Serum prolactin values in S-D strain female rats with DMBA induced mammary tumors were measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Serum prolactin values before and after resected DMBA induced tumors were similar, but serum prolactin values of ovariectomized rats were remarkably fallen with reduced tumors. Serum prolactin values after both ovariectomy and adrenalectomy followd by administration of cortisol were remarkably rised, but were reduced.