Embryoid and Callus Formation from Microspores by Anther Culture from July to November in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Embryoid and callus were regenerated from microspores of six cultivars of pepper (Capsisum annuum L.) by culture of anthers obtained from July to November. Anthers containing microspores at the uninucleate stage were planted in MS media supplemented with 0.004 mg ・liter-1 2,4-D, 0.1 mg ･liter-1 kinetin, 30 g ･ liter-1 sucrose and 2 g ･ liter-1 Gelrite, kept at 35℃　for 24h, and then incubated at 25℃ under 16h daylength for 40 days. Frequency of embryoid and callus formation varied with cultivars and period of initiation. Embryoid formation was more effective from September to October. A temperature of between 15 to 25℃　in the months of September and October was effective for higher embryoid formation. Even though embryoid and callus formation was obtained in all cultivars, the frequency of embryoid formation was higher in Cheongyang and Fushimi Amanaga, while callus formation was higher in Shishtou and California Wonder. Embryoid transferred to MS medium developed to plantlets, and were acclimatized. The number of chromosomes in the root tip cells was 12 (haploid) in 19 plants, 24 (diploid) in one plant and 20 to 23 (aneuploid) in 3 plants.

トウガラシ(Capsicum annuum L.)6品種を供試し、7月から11月にかけて葯培養を行った。1核期の花粉を含む葯を、0.004mg･ liter-1 2,4-D, 0.1mg･ liter-1 kinetin,30g・ liter-1 sucroseおよび2g ･ liter-1 Gelriteを添加したMS培地に植え付け、35℃で24時間処理後、25℃16時間照明で40日間培養した。カルスおよび胚様体成立は、品種及び葯の採取時期により異なった。胚様体形成率は、平均気温が15から25℃であると9月と10月が最も高かった。カルスや胚様体はいずれの品種でも形成されたが、胚様体形成率は、'伏見甘長'と韓国の品種の'Cheongyang'が高く、カルス形成率は'シシトウ'と'カルフォルニアワンダー'が高かった。形成した胚様体をMS培地に移植すると、植物体に生長した。根端の染色体数は、調査した23個体のうち19個体が2n=x=12の半数体で、1個体が2n=2x=24の2倍体、3個体が20から23の染色体数で、異数体と考えられた。