A case was presented of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis which resembled carcinoma of the gallbladder on ultrasonography (US) and CT. The findings of US and CT showed a markedly thick-walled gallbladder with poor definition of boundaries which was similar to the infiltration of carcinoma of the gallbladder. Although a rare entity, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder.