start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=43
cd-vols=
no-issue=8
article-no=
start-page=1288
end-page=1291
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2020
dt-pub=202008
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Low Viability of Cholera Toxin-Producing Vibrio cholerae O1 in the Artificial Low Ionic Strength Aquatic Solution
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=It has been well known that Vibrio cholerae inhabit in environmental water. As many patients infected with cholera toxin-producing V. cholerae O1 (toxigenic V. cholerae O1) emerge in Kolkata, India, it has been thought that toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is easily detected in environmental water in Kolkata. However, we could not isolate toxigenic V. cholerae O1 from environmental water in Kolkata, though NAG Vibrio (generic name of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139) is constantly detected. To clear the reason for the non-isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae O1, we examined the viability of V. cholera O1 and NAG Vibrios in the artificial low ionic strength aquatic solution. We found that the viability of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the solution is low, but that of NAG Vibrios is high. Subsequently, we examined the viability of NAG Vibrios possessing cholera toxin gene (ctx) in the same condition and found that the viability of these NAG Vibrios is low. These results indicate that the existence of ctx in V. cholerae affects the viability of V. cholerae in the aquatic solution used in this experiment. We thought that there was closely relation between the low viability of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the artificial low ionic strength aquatic solution and the low frequency of isolation of the strain from environmental water.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=PaulSubha Sankar
en-aut-sei=Paul
en-aut-mei=Subha Sankar
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo
en-aut-sei=Takahashi
en-aut-mei=Eizo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam
en-aut-sei=Chowdhury
en-aut-mei=Goutam
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi
en-aut-sei=Miyoshi
en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki
en-aut-sei=Mizuno
en-aut-mei=Tamaki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K.
en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay
en-aut-mei=Asish K.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=DuttaShanta
en-aut-sei=Dutta
en-aut-mei=Shanta
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India 
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases 
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases 
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=

affil-num=8
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae
kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae
en-keyword=cholera toxin
kn-keyword=cholera toxin
en-keyword=aquatic solution
kn-keyword=aquatic solution
en-keyword=viability
kn-keyword=viability
END