start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=45 end-page=52 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1985 dt-pub=19851108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Continuous Monitoring System for the Wastewaters Having Multiply, Randomly, and Small Effluent Characteristics -Approarch to Analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand by Complete Flow Process- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A simple system was developed for the fully automatic and continuous measurement of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater samples based on colorimetry of dichromate. A sample and a solution of sulfuric acid (1+1) containing 2mM potassium dichromate are continuously pumped with a double-reciprocating micro-pump at each flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The wastewater sample is filtered at first with a 100-mesh stainless filter and then mixed with the dichromate solution in the mixing joint. The mixture is introduced into a reaction coil made of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) tubing (1 mm i.d., 3 mm o.d., and 20 m length), being placed in an oil bath (120). After reaction, the mixture passes into a quartz tubular flow-through cell (10 mm path length, 18 l volume) in a spectrophotometer, and the absorbance is measured at 445 nm. The COD value of the sample is automatically estimated from the amount of decreased absorbance. The system was successfully applied to COD measurement of some waters, and to continuous monitoring of COD in wastewater of university laboratories. The system was also evaluated by comparing with the flow injection analyzer system previously developed by the authors. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KorenagaTakashi kn-aut-sei=Korenaga kn-aut-mei=Takashi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MoriwakeTosio kn-aut-sei=Moriwake kn-aut-mei=Tosio aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TakahashiTeruo kn-aut-sei=Takahashi kn-aut-mei=Teruo aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Center for Environmental Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Synthetic Chemistry affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Industrial Chemistry END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=35 end-page=43 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1985 dt-pub=19851108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=SAXS Intensity Measurements by Photographic Methods en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Photographic method for measurement of small-angl X-ray scattering (SAXS) is improved. Intense pointfocussing incident beam is obtained by using doubly bent crystal monochromator made of aluminium single crystal. Microphotometry and the subsequent calculation to obtain profiles, Guinier and Porod radii, integrated intensities, and so on are facilitated by using microcomputer. Integrated SAXS intensities measured from an Al-Zn alloy which has been treated under the same heat treatment conditions are coincident with one another with probable errors less than }6 % . Ratio of the integrated intensities obtained from two Al-Zn alloys of different composition is reasonable compared with the quasi-equilibrium phase diagram. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamadaMasuo en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Masuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakakibaraAkira en-aut-sei=Sakakibara en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name=匴 kn-aut-sei=匴 kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtaMutsuo en-aut-sei=Ohta en-aut-mei=Mutsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Industrial Science affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Industrial Science affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Industrial Science END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=21 end-page=33 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1985 dt-pub=19851108 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=On the Adsorptive Force in the Sucking Grasp as the Contact Surface was flat. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The sucking grasp, for example, the silicon or the rubber sucker has been used widely to handle the parts in various stages of the automated process. But in order to use the sucking grasp more widely, it is necessary to develop the other type of sucking unit. In this paper, we examined the distribution of the vacuum pressure in the contact surface and estimated the adsorptive force from the vacuum pressure, the area of the contact surface, the area or the number of sucking holes, and a gap or a roughness of surface under the contact condition that the flat surface of the sucking unit sucked up the flat surface of an object. The vacuum pressure in the contact surface decreased exponentially, as the distance from the edge of the sucking hole became long. And the adsorptive force was estimated from the equation Y=1.147.P.S.(S/M)(-0.6) in the case of one sucking hole. It is necessary to consider the interaction between two sucking holes which were only separated by a very close distance to estimate the adsorptive force in case of many sucking holes. The adsorptive force became weak, as the gap en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=OsakiHirokazu kn-aut-sei=Osaki kn-aut-mei=Hirokazu aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=ManabeNobuo kn-aut-sei=Manabe kn-aut-mei=Nobuo aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HakodaYosinori kn-aut-sei=Hakoda kn-aut-mei=Yosinori aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KikuchiSusumu kn-aut-sei=Kikuchi kn-aut-mei=Susumu aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Industrial Science affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=SHARP Co. Ltd. affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Mitsubishi Electric Co. Ltd. affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Industrial Science END