start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190603 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study of setting mechanism of beta-tricalcium phosphate-inositol phosphate composite cements en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique, which can be used to provide insight into the chemical structure of non-crystalline and crystalline materials. Hence, the present study aimed to elucidate the setting mechanism of CPC, which was fabricated using beta -tricalcium phosphate (beta -TCP)-inositol phosphate (IP6) composite powder using NMR In addition, the effect of IP6 on the local chemical structure of the beta -TCP-IP6 composite powder and its hardened cement would also be investigated. The H-1 -> P-31 heteronuclear correlation NMR spectrum revealed that an amorphous hydrated layer, along with small amount of hydroxyapatite (HA) was formed on the surface of beta -TCP during the ball-milling process. Results demonstrated that the IP6 in the hydrated layer on the surface of beta -TCP inhibited the formation of HA. Moreover, the setting reaction of the cement was mainly triggered by the dissolution of the amorphous hydrated layer on beta -TCP surface, and subsequent precipitation, followed by the inter-entanglement between the HA crystals on the beta -TCP. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KonishiToshiisa en-aut-sei=Konishi en-aut-mei=Toshiisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaKohei en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagataKohei en-aut-sei=Nagata en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=LimPoon Nian en-aut-sei=Lim en-aut-mei=Poon Nian kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=ThianEng San en-aut-sei=Thian en-aut-mei=Eng San kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=AizawaMamoru en-aut-sei=Aizawa en-aut-mei=Mamoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University kn-affil= en-keyword=beta-tricalcium phosphate kn-keyword=beta-tricalcium phosphate en-keyword=calcium-phosphate cement kn-keyword=calcium-phosphate cement en-keyword=inositol phosphate kn-keyword=inositol phosphate en-keyword=solid-state NMR kn-keyword=solid-state NMR en-keyword=setting mechanism kn-keyword=setting mechanism END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=240 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=032001 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=2019 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Numerical study of air-entraining and submerged vortices in a pump sump en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Numerical detection of harmful vortices in pump sumps, such as an air-entraining vortex (AEV) and a submerged vortex (SMV), is crucially important to develop the drain pump machinery. We performed numerical simulations of the benchmark experiments of the pump sump conducted by Matsui et al. (2006 and 2016) using the OpenFOAM and compared the simulation results with the experimental data considering the effects of turbulence model, grid density and detection method of the vortices. We studied the threshold of the gas-liquid volume fraction of the VOF method and the second invariant of velocity gradient tensor to identify AEV and SMV. The methods proposed in the present paper were found to be very effective for the detection of the vortices, and the simulation results by RANS with the SST k-omega model successfully reproduced the experimental data. LES with the Smagorinsky model, however, was sensitive to the grid system and difficult to reproduce the experimental data even for the finest grid system having 3.7 million cells in the present study. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YanaseShinichiro en-aut-sei=Yanase en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiRyo en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KouchiToshinori en-aut-sei=Kouchi en-aut-mei=Toshinori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosodaShunsuke en-aut-sei=Hosoda en-aut-mei=Shunsuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagataYasunori en-aut-sei=Nagata en-aut-mei=Yasunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShunjiHiguchi en-aut-sei=Shunji en-aut-mei=Higuchi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawabeToshihiko en-aut-sei=Kawabe en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakamiToshihiro en-aut-sei=Takami en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Technical Division, Tsurumi Manufacturing Co. kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Technical Division, Tsurumi Manufacturing Co. kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Technical Division, Tsurumi Manufacturing Co. kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Okayama University of Science kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=056402 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200504 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Synthesis of solvent-free conductive and flexible cellulose-carbon nanohorn sheets and their application as a water vapor sensor en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Carbon nanohorns (CNHs) are mixed with cellulose to make freestanding thin-film conductive sheets. CNHs, at different ratios (5, 10, 25, 50 wt%), form composites with cellulose (hydroxyethylcellulose). Freestanding cellulose-carbon nanohorn (CCN) sheets were fabricated using a 100 mu m-thick metal bar coater. Surfactants or any other chemical treatments to tailor the surface properties of CNHs were avoided to obtain composite sheets from pristine CNHs and cellulose. Utilizing the hygroscopic property of hydroxyethylcellulose and the electrical conductivity of CNHs paved a path to perform this experiment. The synthesis technique is simple, and the fabrication and drying of the sheets were effortless. As the loading concentration of CNH increased, the resistance, flexibility, and strength of the CCN composite sheets decreased. The maximum loading concentration possible to obtain a freestanding CCN sheet is 50 wt%. The resistance of the maximum loading concentration of CNH was 53 k omega. The response of the CCN sheets to water vapor was 4 s and recover time was 13 s, and it is feasible to obtain a response for different concentrations of water vapor. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, resistance measurement, tensile strength measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate the mechanical, morphological, electrical, and chemical properties of the CCN sheets. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Paneer SelvamKarthik en-aut-sei=Paneer Selvam en-aut-mei=Karthik kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagawaTomohiro en-aut-sei=Nakagawa en-aut-mei=Tomohiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MaruiTatsuki en-aut-sei=Marui en-aut-mei=Tatsuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueHirotaka en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Hirotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishikawaTakeshi en-aut-sei=Nishikawa en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayashiYasuhiko en-aut-sei=Hayashi en-aut-mei=Yasuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=carbon nanohorns kn-keyword=carbon nanohorns en-keyword=cellulose kn-keyword=cellulose en-keyword=conductive sheets kn-keyword=conductive sheets en-keyword=vapor sensor kn-keyword=vapor sensor END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=20 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=201110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Design of a variable-stiffness robotic hand using pneumatic soft rubber actuators en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In recent years, Japanese society has been ageing, engendering a labor shortage of young workers. Robots are therefore expected to be useful in performing tasks such as day-to-day support for elderly people. In particular, robots that are intended for use in the field of medical care and welfare are expected to be safe when operating in a human environment because they often come into contact with people. Furthermore, robots must perform various tasks such as regrasping, grasping of soft objects, and tasks using frictional force. Given these demands and circumstances, a tendon-driven robot hand with a stiffness changing finger has been developed. The finger surface stiffness can be altered by adjusting the input pressure depending on the task. Additionally, the coefficient of static friction can be altered by changing the surface stiffness merely by adjusting the input air pressure. This report describes the basic structure, driving mechanism, and basic properties of the proposed robot hand. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NagaseJun-ya en-aut-sei=Nagase en-aut-mei=Jun-ya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakimotoShuichi en-aut-sei=Wakimoto en-aut-mei=Shuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatohToshiyuki en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Toshiyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SagaNorihiko en-aut-sei=Saga en-aut-mei=Norihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuzumoriKoichi en-aut-sei=Suzumori en-aut-mei=Koichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=036001 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200316 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Inhomogeneous superconductivity in thin crystals of FeSe1-xTex (x=1.0, 0.95, and 0.9) en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We investigated the temperature dependence of resistivity in thin crystals of FeSe1-xTex (x = 1.0, 0.95, and 0.9), though bulk crystals with 1.0 x 0.9 are known to be non-superconducting. With decreasing thickness of the crystals, the resistivity of x = 0.95 and 0.9 decreases and reaches zero at a low temperature, which indicates a clear superconducting transition. The anomaly of resistivity related to the structural and magnetic transitions completely disappears in 55- to 155-nm-thick crystals of x = 0.9, resulting in metallic behavior in the normal state. Microbeam x-ray diffraction measurements were performed on bulk single crystals and thin crystals of FeSe1-xTex. A significant difference of the lattice constant, c, was observed in FeSe1-xTex, which varied with differing Te content (x), and even in crystals with the same x, which was mainly caused by inhomogeneity of the Se/Te distribution. It has been found that the characteristic temperatures causing the structural and magnetic transition (T-t), the superconducting transition (T-c), and the zero resistivity (T-c(zero)) are closely related to the value of c in thin crystals of FeSe1-xTex. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=EguchiRitsuko en-aut-sei=Eguchi en-aut-mei=Ritsuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SendaMegumi en-aut-sei=Senda en-aut-mei=Megumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UesugiEri en-aut-sei=Uesugi en-aut-mei=Eri kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=GotoHidenori en-aut-sei=Goto en-aut-mei=Hidenori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraAkihiko en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Akihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImaiYasuhiko en-aut-sei=Imai en-aut-mei=Yasuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimuraShigeru en-aut-sei=Kimura en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NojiTakashi en-aut-sei=Noji en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoikeYoji en-aut-sei=Koike en-aut-mei=Yoji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KubozonoYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Kubozono en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy, Kwansei Gakuin University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=iron-based superconductor kn-keyword=iron-based superconductor en-keyword=thin crystals kn-keyword=thin crystals en-keyword=microbeam XRD kn-keyword=microbeam XRD END