed with an ASX-E mixed diet, Cch induced vasorelaxation in the thoracic aorta with endothelium lining but not without endothelium. However, the antihypertensive effect of ASX-E was not observed on blood pressures in SHR that were fed with ASX-E only after the development of hypertension. Results suggest that ASX-E protects endothelial function and thereby prevents the development of hypertension. Hence, the results of our research indicate that daily consumption of ASX-E has a potential benefit on human health. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 2186-7755 102 2013 ニワトリのリンパ球造成と性ステロイドホルモン 43 51 EN Yasuhiro Kondo Lymphocytes play essential roles as a kind of leukocyte in the defense mechanism of animals against infectious factors. Lymphocytes are classified into two subsets, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in mammals or avian species. In avian species, T lymphocytes differentiate and proliferate in the thymus which is a central lymphoid organ common to mammalians and avian species, whereas on the other hand, B lymphocytes have been known to occur in the bursa of Fabricius (bursa) which is a unique central lymphoid organ of birds. Steroid hormones, such as androgen and estrogen, have been reported to change differentiations and proliferations of these lymphocytes in corresponding lymphoid organs, indicating steroid hormones give influence lymphocyte development positively or negatively in the bursa and thymus of birds. Studying the relation between steroid hormones and lymphocyte development in the central lymphoid organs is important, because changes in the lymphocyte genesis in central organs of birds may result in altered levels of antibody production and immune functions related to T lymphocyte activity. We have studied effects of androgen and estrogen on lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation in the central lymphoid organs of chicken at Okayama University since the 1980s. In the present report, the results of these studies are summarized. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Okayama University Medical School Acta Medica Okayama 0386-300X 57 1 2003 Enhancement of norepinephrine-induced transient contraction in aortic smooth muscle of diabetic mice. 45 48 EN Asaki Abe Chiaki Kawasoe Yasuhiro Kondo Katsunori Sato Article 10.18926/AMO/32840 <p>Changes in norepinephrine-induced transient contractions in Ca2+-deficient solution were investigated in the aortic smooth muscles of diabetic ALS (alloxan-induced diabetes susceptible) mice. The transient contractions in diabetic mice were significantly larger than those in normal mice. The longer incubation of the muscle preparations in Ca2+-deficient solution made the transient contractions smaller, probably due to the leakage and decrease in norepinephrine-releasable stored Ca2+. The rate of this reduction in contraction was slower in diabetic mice. These results suggest that the leakage of intracellular stored Ca2+ caused by extracellular Ca2+ deficiency is attenuated in diabetic mice, contributing to enhanced norepinephrine-induced transient contractions.</p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254　 98 1 2009 低アレルギー発症性が言及されている鶏卵の機能特性に関する動物実験 31 37 EN Kumiko Nagato Asaki Abe Kiyoaki Narabara Yasuhiro Kondo Functional features concerned with low proallergic natures were examined using an allergy-inducible rat strain (Brown Norway rat; BN rat) on hen's eggs which have been empirically mentioned as hypoallergenic for patients suffering from food allergies (experimental eggs). BN rats were fed on feed containing whole experimental eggs (feed E) and whole normal eggs (control feed, feed C). The densities of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-positive cells, have reported to be IgE-bearing mast cells, in the jejunum and ileum of BN rats fed on experimental-egg-containing feed were lower than those of BN rats fed on normal-egg-containing feed. The number of blood eosinophils was also lower in BN rats fed on feed E. Serum IgE levels were no different between BN rats fed on feed E and feed C. These results indicate that the low proallergic nature of hen's eggs studied in the present study is due to the dereased ability of experimental eggs to facilitate the proliferation and induction of mast cells in the intestinal tissue. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 85 1 1996 東南アジア諸国の牛の日本の牛による改良の試み 59 62 EN Hiroshi Wada Kazue Tanaka Shiroh Okushima Yasuhiro Kondo Yasuo Kawamoto L.A. Lantug J.B. Marangkey The Project was designed to improve the performance of cattle in Southeast Asia, using Japanese Cattle, Frozen semen of the Japanese Brown breed of cattle was send by air to Manado, North sulawesi, lndonesia. The frozen semen was inseminated to P. O. (Peranakan Ongole) cow. A female hybrid (F1) was produced after duration of pregnancy of 289 days. This is the first hybrid of cattle between Japanese Brown breed cattle and Peranakan Ongole in lndonesia. We call F1 of crossbreed of Ongole with Japanese Brown breed cattle, Jabragole. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 93 1 2004 コレステロール負荷によって発症したニワトリ胸部大動脈と冠状動脈における動脈硬化症 45 49 EN Yasuhiro Kondo Sachika Honjo Kazumasa Ohtsuki Asaki Abe Hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia have been important in human health as factors that induce atherosclerotic lesions in brain and heart blood vessel. Various experimental studies have been done to prevent and treat atherosclerotic lesions in animals. In the present study, we assessed the suitability of chickens as experimental animal for atherosclerosis. Newly hatched chicks were fed on 1.0%-or 0.1%-cholesterol(CHO) containing feed. After 3 and 6 months, total cholesterol levels in the sera and histological changes in the aorta and coronary artery of chicks fed on 1.0%-CHO-containing feed for 3 and 6 months, intimal thickening and marked accumulation of foam cells were observed. Endothelial cells had disappeared in the aorta of these chicks. A slight accumulation of foam cells was observed in the aortic intima of chicks fed on 0.1%-CHO-containing feed. In the coronary artery, a remarkable thickening of intima with accumulation of foam cells and a marked stenosis of coronary space were observed in chicks fed on 1.0%-CHO-containing feed. The results of present study indicate that the chicken can be a useful experimental animal in the study of hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254　 96 1 2007 Role of the Surface IgM-Inducing Factor in Development of B Lymphocytes in Chicken Embryonic Bursa of Fabricius 55 58 EN Song Han Asaki Abe Kiyoaki Narahara Yasuhiro Kondo 　The bursa of Fabricius plays essential roles in the establishment of immune functions of avian species as a primary site for differentiation and proliferation of B lymphocytes. The bursa of chick embryos is colonized by lymphoid cell precursors only between the days 7th of embryogenesis (E7) and E14. Susceptibility to the sIgM-inducing factor may fluctuate in bursal lymphoid cells during the lymphoid precursor cell-receptive period. In the present study, the dynamic changes in the sIgM-positive ratio and responsiveness to sIgM-inducing factor were examined in lymphoid cells sampled from the bursa during the B precursor cell-receptive period (E10 to E13) and findings suggest that responsiveness to sIgM-inducing factor varies with the development of the chick embryos. E11 is suggested to be a critical stage of B-lymphocytegenesis in the bursa of chick embryos. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 77 1 1991 緑葉カロテノイドのニワトリ卵黄への選択的移行とその機構 1 8 EN Shigeaki Takagi Hiroyuki Nakano Yoshinobu Kimura Yasuhiro Kondo Akira Tanabe ニワトリにおける緑葉カロテノイドの吸収と体組織分布について部分的に明らかにするとともに,とくに卵黄へのルテインの集中選択的蓄積に関する知見を得た. 投与した緑葉カロテノイド各々のみかけ吸収率は50〜65%とカロテノイドによる差は認められないが,卵黄への蓄積量及び蓄積率はキサントフィルが高く,なかでもルテインはそのみかけ吸収量の25%が卵黄に蓄積している.これに対し,β−カロチンはみかけ吸収量のわずか0.6%しか蓄積せず,卵黄全カロテノイドに占める割合もルテインの約85%に対し1%である. 3日間の短期投与による緑葉カロテノイドの肝,卵巣,血液への正味蓄積量において,ルテインは肝よりも卵巣に6倍以上の速度で蓄積するのに対し,他のキサントフィル及びβ−カロテンは肝に多く蓄積する傾向がある.このことは緑葉カロテノイドのうちルテインがとくに卵黄に蓄積しやすいことを示すものである。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 70 1 1987 ドバト集団におけるクラミジア抗体保有率 19 22 EN Yasuhiro Kondo Kaori Tosa Akira Tanabe Koji Soto 名古屋市内及び周辺の3地区(市街地,住宅地及び近郊農村地区)並びに東京の1地区(繁華街)の計4ドバト集団について,クラミジア(CF)抗体保有状況を陽性率と抗体力価の面から調査した.1984年に採取した集団別の材料では,抗体力価は住宅地や農村部よりも市街地で高い傾向にあったが,陽性率においては集団間の差は小さかった.名古屋市街地における1984年から1986年の3年間にわたる調査では,陽性率は急激に上昇していることが明らかとなった.以上の結果について,今までの報告と比較検討した。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 64 1 1984 ニワトリ胚におけるリンパ球の膜特異抗原と膜表面Igの発生と成長に伴う変動 53 59 EN Yasuhiro Kondo Toshio Ariyasu Akira Tanabe Tooru Toriumi 鶏の胚の胸腺,BF及び脾臓中のT+リンパ球,B+リンパ球,sIg+リンパ球及びsIgM+リンパ球の比率の加齢に伴う変化を経時的に追求した. 胸腺では,胚齢11日目にT+リンパ球及びB+リンパ球が,胚齢12日目にｓIg+リンパ球及びsIgM+リンパ球が発生した. 一方BFでは,胚齢10日目にT+リンパ球が,胚齢11日目にB+リンパ球,sIg+リンパ球及びsIgM+リンパ球が発生した. 胸腺では,胚齢15日目からT+リンパ球の比率が,一方BFでは胚齢17日目からB+リンパ球の比率が急激に上昇することから,この時点より真の分化が始まると考えられる. BFでは,ｓIg+リンパ球及びsIgM+リンパ球が胚齢11日目に発生してから胚齢16日目まで,ほぼ同じ値で推移していることから,胚齢16日目までBリンパ球のsIgはIgMのみであると考えられる. BFでは,胚齢16日目以降,sIg+リンパ球の比率がsIgM+リンパ球の比率を大幅に上回ることから,胚齢16日目前後に,Bリンパ球のsIgでは,IgMから他のクラスのlgへの転換(スイッチ)が始まると考えられる。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 63 1 1983 ニワトリの免疫機能に及ぼす飢餓の影響 I.液性免疫機能に及ぼす影響 27 33 EN Yasuhiro Kondo Yoshihiro Taniguchi Akira Tanabe Tooru Toriumi 隔日絶食による長期間の飢餓状態におけるニワトリヒナのGRBC及びBAに対する抗体産生能力を調べることにより,液性免疫機能に及ぼす飢餓の影響について試験した. 本試験において得られた結果は以下のようである. (1)絶食期間中,ヒナの体重増加はまったく認められず,強度の飢餓状態にあると思われた. (2)飢餓状態にあるヒナでは,抗GRBC,抗BA共に抗体価が上昇する傾向が示された. (3)血中のγ−グロブリン総量及び産生された抗体中のIgM比率については,対照との間に差が認められなかった. (4)飢餓状態のヒナにより産生される抗GRBC抗体の半減期は,対照に比べ有意に長いことが示された. 以上の結果から,長期にわたる飢餓にさらされたヒナでは,産生される抗体の血中からの消退が遅延し,その結果,抗体価が上昇するものと思われた. これは,抗体産生の亢進によるものではなく,産生された抗体の分解遅延に起因するものと思われた。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 62 1 1983 ニワトリヒナのリンパ組織におけるB抗原陽性リンパ球とIg陽性リンパ球の分布 19 23 EN Yasuhiro Kondo Akira Tanabe Tooru Toriumi ニワトリのファブリシウス嚢,胸腺および脾臓リンパ球中のB抗原陽性リンパ球,T抗原陽性リンパ球及びIg陽性リンパ球比率の加令に伴う変化を経時的に追求した. B抗原陽性率はBFリンパ球で,T抗原陽性率は胸腺リンパ球においてそれぞれ高率に認められたが,週令が増すに従い減少する傾向を示した. BFリンパ球ではB抗原を持つがIgを持たないBリンパ球が存在する一方,脾臓Bリンパ球のすべてはB抗原と膜Igの両方を持つことから,Bリンパ球の分化過程において,B抗原は膜Igよりも早期に現れることが推察された. 膜抗原の存在率から,BFと胸腺のリンパ球内には,膜抗原マーカーを持たないnull cellがかなり多く存在していると考えられた。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 62 1 1983 ヒ素化合物のニワトリ体内動態に関する研究 I.経口投与された3酸化ヒ素の体内分布、排泄及び卵への移行 13 18 EN Akira Tanabe Masashi Yunoki Shigeaki Noguchi Tooru Toriumi Yasuhiro Kondo 1.3酸化ヒ素30mg/�sを産卵鶏に経口投与して,1,2,4,8,16および32日めの各臓器,組織及び卵中のヒ素濃度をしらべた. 又雄鶏に人工肛門手術を施し,3酸化ヒ素30mg/�sを経口投与して,以後排泄される尿と糞のヒ素量をしらべた. 2.検査した諸臓器のうちヒ素移行率の高かったのは肝,腎,心筋であった. 血漿と脾では中程度の分布率であり,赤血球,浅胸筋および脳組織の移行率は低かった. 又ヒ素のリテンションの長かったのは肝,腎,脾,浅胸筋であり,特に肝では32日めにも対照の水準に復しなかった. 3.卵ではヒ素は主として卵黄に移行し,卵白には極めて低濃度にしか移行しなかった. 4.人工肛門手術を受けたニワトリの尿中には投与後6時間めまでにヒ素が出現し始め,3日めまで急増して最高値となり,以後は一定の率で漸減した,一方糞中には投与後6〜18時間でヒ素が出現し始め,36〜48時間めまで急増して最高値となり,以後11日めまで緩やかに減少し,それ以後は急減した. 17日めまでに排泄されたヒ素の総量は尿中に投与量の15%,糞中に20%であった。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 55 1 1980 リンパ腫症及びマレック病腫瘍細胞に対するテストステロンほか各種ステロイドホルモンの結果 7 13 EN Yasuhiro Kondo Masahiko Shiota Akira Tanabe Tooru Toriumi Koji Sato ニワトリのマレック病およびリンパ腫症の腫瘍リンパ球増殖に及ぼすテストステロンほか各種ステロイドホルモンの効果ならびに3H−テストステロンに対するそれらの細胞の結合量を調べた. さらに,正常リンパ球におけるテストステロンの効果およびその結合量を調べた. テストステロンのほか,エストロジェンおよびグルココルチコイドにおいて,両腫瘍細胞あるいは一方の腫瘍細胞に対する増殖抑制効果が観察された. 正常リンパ球では,テストステロンは,Bリンパ球の生存率を減少させたが,Tリンパ球に対する効果はなかった. 3H−テストステロンに対する結合量は,腫瘍細胞では多量で,Bリンパ球でも比較的多かったが,Tリンパ球では少なかった. 以上の結果から,腫瘍細胞を含めたリンパ球におけるステロイドホルモンの効果は,多量のステロイドホルモンが細胞に結合することに基づくものと結論された. さらに,リンパ球の分化に関して,Tリンパ球は成熟のある時期にテストステロンに対する感受性を失なう一方,Bリンパ球は､その感受性を保持し続けることが示唆された。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 52 1 1978 The Axoplasmic Transport of Cholinesterases in Chicken Nerves 55 60 EN Akira Tanabe Shinsuke Tajiri Isao Matsumoto Yasuhiro Kondo Tooru Toriumi 1. The axoplasmic transport of cholinesterases was investigated in chicken vagus and sciatic nerve trunks by the ligature method. 2. Even 48 hours after ligation, the nerve segments in which the increased activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was observed were ristricted within 5mm from the ligature. The activity of AChE in these segments increased linearly until 24 hours or 48 hours after ligation. 3. Two ligatures were made on sciatic nerve trunks and the change in activity of AChE between them was investigated. And it was found that only about 13% of AChE was moved by fast flow. The velocity was 233. 8mm/day in the anterograde and 97.7mm/day in the retrograde direction. 4. The activity of pseudo-cholinesterase (Ps-ChE) also accumulated with time at the proximal and distal side of the ligature. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 52 1 1978 ニワトリのLeucocytozoon病の予防に関する研究 VIII. Sulfamonomethoxine ならびに Halofuginone の感染予防効果 49 53 EN Tohru Toriumi Akira Tanabe Yasuhiro Kondo Kohshi Yamaguchi Yoshiaki Yamada SMならびにHFについて,これらを飼料中に添加運続投与した場合本病の自然感染予防効果について試験を行なった. 1.SMは12.5ppm添加ではparasitemiaならびに抗体産生はそれぞれ26.7%,76.7%の個体に認められ感染予防効果はないものと考えられた. しかし50ppm添加区ではparasitemiaの認められたもの0%,抗体陽性となったもの31.0%であり,感染は予防し,かつ免疫も付与するという現象が認められた. 2.HFの3ppmおよび6ppm添加の場合はともにほぼ完全にparasitemiaならびに抗体産生を阻止し,予防効果のあることを示した. 3.HFの6ppm添加の場合は雄の群において,飼料摂取量の低下に原因する増体量の低下が認められた。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.