岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 結核症の貧血に関する実験的研究 第四編 結核性貧血時の網赤血球成熟物質について 3927 3929 EN Uruo Nishikaze In the former report the author presented how the anemias appearing in the tuberculous infection develop and how the characteristics of these anemias are connected to the pathological findings specific to each period. In this report the author demonstrated the decrease of maturing substances in viscera is responsible for the development of these anemias. 1. By observing the maturing course of reticulocyte from the period of anemia, both primary and secondary, it has been proved that reticulocytes added with the maturing substances from the normal guinea pig spleen mature rapidly as nearly as in the case of reticulocytes from the normal animal, showing that they are almost normal in their ripening ability. 2. The spleen from the animals in these stages, both in the primary and the secondary stages, proved that the contents of maturing substances decreased more than that in the normal spleen showing the lessened ability in the power of acceleration of reticulocyte maturation. 3. The marked delay in the reticulocyte maturation found in the secondary anemia comparing to that in the primary anemia is ascribed to the wide extension of the damaged area in the viscera. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 結核症の貧血に関する実験的研究 第三編 網赤血球成熟現象より見たる海猽実験結核性貧血の成因について 3919 3925 EN Uruo Nishikaze In the first report the author presented the normal ripening course of reticulocytes of guinea pig in vitro and in the second report demonstrated that there are two periods of anemia in the course of tuberculosis in guinea pig and in this paper the author reports the developing mechanisms of these tuberculous anemia. 1. The observation on the ripening course of reticulocyte and the life span of erythrocyte from the guinea pig in the primary anemia proved that this anemia observable 30-40 days after infection is due mainly to the accelerated destruction of erythrocyte overwhelmingly the marked proliferation of erythroid cells in bone marrow whith can generally be recognezed in this period. The marked recovery tendency observed in this anemia can be reasonably explained with the elevated bone marrow function and the increased RC Index. 2. In the secondary anemia it has been found that the life span of erythrocyte is rather prolonged as is calf cul ated from the prolonged maturing period of reticulocyte and the extremely lowered RC Index. But the erythropoietic function of the bone marrow is markedly depressed as is supposed from the cytological findings on the bone marrow. 3. Histological observation of the bone marrow revealed the accelerated erythropoiesis in the period of primary anemia and the fibrotic changes in the period of secondary anemia. The changes of viscera are intimately connected with stages and types of anemia as has been described in the second report. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 結核症の貧血に関する実験的研究 第二編 海猽実験結核症の貧血の起り方について 3909 3918 EN Uruo Nishikaze By observing the anemia occurring in the course of development of tuberculosis in guinea pig, it has been elucidated that there are two periods of anemia distinguishable from each other by their characteristics as follows. The primary anemia which appears during the period of 30-40 days after infection, is hypochromic one accompanied by the slight anisocytosis. This sort of anemia can be seen in almost all the cases and is generally accompanied by an abnormal increase of reticulocyte number and destined to recover soon. The secondary anemia appears about 50 days after the inoculation of bacteria and this anemia is of normo or hypochromic type accompanied by a marked anisocytoses. The reticulocyte number remains in a low level and the anemia shows no recovery tendency. Pathological changes in the viscera in the stadium of the primary anemia are relatively slight with accompaniment of cell infiltration, but not of necrosis nor marked productive changes, while in the period of the secondary anemia the tissue damages are severe, showing the caseous degeneration with some marked proliferative changes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 結核症の貧血に関する実験的研究 第一編 健康海猽の網赤血球成熟状態とその成熟物質について 3905 3908 EN Uruo Nishikaze For the purpose to reveal the mechanism of tuberculous anemia in guinea pig, the author decided to apply the method devised by Seno et al. for the observation of ripening process of rabbit reticulocyte in vitro. As the ripening process of the guinea-pig reticulocyte has not yet been clarified, the author tried first to reveal the rinenine process of guinea-pig reticulocyte by means of this method for the basal experiment in the future observations and arrived at the following conclusion 1. Guinea-pig reticulocyte in the circulating blood has been proved to mature in test tube just as well as those of rabbit. 2. On the average, it requires 9 hours for the complete maturation and about 55% of the whole reticulocytes matures by this method. 3. By introducing these value into the formula proposed by Seno it has been calculated that the life span of erythrocyte of guinea pig is about 83 days. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 肺結核患者の白血球機能に関する研究 第三編 肺結核患者の白血球機能に及ぼす胸部外科手術の影響に就いて 3889 3903 EN Masao Hara With the purpose to see the effects of thoraco-surgical treatment on leucocyte function in pulmonary tuberculosis, the author examined the picture, wandering velocity, and phagocytesis of leucocytes in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, starting before operation and continued for three months; and obtained the following results; Pulmonary Resection 1. The total leucocyte count: The effect of surgical treatment is most marked on the day of operation, namely the leucocyte count increases up to 10,000-20,000, but rapidly decreasing thereafter, it returns to the pre-operation level by the 20th day and it keeps its normal level thereon. And the increase or decrease in the leucocyte count more or less parallels with the extent of operation and the increase or decrease in the neutrophil count. 2. Fluctuations of various leucocytes: The change in the neutrophil count takes about the same course as that of the leucocyte total. The eosinophil count begins to disappear immediately after operation and appear on the third day; thereafter, it returns to the pre-opsration level. As for the basophil count, with the exception of a transient increase on the third day, it shows no fixed trend neither monocytes. As for the percentage of lymphocytes, a marked decrease can be observed on the day of operation, and thereafter, recovering gradually, it takes somewhat the opposite course to that taken by neutrophils, but the absolute count shows no marked change. 3. The leucocyte function: The wandering velocity of leucocytes is accelerated on the day of operation, and declining thereafter, shows its minimum on the third day after operation, but by the 10th day it returns to the preoperation level, thereon it surpasses that level. The phagocytosis of leucocytes is promoted on the day of operation, and falling down to its minimum on the second day after operation, it returns to the preoperation level on the fifth day, and later it surpasses that level. Namely, on the day of operation leucocytes show what Sugiyama calls "progressive left-shift of the nucleus", and the second day as the turning point their picture is transferred to "regressive left-shift of the nucleus", and it returns to that before operation on the 5th to 10th day. Thereafter the leucocyte function is accelerated, and also it is obvious that the phagocytosis of leucocytes is more responsive to reaction than the wandering velocity Thoracoplasty Leucocyte findings and their function by this treatment show rather similar tendency observed in the Pulmonary resection. The improvement up to the 20th day after the treatment in this case, however, is relatively more rapid than that in the Pulmonary resection, while after one month the improvement is a little inferior to that by the former method. Group Showing Postoperative Complication About the 5th day after operation the decrease in the leucocyte count of this group is less than that of the group with good postoperative improvement, and also the recovery of the leucocyte function is slower, showing no return to the preoperation level. Summarizing the above, the thoraco-surgical treatment essentailly acts as a stress on patient, and the response to the operation appearing most markedly on the day of operation, the direct influence of operation disappears by the 20th day. Moreover, the group with postoperative complication the recovery of leucocyte findings and their function is prolonged. It is believed that the follow-up examinations of the leucocytes and the leucocyte function offer some important clues for the determination of postoperative conditions. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 肺結核患者の白血球機能に関する研究 第二編 肺結核患者の白血球機能に及ぼす各種薬剤併用療法の影響に就いて 3879 3888 EN Masao Hara In the successive administration of combination of such drugs as SM-PAS, PAS-INH, SM-PAS-INH, and PZA-INH to 23 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the author investigated the effects of these combination therapies on the leucocyte count and on the neutrophil function in the course of treatment, and obtained the following results: 1. Leucocyte count: The leucocyte count decreases up to the 5 th clay in the case of SM-PAS-INH combination; up to the 10 th day in the SM-PAS or PZA-INH combination; and up to the 20 th day in the PAS-INH combination, and thereafter it gradually increases in everyone of these combinations, until finally losing the effectiveness of the combination drug therapy by the end of one-month treatment. There on the leucocyte count is controlled by the conditions of disease. 2. Various Icucocytes: In every combination neutrophils decrease up to the 5 th-20 th day; monocytes up to the 10 th-20 th day; and lymphocytes up to the 5 th-10 th day, but in eosinophils only an increase has been observed, After one month various leucocytes change in number according to the changes in the condition of disease itself rather than to the effect of drugs. 3. Leucocyte function: The influence of each combination therapy appears most effectively between the 10 th and 20 th days; and in the combinations of Styl-PAS and PAS-INH marked acceleration of the function is brough about; while the combinations of SM-PAS-INH and PZA-INH acts inhibitorily on the function. One month after the initiation of the combination treatment and thereafter the function is influenced secondarily by changes in the conditions of a patient due to drugs administered rather than by the effect of drugs itself. 4. In other words, admitting marked clinical effects of the combination thbrapy of anti-tuberculous agents, it is important to bear in mind a possibility of some unfavorable effects of the combination therapy on the leucocyte function. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 肺結核患者の白血球機能に関する研究 第一編 肺結核患者の白血球機能と病状に就いて 3869 3878 EN Masao Hara After the general examination of blood and examinations of the leucocyte function and the pattern of their movement in 48 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the author studied the relationship between the results of examinations and conditions of disease; and obtained the following results: 1. The leucocyte count inceases along with aggravation of disease; and there can be observed a marked increase of lymphocytes in minimal cases; of monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in moderately advanced cases; and of monocytes and neutrophils in far advanced cases. In other words, the increase in monocytes and neutrophils becomes marked as tuberculosis advances in severity. On the other hand, the percentage of lymphocytes indicates the advance of tuberculosis. Moreover, the farther advanced the disease, the more marked is the tendency of the left-shift of the nucleus in neutrophils, and also the ratio L: M decreases accordingly. Although a decrease in eosinophils can generally be observed, there is no di stinct correlation between this decrease and the condition of disease. 2. Leucocyte function: The leucocyte function in minimal cases generally is about the same as that of the normal persons, but as the disease advances to moderately advanced and to far advanced stages, it decreases along with the advance. The leucocyte function declines in proportion to the increase in erythrocyte sedimentaion rate, and those with over 25 mm erythrocyte sedimentation rate show a marked decline in the function. According to Oka's classification based on X-ray findings, the function in Type Ⅶ is markedly lower than that in Types Ⅵ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ. And according to the NTA classification as the extensiveness of lesions advances from the minimal to moderately advanced and far advanced, or according to the clinical classification as the inactive type moves to the arrest and to the active typse, the leucocyte function proportionately decreases more and more markedly. Relative to number of tuberculous bacilli, in those who are negative to bacillus culture the leucocyte function does not differ much from that of the normal, but as the culture, bacillus collection and smear specimens turn to positive, the leucocyte function gradually declines. As for the relationship with the body temperature and pulses, along with the rise in body temperature and increase in pulse-beats the leucocyte function diminishes, especially the decline is quite marked in the case with the body temperature of over 38℃ and pulses over 100. Moreover, in the case when the leucocyte count increases, the leucocyte function is enhanced up to the count of 8,000, but beyond 10,000 the function is extremely diminis hed. The greater the average number of nuclei, the greater in the acceleration of leucocyte function, and in those whose L/M ratio is 16-23, the leucocyte function is highest. Of those patients with pulmonary tuberculosis of moderately advanced stage or far advanced showing an increase in leucocyte count, a decrease in the average nucleus count, and a low L/M ratio; the ones with accelerated leucocyte function later improve, while ones with lowered leucocyte function still get worse and worse. 3. Movement pattern of leucocytes in pulmonary tuberculosis: As the disease aggravates, Types A(3), B(2), and D with low wandering velocity increase in number. In addition, even in those with the same movement pattern, as the disease aggravates, the wandering velocity decreases that much more. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 脾臓と骨髄造血に関する実験的研究 第3編 脾静脈並びに胃冠状静脈結紮家兎の血液像及び骨髄像並びに骨髄の呼吸解糖作用 3857 3867 EN Hideo Moritani After ligating splenic and coronary veins of the stomach, the author studied and evaluated the blood and bone marrow pictures, and O(2)-consumption and glycolysis of femur bone marrow; and obtained the following results: 1. In the peripheral blood picture a transient decrease is brought about in the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content, and it seems to present the so-called 'splenic anemia'. 2. An increase in the percentage of the erythroblast series can be observed in bone marrow. 3. The respiration of bone marrow is transiently accelerated, but changes in aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis show no fixed tendency. 4. By ligating splenic and coronary veins of the stomach it is possible to induce a transient congestion in the spleen, but the anemia observable 2-3 weeks after the operation seems to be caused by the blood cell arrest or the disturbance in the discharge of erythrocytes in bone marrow. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 脾臓と骨髄造血に関する実験的研究 第2編 腹部交感神経脾臓枝切断家兎の血液像及び骨髄像並びに骨髄の呼吸解糖作用 3847 3855 EN Hideo Moritani After the abdominal sympathectomy of splenic branches in normal rabbits, the author studied the blood and bone marrow pictures and O(2)-consumption and glvcolysis of the femur bone marrow and obtained the following results: 1. In the peripheral blood picture a transient decrease in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, leucocyte and platelet count can be recognized, presenting a picture what might be called 'splenic anemia'. 2. An increase in the percentage of the erythroblast series can be observed in bone marrow. 3. The respiration of bone marrow is transiently accelerated, and the aerobic glyeolysis tends to decrease slightly but changes in anaerobic glycolysis show no fixed tendency. 4. It seems that the anemia and an increase in the proportion of bone marrow erythroblasts as well as an increase in oxygen consumption of bone marrow tissue induced by the abdominal sympathectomy of splenic branches in rabbits are caused by the blood cell arrest in bone marrow. 5. The spleen has a close relationship to the hematopoietic function of bone marrow, especially of the erythrocyte series, and a part of its specific remote action is controlled by the central nervous system via the abdominal sympathetic nerves. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 脾臓と骨髄造血に関する実験的研究 第1編 剔脾家兎の血液像及び骨髄像並びに骨髄の呼吸解糖作用 3835 3845 EN Hideo Moritani No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 同時記録筋電図によるkinetic及びtonic NMUの分析ならびに各unitの分布に関する研究 3813 3834 EN Masahiko Ioku No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 Peptone,Sinomenine,Polyvinylpyrrolidone及びシジミエキスの犬の二,三臓器組織肥満細胞に及ぼす影響 3803 3812 EN Shojiro Kawamoto Tissue specimens were excised from the liver, spleen, and from the skin of back and lips of dogs before and after intravenous injection of Witte peptone, sinomenine, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and corbicula extract, and the mast cells of these tissues were examined for comparative study of the effect of these substances. The disruption of mast cells in the liver tissue was extremely marked after injection of pepton, but the change in the skin mast cells was only slight. In contrast to this, after the injection of sinomenine and PVP the disruption of skin mast cells was marked, but the change in the liver tissue was slight. Mast cells of the spleen were only slightly disrupted by any of these drugs. In the lip skin changes of mast cells by PVP and sinomenine were stronger in the superficial region rather than in the deeper tissue. In the liver and skin tissues it was confirmed that the degree of morphological change of the mast cells is parallel with the percentage rate of histamine release. Corbicula extract did not bring about any change of mast cells in any of these organs above mentioned. This substance simulate peptone in a lymphagogue action and in reducing coagulability of lymph, but does not release tissue histamine (Takaoka, 1957). These findings indicate that histamine released by these substances is derived from mast cells. The reason of occurrence of the tissue difference in the mast cells disruption by different substances was discussed. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 実験的結核症のINAH誘導体による治療実験 第三編 マウスの実験的結核症に対するINAH及びその誘導体の大量投与による治療実験 3793 3801 EN Miyokichi Yamashita By administering a large amount of INAH, IHMS, INHG to the mice previously infected with INAH-10γ-resistant strain bacillus, the author obtained the following results: 1. In the macroscopic examinations at autopsy with respect to the effect of a large dose of INHA to the amount of 50 mg/kg given, although tubercles can be recognized, they are not so numerous, The decrement in the colonies in the tuberculous bacilli culture of the viscera proves to be as low as 1/10-1/20 the control, indicating a fairly good therapeutic effect of the drug. 2. The effect in the case given a large dose of 300 mg/kg IHMS or 500 mg/kg INHG does not differ so greatly from the administration of 50 mg/kg INAH. However, the fact that the mortality rate and the loss in average body weight are less than in the case given INAH seems to prove mild toxicity of these derivatives. 3. From the foregoing findings it is clear that a large dose of drugs in the INAH series adminstered to the mice previously infected with INAH-resistant strain bacillus is quite effective. 4. However, these results are quite inferior to those obtained in the case of the mice infected with INAH-susceptible strain bacillus. 5. As for the change in drug-resistance of tuberculous bacilli due to a large dose of drug, a rise in resistance was observed in a small portion of population, but on the whole no increase in the resistance could be recognized. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 実験的結核症のINAH誘導体による治療実験 第二編 各種抗結核剤のモルモットによる併用投与実験 3783 3792 EN Miyokichi Yamashita As there is no study on the combination adminstration of drugs with the use of INHG on animals, the author performed a series of experiments with guinea pigs using this drug in various combinations of SM and PAS, and studied which combination would be most effective from autopsy findings and cultnre of tuberculous bacilli in viscera. In addition, the author tried INAH, INHG, or IHMS of the INAH series combined with PAS, most frequently used clinically as basic drug for combination therapy, and studied the effectiveness on guinea pigs. The results are as follows: 1. It has been found that INHG used in combination with SM or PAS is more effective than INHG given singly. 2. Of the combinations mentioned above the combination of SM + INHG + PAS is most effective, followed by the combination of SM + INHG; and although the combination of INHG + PAS is still less effective, it is better than single adminstration of INHG. 3. Even in the PAS combinations of INHG, IHMS and INAH so long as the content of INAH in each combination is equal, two former ones are slightly less effective than the latter. But clinically these drugs can be given in a large dose, and hence there is a promising future for the effectiveness. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 実験的結核症のINAH誘導体による治療実験 第一編 Isonicotyl hydrazone glycuronolactoneのマウスによる急性毒性試験並びに実験的結核症の治療実験 3773 3782 EN Miyokichi Yamashita In the study on the definitive therapeutic effects of INHG, a new derivative of INAH, on experimental tuberculosis, hitherto no attempt has ever been made, and also in the reappraisal of toxicity of INHG, the author obtained the following results. INAH and IHMS (isonicotyl hydrazid methansulfonate) were used as the control for comparative study: 1. LD(50) of INHG, when subcutaneously injected, is 1,167 mg/kg, and when orally administered, 1,500 mg/kg; while LD(50) of IHMS, by subcutaneous injection, is 1,083 mg/kg, and by oral administration, 1,333 mg/kg. Each of these amounts to 6-8 times LD(50) of IHAH, proving the toxicity of the two to be markedly lower than INAH. 2. When 1 mg, 3 mg, or 7 mg of INHG a day is administered successively to mice with tuberculosis, tuberculous bacilli in the viscera of these mice decrease far more markedly than the same in the control, proving a striking anti-tuberculous action of this drug. 3. On coparing the effectiveness of INHG on experimental tuberculosis with that of INAH, in tuberculous bacilli culture of internal organ, even though INHG contians only 44.62 per cent of INAH, an equal volume of this drug is only slightly inferior to INAH but shows no great difference, while its weight-increasing action is stronger than INAH. In addition, the toxicity of INHG being extremely weak as already mentioned, a large dose of administration is possible, and hence clinically the application of this drug offers a promising future. 4. In comparing the effectiveness of INHG on the experimental tubereulosis with that of IHMS, no marked difference can be found between the two drugs. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 動物穿刺液細胞の主として組織培養法を応用せる生体染色の研究 第三編 胸水細胞特に食細胞に就て 附:全編の総括 3765 3772 EN Masao Fukuda Using pleural fluid of mice and rabbits the basic-dye staining was carried out by means of tissue culture with a special emphasis on phagocytes, and these were compared with the phagocytes in ascites. The following are the results of the present study: 1. The basic type in the vital staining findings of the phagocytes in pleural fluid coicides exactly with those of the phagocytes in ascites. Furthermore, on taking other findings into consideration, it is certain that these two are identically the same kind of cells and they are near-relatives of monoctyes. 2. However, phagocytes in pleural fluid tend to show a more marked neutral-red rosette formation than the phagocytes in ascites, while on the contrary the degree of neutralred stain, the time retaining the stain and also the time retaining Janus-green stain are inferior to those of the phagocytes in ascites; and this phenomenon seems to be due to the immaturity of the phagocytes in the pleural fluid. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 動物穿刺液細胞の主として組織培養法を応用せる生体染色の研究 第二編 食細胞の本態に就て 3753 3763 EN Masao Fukuda With the purpose to pursue the property of phagocytes in ascites observations were carried on vital stainings of the ascites cells at the time of stimulation and after removal of the greater omentum as well as vital stainings of subcutaneous histiocytes and monocytes in the bone marro and blood; and also studied vital staining of the ascites cells stained after a certain period of culture. 1. At the time of stimulation the newborn cells in ascites are weak and immature, possessing characteristics very much like those of monocytes, and pre-existing phagocytes reveal an advanced degeneration. 2. In the case where dye was added in the course of culture, it has been confirmed that those cells transformed like fibrocytes, fibroblasts or histiocytes are none other than one of modified forms of phagocytes. 3. By excision of the greater omentum, it has been observed that phagocytes mature in the steps of a small type ➝ intermediate type ➝ large type. Moreover, it has been verified that phagocytes are derived from milky spots on the greater omentum. 4. After precise scrutiny of subcutaneous histiocytes and monocytes in the bone marrow and blood, the similarity of phagocytes to monocytes as already stated in Part 1 has been verified. From these data it is bilieved that ascites phagocytes are either monocytes or the cells very closely related to monocytes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 動物穿刺液細胞の主として組織培養法を応用せる生体染色の研究 第一編 マウス他各種動物の正常時腹水細胞特に食細胞の所見 3743 3752 EN Masao Fukuda The author performed basic-dye vital staining of ascites cells, especially phagocytes, of mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs and chickens or acidic-dye vital staining by injecting dyes into the peritoneal cavity of these animals, by means of tissue culture in both cases, and obtained the following results: 1. In the cases of basic-dye vital staining phagocytes present a neutral red rosette formation as their basic picture; and mitochondria are distributed around the nucleus, revealing an appearance much like a moncyte; and the higher the animal is the more pronounced is this tendency. 2. In the acidic-dye vital staining as applied to mice, at each additional injection of the dye the degree and percentage of staining cells increase step by step as if it indicated an increase in the degeneration of cells with each injection. Although these cells do not demonstrate characteristics in so high a degree as in the case of basic dyes, they, nevertheless, present essentially a staining picture resembling the findings on monocytes, considering these cells prior to degeneratiou. From these findings it may be said that the picture of vital staining in the ascites cells resembles that of monocytes. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 酸素欠乏組織内に移植された骨髄細胞の形態学的研究 第3編 全身貧血家兎に於ける移植骨髄細胞の増殖 3731 3742 EN Mitsuo Kimura The most striking effect of a lowered oxygen tension in tissues on the growth of transplanted bone-marrow cells has been observed in the anemic animals previously depleted of a large quantity of blood daily so as to keep the erythrocyte count under two millions per cu. mm. In the liver, spleen, and probably in the lymphnodes of these animals the transplanted bone-marrow cells proved to be surviving through the whole course of the experiment lasting for two weeks, and showing an active proliferation in the sinusoids of the liver and in the sinuses of the spleen and sometimes in the lymphnodes, giving the picture like those of embryonal hematopoiesis seen in these organs. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 酸素欠乏組織内に移植された骨髄細胞の形態学的研究 第2編 肝動脈結紮家兎に於ける骨髄細胞の血行内移植 3723 3730 EN Mitsuo Kimura The ligation of A. hepatica communis caused not any morphologic change in the liver, while the ligation of A. hepatica propria sinistra resulted in severe damages to the liver parenchym of the left posterial lobus, showing the necrosis of liver cells already ten hours after the operation. The bone-marrow cells introduced into the auricular vein are found to be accumulated in the marginal zone of the necrotic area with some inflammatory cells where the oxygen tension is supposed to be lower than that in the adjacent normal tissues, thus affording an ideal condition for the introduced bone-marrow cells to proliferate into. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 酸素欠乏組織内に移植された骨髄細胞の形態学的研究 第1編 正常家兎血行内に移植された骨髄細胞の運命 3717 3722 EN Mitsuo Kimura For the purpose of observing the extramedullary hematopoiesis in the tissue of low oxygen tension the author has studied first extramedullary hematopoiesis in the tissues of normal rabbits introducing homologous bone-marrow cells intravenously by Osogoe's method, and reconfirmed Osogoe's initial findings; and obtained the following results: 1. Twenty-four hours after the injection the bone-marrow cells were found accumulated mainly in the capillary of the lungs and a small number in the liver, spleen and kidneys. 2. After three days their number decreased considerably in the lungs with a moderate increase in the liver and kidneys, and after seven days they have actually disappeared in every organ. These findings indicate that in normal rabbits the extramedullary hematopoiesis caused by the injection of bone-marrow cells is only a transient one. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 動脈硬化症に関する実験的研究 第Ⅲ編 家兎血液中に於けるコレステリンの消長特に遊離コレステリンとコレステリンエステルとの関係に就て 3705 3715 EN Tadayoshi Yabe Many investigators are studying on the point that cholesterols and fats are greatly involved in the causative mechanism of arteriosclerosis. However, even in the case of an advanced arteriosclerosis cholesterols in blood are not necessarily increased, but quite many show the cholesterol level within the normal range. Furthermore, subsequent research works indicate the problems such at the ratio of cholesterols against phospho-lipids and chylomicron, as well as studies on lipoproteins and electropaper-chromatography are carried out, but conclusive causative factors still remain to be discovered. As reported in Parts 1 and 2 the author recognized the occurrence of arteriosclerosis of the so-called 'adrenalin-injection type' (Monckeberg type) in the aorta of the rabbits injected with cholesterol emulsion or administered with a large amount of cholesterol for consecutive days, and also the occurrence of arteriosclerosis of the so-called 'cholesterol type (atheroma type) in the rabbits orally adminstered with a small amount of cholesterol for sucessive days. Thus the author pointed out that what was believed to be two types of arteriosclerosis caused by two entirely different factors was in fact the arteriosclerosis induced by the same abnormality in the fat metabolism, and deduced that the differences observable in this disease arose from the differences in the chemical constitution of cholesterols in the blood. In the present report an attempt has been made to clarify further the actual characteristics in the occurrence of two kinds of arteriosclerosis by observing what differences in the chemical constitution of fats in the blood would be brought about by different methods of administering cholesterols on one hand and also by studying the changes in cholesterol contents in the blood at the time of nor-adrenalin injection into rabbits on the other, Using 8 rabbits, the present experiments were conducted in three groups; namely, a group (2 rabbits) given oral administration of 0.7 g. cholesterol daily; another group (2 rabbits) given daily intravenous injection of 10 cc. 1% cholesterol emulsion; and still other group (3 rabbits) given daily intravenous injection of 1 cc. 0.1% adrenalin; and at a fixed interval after the adminstration, blood was drawn from the auricular vein, and the total amount of cholesterol and the free cholesterol content were determined by the digitonin method. After weighing these results in conjuction with the histological or cytochemical findings of Parts 1 and 2, the author arrived at the following conclusions: 1. The intravenous injection of cholesterol emulsion the same as the nor-adrenalin injection induces a transient and rapid rise in free cholesterols in the blood and the degeneration of muscle fibers or calcium deposit in the artery. 2. In the case of oral adminstration of cholesterol the total amount of cholesterols increses step by step, but the ratio of the free-cholesterol content against the total amount of cholesterol in creases always within the normal range, showing the foam cell formation in visceral tissues as well as atheroma degeneration under the inner coat of artery in this instance. 3. From these results it is velieved that the rise in the free cholesterol content of blood acts as an important factor causing the degeneration or the necrosis of the media of the artery, developing to the Monckebergs median necrosis of artery, while in the case of the rise in the cholesterol-ester, the cholesterol ester is absorbed by the interstitial cells and disposed, forming a foam cell layer without inducing cell degeneration; and when such an increment is great, the atheroma degeneration of the aorta is brought about. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 動脈硬化症に関する実験的研究 第Ⅱ編 実験的動脈硬化症の諸臓器に於ける病理組織学的並びに組織化学的所見 3689 3704 EN Tadayoshi Yabe No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 動脈硬化症に関する実験的研究 第Ⅰ編 実験的動脈硬化症の大動脈に於ける病理解剖学的,組織化学的並びに偏光顕微鏡的所見 3669 3688 EN Tadayoshi Yabe No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 ギラン・バレー症候群を呈する多発性神経根炎の筋電図学的研究 第二篇 Coxsaekie Virus及びPolio Virus接種マウスの筋電図,殊にLaw amplitude NMU Voltage並びにSynchronization Voltageに関する実験的研究 3651 3668 EN Tadao Yoda With a view to pursue the mechanism eliciting low amplitude NMU voltage (L.A. NMU V.) and synchronization voltage (S.V.) which have a great significance in the electromyograms of Guillain-Barres syndrome (G.B.S.) and paralytic poliomyelitis and also to find out clues for the etiologic factor of G.B. the author performed the follwing experiments. Namely, inducing disease with the inoculation of agents isolated from infants with Guillain-Barres syndrome, such as coxsackie virus of A group type 2, Okumoto strain, the same type 19 Dohi strain and B group type 1 Saragai strain which mainly induce myositis, into young mice 15 days old, and also infecting polio virus type Ⅰ (Mahoney strain), type Ⅱ (Lansing strain), or type Ⅲ (mouse adapted Leon strain) into mature mice, the author compared the electromyograms from m. bicepus brachii, m. gasfrocnemius, and intercostal muscle of these mice, and obtained the following results. The test materials were 136 muscles from 32 young mice injected with coxackie virus (C. V.) and 191 muscles from 45 mature mice injected with polio virus (P. V.). 1. It has been verified that the electromyograms of normal young and mature mice, generally do not differ greatly from those of human with the exception of contact voltage, proving electromyographic experiments of mice are possible. In measuring the duration and amplitude of 374 and 492 action potentials of normal young mice and mature mice, and in the percentage histograms of each, the average duration has been found to be 4.69 ± 0.36 m. sec. in young mice, while 5.12 ± 0.11 m. sec. in mature mice; and the average amplitude to be 244.5 ± 7.36 μv and 252.3 ± 8.13 μv, respectively. In other words, both the average duration and amplitude are greater in mature mice than those in young ones. 2. L. A. NMU voltage has been recognized in 50 per cent of the mice injected with C. V. A-group strain, in 20 per cent of the mice infected wtih C. V. B-group strain, and in 27.2 per cent of total muscles examined, while on the contrary, in the mice infected with P. V. it has been found only in one mouse out of the twenty-two infected with Lansing strain and in 1.1 per cent of all muscles infected with P. V.. Conversely, synchronization voltage has been recognized in the mice infected with P. V. type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, or Ⅲ in 42.8, 54.5, and 22.2 per cent of respective group, and in 20.9 per cent of entire muscles examined, while S. V. can not at all be recognized in the mice infected with C. V. From these results it has been experimentally proven that L. A. NMU voltage is the abnormal electromyogram appearing mainly in the case of muscular disturbances, while S. V. is that appearing chiefly by lesions of the anterior horn of the spine. 3. The incidence of L. A. NMU V. observed in the young mice infected with Okumoto strain and that of S. voltage observed in the mature mice infected with Lansing strain both show a tendency to increase with the lapse of time. 4. The percentage histograms of the duration and amplitude of 234 action potentials obtained from young mice infected with Okumoto strain show a greater tendency of the shift to left than respective one observed in the normal young mice; their average values (2.8 ± 0.13 m. sec, and 155.1 ± 10.8 μv, respectively) are both smaller than those in normal young mice. And the differences in the average values of duration and amplitude are both statistically significant. 5. The percentage histograms of the duration and amplitude of 278 action potentials obtained from the mature mice infected with Lansing strain show a greater tendency of the shift to right than those of normal mature mice; and their average values (5.24 ± 0.10 m. sec, and 327.2 ± 20.8 μv, respectively) are both greater than those in normal mature mice. However, the difference in the average values of the duration is not statistically significant. 6. The pattern of L. A. NMU V. observed immediately after the crisis in C. V. infected mice often presents relatively interfering pattern, but it turns scanty with the lapse of time. From this fact it is assumed that the pathologic changes in nerve fibers are formed secondly. 7. In contrast to the opinion that the low amplitude NMU voltage appears in neurogenic atrophy as well as in myogenic atrophy, the author has verified that it mainly appears in myogenic atrophy. Furthermore, the author would put an especial emphasis on the fact that in the differentiation of myogenic atrophy and neurogenic atrophy not only numbers of frequenies of discharges but also the fluctuations in the duration should be taken into consideration. 8. From electromyographic findings obtained in the above-mentioned experiments and from those findings in G. B. syndrome reported previously in Part 1, it has been confirmed that Guillain-Barres syndrome is the disease accompanied by pathologic changes in muscles and the anterior horn of the spine. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 ギラン・バレー症候群を呈する多発性神経根炎の筋電図学的研究 第一篇 ギラン・バレー症候群を呈する多発性神経根炎と麻痺型ポリオの筋電図的差異に就いて 3635 3650 EN Tadao Yoda To elucidate the true nature of flaccid paralysis of infant polyradiculoneuritis with Guillain-Barres syndrme (G.N.S.), which occurred intermittently in the coast regions of the Inland Sea from 1950 to 1955, the author made comparative studies on the electromyograms of this disease with those of paralytic poliomyelitis (H.M.), and obtained the following results: 1. In 23 cases with G.B.S. and 41 cases of H.M. electromyographical examinations were carried out 76 and 102 times up to 10 weeks after the onset of disease, and their tested total number of muscles came up to 884 and 716 respectively. Among them 686 muscles of G.B.S. and 510 of H.M. showed abnormal electromyographic findings. These abrormal electromyograms were classified into 6 types, namely, those at the maximum voluntary contraction: electrical silence, low amplitude NAIU voltage (L.A.NAUV.), synchronization voltage (S.V.), complex NMU voltage, and decreased spike number of normal NMU voltage; and those at rest, fibrillation voltage. The two diseses showed some differences in the percentage of each abnormal elect romyograms in these various muscles. Namely, of them the most marked difference was the L.A. NMU V. at the maximum contraction; and it was observed in 25.3 per cent of G.B.S. and in 1.1 per cent of H.M., while electrical silence was observed in 8.9 per cent of the former and in 28.6 per cent of the latter. On the other hand, synchronization voltage was noticed in 17 per cent of G.B.S. while in 12.6 per cent of H.M., showing slightly more in the former. The normal NMU voltage was cassified into three grades; the let to the third degree according to the discharge frequency, that is to say, the number of discharges 1-15(Ⅲ). 16-30(Ⅱ), and 31-50/sec(Ⅰ). Summing them up, these discharges were found in 48.4 per cent of G.B.S. while in 57.2 per cent in H.M., As for the complex NMU voltage it was found in 0.43 per cent of the former, while in 0.4 per cent of the latter; and fibrillation voltage at rest was in 1.7 per cent and 0.4 per cent respectively, showing no significant difference in either case. 2. Follow-up examinations were studied on the 20 cases with G.B.S. presenting limb paralysis at the extreme stages one to six years after the onset of disease and on the eight cases with H.M., presenting bilateral paralysis within ten weeks, at the three years after the onset. Only 28 out of 250 muscles in G.B.S. (10 Cases out of 20) showed abnormal electromyographic findings, namely, 11.2 per cent were found to be ahnormal. While 37 muscles out of 46 of H.M. examimed within 10 weeks after the onset namely, 80.4 per cent showed the abnormality. All electromyographic findings of 28 muscles from G.B.S. were of incomplete synchronization voltage, presenting a desynchronization tendency, while in H.M. 7 muscles out of 46 (15.2% ) were of electrical silence. But these 46 muscles revealed it in 50 per cent of them within 10 weeks after the onset of disease. As for the decreased number of normal NMU voltage concerned, 17 muscles (36.9% ) were positive, while within 10 weeks after the onset 40 per cent recognized. On the other hand, S.V. of H.M. was recognized in 13 muscles out of 46 (28.2% ), though within 10 weeks after the onset it was in 19. 6 per cent of 46 muscles, moreover 10 muscles out of 13 revealed complete S.V., 3. 119 muscles out of 884 from G.B.S. and 81 muscles out of 716 from H.M. tested eletromyographicaly were negative tendon reflex. But the electrical activity at the maximum voluntary contraction was recognized in 86 muscles (72.3% ) out of the total of 119 muscles in the former and 17 muscles (20.9% ) out of 81 muscles in the latter. After 8 weeks the elctrical activity in G.B.S. came out in all muscles, while on the contrary none in H.M.. The relationship between the degree range of tendon reflex and the S.V. as well as L.A. NMU voltage was examined, and S.V. was found most often in those muscles with sluggish tendon reflex in both diseases. In G.B.S. those muscles either with normal tendon reflex or without it showed more S.V. than in H.M.. L.A. NMU voltage was found much more in the muscles without tendon reflex rather than in those with normal tendon reflex. 4. In the electrical evainiuation studied up to seven weeks after the onset in 15 cases of G.B.S. in 8 cases of H.M., hardly typical reaction of degeneration could be recognized in G.B.S. but only traces of atypical reaction of degeneration, showing reduction of excitability in the majority, while in H.M. typical and atypical reaction of degeneration could still be recognized in 50 per cent of the cases after seven weeks from the onset. 5. Above mentioned results, i.e. the electromyographical change, its relation between tendon reflex and electrical excitability, show that G.B.S. consists mainly of pathologic changes in peripheral nerves and muscles and their spinal changes are slight and transient, whereas in H.M. the main pathologic changes are held in the anterior horn of the spine. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 母体の貧血が胎児の造血に及ぼす影響に就て 第2編 妊娠期間中に於ける親の貧血が新産児の造血に及ぼす影響 3621 3633 EN Kiyoyasu Nishikawa With a view to study the effect of anemia in mother animal on her off-springs, their blood picture, vital power, possibility of malformation, and hematopietic organs, the author performed a series of experiments, using ten groups of offsprings to the total of 206 newborns from mother guinea pigs depleted of blood daily for one week at various stages of pregnancy or kept in a high anemic state by depleting daily throughout the pregnant stages; and obtained the following results; 1. Newborns from guinea pigs kept in a high anemic state throughout the pregnant stages are mostly of plethoric nature as an accommodation phenomenon for compensating deficient oxygen supply from mother. 2. Offsprings from guinea pigs made moderately anemic by depleting for one week before mating show the normal value in their blood picture. 3. Even in the cases made moderately anemic by depleting for one week from the day of mating, no effect can be seen in the blood picture of offsprings, but if the depletion is of a high begree, their newborns are mostly plethoric. 4. Those kept moderately anemic in the second pregnant week most of newborns are plethoric, and by the same depletion the third to the 8 th week the farther advanced the pregnant week is, the higher is the plethoric state of newborns. 5. From guinea pigs made anemic by depletion in the terminal stage of pregnancy, many offsprings were born in a highly anemic state. It is believed hat the decrease in the oxygen level due to anemia in parent animal made accelerate the destruction of erythrocytes in embryos and that offsprings were born before completely recovering from anemia despite vigorous hematopoiesis. 6. In newborns of normal delivery erythropoietic picture is hardly observable in the liver, showing a moderate hematopiesis in the bone marrow, while in embryos immediately before delivery and in the newborns of anemic mother the hematopoietic picture is marked in the liver and bone marrow. This will show that the hematopoiesis in the liver of embryos just before delivery is acting as a compensator of the bone marrow hematopoiesis which is not yet fully developed. Then the liver hematopoiesis seen in any of newborns after delivery will give a measure for the grade in the bone-marrow hematopoiesis. The fact that in anemic newborns the liver hematopoiesis lasts for a quite some some time after the birth could be explained in the same way. The erythrocytes produced in the liver of the newborns that retain the liver hematopiesis will be discharged into the circulating blood while they are still immature, because there are many nucleated red cells in the circulating blood of such animals Moreover, in thoss newborns with an extamely weak vital power they continue to maintain the hematopoiesis of the embryonic type after birth even in the absence of marked anemia, presenting the liver hematopoiesis. 7. As for leucocytes all test animals showed only about one half the normal value. 8. In the case the blood depletion is performed at the initial stage, at the terminal stage or throughout the pregnacy, the rate of still-born and miscarriage is high, and even in the case of birth the rate of new-borns with weak vital power is also high. 9. Throughout the present experiments not a single case of malformation could be found. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 母体の貧血が胎児の造血に及ぼす影響に就て 第1編 正常成熟海猽,正常胎仔及び新生仔の血液像造血臓器について 3611 3620 EN Kiyoyasu Nishikawa With the purpose to study the influence of anemia in mother animal on the hematopoiesis of embryos, the author performed some fundamental experiments on the peripheral blood and the hematopoietic organs of the embryos, newborns from normal guinea pigs, the mother animals, and compared these findings with those on the blood picture of human as well as of other mammalians reported by predecessors. The results are as follows: 1. The average blood count of mother guinea pigs proved to be: erythroecyte count, 489 × 10 ⁴ / ㎣ ; Hb content, 83 per cent; the leucotyet count, 7,5000/ ㎣ ; and the percentage of leucocytes is; multinuclear leucocytes, 17.6 per cent; eosinophils, 4.6 per cent. 2. In some mother guinea pigs during pregnancy slight anemia occurs about second week of pregnancy, and continuing throughout the pregnancy, it recovers at the terminal stage. But the majority of mother guinea pigs actually become raher polycytaemic on conception and recovers to normal level immediately before delivery. 3. During the embryonal stage the erythrocyte series in guinea-pig embryo already shows the count of 466 × 10 ⁴/ ㎣ (with Hb, 75% ), and without showing any great change, it grows up to newborn. As for the blood count in the newborn immediately after birth, the erythrocyte count is 498 × 10 ⁴ / ㎣ and Hb is 81 per cent. About 12-24 hours after birth there is a transient increase in the blood count what is thought to be due to dehydration. 4. Scarcely any leucocytes appear in circulating blood during the embryonal stage, and around the fourth embryonal week the nucleated cell count is 10,000, and on the fifth week, 9.8000, but most of them are nucleated erythrocytes, decreasing rapidly from about 7 th to 8 th week. The leucocyte count in the 10 th week is barely is barely 530 / ㎣ . The leucocytes immediately after birth double in number due to leucocyte discharge from bone marrow, and multinuclear leucocytes increase in number. The average leucocyte count of the newborn guinea pigs is 1,9000 / ㎣ . 5. The resistance of erythrocytes in embryo against saline solution is weaker than that in mature animal erythrocytes, but in around the first to second week after birth it becomes rather resistant. 6. In observing slice specimens prepared from hematopoietic organs of embryos, and newborns, the erythrocyte series are produced in the liver and blood islands in about the latter half of the fourth embryonal week, and in about 5 th week in the liver and spleen, and next in the 8 th week the bone marrow hematopiesis appears, joining to the erythropoiesis in the liver and spleen. Through the 8th and 9 th weeks an increase in erythropoiesis of the bone marrow becomes pronounced, while the hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen decreases markedly, and in newborns mostly no such erythropoiesis in the liver can be recognized. Multinuclear leucocytes are produced in the liver and blood islands in the latter half of the fourth embryonal week, and in the 5 th - 6 th weeks they are produced in the liver and spleen, but their differentiation is extremely delayed, and also any of them hardly appear in the circulating blood. Next, by the 7 th week their production is commenced in the bone marrow. And they are well differentiated and many are of lobulated nucleus, but making the appearance only in a small number in peripheral blood until birth when they are all suddenly discharged into circulating blood stream. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 ブドー球菌のgluoose酸化 第2編 培地C源とglucose酸化の関係 3601 3610 EN Masataka Takeda Using the standard strains of St. aureus, albus and citreus stocked in our laboratory, the author pursued the modes of glucose oxidation of bacteria. either by still standing culture or shaking culture in liquid medium with glucose or gluconate as the C-source, and obtained the following results: 1. Oxidation abilities of gluconate of these bacteria, cultured in the medium with glucose as the C-source by still standing method, are low shaking method the oxidation of gluconate increases relatively high irrespective of the iength of culture. Furthermore, considering inhibitory effect of DNP against the oxidation of glucose, in the still standing culture the oxidation of glucose may be thought to depend mainly on the E-M pathway and in the shaking culture it develops to the W-D pathway or glucose ➝ gluconate ➝ 2-keto-gluconate (or 5-ketogluconate) pathway. 2. In the case where gluconate is used as the C-source, the oxidation of gluconate is relatively great in shaking culture and even in stationary culture; but the oxidation of glucose in this case proved to be exactly identical with that where glucose has been used as the C-source. 3. The Adaptability to the C-source of medium of bacteria belonging to Staphylococcus seems to be in general of relatively less, especially the adaptability to ribose, and gluconate is. The Oxidation of ribose and gluconate upon the phase of growth rather than the C-source of the medium. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 ブドー球菌のglucose酸化 第1編 培養時間, 培地始pH, 培養温度との関係 3591 3600 EN Masataka Takeda With the use of the standard strains of St. aureus, albus and citreus, stocked in our laboratory, as experimental materials, the author studied the enzymatic activity, especially the modes of glucose oxidation, and obtained the following results: 1. Enzymatic activity of both bacteria is generally higher when the length of culture is short (10 hours) and the initial pH is low (5.8), and culture temperature is low (20℃). This fact seems to be depend upon phases of the growth ; namely, the enzymatic activity of cells in the log phase, especially the enzymatic activity involved in the T.C.A. cycle, appears to be great. 2. In the case of St. aureus and albus it seems that the glucose oxidation of the cells in lag phase mainly depends on the E-M pathway, while in the cells at stationary phase it develops other pathways; namely, W-D pathway, or glucose ➝ gluconate ➝ 2 ketogluconate (or 5-ketogluconate) pathwag. In contrast to this in the case of St. citreus, the glucose oxidation of cells at all phases seems to take mainly the E-M pathway. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 細菌のglucose酸化に於ける鉄イオンの作用 第3編 減鉄培地発育菌の酵素的性状（2）staphylococcus albusについて 3583 3589 EN Kiyoshi Tobe Using St. albus, the standard strain stocked in our laboratory, as the test bacteria, by studying the metabolic reactions of the bacteria, cultured both in the medium reduced of its Fe⁺⁺ content by addition of αα'-dipyridyl and in the medium with sufficient Fe⁺⁺, the author obtained the following results: 1. Irrespective of what the C-source may be, in the case of St. albus cultured in the medium with reduced Fe⁺⁺ by addition of αα'-dipyridyl the enzymatic activity involved in the complete oxidation of those below pyruvate in the process of glucose oxidation is lowered. 2. In the medium with glucose as its C-source with reduced Fe⁺⁺ there is developed a pathway different from that in the case of the medium containing sufficient Fe⁺⁺ in the course of the oxidation pathway from glucose to pyruvate. 3. In the medium with gluconate as its C-source there can be recognized no difference in the gluconate oxidation whether cultured in the medium with reduced Fe⁺⁺ or in the medium containing sufficient Fe⁺⁺. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 細菌のglucose酸化に於ける鉄イオンの作用 第2編 減鉄培地発育菌の酵素的性状（1）Sh.flexneri 2aについて 3575 3581 EN Kiyoshi Tobe With Sh. flexneri 2a, the standard stocked in our laboratory, as the test bacteria, after examining enzymatic properties of bacteria cultured the medium of which Fe⁺⁺ had been reduced by addition of αα'-dipyridyl and also in the medium containing sufficient Fe⁺⁺, and after examining metabolic properties of the bacteria, the author obtained the following results: 1. Irrespective of whichever carbon source is used, the enzymatic activity involved in the complete oxidation of pyruvate in the process of glucose oxidation is markedly lowered when the bacteria are cultured in the medium with reduced Fe⁺⁺. 2. Oxidation pathway from glucose to pyruvat taken by the bacteria cultured in the medium with reduced iron content does not differ from that taken by the bacteria cultured in the medium containing sufficient Fe⁺⁺. 3, Even in the case of the bacteria cultured in the medium with reduced Fe⁺⁺ there occurs no conversion from cytochrome system of the H-transport system to flavine system. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 細菌のglucose酸化に於ける鉄イオンの作用 第1編 静止菌に対する鉄イオンの作用 3565 3574 EN Kiyoshi Tobe Using the standard strains such as Sh. flexneri 2a and St. albus, that are stocked in our laboratory, the author studied the influences of Fe⁺⁺, Fe⁺⁺⁺ and αα'-dipyridyl on the oxidation of various substrates, especially that of glucose, and obtained the following results: 1. Fe⁺⁺ and Fe⁺⁺⁺ promotes the complete oxidation of pyruvate in the course of the glucose oxidation, whereas αα'-dypyridyl acts as to inhibit the oxidation. 2. One of the actions of Fe⁺⁺ and Fe⁺⁺⁺ seems to be the enzymatic reaction involved in high energy phosphate compounds. 3. It appears that first Fe⁺⁺⁺ is reduced to Fe⁺⁺ in the process of the substrate oxidation by bacteria and then it begins to act. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 Thiazolocyanin系感光色素Platoninの抗体産生におよぼす作用に関する実験的研究 第2編 Platoninの免疫ウサギの網内系機能, 血清蛋白および抗体におよぼす作用に関する実験的研究 3539 3563 EN Sadako Obayashi After injected once bovine's serum antigen toward the normal rabbit, and the rabbit with impediments in the reticulo-endothelial function due to ink injection and splenorectomy, I have pro kg 5 γ of Platonin in two groups injections three times every other day and the same amount once a day for the whole week continuously (7 times), and then have taken observations on such matters as Congo-red index, serum protein density especially γ-Globulin, precipitin value, and quantitative changes, and obtained the results as follows'. 1) In case of normal rabbit, the injections three times every other day has shown remarkable effect than that of once a day for the whole week continuously; in case of rabbit with impediments in the reticulo-endothelial function due to splenorect my and ink injection, the latter has indicated more remarkable results than the former. 2) Among every groups, antibody production has proved at its maximum in 14 days after antigen injection, but has gradually showed decrease. When the antibody production has proved at its maximum as quickened by injection of Platonin, it could be seen that the decline in precipitin value and quantitative changes has proved as slowly especially in former compared with others, and antibody in serum has kept for a long time. 3) In this chapter, the precipitin value and quantity has proved at its maximum as quickened in every groups compared with the case of no administration of Platonin as reported at Chapter One, and injection of Platonin has proved to quicken upon the antibody production. 4) Serum protein esp. γ-Globulin showed almost a parallel relation with antibody, while no definite changes could be seen. When the function of reticulo-endothelial system has proved as quickened by administration of Platonin, the quickened state of antibody production has kept for a long time and at a high level. Further, decline of the reticulo-endothelial function due to splenorectomy has equally showed decrease of γ-Globulin. Therefore, it may be roughly conduluded that a close correlation exists among the reticulo endothelial function, serum protein and γ-Globulin. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 寒冷血球凝集反応におよぼすThiazolocyanin系感光色素Platoninの作用に関する実験的研究 3519 3538 EN Hideyuki Kobayashi It was reported by Weiner, Horie, Sato and others the rise of cold hamaggulutination at the frost-bite times. The author has experiment about the effect of Platonin at the frostbite times, chiefly upon cold hamaggulutination by using rabbits. 1) At the function of the normal reticulo-endothelial system, Platonin has shown to prevent from the cold hamaggulutination; the excited function of the reticulo-endothelial system as well as the increase of γ-Globulin in serum protein has proved. 2) Especially, when the function of reticulo-endothelial system has got down, Platonin has proved to prevent from the rise of cold hamaggulutination and to quicken the function of the said system, along with the increase of γ-Globulin in serum protein. 3) When the function has fallen, Platonin has proved to prevent from the rise of cold hamaggulutination, owing to the experimental refrigeration for the abdomen, along with the decline of the function. 4) As the above results, the author may consider with some significance the close relation between the above said photosensitizing dye, Platonin action, and its remarkable treatment for the frost-bite. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山医学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0030-1558 70 10 1958 愛媛県下におけるレプトスピラ症について 3489 3517 EN Hiroshi Okada Although the leptospirosis in Ehime Prefecture is well-known and Minami-Uwa-Gun is particularly well-known as the prevailing district of this disease, no large scale examination is as yet reported. The author studied at first the endemic and the type of leptospira all over Ehime Prefecture, and then studied those in Minami-Uwa-Gun, the most heavily contaminated district. In parallel with this, the occurence of the vitreous body opacity in the leptospirosis was also studied. The following is a summary of the results obtained in this study: Ⅰ. Epidemiological study in Ehime Prefecture 1) Gosho district contains about 50% of all the cases of Weil's disease in Ehime Prefecture, and the distribution decreases in the sequence of Mibugawa, Yawatahama, Matsuyama and Uwajima districts. On cold plateaus and in intermountain regions, incidences are few. In Gosho district, the most heavily contaminated district, the soil pH is slightly acid. 2) In Ehime Prefecture, the average temperature of a year is 15°C, the humidity is over 20% from June to September and the amount of rainfall from April to September is over 200 mm; a very good condition for the prevalence of leptospirosis. Incidences are the most in September. 3) This disease is more among the people of strong constitution with high working power, and is also more in the male than the female. 4) The cases of this disease are the most in farmers and the next in fishermen; the cases of each of these two are nearly 50% of all cases. 5) Some interrelation exist between the leptospirosis of a family and that of its domestic animals. Ⅱ. The leptospirosis in Gosho Public Health Office jurisdiction 1) About 50% of the cases exist in Nishi-Umimachi district, and less than this but pretty many cases are observed in Minami-Uchiumi, Shirobe, Higashi-Sotoumi and Gosho districts. 2) The prevalent regions are terraced fields and Rias type sea shores, which are the characteristics of the prevalent regions all over Japan, and especially fishing villages are wet and nasty and are massed by houses, giving a very good condition for the prevalence of the leptospirosis. 3) The climate of this district is that of the subtropical zone; wet and the average temperature of a year of 18℃. 4) The morbidity rate was 1.0% of 7350 people tested. 5) As for the type of leptospira, Weil and Akiyami types are rather many, Particularly Akiyami C type is many, which is usually considered rather less. 6) The Akiyami C strain isolated from the dog is the third one of this strain isolated in Japan. Ⅲ. The Antibody distribution in Ehime Prefecture 1) Of 511 dogs tested, 105 (20.5%) showed a positive reaction, and the positive reaction rate was higher in southern districts. The type of the agent was L. canicola, Weil and Akiyami C. 2) Of 663 horses and tattles, 137 (23.5%) showed a positive reaction, and the positive reaction cases are many in Gosho and Imaharu districts. As for the type of the agent, Akiyami B was the most and the next was Weil, Akiyami A and Akiyami C. The interrelation between the vitreous body opacity and the leptospirosis Of 32 patients with vitreous body opacity, 17 cases (56.3%) showed a positive serum agglutination reaction. Of all the types of the agent found in these patients, each of weil and Akiyami types occupies about 50%, and, of the latter, Akiyami C type was about 25%. The vitreous body opacity appeared about 8 months after the onset of leptospirosis. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.