岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 2186-7755 105 2016 大学生の朝食欠食習慣の統計解析と改善への新指針 1 5 EN T. Tamura T. Ibi K. Inagaki Y. Kubo K. Okuda This study investigated the current status and causes underneath the life of university students who tend to lack breakfast at a relatively high frequency, and statistical analysis on consequences leading to such lack of well-nourished eating habitat in their university life. In October 2014, self-assessed questionnaires were administered to over 150 faculty students. It contained questions about breakfast habits, time allowance for the morning class, and lunchtime setting in their high school timetable. Breakfast states were clearly separated in three groups : 68% of students regularly have breakfast throughout the weekdays, 21% students skipping the breakfast occasionally, and 11% student no habit for breakfast at all. The survey on the high school lives revealed that 70% students used to have lunch 30 min later than the lunchtime set in the university timetable, 7% of them had the lunch time even more than 1 h later. Lunchtime varies among high schools, and statistical significance was revealed (p<0.01) that schools with higher deviation scores tend have late lunch beyond 12: 30. Accordingly, university students were given directions to prepare for the timetable reform on postulation of having lunch time over one o’clock. After continuous survey on the breakfast habits during the second semester, more than 90% of students established the habit of breakfast regularly in their university lives with the improved consciousness toward well-balanced healthy breakfast contents for their higher level of education quality. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 84 1 1995 トマト果実のグルタミン酸蓄積とエチレンの関係 31 35 EN Akitsugu Inaba Akira Nakatsuka Yasutaka Kubo Reinosuke Nakamura The effect of ethylene on the accumulation of glutamate in the fruit of normal tomato ('Rutgers' and 'Momotaro')and ripening inhibitor mutant (rin) tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) during ripening was investigated.As fruit ripening progresse,glutamate content in the fruit pericarp tissue increased greatly in 'Rutgers' but remained low and constant level in rin tomato.Glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid contents decreased gradually during ripening in both 'Rutgers'and rin fruit.Relatively high activities of glutamate dehydrogease,glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase were detected throughout fruit ripening in both varieties,whereas no relationship was observed between glutamate content and the enzyme activieies.Treatment of 'Momotaro'fruit with diazocyclopentadience,an inhibitro of ethylene action,inhibited the increase in ethylene production and glutamate accumlation which are associated with fruit ripening,suggesting that glutamate accumlation may be mediated through ethylene.However,glumamate content in rin fruit treatde with exogenous ethylene remained low and unchanged uitil after four days.The results indicate that accumulation of glutamete in tomato fruit is likely to be related to the ripening process apart from the direct role of ethylene. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 86 1 1997 チュウゴクナシ‘鴨梨’果実の軟化と細胞壁多糖類およびその分解酵素活性 71 78 EN Bo Ning Yasutaka Kubo Akitsugu Inaba Reinosuke Nakamura The softening characteristics of Chinese pear 'Yali'fruit,based on changes in the rates of respiration and ethylene production,flesh hardness,the content of cell-wall polysacchairides and the activities of their degraging enzymes were determined,in comparison with Japanese pear 'Nijisseiki' and European pears 'la France' and 'Bartlett'.Rates of respiration and ethylene production in 'Yali','la France' and 'Bartlett' fruits increaced with the advance of ripening,showing the most significiant increase of ethylene production in 'Yali' fuit.Decrease of flesh hardness during ripening was rapid in 'la France' and 'Bartlett' fruits,but slow in 'Yali' and 'Nijisseiki' fruits.Though rapid increase of pectinmethylesterase activity in 'la France' and 'Bartlett' fruits was observed with concomitant decrease of hardness,the same activity was maintained at a lower level in 'Yali' and 'Nijissiki' fruits.Increase in polygalacturonase activity during ripening was rapid in 'la France' and 'Bartlett' fruits,Cellulase activity increased with the decrease in flesh hardness in 'la France' and 'Yali' fruits,whereas its increase was slight during ripenig in 'Nijisseiki' and 'Bartlett' fruits.Increase in the content of hydrochloride-soluble pectin during flesh softening were very slight in 'Yali' and 'Nijisseiki' fruits in contrast with their marked evidence in 'la France' and 'Bartlett' furits.From the results obtained above,its seemes that long-term hardness maintenance in Chinese pear 'Yali' fruit during ripenig was due to lower activity by degrading enzymes of cell-wall polysaccharides,compared with those in other pear fruits. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 86 1 1997 湿度条件に対する青果物の生理反応の類型 61 69 EN Yanbin Xue Yasutaka Kubo Akitsugu Inaba Reinosuke Nakamura In this paper,effects of relative humidity(RH)on the respiration rate and ethylene production of 63 kinds of fruits and vegetables including flowres were investigated at diffrent humidities of high RH (93-98%)and low RH(52-65%).From the respiratory response to RH,they could be classified into three groups:accelerative,inhibitive and insensitive low RH.The first group included climacteric fruits such as banana,pear and kiwifruit;the majority of the fruit vegetables;and root vegetables such as tap root,tuber and tuberous root.The second group included Chinese pear,Japanese pear,strawberry,the majority of the leaf vegetables,mushrooms and flowres.The third group included grape and orange.Furthermore,by appending endogenous ethylene production at low RH,they could be classified into eight goups from the physiological response to low RH.These results seem to indicate that water deficit stress at low RH was positively correlated their physiology response in secondary order. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 90 1 2001 Structural Characterization of ACC Synthase Genes from Melon and Cucumber and their Promoter Activities Determined by GUS Transient Assay 27 35 EN Shinjiro Shiomi Ogura Emi Mikihiro Yamamoto Reinosuke Nakamura Yasutaka Kubo Akitsugu Inaba In orader to clarify the differences in regulatory mechanism(s) of the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC) synthase(ACS)genes during ripening in climacteric melon fruit and non-climacteric cucumber fruit, two sets of their genomic DNA sequences, including ca. 2kb of the promoter regions were determined, using PCR-based methods. ACS genes from melon (CMe-ACS1,2) were structurally similar to their counterpart from cucumber (CS-ACS1,2) in terms of size and position of exons and introns, restriction map, and sequencd identity of exeons, introns, proximal 5'-flanking promoter regions and splice junction. Southern blot analysis indicated that each ACS gene is present as a single copy. Transient promoter activity was investigated with two constructs of promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion, CMe-ACS1:GUS and CS-ACS1:GUS, in mature mesocarp tissue of the two fruits. In melon disks, GUS activities conferred by the promoters of both CS-ACS1 (-2098～+42) and CMe-ACS-1(-2187～+67) were detected, which were decreased by treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor. In cucumber disks, however, only CS-ACS1:GUS was expressed; the activity was decreased with 1-MCP, and it was not affected by propylene. These results suggest that the promoter of CS-ACS1 has a potential to be expressed in the mesocarp tissue of ripening melon fruit, and that the difference in ethylene biosynthesis between melon and cucumber during ripening may be due to the difference in capability of forming trans-acting factor(s), not due to their ACS1 promoter activities. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 82 1 1993 Partial Characterization of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate　Oxidase from Excised Mesocarp Tissue of Winter Squash Fruit 49 59 EN Francis Mutiso Mathooko Yasutaka Kubo Akitsugu Inaba Reinosuke Nakamura 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ACC to ethylene, the final step of ethylene biosynthesis was extracted from wounded mesocarp tissue of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. v. Ebisu) fruit. The enzyme was characterized with respect to temperature optima, thermostability, stability in the presence f selected metal ions and alkylating agents, and Km value for ACC. 　　ACC oxidase requires Fe2+ as a co-factor and maximum activity was achieved using Fe2+ at 20uM in the reaction mixture. The enzyme was activated by C02 and inclusion of C02 in the reaction mixture increased the apparent Km value of the enzyme with respect to ACC. The enzyme exhibited apparent Km values for ACC of 147uM in air and 454 uM in the presence of 5 % C02. ACC oxidase was partially inactivated by ACC during its catalytic action. The enzyme had maximum activity at 30℃ and its activity was almost completely lost m the presence of Ag+, C02+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. The alkylating agents, iodoacetamide and iodoacetic acid partially inhibited and almost completely abolished ACC oxidase activity respectively, thereby suggesting requirement of sulfhydryl groups for ACC oxidase activity. Following excision of the mesocarp tissue, the increase in in vivo ACC oxidase activity was accompanied by a concomitant increase in in vitro ACC oxidase activity. 　The results support and extend previous observations and indicate that the solubilized enzyme is indeed ACC oxidase and resembles the physiological ACC oxidase in several aspects. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

岡山大学農学部 Acta Medica Okayama 0474-0254 73 1 1989 高濃度炭酸ガスと低濃度酸素条件が青果物の呼吸活性に及ぼす影響 27 33 EN Yasutaka Kubo Akitsugu Inaba Hidenobu Kiyasu Reinosuke Nakamura 高CO2+低O2環境での各種青果物のO2吸収量を自作のコンピュータ制御自動呼吸計測装置を用いて測定した.トウモロコシとモモでは,それぞれ80 % CO2+20 % Airと90 % CO2+10 % Air下で,空気下と比較して呼吸活性が顕著に抑制された.キュウリとウンシュウミカンでも高CO2+Air条件による呼吸活性の抑制がみられた.カキと緑熟バナナでは,80 % CO2+20 % Airによる呼吸活性の抑制はほとんどみられなかった.一方,レタスとホウレンソウでは高CO2処理により,逆に呼吸活性が徐々に促進された. O2濃度を20 % に保った状態で60 % CO2処理すると,ウンシュウミカンでは呼吸活性の抑制はみられなくなったが,レタスでは呼吸活性がやはり促進された.これらのことから,従来から考えられている高CO2の呼吸抑制作用には疑問があるように思われた. 25 ℃ では高CO2+Air処理によって呼吸活性が変動する青果物でも,15 ℃ 以下の温度では変動しない場合が多かった.したがって,ガス環境に対する青果物の反応は温度依存性を持つように思われた。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.