岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533191997都市の時代と地球環境問題23ENOsamiKawaraNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533222000Umu試験による生活系排水の遺伝毒性評価2631ENShinoMohriYoshiroOnoOsamiKawaraThe umu-test, which can detect genotoxic activites of a wide variety of environmental carcinogens and mutagenes, was carried out with samples from several sewage treatment processes. We applied the umu-test to raw sewage and treated effluent from two points of view, one is to evaluate a treatment process and the other is to identify the genotoxic substances. The original strain of umu-test, Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 can detect nonspecific genotoxicity, on the other hand, by using S. typhimurium NM2009 of the umu-test highly sensitive to aromatic amines, genotoxicity related to aromatic amines is measured. The result showed that genotoxic substances which have the polycyclic aromatic amino structures in the sewage remained after biological treatment. Tow-step HPLC fractionation followed by MS analysis to identify the genotoxic substances was applied to samples to detect mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amines. The concentration of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 determined in the effluent caluculated from HPLC-UV analysis were on the order of 10(-5) mg/L. Because of the possibility of the reuse of wastewater in urban areas, the need for the investigation of the safety of the treated water from the sewage treatment plants was suggested, in order to evaluate strategies for advanced treatment, if necessary.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533222000大学における環境マネジメントの検討24ENOsamiKawaraNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533232001環境問題に係る最近の住民運動と社会科学的な検討の必要性1ENOsamiKawaraNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境管理センターActa Medica Okayama0917-1533252003環境管理センターISO14001認証取得と全学的な環境管理システムの構築の必要性1ENOsamiKawaraNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学保健環境センター環境安全部門Acta Medica Okayama0917-1533262004岡山大学保健環境センター環境安全部門部門の発足23ENOsamiKawaraNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712911994Study on Water Quality of Surface Runoff and Groundwater Runoff on the Basis of Separation by a Numerical Filter2334ENOsamiKawara10.18926/19585In this study we investigated the water quality of surface runoff and groundwater runoff from the basins of the Yodo River and the Asahi River based on that separated by a numerical filter. The water quality of the surface runoff is greatly different from the groundwater runoff. The tendency of concentration change in accordance with river discharges is different from each other. The water qtiality of groundwater runoff changes with river discharges clockwise in many cases. The differences of COD and SS originating from those of population and industrial activities in each basin are found in the lower SS concentrations of the surface runoff and the COD cencentrations of the groundwater runoff. The nutrients and chlorine ion were investigated, too.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学工学部Acta Medica Okayama0475-00712121987Influence of Sewage Treatment System on Water Quality in Kojima Lake919EN10.18926/15838This study dealt with the characteristics of hydrodynamics of Kojima Lake and the influence of a regional sewage treatment system in construction on the lake. Clockwise and anticlockwise circulations are caused by seasonal winds in summer and winter, respectively. The distribution of a conservative material continuously discharged off the shore of the sewage treatment plant is scarcely affected by seasonal winds and river discharges. The sewage treatment system improves the water quality of the lake except T-N.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学工学部Acta Medica Okayama0475-00711521981Hydraulics and Water Quality in Kojima Bay147164EN10.18926/15784In this paper, characteristics of hydraulics and water quality in Kojima Bay are discussed based on field observations. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) The variation of flow rate in Kojima Bay has periods for 30 minutes to 2 hours. This characteristic is represented by a two-dimensional numerical simulation fairly well. (2) The local distributions of salinity and suspended solids show increase in the direction to the mouth of Kojima Bay. On the other hand, the distribution of COD(Mn) is nearly uniform in the whole area of the bay. Salinity appears to be influenced by river discharge sensitively but suspended solids does not. (3) The vertical distributions of salinity and suspended solids are similar. There are similar points between the cross-sectional average of water quality and surface water quality. (4) The surface water quality seems to be influenced by the variation of velocity.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学工学部Acta Medica Okayama0475-00711411979Ozonation of Organic Substances from View Points of Wastewater Treatment139150EN10.18926/15747In this paper, ozonation of organic substances which are found in wastewater is discussed regarding following respects; (1)removal ratios of COD(Cr) and TOC, (2)removal properties, and (3)oxidation products. The main results are summarized as follows. (l)Ozonation quickly removes proteins and amino acids, but mildly polysaccharides and n-saturated carboxylic acids. (2)The initial removal of COD(Cr) or TOC is quite rapid, but, as the reaction continues, it slows down so drasti-cally that one may suspect that it has completed. (3)Starch and albumine are decomposed to the smaller molecular compounds. (4)The COD(Cr) /TOC ratio of each substance which is chosen in this study decreases. This means that ozonation results in the formation of oxygenated fragments of the original molecule-occurs by bond fission or partial oxidation. (5)Proteins are indispensable components in frothing because they are surface active. They are removed by not only oxidation but also foaming, however, the removal by foaming is not so large.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学工学部Acta Medica Okayama0475-00711121977Ozone and Chlorine in Wastewater Disinfection3749EN10.18926/15711In this paper, we compare ozone with chlorine regarding following respects; (1)Disinfection efficiency (2)Oxidation power (3)Effects of secondary effluents treated by ozone or chlorine on aerobic microorganisms. Both ozone and chlorine are powerfull oxidizing agents. However,those are greatly different from each other in effects of treatment. Ozone is superior to chlorine in oxidation of organics, perfection of disinfection and effects on aerobic microorganisms. On the other hand, chlorine is superior in disinfection of Coliform group bacteria. Based on these results,it may be concluded that chlorination will be effective in disinfection of effluents which do not contain so much contaminants. However in case of rather highly cotaminated effluents, ozonation will be
suitable.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712611991The Model of Water Quality Management for the Hino River6173ENOsamiKawara10.18926/15420Lake Biwa is the largest lake in Japan, and one of the most important fresh water resources. The Hino River is the fourth largest river among the rivers which flow into Lake Biwa. The eutrophication of the lake has been warned since the 1960s. In order to improve the water quality of the lake, to decrease the loads through rivers is inevitable. Therefore, it is needed to predict the effects of measures to control pollutant loads and the influence of development in the basin on the loads from rivers before developing the basin and taking measures. This paper deals mainly with the model of water quality management for the Hino River and the effects of the development in the basin on the water quality. The model was formulated considering loads from forests, rice paddy fields, households, housing land, industrial factories. Using this model, a calculation system by a microcomputer was developed and the influence of urbanization of the basin was discussed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境理工学部Acta Medica Okayama1341-9099712002流動が植物プランクトンに及ぼす影響に関する研究4553ENJinsongLiOsamiKawaraYosiroOno10.18926/fest/11525The main problems caused by eutrophication result from the increase of phytoplankton. Therefore, controlling the increase of phytoplankton is the most important. In this study, we discuss the influence of current velocity on the growth of phytoplankton based on the field experiments and laboratory experiments. The laboratory experiments for the influence of current velocity on the growth have been conducted using circular channels, and the field experiments were conducted using a shallow pond. The results of the experiments show current velocity inhibits the growth of phytoplankton.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学環境理工学部Acta Medica Okayama1341-90991212007The effect of aeration and water intake on the water quality in the Asahi River Dam reservoir7176ENOsamiKawara10.18926/fest/11439The Asahi River Dam reservoir is one of the important fresh water resources in Okayama, Japan, and its eutrophication has been noted since the 1980s. Therefore, aeration has been applied to control the growth of phytoplankton. In this study, we discussed the effect of aeration and water-intake depth on the water quality distribution in the reservoir, based on numerical simulation and observation. The principal conclusions were as follows:(1) The numerical simulation models applied here reproduced observations fairly well. (2) Water intake from the surfacce layer reduced the concentration of chlorophyll a in the surface layers. Water intake from the middle or bottom layer improved the deficit of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layers. (3) Aeration together with water intake from the middle or bottom layer improved the deficit of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layers.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.