Acta Medica Okayama2004蒜山で栽培されるヤマブドウ(Vitis coignetiae Pulliat)樹の生育特性と果実成分ENKeijiUekiNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-02549312004A Comparative Study of Drought and Excess-Water Tolerance in Vitis coignetiae and Several Table Grapes Grown in Japan3943ENGoroOkamotoKeijiUekiTakashiImaiKenHiranoExcess-water and drought tolerance of Vitis coignetiae grapevines were compared against 2 V. vinifera cultivars, Muscat of Alexandria and Rizamat; and 2 hydrids (V. vinifera × V. labrusca), Delaware and Kyoho. Three-year-old cutting vines of each, planted in root zone restricted beds in a plastic house, were tested under water logged and irrigation-withheld conditions starting from early and mid July, respectively. Control vines were irrigated at pF 2.2 of soil water tension. Effects of water logging were firstly observed in V. coignetiae vines where the basal leaves turned dark red after 12 days, and then abscised after 3 weeks. Under 2 weeks of water logged conditions, net assimilation rate (NAR) of the primary leaves decreased signficantly in V. coignetiae and the hybrid cultivars, Kyoho leaves turned yellow 3 weeks after the onset of the treatment and then dried out 4 weeks later. Leaves of Rizamat, Delaware, and Muscut of Alexandria vines exhibited a slight color fading or leaf curling after 4 weeks of irrigation withholding, but these symptoms did not extend thereafter. Leaf NAR and transpiration rate decreased significantly in all tested vines after 10 days of irrigation withholding, though the decrease was rapid in Kyoho vines. These results indicate that V. coignetiae vines have a lower tolerance for water logging than other ciltivars, whereas they have moderate drought tolerance.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山大学農学部Acta Medica Okayama0474-0254 9712008ヤマブドウ研究― 樹及び果実の特性 ―6981ENGoroOkamotoShintaroGotoKeijiUekiVitis coignetiae Pulliat is one of the naturally growing grape vines in the Japanese Islands, of which
the fruit has been utilized as a healthy juice and wine. In Hiruzen Highlands, the vines have been cultivated
for wine making since the 1980's. We have studied the physiology of berry set and berry maturation
of the vines to improve the fruit production and fruit quality for last 14 seasons. V. coignetiae vines
are dioecious and need insect pollination, mainly by two species of Diptera, Eristalis tenax and Eristalis
cerealis, and one species of Hymenoptera, Ceratina japonica, indicating that mix planting with male
vines and reservation of such insects are recommended. Once pollen grains have pollinated onto the
stigma, most of them grow a pollen tube to penetrate into ovule tissue and finally reach the embryo sac
to complete ovule fertilization. There are several types of coignetiae vines in Hiruzen vineyards that have
different genetic backgrounds. RAPD analysis of 15 vines revealed that they can be divided into three
groups and two individuals. Coignetiae vines have been found to have a lower tolerance for water logging
than other cultivars, whereas they have moderate drought tolerance. Furthermore, coignetiae vines are
not very disease tolerant, especially toward downy mildew, indicating that growers must take sufficient
care over drainage and fungus control. V. coignetiae vines accumulate high levels of sugar and acid into
the flesh and anthocyanins in the berry skin when they reach the full ripe stage, which is mid and late
October in Hiruzen. Tartaric acid, the main acid constituent in coignetiae berries, is contained at levels
as high as 1.0%. Amino acid concentration in the juice is much lower in most coignetiae vines than other
wine grapes, although a special coignetiae vine with berries with high amino acid content has been found.
V. coignetiae berries have been proved to have several functional properties such as high free radical
scavenging activity and anti-photodecomposition of anthocyanin pigments. As commercial products of
coignetiae berries, beautiful wines, pure juice, and wine vinegar with a rich and fruity taste are produced.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.